CN101198779B - Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation - Google Patents

Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101198779B
CN101198779B CN2006800219309A CN200680021930A CN101198779B CN 101198779 B CN101198779 B CN 101198779B CN 2006800219309 A CN2006800219309 A CN 2006800219309A CN 200680021930 A CN200680021930 A CN 200680021930A CN 101198779 B CN101198779 B CN 101198779B
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China
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wall section
removable wall
pivot
engine
removable
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CN2006800219309A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101198779A (en
Inventor
廷贝尔·迪克
科尔班·I·蒂勒曼-迪克
利瓦伊·M·蒂勒曼-迪克
托迈卡·S·蒂勒曼-迪克
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Tendix Development LLC
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Tendix Development LLC
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Priority claimed from PCT/US2006/016304 external-priority patent/WO2006119036A2/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the invention, an engine includes a first end wall portion to at least partially define a combustion chamber (203) therebetween. In this embodiment, the engine further includes a plurality of movable wall portions (240) disposed between the first and second end wall portions. Each movable wall portion includes a cylindrical surface extending at least partially between a distal edge portion and a pivot axis. Upon ignition in the combustion chamber, the distal edge portion of each movable wall portion slides across the cylindrical surface of the adjacent movable wall portion as the movable wall portions pivot outwardly in unison about their respective pivot axes.

Description

Radial impulse engine, pump and compressor assembly and the operating method that is associated
The cross reference of the related application of incorporating into by reference
The application's case is advocated the preference of the 60/676th, No. 017 U.S. Provisional Patent Application case that on April 29th, 2005 applied for and the 60/719th, No. 631 U.S. Provisional Patent Application case of applying on September 21st, 2005.The full text of the 60/676th, No. 017 U.S. Provisional Patent Application case and the 60/719th, No. 631 U.S. Provisional Patent Application case is incorporated herein by reference.
The application's case is relevant with following patent application case: No. the 11/414th, 148, the U.S. patent application case that is entitled as " RADIAL IMPULSEENGINE; PUMP; AND COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OFOPERATION " of application on April 28th, 2006; No. the 11/413rd, 599, the U.S. patent application case that is entitled as " RADIALIMPULSE ENGINE, PUMP, AND COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS, AND ASSOCIATEDMETHODS OF OPERATION " of application on April 28th, 2006; No. the 11/413rd, 606, the U.S. patent application case that is entitled as " RADIAL IMPULSE ENGINE, PUMP, AND COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS, ANDASSOCIATED METHODS OF OPERATION " of application on April 28th, 2006; And No. the 11/414th, 167, the U.S. patent application case that is entitled as " RADIAL IMPULSE ENGINE, PUMP, AND COMPRESSORSYSTEMS, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF OPERATION " of on April 28th, 2006 application.The full text of each in the U.S. patent application case listed above is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
Following disclosure relates generally to engine, pump and similar devices and system.
Background technique
The efficient of internal-combustion engine is expressed according to the thermal efficiency usually, and it is converted to measuring of mechanokinetic ability for engine with fuel energy.Conventional internal-combustion engine with reciprocating piston has the relatively low thermal efficiency usually.For instance, conventional car engine has about 25 the thermal efficiency usually, this means that during engine operation about 75% fuel energy is wasted.In particular, about 40% fuel energy is as loss heat flow exhaust pipe, and other 35% system's (that is, freezing mixture, oil and air-flow on every side) that is cooled absorbs.Because the cause of these losses, only about 25% fuel energy is converted to usable power, is used to drive automobile and operation level two (for example, charging system, cooling system, power steering system etc.).
Conventional internal-combustion engine poor efficiency like this has many reasons.A reason is that the cylinder head of firing chamber and wall absorb heat energy and not work done from the fuel of lighting.Another reason is that the fuel supply of lighting was only partly expanded before being sucked out the firing chamber under relative higher temperature and the pressure during the exhaust stroke.Another reason is that because the cause of the geometrical relationship between the crankshaft of reciprocating piston and rotation, the reciprocating piston engine only produces few torque in many stroke of piston.
Improve though made some in the piston engines technical field, as if reached the practical limit of piston engines efficient.For instance, in the past about 20 years, the average fuel economy of new automobile has only increased by 2.3 miles per gallons (mpg).More particularly, the average fuel economy of new automobile only is increased to 28.9mpg in 2002 from the 26.6mpg of nineteen eighty-two.
Although proposed the many replacement schemes to conventional internal-combustion engine, every kind of replacement scheme all only provides trickle improvement.For instance, hybrid locomotive (for example, Toyota Prius) and alternative fuel system (for example, propane, rock gas and biofuel) still use the conventional reciprocating piston engine with all attendant disadvantages.On the other hand, electric car is limited in scope and recharges slower.Hydrogen fuel cell is another replacement scheme, but the enforcement of this newborn technology is relatively expensive, and needs new fuel distribution basis structure to replace existing fondational structure based on oil.Therefore, wish to obtain utilizing though each in these technology all has in the future, they will be realized that market is popularized and as if also take much years.
Summary of the invention
Content of the present invention only provides for the help readers ' reading, and does not limit the present invention who states as claims.
The present invention is generally at engine, pump and similar energy conversion device, and described energy conversion device is a mechanical energy with thermal power transfer, perhaps mechanical energy is converted to the fluid energy.Internal-combustion engine according to one aspect of the invention configuration comprises first end wall portion, and itself and second end wall portion are spaced apart to define the firing chamber to small part betwixt.Described engine further comprises the first and second removable wall sections, and it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion.The first removable wall section comprises the first remote edge part of opening with first pivotal interval.The second removable wall section comprises the second remote edge part of opening with second pivotal interval.The second removable wall section further comprises barrel surface, and it is at least partially in extending between second remote edge part and second pivot.When lighting a fire in described firing chamber, pivot is consistent separately when outwards pivoting around it at the first and second removable wall sections, and first remote edge of the first removable wall section partly slides and crosses the barrel surface of the second removable wall section.In one embodiment of the invention, each in the removable wall section can comprise the aperture in addition, and described aperture is configured to allow in air and the air/fuel mixture at least one to enter in the firing chamber during engine operation.
In another aspect of this invention, described engine further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, and it is arranged between first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the second removable wall section.The same with the first and second removable wall sections, the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd remote edge part of opening with the 3rd pivotal interval.Of the present invention this on the one hand, the barrel surface of the first removable wall section has first curvature radius, and first, second and the 3rd pivot define the circle with radius of second curvature, described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
In still another aspect of the invention, the first removable wall section is fixedly attached to the first wrist axle, and the second removable wall section is fixedly attached to the second wrist axle.In this one side of the present invention, the first wrist axle operationally is coupled to the second wrist axle, as one man moves during engine operation to guarantee removable wall section.In one embodiment of the invention, for this purpose, make ring gear synchronously the first wrist axle operationally is coupled to the second wrist axle.In this embodiment, make ring gear also be coupled to crankshaft synchronously to be used for the storage of power transmission and energy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to the hiding isometric view in the part of the radial impulse engine of embodiment of the invention configuration.
Fig. 2 is the isometric view of engine of having removed Fig. 1 of many assemblies for purposes of illustration.
Fig. 3 is local excision's isometric view of the engine of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 A-4E is explanation is in the engine of the Fig. 1 in the two-stroke mode according to the embodiment of the invention a series of isometric views of operation.
Fig. 5 A-5E is a series of plan views according to the part of the radial impulse engine of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional plan view according to the part of the radial impulse engine of further embodiment of this invention configuration.
Fig. 7 is the isometric view according to the part of the radial impulse engine of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Fig. 8 A-8F is a series of plan views of explanation according to the operation of the engine of embodiment of the invention Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the isometric view according to the radial impulse engine of further embodiment of this invention configuration.
Figure 10 is the isometric view of engine of having removed Fig. 9 of many assemblies for purposes of illustration.
Figure 11 A-11H is explanation is in the engine of the Fig. 9 in the four-stoke mode according to the embodiment of the invention a series of isometric views of operation.
Figure 12 is the isometric view of the All aspects of of the string (chordon) of the engine of explanatory drawing 1-4E and wrist axle.
Figure 13 is the amplification isometric view of one in the string/wrist roller assembly parts of the engine of Fig. 1-4E.
Figure 14 A is the amplification front elevation of a part of the string of Figure 13, and Figure 14 B and 14C are the line 14B-14B in Figure 14 A and the amplification cross-sectional view of 14C-14C intercepting respectively.
Figure 15 is the equidistant rear view according to the string of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Figure 16 is the isometric view according to the part of the radial impulse engine of further embodiment of this invention configuration.
Figure 17 is the plan view of the engine of Figure 16, the extension stroke of the string that its explanation is associated.
Figure 18 A and 18B are the plan views that has according to the part of the radial impulse engine of a plurality of hinged strings of embodiment of the invention configuration.
Figure 19 A and 19B are the plan views that has according to the part of the radial impulse engine of a plurality of hinged strings of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Figure 20 A and 20B are the cross sectional end view according to the telescopic string of embodiment of the invention configuration.
Figure 21 is the cross sectional end view according to the telescopic string of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Figure 22 is the side view according to the part of the radial impulse engine of the embodiment of the invention, and its explanation is used for the system that poppet valve activates.
Figure 23 is the side view of the part of radial impulse engine according to another embodiment of the present invention, and its explanation is used for the system that poppet valve activates.
Figure 24 is the isometric view of the part of radial impulse engine, and its explanation flows to gaseous mixture and flows out the method that the firing chamber that is associated is controlled.
Figure 25 is that the part that has according to the part of the radial impulse engine of the removable valve plate of embodiment of the invention configuration hides plan view.
Figure 26 is the plan view with radial impulse engine of lobe plate, and described lobe plate is used for power is transferred to output shaft from a plurality of strings.
Figure 27 A is to use the local excision isometric view of duplex synchromesh gear from the radial impulse engine of a plurality of string transmission power, and Figure 27 B is the cross-sectional view that passes the wrist axle intercepting of Figure 27 A.
Figure 28 is the isometric view according to the part of the power unit of the embodiment of the invention, and described power unit has first radial impulse engine that operationally is coupled to second radial impulse engine.
Figure 29 is the isometric view according to the part of the power unit of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Figure 30 is the partial schematic side view according to the power unit of further embodiment of this invention configuration.
Figure 31 A-31C is a series of plan views of method of the power unit of description operation Figure 30.
Figure 32 A and 32B are the plan views according to the radial impulse steamer of embodiment of the invention configuration.
Figure 33 A and 33B are the plan views according to the radial impulse steamer of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.
Embodiment
Following disclosure provides the detailed description of many different operating methods of many different engines, pump and compressor assembly and this type systematic.Below describe and state in the content that some details is to provide the thorough understanding to each embodiment of the present invention.Yet, the statement hereinafter of other details of common well-known structure that is associated with internal-combustion engine, steamer, pump and similar device and system is described, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscure description to each embodiment of the present invention.
Many details, size, angle and further feature shown in the figure only illustrate specific embodiment of the present invention.Therefore, under the situation that does not deviate from the spirit or scope of the present invention, other embodiment can have other details, size, angle and/or feature.In addition, can under the situation of some details of describing of having no reply, implement extra embodiment of the present invention.
Among the figure, same reference numerals is represented identical or similar elements at least substantially.In order to help to discuss any particular element, the most significant digit of any reference number represents to introduce first the graphic of described element.For instance, element 1The 10th, introduce first and discuss referring to Fig. 1.
I. The radial impulse internal-combustion engine
Fig. 1 is according to the hiding isometric view in the part of the radial impulse engine 100 (" engine 100 ") of embodiment of the invention configuration.Aspect of this embodiment, engine 100 comprises cylindrical ventilation tube 102, and it extends between the first end plate 104a and the second end plate 104b.Intake manifold 106 is extended around ventilation tube 102 and is comprised the first import 108a, and it is relative with the second import 108b.Import 108 is configured in 100 operation periods of engine air is provided to ventilation tube 102.
In this embodiment on the other hand, engine 100 further comprises first gas exhaust manifold 110a that is attached to the first end plate 104a and the second gas exhaust manifold 110b that is attached to the second end plate 104b.The first gas exhaust manifold 110a is configured to leave ventilation tube 102 by the first exhaust outlet 112a and the second exhaust outlet 112b direct exhaust.The second gas exhaust manifold 110b through similar configuration to leave ventilation tube 102 by the 3rd exhaust outlet 112c and the 4th exhaust outlet 112d direct exhaust.Although do not show among Fig. 1 that exhaust outlet 112 can be connected to baffler and/or ejection control device when needed, to be respectively applied for sound attenuating and/or exhaust gas cleaning.
As hereinafter describing in detail, can provide fuel to engine 100 by many different modes.For instance, in the illustrated embodiment, fuel is provided to first fuel injector (Fig. 1 is not shown), and fuel is provided to second fuel injector (also not shown) via the second fuel line 116b via the first fuel line 116a.Although this embodiment of engine 100 utilizes fuel to spray, in other embodiments, engine 100 can utilize the fuel of other form to carry.These forms can be sprayed throttling bodies including (for example) vaporizer, fuel, or are positioned to become with the second import 108b with the first import 108a of intake manifold 106 similar device of fluid connection.
In case fuel has been ejected in the engine 100, just same available many different modes are lighted it.For instance, in the illustrated embodiment, first spark plug (Fig. 1 is not shown) by being operably connected to the first ignition wire 114a also comes fire fuel by second spark plug (Fig. 1 is also not shown) that is operably connected to the second ignition wire 114b.In other embodiments, other device (for example, glow plug) can be used for air inlet igniting, perhaps can omit ignition mechanism and can be by ignition by compression to lighting air inlet.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of having removed the engine 100 of intake manifold 106, gas exhaust manifold 110 and many other assemblies for purposes of illustration.Aspect of this embodiment, engine 100 comprises a plurality of removable wall sections 240 (individually being denoted as removable wall section 240a-f), and it is positioned at around the firing chamber 203.For ease of reference, this paper is called " string " with removable wall section 240.In the illustrated embodiment, each in the string 240 comprises curved surface 244, remote edge part 242 and a plurality of transfer port 224 (individually being denoted as transfer port 224a-b).In the string 240 each is fixedly attached to corresponding wrist axle 220 (individually being denoted as wrist axle 220a-f).Wrist axle 220 is pivoted by the first end plate 104a shown in Figure 1 and the second end plate 104b and supports.As more detailed description hereinafter, in 100 operation periods of engine, string 240 around its separately wrist axle 220 as one man pivot back and forth.In described process, the remote edge part 242 of each string 240 slidably reciprocates on contiguous string face 244, under the situation of not having harmful combination or disturbing firing chamber 203 is sealed whereby.
In this embodiment on the other hand, carrying first timing gear 222 (individually being denoted as the first timing gear 222a-f) on each wrist axle 220 1 end, and carrying second timing gear 223 (individually being denoted as the second timing gear 223a-f) on the other end.In first timing gear 222 each operationally with first ring gear 228a engagement, and in second timing gear 223 each meshes with the second ring gear 228b similarly.Ring gear 228 is in the synchronized movement of engine 100 operating period chien shih string 240.
Aspect this embodiment another, crankweb 229 stretches out and is coupled to connecting rod 262 pivotally from the first ring gear 228a.Connecting rod 262 is coupled to crankshaft 270 again pivotally.Crankshaft 270 can comprise one or more flywheels 272, and it has enough quality to drive compression (inwardly) part of string 240 by its shuttling movement.Although a crankshaft assembly parts only is described among Fig. 2, in other embodiments, can use extra crankweb, connecting rod and/or crankshaft when needed, to be used to storing extra kinetic energy or for structure and/or dynamics reason.For instance, in another embodiment, second crankweb stretches out from the second ring gear 228b, and can be coupled to crankshaft 270 (or another crankshaft) pivotally by second connecting rod.
Fig. 3 is local excision's isometric view that string 240 rotates to the engine 100 of external position.Aspect of this embodiment, engine 100 comprises a plurality of one-way valves 326 (individually being denoted as one-way valve 326a-f), and it is positioned at around the ventilation tube 102 and is adjacent to corresponding string 240.One-way valve 326 can comprise leaf valve, or is configured to air (or air/fuel mixture) transmission is entered the similar device of (but not passing out) ventilation tube 102.
In this embodiment on the other hand, engine 100 further comprises a plurality of outlet valves 330 (individually being denoted as outlet valve 330a-1).Outlet valve 330a-f extends through the first end plate 104a, and outlet valve 330g-1 extends through the second end plate 104b.In the outlet valve 330 each is placed in the corresponding relief opening 337, and is kept closing by corresponding helical spring 335.Actuator plate 336 is pushed helical spring 335, so that outlet valve 330 moves away end plate 104 separately, and opens relief opening 337.Opening relief opening 337 in this way allows waste gas to flow out firing chamber 203 by contiguous gas exhaust manifold 110.
Aspect this embodiment another, engine 100 also comprises first and second fuel injector 334a and the 334b, and the first and second igniter 332a and 332b (for example, spark plug).The first and second fuel injector 334a and 334b be respectively by the first and second end plate 104a and 104b carrying, and be configured to respectively to receive fuel from the first and second fuel line 116a and the 116b of Fig. 1.The first and second igniter 332a and 332b carry and are adjacent to first and second fuel injector 334a and the 334b by the first and second end plate 104a and 104b respectively.In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second igniter 332a and 332b aim at the central shaft 301 of engine 100, and are configured to respectively to receive voltage via the first and second ignition wire 114a and the 114b of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 A-4E is explanation is in the operation of the engine 100 in the two-stroke mode according to the embodiment of the invention a series of isometric views.Many engine modules from Fig. 4 A-4E, have been omitted to help following argumentation.At first referring to Fig. 4 A, among this figure, string 240 is in the penetralia of its pivot stroke, and for ease of reference, described pivot stroke can be described as " top dead center ".The top dead center position of string 240 is corresponding to the top dead center position of crankshaft 270.At this some place of circuit, fuel injector 334 (Fig. 3) has injected fuel in the firing chamber 203, and igniter 332 (Fig. 3) has been lighted the air/fuel mixture of compression.Thereby burning subsequently outwards drives string 240, thereby impels wrist axle 220 in the counterclockwise direction around its axle rotation separately.When wrist axle 220 rotated in the counterclockwise direction, timing gear 222/223 is driving ring generating gear 228 in the clockwise direction.When the first ring gear 228a rotated, it was transferred to crankshaft 270 with power from string 240 via crankweb 229.
Next referring to Fig. 4 B, when string 240 arrived in its outstrokes point just above outlet valve 330, outlet valve 330 began firing chamber 203 open.This allows waste gas to begin to flow out firing chamber 203 by relief opening 337 (Fig. 3).Along with string 240 continues outwards to move, its compression be captured in its with ventilation tins 102 between air.In case the remote edge part 242 of each string 240 slides through the transfer port 224 in the contiguous string 240, just allow in this air flow into combustor 203 by compression.This air that enters helps by relief opening 337 waste gas to be released firing chamber 203.When string 240 arrives the most external (that is, " lower dead center " position) of its pivot stroke (shown in Fig. 4 C), outlet valve 330 is opened fully.Thus, the kinetic energy of crankshaft flywheel 272 impels string 240 reverse, and begins to move inward towards the top dead center position of Fig. 4 A.
Referring to Fig. 4 D, along with string 240 continues to move inward towards top dead center position, its compress inlet air, and continue by relief opening 337 waste gas to be released firing chamber 203.Yet outlet valve 330 is withdrawn fully in order to avoid contact before string 240 arrives outlet valve 330.Along with string 240 continues to move inward, produce vacuum in its space between itself and ventilation tube 102.This vacuum is drawn into fresh air in the ventilation tube 102 by one-way valve 326.This air will be by next outstroke compression of string 240 before in by transfer port 224 flow into combustor 203.
Among Fig. 4 E, string 240 has returned its top dead center position that begins in Fig. 4 A.At this some place of circuit, the air inlet in the firing chamber 203 is compressed fully.Discuss referring to Fig. 4 A as mentioned, fuel injector 334 can inject fuel in the firing chamber 203 at this moment or roughly this moment, to be lighted by igniter 232.When this takes place, repeat above referring to the described circulation of Fig. 4 A-4D.
Although the above-described embodiment of the invention uses fuel to spray, in other embodiments, engine 100 can use the fuel of other form to carry.These forms can be sprayed throttling bodies including (for example) vaporizer or fuel, and its import 108 (Fig. 1) by intake manifold 106 (Fig. 1) is provided to firing chamber 203 with air/fuel mixture.Though engine 100 will utilize vaporizer to work satisfactorily, fuel sprays some advantage can be provided, for example fuel economy and lower hydrocarbon injection preferably.
Fig. 5 A-5E is a series of plan views according to the part of the radial impulse engine 500 (" engine 500 ") of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.At first referring to Fig. 5 A, many parts of engine 500 can be similar to above the corresponding part of the engine of describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.Yet, in this specific embodiment, the one-way valve that engine 500 does not comprise the ventilation tube or is associated.In addition, although engine 500 comprises a plurality of strings 540 (individually being denoted as string 540a-f) really, string 540 lacks transfer port (for example, the transfer port of above describing referring to Fig. 2-4E 224).Yet engine 500 comprises suction valve 531 among the first end plate 504a and the outlet valve 530 among the second end plate 504b really.Suction valve 531 and outlet valve 530 are aimed at the central shaft 501 of firing chamber 503.Fuel injector 534 and igniter 532 extend in the firing chamber 503 and are adjacent to suction valve 531.
Engine 500 can be operated in two-stroke and two kinds of patterns of four-stroke.In two-stroke mode, when string 540 is in the top dead center position that illustrates among Fig. 5 A or when neighbouring, igniter 532 is lighted the air inlet of compression.At this some place of circuit, suction valve 531 and outlet valve 530 are closed fully, and thereby firing pressure subsequently outwards drive string 540.When string 540 arrived the position that illustrates among Fig. 5 B, outlet valve 530 began to open, thereby makes the waste gas of expansion can begin to flow out firing chamber 503.
When string 540 arrived the position that illustrates among Fig. 5 C, outlet valve 530 was opened fully or almost completely.At this some place of circuit, suction valve 531 begins to open, thereby allows air pressurized (for example from the auxiliary scavenging blower) flow into combustor 503.The outside motion of string 540 helps in the air pressurized flow into combustor 503, and this help is released firing chamber 503 by the outlet valve of opening 530 with waste gas.
When string 540 arrived bottom dead center position shown in Fig. 5 D, both all opened outlet valve 530 and suction valve 531 fully.When string 540 when this point begins to move inward, suction valve 531 begins to cut out.When string 540 arrived position illustrated among Fig. 5 E, suction valve 531 cut out fully or almost completely.Yet outlet valve 530 just begins to close.Therefore, string 540 continues waste gas is released firing chamber 503 when it continues inside compress inlet air.When string 540 arrived top dead center position shown in Fig. 5 A, both all closed outlet valve 530 and suction valve 531 fully.This moment or roughly this moment, fuel injector 534 injects fuel in the firing chamber 503 to be lighted by igniter 532.When this takes place, can repeat above-mentioned circulation.
Although the embodiment of above-described engine 500 utilizes fuel to spray, but those possessing an ordinary skill in the pertinent arts will understand, can easily revise engine 500 or its version, to utilize vaporizer or similar device to operate, described similar device is introduced air/fuel mixture in the firing chamber 503 via suction valve 531.In addition, although engine 500 only comprises single suction valve and single outlet valve, but the engine that is similar in other embodiments, engine 500 on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function at least substantially can comprise a plurality of suction valves among the first end plate 504a and a plurality of outlet valves among the second end plate 504b.In a further embodiment, the engine that is similar to engine 500 on the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function at least substantially can be in end plate 504 each on comprise intake ﹠ exhaust valves both.Yet in this type of embodiment, corresponding air inlet/gas exhaust manifold may be had a few complexity.
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional plan view according to the part of the radial impulse engine 600 (" engine 600 ") of further embodiment of this invention configuration.Many parts of engine 600 are similar to above the corresponding part of the engine of describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, engine 600 comprises a plurality of strings 640 (individually being denoted as string 640a-f) and a plurality of corresponding wrist axle 620 (individually being denoted as wrist axle 620a-f).Wrist axle 620 can pivot string 640 between first and second end plate (not shown).With the same in the engine 100, each end plate comprises a plurality of relief openings 630 (individually being denoted as relief opening 630a-f), and each end plate carrying extends to fuel injector 634 and igniter 632 in the contiguous firing chamber 603.
Different with the string 240 of engine 100, the arcs of the string 640 of engine 600 about 180 degree of to-and-fro motion process during normal running.In order to adapt to this motion, engine 600 further comprises the ventilation tube 602 with a plurality of indivedual strings chamber 605a-f.In the illustrated embodiment, one-way valve 626 (individually the be denoted as one-way valve 626a-f) admission of air of each string chamber 605 from being associated.One-way valve 626 makes air flow in the string chamber 605 via rear wall 601.Transfer port 650 extends to outlet 653 on the adjacent front wall 607 from the import 651 on each rear wall 601.
In operation, be in primary importance P when string 640 1(that is, top dead center position) or when neighbouring, fuel injector 634 injects fuel in the firing chamber 603.Fuel mixes with pressurized air in the firing chamber 603 and is lighted by igniter 632.Burning subsequently with string 640 from primary importance P 1Outwards be driven into second place P 2When string 640 near second place P 2The time, it allows waste gas to begin to flow out firing chamber 603 by the relief opening 630 that exposes.Along with string 640 from second place P 2Continue outwards towards the 3rd position P 3Move, its compression is captured in its air in string chamber 605 separately.Yet, along with string 640 continues towards the 4th position P 4Move, the air of its drive compression is got back in the string chamber 605 by transfer port 650.This supply that enters helps by relief opening 630 waste gas to be released firing chamber 603.
When string 640 oppositely and begin from the 4th position P 4(that is, bottom dead center position) when moving inward, its compress inlet air, and this further helps waste gas is discharged firing chamber 603.In addition, this motion also is drawn into new air in the string chamber 605 by one-way valve 626.Further inwardly moving of string 640 continues compress inlet air, and by relief opening 630 waste gas released firing chamber 603.As string 640 in-position P 1The time, fuel injector 634 injects fuel in the firing chamber 603 once more being lighted by igniter 632, thereby impels above-mentioned circulation to repeat.
Under the situation that does not deviate from the spirit or scope of the present invention, the All aspects of of engine 600 can be different from above-described those aspects.For instance, in another embodiment, transfer port 650 can be positioned on the one or both of end plate (not shown).In another embodiment, relief opening 630 can end plate be removable separately with respect to it, correspondingly to change the exhaust timing and to change the engine performance feature.A kind of mode that changes the exhaust timing is to utilize controllable throttle valve or similar device to change port position and/or size.In other embodiments, throttle valve or similar device can be used for changing effectively the relative position of one-way valve 626 and/or transfer port outlet 653, to change air inlet when needed regularly.
Fig. 7 is the isometric view according to the part of the radial impulse engine 700 (" engine 700 ") of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.Many parts of engine 700 are similar to above the corresponding part of the engine of describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, engine 700 comprises a plurality of symmetrical strings 740 (individually being denoted as string 740a-f) and a plurality of corresponding wrist axle 720 (individually being denoted as wrist axle 720a-f).With the same in the engine 100, wrist axle 720 can pivot string 740 between the first end plate 704a and the second end plate 704b.Yet as more detailed description hereinafter, in this specific embodiment, string 740 fully around its wrist axle 720 rotations separately, rather than moves back and forth during engine operation.In order to help this motion, the first end plate 704a comprises first and supplies with receiver 754a, and the second end plate 704b comprises the second supply receiver 754b.It is recessed with respect to firing chamber 703 to supply with receiver 754, and each supply receiver has fuel injector 734 and corresponding igniter 732.
Fig. 8 A-8F is a series of plan views of explanation according to the operation of embodiment of the invention engine 700.Among Fig. 8 A, string 740 just inwardly moves the air that also just begins in the compression and combustion chamber 703.When string 740 during near the position shown in Fig. 8 B, the air in firing chamber 703 and the contiguous supply receiver 754 is by high compression.Along with string 740 continues towards the firing chamber 703 center rotation, the volume of firing chamber 703 is near vanishing point, thereby forces air to enter in the contiguous supply receiver 754.This moment or this moment roughly, fuel injector 734 injects fuel into to be supplied with in the receiver 754, and the air/fuel mixture of gained is lighted by igniter 732.
Next referring to Fig. 8 C, when the air/fuel mixture of lighting began to expand, it outwards drove string 740 towards the position shown in Fig. 8 D in the clockwise direction.Although not shown among Fig. 8 A-8F, engine 700 can comprise crankshaft or other suitable power obtaining device to be used to the power from string 740.When string 740 during near the position shown in Fig. 8 E, it makes waste gas flow out firing chamber 703.Thus, string 740 continues it and turns clockwise, and waste gas is extracted out firing chamber 703 and new air ventilation is entered in the firing chamber 703.When the position shown in string 740 arrival Fig. 8 F, circulation repeats.
Fig. 9 is the isometric view according to the radial impulse engine 900 (" engine 900 ") of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.Many parts of engine 900 are similar to above the corresponding part of the engine of describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.Yet in the specific embodiment of Fig. 9, engine 900 comprises shell 905, and it extends between the first end plate 904a and the second end plate 904b.Engine 900 further comprises intake manifold 906 that is positioned on the first end plate 904a and the gas exhaust manifold 910 that is positioned on the second end plate 904b.Intake manifold 906 comprises the first import 908a relative with the second import 908b.Import 908 is configured to air/fuel mixture is provided to engine 900 from vaporizer, fuel injection throttling bodies or other fuel delivery means that is associated.In other embodiments, engine 900 can be configured to utilize the one or more fuel injection system that is similar in the above-mentioned fuel injection system to operate.Gas exhaust manifold 910 is configured to leave engine 900 by the first exhaust outlet 912a and the second exhaust outlet 912b direct exhaust.If need, suitable baffler and/or ejection control device can be connected to exhaust outlet 912, to be used for noise suppression and/or exhaust gas cleaning.
Engine 900 further comprises the first ignition wire 916a and the second ignition wire 916b.In in the ignition wire 916 each is operably connected to corresponding igniter or the spark plug (Fig. 9 is not shown) by 904 carryings of an end plate.
Figure 10 is the isometric view that has shell 905 and removed the engine 900 of many other assemblies for purpose of explanation.As mentioned above, many parts of engine 900 are similar to above the corresponding part of the engine of describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, engine 900 comprises a plurality of removable string 1040a-f and a plurality of corresponding wrist axle 1020a-f.Engine 900 also comprises the first igniter 1032a at an end place that is positioned at firing chamber 1003 and is positioned at the secondary igniter 1032b at the other end place of firing chamber 1003.String 1040 operationally is coupled to crankshaft 1070 and obtains to be used for power.
Yet, different with engine 100, the one-way valve that engine 900 lacks the ventilation tube and is associated.In fact, engine 900 utilizes a plurality of suction valve 1031a-f that carried by the first end plate 904a (Fig. 9).As hereinafter describing in detail, the appropriate time that suction valve 1031 is configured to during engine operation is opened, and enters the firing chamber 1003 from intake manifold 906 (Fig. 9) to allow air/fuel mixture, for being lighted by igniter 1032 subsequently.In alternate embodiment, engine 900 can comprise one or more fuel injectors, and it sprays to be used for direct fuel near being positioned at igniter 1032.Spray by direct fuel, suction valve 1031 can be used for air rather than air/fuel mixture are introduced in the firing chamber 1003.
Engine 900 further comprises a plurality of outlet valve 1030g-1 by the second end plate 904b (Fig. 9) carrying.As hereinafter describing in detail, the appropriate time that outlet valve 1030 is configured to during engine operation is opened, and flows out firing chamber 1003 to allow waste gas by gas exhaust manifold 910 (Fig. 9).
Figure 11 A-11H is explanation is in the operation of the engine 900 in the four-stoke mode according to the embodiment of the invention a series of isometric views.In this embodiment, string 1040 beginnings in the top dead center position when circulation finishes to be in exhaust stroke are as illustrated among Figure 11 A.When string 1040 was in this position, both all closed suction valve 1031 and outlet valve 1030 fully.Thus, the spinning momentum of crankshaft 1070 impels string 1040 outwards to move towards the position shown in Figure 11 B.When string 1040 during near this position, suction valve 1031 begins to open, thereby allows air/fuel mixture is extracted into the firing chamber 1003 from intake manifold 906 (Fig. 9).When string 1040 arrived bottom dead center position illustrated among Figure 11 C, suction valve 1031 opens fully so that the charge flow rate maximization.In this position, the rotation of crankshaft 1070 impels string 1040 to stop and oppositely.
When string 1040 when the position shown in Figure 11 D moves inward, suction valve 1031 cuts out to avoid the string contact.Along with string 1040 continues to move inward, the air inlet in its compression and combustion chamber 1003.When the top dead center position shown in string 1040 arrival Figure 11 E, igniter 1032 (Figure 10) is lighted air inlet.Firing pressure subsequently outwards drives string 1040, thereby transmits power to crankshaft 1070.When string 1040 arrived position illustrated among Figure 11 F, outlet valve 1030 began to open, thereby allowed waste gas to flow out firing chamber 1003 by gas exhaust manifold 910 (Fig. 9).When the bottom dead center position shown in string 1040 arrival Figure 11 G, outlet valve 1030 opens fully so that the maximization of blast air output.In this position, the rotation of crankshaft 1070 impels string 1040 to stop and oppositely.
When string 1040 when the position shown in Figure 11 H moves inward, it discharges firing chamber 1003 by the outlet valve of opening 1030 with waste gas.Yet this moment, outlet valve 1030 was just prepared to close, so it will just be closed in order to avoid any harmful contact before string 1040 arrives its place fully.When the top dead center position shown in string 1040 arrival Figure 11 A, above-mentioned circulation repeats.
Although engine 900 utilizes a plurality of intake ﹠ exhaust valves, in other embodiments, other engine that is similar to engine 900 on the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function at least substantially can utilize the single outlet valve on single suction valve and the relative end plate on the end plate.In a further embodiment, other similar engine can utilize hybrid exhaust and the suction valve on one or two end plate.In other embodiment, the four-stroke engine that is similar to above-mentioned engine 900 can utilize string 1040 around its separately the unidirectional rotation of wrist axle 1020 operate.In this type of embodiment, the string motion can be similar to the string motion of above describing referring to Fig. 8 A-8F at least substantially.
Above a feature of the radial impulse engine of describing referring to Fig. 1-11H is that the firing chamber has higher reaction surface ratio (RSR) than the comparable internal-combustion engine with reciprocating piston.This is because expand by index law in firing chamber of the present invention, the fuel supply of wherein lighting during the outstroke of indivedual strings to each work done in the described string.Comparatively speaking, the only linear expansion of the firing chamber of conventional reciprocating piston engine, the fuel supply of wherein lighting be not only to the top surface of piston and to fixing cylinder wall work done.The advantage of high RSR of the present invention is that it has increased the amount of the shaft work that extracts by combustion process from fuel.In this regard, expection can realize the about .50 or the bigger thermal efficiency according to the radial impulse engine of embodiment of the invention configuration, and this is equivalent to increase by 100% than conventional internal-combustion engine.
Another feature of above-mentioned radial impulse engine is that outside string motion makes waste gas " the super expansion " during power stroke.The advantage of this super expansion is significantly to reduce exhaust gas temperature.Therefore, engine becomes and significantly cools off, thereby in time inner engine parts is caused than less wear.In addition, lower operating temperature allows to use than the little cooling system of conventional internal-combustion engine capacity.An advantage of less cooling system is, compares with the comparable cooling system that is used for conventional engine, and it draws still less power during operation from engine.
The another feature of above-mentioned radial impulse engine is, it has still less part than the conventional internal-combustion engine with comparable capacity and output.Therefore, the comparable conventional engine of radial impulse engine of the present invention is made littler gentlyer and compacter usually.This feature uses the automobile of engine of the present invention and other vehicle to make littler gentlyer than its conventional corresponding vehicle, and has relatively better fuel efficiency.The reduction of mobile part also makes overall operation frictional force reduce, and this causes the increase of fuel efficiency again.
II. The string parts
Figure 12 is explanation from the isometric view of the All aspects of of the string 240 of the engine of above describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 and wrist axle 220.Aspect of this embodiment, wrist axle 220 has the pivot P that defines round C a-P fCircle C has first curvature radius R 1In this embodiment on the other hand, each in the string face 244 has radius of second curvature R with respect to centerline axis CL 2Centerline axis CL is parallel to wrist axle pivot P a-P fIn this specific embodiment, radius of second curvature R 2Equal or be approximately equal to first curvature radius R at least 1
For radial impulse engine, the radius of curvature of string face 244 is approximately equal at least by wrist axle pivot P with six strings a-P fThe radius of curvature of circle shown and can help the continuous sliding contact between the string during the string to-and-fro motion, and can not cause harmful combination.Yet as more detailed description hereinafter, in other embodiments, the radial impulse engine of All aspects of configuration can comprise more or less string with other configuration according to the present invention.
Figure 13 is the amplification isometric view from one in the string/wrist roller assembly parts of the engine of above describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100.Aspect of this embodiment, string 240 can comprise one or more coolant channel 1346, and it makes circulate coolant pass string 240 during engine operation.In the illustrated embodiment, coolant channel 1346 receives freezing mixture from the import 1348a that locatees towards an end of wrist axle 220, and the freezing mixture of outlet 1348b discharging through heating by locating towards the opposite end of wrist axle 220.
In this embodiment on the other hand, string 240 can further comprise along the first pressure control Sealing 1356a of first terminal edge part 1351a extension, along second pressure control Sealing 1356b of second terminal edge part 1351b extension and the 3rd pressure control Sealing 1356c that extends along remote edge part 242.The pressure leakage that pressure control Sealing 1356 reduces between engine 100 operation period string 240 and the neighbouring surface.For instance, the space between the first pressure control Sealing 1356a sealing string 240 and the first end plate 104a (not shown), and the space between second pressure control Sealing 1356b sealing string 240 and the second end plate 104b (also not shown).Space during the 3rd pressure control Sealing 1356c sealing engine operation between string 240 and the contiguous string face.
Except pressure control Sealing 1356, string 240 also can comprise along first oil control Sealing 1354a of first end surface 1353a extension and second oil that extends on the second end surface 1353b controls Sealing 1354b.Described two oil control Sealings 1354 and the 3rd pressure control Sealing 1356c can be configured to receive lubricant oil from the oil groove 1350 by string 240.In the illustrated embodiment, oil groove 1350 receives oil from the import 1352a that locatees towards an end of wrist axle 220, and discharges oil by the outlet 1352b that locatees towards the opposite end of wrist axle 220.During engine operation, oil control Sealing 1354 and the 3rd pressure control Sealing 1356c can provide lubricant oil to reduce friction and to make the engine wear minimum between string 240 and neighbouring surface.
Figure 14 A is the amplification front elevation of a part of the string 240 of Figure 13.Figure 14 B and 14C are the amplification cross-sectional views of the line 14B-14B in Figure 14 A and 14C-14C intercepting respectively.Referring to Figure 14 A-C, aspect of this embodiment, each in each in the pressure control Sealing 1356 and the oil control Sealing 1354 can be made by the flat panel of metal or other suitable material together.In the time of in being installed in corresponding seal groove 1358 (individually being denoted as seal groove 1358a-c), the first pressure control Sealing 1356a takes the shape of conic section, and the first oil control Sealing 1354a and the 3rd pressure control Sealing 1356c keep smooth.
In this embodiment on the other hand, a plurality of spring 1362a-c (for example, metal spring) can be separately positioned among the groove 1358a-c, outwards push corresponding Sealing 1354/1356 and keep sufficient sealing during engine operation to support neighbouring surface.Perhaps, in another embodiment, can come each pressurization in the Sealing 1354/1356 by the firing chamber gas that passes the back port (not shown) in the string 240 that flows.
Above-mentioned various string parts only represent to can be used for solving several diverse ways of intrinsic internal-combustion engine cooling, lubricant oil and combustion chamber sealing problem.Therefore, in other embodiments, can use other method to solve these problems.For instance, in this type of embodiment, lubricated media can provide the string cooling, need not independent cooling system whereby.In another embodiment, the ring-like Sealing of nonmetal O (for example, Teflon
Figure 2006800219309_0
Sealing) can be used for the string sealing.
Figure 15 is the equidistant rear view according to the string 1540 of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.Many parts of string 1540 can be similar to above the corresponding part of the string of describing referring to Figure 13-14C 240 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, string 1540 comprises curved surface 1544, and it is inswept by contiguous string during engine operation.Yet aspect of this specific embodiment, string 1540 further comprises a plurality of cooling fins 1548 that are positioned on rear side or not inswept surperficial 1545.Cooling fin 1548 has increased not inswept surperficial 1545 surface area to improve string 1540 and the heat transmission of cooling off between the air inlet during the engine operation.With aforementioned manner cooling string 1540 the heat input to the string cooling system is minimized, increase overall engine efficiency whereby.
Figure 16 is the isometric view according to the part of the radial impulse engine 1600 (" engine 1600 ") of further embodiment of this invention configuration.Engine 1600 comprises a plurality of string 1640a-f that are fixedly attached to corresponding wrist axle 1620a-f.String 1640 and wrist axle 1620 are similar to above-described its corresponding person at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.Yet string 1640 is that in the difference of a particular aspects it respectively comprises a curved surface 1644, and described curved surface 1644 extends to the proximal edge part 1643 of the pivot 1621 that is positioned to surpass corresponding wrist axle 1620 from remote edge part 1642.
In this embodiment on the other hand, string 1640 also can comprise " son axially " transfer port 1624a-b, and its pivot 1621 outsides at corresponding wrist axle 1620 extend through string 1640.As illustrated in fig. 16, in selected embodiment, movably throttle valve 1666 (individually being denoted as the first throttle valve 1666a and the second throttle valve 1666b) is used in size and/or the opening point of regulating transfer port 1624 during the engine operation.Change port size in this way and/or regularly can be used for changing when needed the engine performance feature.
Figure 17 is the plan view of engine 1600, the extension stroke of its explanation string 1640.As shown in the drawing, each in the string 1640 comprises remote edge part 1642, when string 1640 from top dead center position P 1Outwards be pivoted to bottom dead center position P 2The time, the pivot 1621 of remote edge part 1642 inswept contiguous wrist axles 1620.Realize bigger wrist axle rotation and more level and smooth power conveying with aforementioned manner expansion string stroke.
Although the invention described above embodiment utilizes " single-piece " string, in other embodiment (embodiment for example described below), other radial impulse engine of configuration can utilize the hinged and/or flexible string of multi-part type according to the present invention.
Figure 18 A and 18B are the plan views that has according to the part of the radial impulse engine 1800 (" engine 1800 ") of a plurality of hinged string 1840a-h of embodiment of the invention configuration.At first referring to Figure 18 A, in this embodiment, in the string 1840 each can comprise the main body 1841 (individually being denoted as main body 1841a-h) that is fixedly attached to corresponding wrist axle 1820 (individually being denoted as wrist axle 1820a-h) and be attached to the hinged extension 1842 (individually being denoted as hinged extension 1842a-h) of main body 1841 pivotally.Control link 1843 can operationally be coupled to each in the hinged extension 1842, to control moving of hinged extension 1842 when string 1840 bottom dead center position that illustrated top dead center position illustrates from Figure 18 A outwards pivots in Figure 18 B.
Aspect of this embodiment, engine 1800 comprises 8 strings 1840, and in the main body 1841 each has length L, and it is approximately equal to the chordal distance D between the contiguous wrist axle pivot at least.Yet in other embodiments, other radial impulse engine can have more or less hinged string, and in the string each can have corresponding main body, and its length is greater than or less than the chord length between the contiguous wrist axle pivot.Yet, in this type of embodiment, have the necessary serpentine shape cooling that utilizes string during the stroke that a plurality of hinged string sections assist string, to keep abundant sealing and not cause harmful combination.
Figure 19 A and 19B are the plan views that has according to the part of the radial impulse engine 1900 (" engine 1900 ") of a plurality of hinged string 1940a-d of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.In this embodiment, each in the string 1940 comprises main body 1941 and corresponding hinged extension 1942.Drag link 1943 can operationally be coupled to each in the hinged extension 1942, controls moving of hinged extension 1942 when the bottom dead center position that illustrates in Figure 19 B with the top dead center position that illustrates from Figure 19 A when string 1940 outwards pivots.
Figure 20 A and 20B are the cross sectional end view according to the telescopic string 2040 of embodiment of the invention configuration.Figure 20 A shows the string 2040 that is in retracted position (for example, bottom dead center position), and Figure 20 B shows the string 2040 that is in extended position (for example, top dead center position).Referring to Figure 20 A and 20B, string 2040 can comprise main body 2047 together, and it slidably reciprocates on base part 2049.Control link 2043 with fixing pivoting point 2045 is controlled the position of main body 2047 with respect to base part 2049 at string 2040 when wrist axle 2020 pivots.In particular, when string 2040 pivoted in the counterclockwise direction, control link 2043 impelled main body 2047 to move away from wrist axle 2020, increases the length of string 2040 whereby.On the contrary, when string 2040 pivoted in the clockwise direction, control link 2043 impelled main body 2047 to move towards wrist axle 2020, reduces the length of string 2040 whereby.Those possessing an ordinary skill in the pertinent arts will understand, and above-mentioned control link configuration just is used to control a possible mechanism of chord length.Therefore, in other embodiments, can use the chord length during other control link configuration and/or other mechanism change engine operation.
Figure 21 is the cross sectional end view according to the telescopic string 2140 of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.In this embodiment, string 2140 is included in the helical spring 2143 of compression between main body 2147 and the corresponding base part 2149.When string 2140 during engine operation during inswept its arc, helical spring 2143 is supporting contiguous string surface and is pushing main body 2147, keep abundant sealing whereby and do not produce harmful in conjunction with or the space.
Pei Zhi telescopic string can comprise other member of the chord length that is used for Control Engine operation period according to other embodiments of the present invention.This class A of geometric unitA can be including (for example) hydraulic pressure and/or pressure system, and it works in the mode that is similar to above-mentioned helical spring 2143 at least substantially.For example the telescopic string of above describing referring to Figure 20 A-21 can be used in the many different engine configuration of requirement or the variable chord length of needs.This type of engine configuration can be including (for example) the engine of above describing referring to Figure 18 A-19B 1800 and 1900.
III. Valve activates
Figure 22 is the side view of the part of the radial impulse engine 2200 (" engine 2200 ") according to the embodiment of the invention, and its explanation is used for the system that poppet valve activates.Engine 2200 can be similar to the engine of above describing referring to Fig. 1-4E 100 at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, engine 2200 can comprise a plurality of air inlets and/or the outlet valve 2230 of cutting out by a plurality of corresponding helical springs 2234 maintenances.Yet in this specific embodiment, engine 2200 further comprises the nose of cam 2264 of the far-end of the wrist axle 2220 that is fixedly attached to extension.Rocking arm 2260 extension that between nose of cam 2264 and valve actuator plate 2236, pivots.During engine operation, the nose of cam 2264 of pivot impels rocking arm 2260 to push actuator plate 2236 off and on, and compression valve spring 2234 is also temporarily opened poppet valve 2230 whereby.In other embodiment of the present invention, valve activates and can be carried out by other part of engine 2200.For instance, in another embodiment, valve actuating cam protuberance (one or more) can be through driving and separate with synchronous ring gear (for example, one in the ring gear 228 of Fig. 2).
Figure 23 explanation is according to the valve actuation system of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.In this embodiment, radial impulse engine 2300 (" engine 2300 ") comprises cylinder ring cam set 2364, and it is configured to around 2301 rotations of engine central shaft.Can drive ring cam set 2364 by many different modes.For instance, in one embodiment, ring cam set 2364 can separate with wrist shaftgear (not shown) through driving.In another embodiment, ring cam set 2364 can be through driving and separate with synchronous ring gear (for example, being similar to the ring gear of the ring gear 228 of Fig. 2 on the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function at least substantially).Ring cam set 2364 comprises a plurality of nose of cam 2366a-b, and it depresses and open contiguous poppet valve 2330 at ring cam set 2364 when central shaft 2301 rotates.
Dui Cheng valve opening/closing configuration if desired, nose of cam 2366 should correspondingly have symmetric shape so.In this type of embodiment, ring cam set 2364 can unidirectional rotation or is moved back and forth.Perhaps, asymmetric if desired valve opening/closing configuration, nose of cam 2366 should correspondingly have asymmetric shape so, and ring cam set 2364 should be configured to around central shaft 2301 unidirectional rotations.
Figure 24 is the isometric view of the part of radial impulse engine 2400 (" engine 2400 "), and its explanation flows to gaseous mixture and flows out the method that the firing chamber 2403 that is associated is controlled.Aspect of this embodiment, engine 2400 is included in the ventilation tube 2402 that extends between the first end plate 2404a and the second end plate 2404b.Ventilation tube 2402 comprises a plurality of suction port 2426a-f, and it is configured to allow air/fuel mixture to enter in the ventilation tube 2402.One or both in the end plate 2404 can comprise a plurality of relief opening 2432a-f, and it is configured to discharge the waste gas from firing chamber 2403.
In this embodiment on the other hand, engine 2400 further comprises cylindrical sleeving valve 2462 and a series of throttle valve 2466a-f.Sleeving valve 2462 is arranged on the exterior circumferential of ventilation tube 2402 with one heart, and comprises a plurality of aperture 2464a-f.In operation, sleeving valve 2462 rotates with the position of change aperture 2464 with respect to suction port 2426 around engine central shaft 2401, and the control air/fuel mixture enters the flow in the ventilation tube 2402.In one embodiment, can control moving of sleeving valve 2462 by the one or more gear engagement among a plurality of wrist axle 2420a-f.In other embodiments, can control moving of sleeving valve 2462 by other means.In the illustrated embodiment, throttle valve 2466 operationally is coupled to wrist axle 2420.In operation, throttle valve 2466 rotates back and forth with wrist axle 2420, opens and closes relief opening 2432 with the appropriate time during the string stroke.
Figure 25 is that the part with part of the radial impulse engine 2500 (" engine 2500 ") that overlaps the removable valve plate 2566 on the engine end plate 2504 hides plan view.In this embodiment, engine end plate 2504 comprises a plurality of shaping relief opening 2532a-f that open to firing chamber 2503.Valve plate 2566 comprises a plurality of corresponding aperture 2567a-f.In operation, valve plate 2566 is around engine central shaft 2501 (or unidirectional) rotation back and forth, at the appropriate time during the string stroke aperture 2567 is positioned on the relief opening 2532.
IV. Power obtains
Above described and a kind ofly obtained power, promptly by the wrist axle operationally being coupled to the method for crankshaft via one or more connecting rods from radial impulse engine at the part of the argumentation content of Fig. 2.Yet, in other embodiment of the present invention, can use other method to obtain power from above-mentioned radial impulse engine.
Figure 26 (for example) is the plan view with radial impulse engine 2600 of lobe plate 2674, and described lobe plate 2674 is used for power is transferred to output shaft 2678 from a plurality of string 2640a-f.In this embodiment, torque arm 2622a-f is fixedly attached to each string wrist axle 2620a-f.Be positioned on the far-end of each torque arm 2622 cam follower 2624a-f rollably with lobe plate 2674 in cam rail 2676 engagements.In operation, torque arm 2622 moves with string 2640, makes when string 2640 outwards pivots during power stroke, and cam follower 2624 moves inward and centers on engine central shaft 2601 driving cam plate 2674 in the counterclockwise direction.When power stroke finished, the momentum of the lobe plate 2674 of rotation drove string 2640 return towards top dead center position, with compression and the igniting that is used for next air inlet.
Figure 27 A is to use the local excision isometric view of duplex synchromesh gear 2728 from the radial impulse engine 2700 of a plurality of string 2740a-f transmission power.Figure 27 B is the cross-sectional view that passes wrist axle 2720 interceptings of Figure 27 A.Referring to Figure 27 A and 27B, synchromesh gear 2728 has the channel shape of band inward flange 2730 and outward flange 2731 together.Inward flange 2730 comprises a plurality of internal tooth group 2732a-f that equidistantly separate.Outward flange 2731 comprises a plurality of external tooth group 2733a-f that equidistantly separate similarly.Among the wrist axle 2720a-f each is carried first timing gear 2721 and second timing gear 2722.First timing gear 2721 is configured to mesh with internal tooth group 2732 sequentially, and second timing gear 2722 is configured to mesh with external tooth group 2733 sequentially.
In operation, synchromesh gear 2728 is gone up rotation around engine central shaft 2701 in a direction (for example, clockwise direction).To begin top dead center position from power stroke outside when mobile when string 2740, and internal tooth group 2732 engagements of first timing gear 2721 and synchromesh gear 2728 drive synchromesh gear 2728 whereby in the clockwise direction.When string 2740 arrived bottom dead center position, first timing gear 2721 separated with internal tooth group 2732, and second timing gear 2722 meshes with external tooth group 2733 simultaneously.The momentum of the synchromesh gear 2728 of rotation then inwardly drives string 2740 return towards top dead center position.Therefore, when synchromesh gear 2728 rotated around central shaft 2701, it was receiving power pulse via first timing gear 2721 from string 2740, and replaced between top dead center position drives string 2740 return via second timing gear 2722.Therefore, wrist axle 2720 vibrates back and forth to keep wheel action in the unidirectional rotation of synchromesh gear.
Figure 28 is the isometric view according to the part of the power unit 2805 of the embodiment of the invention, and described power unit 2805 has the first radial impulse engine 2800a that operationally is coupled to the second radial impulse engine 2800b.This embodiment's radial impulse engine 2800 can be similar to one or more in the radial impulse engine of above-detailed at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, the first engine 2800a can comprise a plurality of first string 2840a, and the second engine 2800b can comprise a plurality of second string 2840b.First string 2840a operationally is coupled to the second string 2840b by gear train 2880a-b.
In this specific embodiment, first string 2840a is with respect to the second string 2840b reversing operation.That is to say that when the second string 2840b was in top dead center position, first string 2840a was in bottom dead center position.This embodiment's a advantage is that reversing operation can make power unit 2805 that constant or almost constant torque output can be provided.
V. The power unit configuration
Figure 29 is the isometric view according to the part of the power unit 2905 of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.In this embodiment, power unit 2905 comprises the coaxial first radial impulse engine 2900a that is coupled to the second radial impulse engine 2900b.Radial impulse engine 2900 can be similar to one or more in the radial impulse engine of above-detailed at least substantially on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.For instance, the first engine 2900a can comprise a plurality of first string 2940a, and the second engine 2900b can comprise a plurality of second string 2940b.
Yet in this specific embodiment, power unit 2905 further comprises the wrist axle 2920 (individually being denoted as wrist axle 2920a-f) of a plurality of extensions, and it extends through middle plate 2904.The first string 2940a of the wrist axle 2920 carryings first engine 2900a and the second string 2940b of the second engine 2900b.Yet the second string 2940b is reverse with respect to first string 2940a, makes the second engine 2900b with respect to anti-operation circularly of the first engine 2900a.In particular, when wrist axle 2920 rotated in the counterclockwise direction, first string 2940a pivoted towards bottom dead center position from top dead center position, and the second string 2940b inwardly pivots towards top dead center position from bottom dead center position.Referring to what Figure 28 mentioned, this reversing operation can make power unit 2905 that constant or almost constant torque output can be provided as mentioned.
Figure 30 is the partial schematic side view according to the power unit 3005 of further embodiment of this invention configuration.In this embodiment, power unit 3005 comprises the radial impulse engine 3000 (" engine 3 000 ") that operationally is coupled to the first radial compressor 3010a and the second radial compressor 3010b.Compressor 3010 and engine 3 000 coaxial alignment.In addition, each in the compressor 3010 comprises a plurality of strings (not shown), and its wrist axle 3020 (individually being denoted as wrist axle 3020a-f) by extension operationally is coupled to a plurality of corresponding string (also not shown) in the engine 3 000.See below Figure 31 A-31C and describe in more detail, in operation, compressor 3010 is drawn into the air that compresses in the engine 3 000 with the second relative suction port 3031b via the first suction port 3031a.The air of compression is then lighted in engine 3 000 with fuel mix and before by a plurality of relief opening 3030a-f dischargings.
Figure 31 A-31C is a series of plan views of explanation according to the method for the power unit 3005 of embodiment of the invention operation Figure 30.At first referring to Figure 31 A, engine 3 000 comprises a plurality of engine strings 3140 of the wrist axle 3020 that operationally is coupled to extension.The first compressor 3010a comprises a plurality of first compressor string 3141a of the wrist axle 3020 that operationally is coupled to extension, and the second compressor 3010b comprises a plurality of second compressor string 3141b of the wrist axle 3020 that operationally is coupled to extension similarly.Compressor string 3141 is reverse with respect to engine string 3140, makes compressor 3010 with respect to anti-operation circularly of engine 3 000.
The operation of power unit 3005 can begin by following action: during illustrated top dead center position, light the air inlet in the engine 3 000 in engine string 3140 is in as Figure 31 A.Burning subsequently outwards drives engine string 3140, thereby impels wrist axle 3020 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction.This wrist axle rotation inwardly drives the compressor string 3141 of first and second compressors 3010 towards top dead center position.When compressor string 3141 moves inward, its drive its separately the air in the chamber enter in the engine 3 000 via first and second suction ports 3031 (Figure 30).In arriving as Figure 31 B, engine string 3140 during illustrated bottom dead center position, allow waste gas via relief opening 3030 (Figure 30) outflow engine 3 000.The air that enters from contiguous compressor 3010 helps waste gas is discharged engine 3 000.
Next referring to Figure 31 C, when engine string 3140 from bottom dead center position when top dead center position moves inward, suction port 3031 (Figure 30) is closed.Therefore, air inlet is compressed in engine 3 000.Simultaneously, the compressor string 3141 of contiguous compressor 3010 from its separately top dead center position outwards shift to bottom dead center position, in this process, new air is drawn into it separately in the firing chamber.At this moment, fuel mixes with air inlet in the engine 3 000 and is lighted, thereby impels above-mentioned circulation to repeat.
Although the invention described above All aspects of are at internal-combustion engine, in other embodiments, others of the present invention can be at the power unit of other type, including (for example) steamer, diesel engine, mixing engine etc.In addition, in other embodiment, others of the present invention can comprise pump (for example, air pump, water pump etc.), compressor etc. at the useful machine of other type.
VI. The radial impulse steamer
Figure 32 A and 32B are the plan views according to the radial impulse steamer 3200 (" steamer 3200 ") of embodiment of the invention configuration.At first referring to Figure 32 A, steamer 3200 comprises a plurality of string 3240a-f, and it is arranged between the first end plate 3204a and the second end plate 3204b movably.Suction valve 3231 is positioned among the first end plate 3204a, and outlet valve 3230 is positioned among the second end plate 3204b.
In operation, suction valve 3231 is opened, and allows steam to enter in the expansion chamber 3203 when string 3240 is in the top dead center position of Figure 32 A.Suction valve 3231 then cuts out along with steam expansion, thereby outwards drives string 3240.Outside when mobile when string 3240, outlet valve 3230 begins to open, thereby allows steam to flow out expansion chamber 3203.When string 3240 arrived the bottom dead center position of Figure 32 B, outlet valve 3230 was opened fully.
When string 3240 begins when bottom dead center position moves inward, outlet valve 3130 begins to close.When string 3240 arrived the top dead center position of Figure 32 A, outlet valve 3230 was closed fully.At this moment, along with suction valve 3231 is opened, circulation repeats, and enters in the expansion chamber 3203 thereby allow new steam to supply with.
Although Figure 32 A and 32B only illustrate single suction valve 3231 and single outlet valve 3230, in other embodiments, the steamer of configuration can comprise one or more suction valves and/or one or more outlet valves according to the present invention.In addition, in another embodiment of the present invention, two steamer that are similar to steamer 3200 on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function at least substantially can instead be coupled circularly so that constant or almost constant torque output to be provided.
Figure 33 A and 33B are the plan views according to the radial impulse steamer 3300 (" steamer 3300 ") of another embodiment of the present invention configuration.Referring to Figure 33 A and 33B, steamer 3300 comprises a plurality of string 3340a-f together, and it is arranged between the first end plate 3304a and the second end plate 3304b movably.Tube 3302 extends around string 3340 between first and second end plate 3304.In this specific embodiment, first suction valve 3331 is positioned at the center of the first end plate 3304a, and a plurality of second suction valve 3333a-f is towards the outer perimeter location of the first end plate 3304a.In addition, a plurality of outlet valve 3330a-f are positioned among the second end plate 3304b, and are approximate equidistant between the outer perimeter of the center of steamer 3300 and the second end plate 3304b.
In operation, first suction valve 3331 is opened, and allows steam to enter in the expansion chamber 3303 when string 3340 is in top dead center position shown in Figure 33 A.First suction valve 3331 then cuts out, thereby allows steam expansion and outwards drive string 3340 towards the bottom dead center position shown in Figure 33 B.When string 3340 moved through outlet valve 3330, outlet valve 3330 was opened, thereby allowed steam to flow out expansion chamber 3303.
When string 3340 arrived bottom dead center position shown in Figure 33 B, second suction valve 3333 was opened, thereby allowed one new steam to enter in the space between the string 3340 and tins 3302.Second suction valve 3333 then cuts out, thereby allows this steam expansion and inwardly drive string 3340 towards the top dead center position of Figure 33 A.When string 3340 moved inward, outlet valve 3330 was closed to avoid contact.When string 3340 arrived the top dead center position of Figure 33 A, outlet valve 3330 was opened once more, thereby allowed the steam under pressure at string 3340 rears to leave.At this moment, along with first suction valve 3331 is opened, circulation repeats, thereby allows one new steam to enter in the expansion chamber 3303.
To understand from above content, this paper has described specific embodiment of the present invention for purpose of explanation, but can make various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For instance, the each side of describing under the situation of specific embodiment of the present invention can be combined or get rid of in other embodiments.In addition, though described the advantage that is associated with specific embodiment of the present invention under those embodiments' situation, other embodiment also can show this type of advantage, and is not that all embodiments all must show this type of advantage to be in the scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is only limited by appended claims.

Claims (99)

1. engine, it comprises:
First end wall portion;
Second end wall portion, itself and described first end wall portion are spaced apart to define the pressure chamber to small part betwixt;
The first removable wall section, it operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with first pivotal interval; And
The second removable wall section, it operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described first removable wall section, the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with second pivotal interval, the described second removable wall section further has barrel surface, described barrel surface is at least partially in extending between described second remote edge part and described second pivot, and described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly is configured to only pivot back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section only slides when described second pivot pivots between stop and the lower dead center thereon back and forth and crosses the described barrel surface of the described second removable wall section at the described first removable wall section.
2. engine according to claim 1, the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section is parallel to described second pivot.
3. engine according to claim 1, wherein said first and second pivots are fixed with respect to described first and second end wall portion.
4. engine according to claim 1, wherein said first and second pivots extend through described first and second end wall portion.
5. engine according to claim 1, the wherein said first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
6. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises synchromesh gear, described synchromesh gear operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section with the described first removable wall section.
7. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, the wherein said first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd removable wall section, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second and the 3rd removable wall section as one man move.
8. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises:
The 3rd removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion; And
Synchromesh gear, it operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd removable wall section with the described first removable wall section.
9. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises:
The 3rd removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion; And
The synchronizing ring generating gear, it operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd removable wall section with the described first removable wall section.
10. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, the described the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd pivot, wherein said first, second defines the circle with first curvature radius with the 3rd pivot, and the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section has radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
11. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises:
The 3rd removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described second removable wall section, and the described the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd pivot;
The 4th removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described the 3rd removable wall section, and the described the 4th removable wall section has the 4th pivot;
The 5th removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described the 4th removable wall section, and the described the 5th removable wall section has the Wushu axle; And
The 6th removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described the 5th removable wall section, the described the 6th removable wall section has the 6th pivot, wherein said the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th and the 6th pivot defines the circle with first curvature radius, and the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section has radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
12. engine according to claim 1, the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section is first barrel surface, and wherein said engine further comprises:
The 3rd removable wall section, it is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described second removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd remote edge part of opening with the 3rd pivotal interval, the described the 3rd removable wall section further has second barrel surface, described second barrel surface is at least partially in extending between described the 3rd remote edge part and described the 3rd pivot, wherein pivot around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section, the described second removable wall section pivots around described second pivot, and when the described the 3rd removable wall section pivots around described the 3rd, described first remote edge of the described first removable wall section partly is configured to slide and crosses described first barrel surface of the described second removable wall section, and described second remote edge of the described second removable wall section partly is configured to slide and crosses described second barrel surface of described the 3rd removable wall section.
13. engine according to claim 1, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section comprises the aperture, and described aperture is configured to allow in air and the air/fuel mixture at least one to enter in the described firing chamber.
14. engine according to claim 1, the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section partly extends to the proximal edge part of the described second removable wall section from described second remote edge of the described second removable wall section, and described second pivot of the wherein said second removable wall section is positioned between described second remote edge part and the described proximal edge part.
15. engine according to claim 1, the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section partly extends to the proximal edge part of the described second removable wall section from described second remote edge of the described second removable wall section, wherein said pressure chamber is that firing chamber and described barrel surface comprise the aperture, described aperture is configured to allow in air and the air/fuel mixture at least one to enter in the described firing chamber, and wherein said aperture is positioned between described second pivot and described proximal edge part of the described second removable wall section.
16. engine according to claim 1, described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly carries Sealing, and described Sealing is configured to pivot and the described second removable wall section slides when described second pivot pivots and crosses the described barrel surface of the described second removable wall section around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section.
17. engine according to claim 1, described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly are configured at partly the slide described barrel surface of the lubricated described second removable wall section when crossing described barrel surface of described first remote edge.
18. engine according to claim 1, it comprises that further wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and described fuel injector is configured to inject fuel in the described firing chamber by the fuel injector of described first end wall portion carrying.
19. engine according to claim 1, it comprises that further wherein said pressure chamber is that firing chamber and described igniter are configured to light the air/fuel mixture in the described firing chamber by the igniter of described first end wall portion carrying.
20. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises the valve that is positioned in described first end wall portion, and wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and described valve is configured to from described firing chamber discharging waste gas.
21. engine according to claim 1, it further comprises the valve that is positioned in described first end wall portion, and wherein said pressure chamber is an expansion chamber, and described valve is configured to allow pressurized vapor to enter in the described expansion chamber.
22. an internal-combustion engine, it comprises:
First end wall portion;
Second end wall portion, itself and described first end wall portion are spaced apart to define the firing chamber to small part betwixt;
The first wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in first pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The second wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in second pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The first removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with described first pivotal interval; And
The second removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle, the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with described second pivotal interval, the described second removable wall section further has barrel surface, described barrel surface is at least partially in extending between described second remote edge part and described second pivot, and described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly is configured to only pivot back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described first pivot and the described second wrist axle only slides when described second pivot pivots between stop and the lower dead center thereon back and forth and crosses the described barrel surface of the described second removable wall section at the described first wrist axle.
23. engine according to claim 22, the wherein said first wrist axle operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
24. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises synchromesh gear, described synchromesh gear operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, makes the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
25. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises the synchronizing ring generating gear, described synchronizing ring generating gear operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
26. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises:
First timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle;
Second timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle; And
The synchronizing ring generating gear, it operationally meshes described first and second timing gear, makes the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
27. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in the 3rd pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle; And
Synchromesh gear, it operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, makes the described first removable wall section and the described second and the 3rd removable wall section as one man move.
28. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in the 3rd pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle; And
Synchromesh gear, it operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, and wherein said first, second defines circle with the 3rd pivot, and wherein said synchromesh gear is configured to the axle rotation around the center that extends through described circle.
29. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises the crankshaft that operationally is coupled to the described at least first wrist axle, and wherein said crankshaft is configured to unidirectional rotation when the described first removable wall section pivots around described first pivot.
30. engine according to claim 22, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in the 3rd pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion; And
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle, wherein said first, second defines the circle with first curvature radius with the 3rd pivot, and the described barrel surface of the wherein said second removable wall section has radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
31. an internal-combustion engine, it comprises:
The firing chamber;
The first removable wall section, it is positioned near the described firing chamber, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with first pivotal interval;
The second removable wall section, it is positioned near the described firing chamber, the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with second pivotal interval, the described second removable wall section further has barrel surface, and described barrel surface is at least partially in extending between described second remote edge part and described second pivot;
Be used for fuel is introduced the member of described firing chamber; And
Be used for lighting the member of the described fuel of described firing chamber, described first remote edge part of impelling the described first removable wall section whereby only pivots between stop and the lower dead center around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section only slides when described second pivot pivots between stop and the lower dead center thereon back and forth and crosses the described barrel surface of the described second removable wall section thereon back and forth at the described first removable wall section.
32. internal-combustion engine according to claim 31, it further comprises the member that is used for from described firing chamber discharging waste gas.
33. internal-combustion engine according to claim 31, it further comprises the mobile synchronous member that is used to make described first and second removable wall section.
34. internal-combustion engine according to claim 31, it further comprises and is used for making the reverse member of described first and second removable wall section at described first and second removable wall section when pivot outwards pivots separately around it.
35. internal-combustion engine according to claim 31, it further comprises the member that rotatablely moves that is used for the pivot movement of described first and second removable wall section is converted to the crankshaft that is associated.
36. internal-combustion engine according to claim 31, wherein said being used for comprises aperture in the described first removable wall section with the member that fuel is introduced described firing chamber.
37. an engine, it comprises:
First end wall portion;
Second end wall portion, itself and described first end wall portion are spaced apart to define the pressure chamber to small part betwixt;
The first removable wall section, it operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with first pivotal interval; And
The second removable wall section, it operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described first removable wall section, the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with second pivotal interval, the described second removable wall section further has the aperture, described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly is configured to only pivot back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section when only pivoting back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described second pivot at the described first removable wall section, slides and crosses described aperture in the described second removable wall section.
38. according to the described engine of claim 37, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and wherein partly slide when crossing described aperture in the described second removable wall section at described first remote edge of the described first removable wall section, at least one in air and the air/fuel mixture flows in the described firing chamber by described aperture.
39. according to the described engine of claim 37, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and wherein partly slide when crossing aperture in the described second removable wall section at described first remote edge of the described first removable wall section, waste gas flows out described firing chamber by described aperture.
40. according to the described engine of claim 37, the wherein said second removable wall section further comprises barrel surface, described barrel surface partly and between described second pivot extends at least partially in described second remote edge, and wherein said aperture is positioned on the described barrel surface.
41. according to the described engine of claim 37, wherein said second pivot is positioned between the proximal edge part of described second remote edge part of the described second removable wall section and the described second removable wall section, and wherein said aperture is positioned between the described proximal edge part and described second pivot of the described second removable wall section.
42. according to the described engine of claim 37, it comprises that further the first wrist axle that is configured to around described first pivot pivots centers on the second wrist axle that described second pivot pivots with being configured to, and the wherein said first removable wall section is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle and the described second removable wall section is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle.
43. according to the described engine of claim 37, it further comprises fixing pivot pin, described fixing pivot pin is at least partially in extending along described first pivot between described first and second end wall portion, and the wherein said first removable wall section is coupled to described fixing pivot pin pivotally.
44. according to the described engine of claim 37, the wherein said first removable wall section comprises the barrel surface that is configured to be generally oriented at least described firing chamber, and wherein when the described first removable wall section pivoted around described first pivot, described barrel surface remained parallel to described first pivot.
45. according to the described engine of claim 37, the wherein said first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section, makes the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
46. according to the described engine of claim 37, the wherein said first removable wall section further comprises the barrel surface with first curvature radius, and wherein said engine further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described second removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd pivot, wherein said first, the second and the 3rd pivot defines the circle with radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
47. according to the described engine of claim 37, described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly carries Sealing, and described Sealing is configured to center on the surface of sliding and crossing the described second removable wall section when described second pivot pivots at the described first removable wall section around described first pivot pivot and the described second removable wall section.
48. an internal-combustion engine, it comprises:
First end wall portion;
Second end wall portion, itself and described first end wall portion are spaced apart to define the firing chamber to small part betwixt;
The first wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in first pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The second wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in second pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The first removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with described first pivotal interval; And
The second removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle, the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with described second pivotal interval, the described second removable wall section further has the aperture, and described first remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly is configured to only pivot back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described first pivot and the described second wrist axle only slides when described second pivot pivots between stop and the lower dead center thereon back and forth and crosses described aperture at the described first wrist axle.
49. according to the described engine of claim 48, wherein partly slide when crossing described aperture in the described second removable wall section at described first remote edge of the described first removable wall section, at least one in air and the air/fuel mixture flows in the described firing chamber by described aperture.
50. according to the described engine of claim 48, the wherein said second removable wall section further comprises barrel surface, described barrel surface partly and between described second pivot extends at least partially in described second remote edge, and wherein said aperture is positioned on the described barrel surface.
51. according to the described engine of claim 48, the wherein said first wrist axle operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
52. according to the described engine of claim 48, it further comprises synchromesh gear, described synchromesh gear operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
53. according to the described engine of claim 48, it further comprises:
First timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle;
Second timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle; And
Synchromesh gear, it operationally meshes described first and second timing gear, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move.
54. according to the described engine of claim 48, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in the 3rd pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle; And
The synchronizing ring generating gear, it operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, wherein said first, second and the 3rd pivot define circle, and wherein said synchronizing ring generating gear is configured to, and the axle around the center that extends through described circle rotates when the described first removable wall section and the described second and the 3rd removable wall section are as one man mobile.
55. according to the described engine of claim 48, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in the 3rd pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion;
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle; And
The synchronizing ring generating gear, it operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, wherein said first, second defines circle with the 3rd pivot, and wherein said synchronizing ring generating gear is configured to pivot back and forth around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section, and the described second removable wall section centers on the axle that centers on the center that extends through described circle when described second pivot pivots back and forth and the described the 3rd removable wall section pivots back and forth around described the 3rd pivot and pivots back and forth.
56. according to the described engine of claim 48, it further comprises the crankshaft that operationally is coupled to the described at least first wrist axle, wherein said crankshaft is configured to unidirectional rotation when the described first removable wall section pivots around described first pivot.
57. according to the described engine of claim 48, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is configured to around pivoting at least partially in the 3rd pivot that extends between described first and second end wall portion; And
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle, wherein said first, second defines the circle with first curvature radius with the 3rd pivot, and the wherein said second removable wall section further comprises the barrel surface with radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
58. an internal-combustion engine, it comprises:
The firing chamber;
The first removable wall section, it is positioned near the described firing chamber, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with first pivotal interval;
The second removable wall section, it is positioned near the described firing chamber, and the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with second pivotal interval, and the described second removable wall section further has the aperture;
Be used for fuel is introduced the member of described firing chamber; And
Be used for lighting the member of the described fuel of described firing chamber, described first remote edge part of impelling the described first removable wall section whereby only pivots between stop and the lower dead center around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section only slides when described second pivot pivots between stop and the lower dead center thereon back and forth and crosses described aperture in the described second removable wall section thereon back and forth at the described first removable wall section.
59. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 58, it further comprises and is used for making air pass through the member that described aperture flows into described firing chamber around the outside pivot of described first pivot and the described second removable wall section at the described first removable wall section when described second pivot outwards pivots.
60. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 58, it further comprises the member that is used for from described firing chamber discharging waste gas.
61. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 58, it further comprises the mobile synchronous member that is used to make described first and second removable wall section.
62. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 58, it further comprises and is used for making the reverse member of described first and second removable wall section at described first and second removable wall section when pivot outwards pivots separately around it.
63. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 58, it further comprises:
Crankshaft; And
Be used for the pivot movement of described first and second removable wall section is converted to the member that rotatablely moves of described crankshaft.
64. an engine, it comprises:
First end wall portion;
Second end wall portion, itself and described first end wall portion are spaced apart to define the pressure chamber to small part betwixt;
The first removable wall section, it operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, and the described first removable wall section can and have the first surface that is generally oriented to described pressure chamber at least around first pivot pivot;
The second removable wall section, it operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is adjacent to the described first removable wall section, and the described second removable wall section can and have the second surface that is generally oriented to described pressure chamber at least around second pivot pivot; And
Synchronizer, it operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section with the described first removable wall section, only pivot back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section when only pivoting back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described second pivot at the described first removable wall section, described lazy-tongs impel the described first and second removable walls as one man to move.
65. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, and wherein said synchronizer operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd removable wall section with the described first removable wall section.
66. according to the described engine of claim 64, wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, described gear operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section with the described first removable wall section.
67. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, and wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, and described gear operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd removable wall section with the described first removable wall section.
68. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises:
The first wrist axle, it is configured to pivot around described first pivot; And
The second wrist axle, it is configured to pivot around described second pivot, the wherein said first removable wall section is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle and the described second removable wall section is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle, and wherein said synchronizer operationally meshes described first and second wrist axle.
69. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises:
The first wrist axle, it is configured to pivot around described first pivot;
The second wrist axle, it is configured to pivot around described second pivot;
First timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle; And
Second timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle, the wherein said first removable wall section is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle and the described second removable wall section is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle, and wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, and described gear operationally meshes described first and second timing gear.
70. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, the described the 3rd removable wall section can pivot around the 3rd pivot, wherein said first, second defines circle with the 3rd pivot, and wherein said synchronizer comprises ring gear, and described ring gear is configured to the axle rotation around the center that extends through described circle.
71. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises:
The first wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described first removable wall section and is configured to and pivots around described first pivot;
The second wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described second removable wall section and is configured to and pivots around described second pivot;
The 3rd wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the 3rd removable wall section and is configured to and pivots around the 3rd pivot;
First timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle;
Second timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle; And
The 3rd timing gear, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle, wherein said first, second and the 3rd pivot define circle, and wherein said synchronizer comprises ring gear, and described ring gear is configured to the axle rotation around the center that extends through described circle.
72. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises:
The first wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described first removable wall section and is configured to and pivots around described first pivot;
The second wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described second removable wall section and is configured to and pivots around described second pivot; And
Crankshaft, wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, described gear operationally meshes described first wrist axle and the described second wrist axle, and wherein said crankshaft operationally is coupled to described gear, and is configured to pivot and the unidirectional rotation when pivoting around described second pivot of the described second removable wall section around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section.
73. according to the described engine of claim 64, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, the described the 3rd removable wall section can pivot around the 3rd pivot, wherein said first, second defines the circle with first curvature radius with the 3rd pivot, and the described second surface of the wherein said second removable wall section has radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
74. according to the described engine of claim 64, the wherein said first removable wall section further comprises the first remote edge part of opening with described first pivotal interval, and wherein said first remote edge partly is configured to pivot and the described second removable wall section slides when described second pivot pivots and crosses the described second surface of the described second removable wall section around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section.
75. according to the described engine of claim 64, the wherein said first removable wall section further comprises the remote edge part of opening with described first pivotal interval, and the described remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly carries Sealing, and described Sealing is configured to pivot and the described second removable wall section slides when described second pivot pivots and crosses the described second surface of the described second removable wall section around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section.
76. according to the described engine of claim 64, the wherein said first removable wall section further comprises the remote edge part of opening with described first pivotal interval, and the described remote edge of the wherein said first removable wall section partly is configured at partly the slide described second surface of the lubricated described second removable wall section when crossing described second surface of described remote edge.
77. according to the described engine of claim 64, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and the wherein said second removable wall section comprises the aperture, described aperture is configured to allow in air and the air/fuel mixture at least one to enter in the described firing chamber.
78. according to the described engine of claim 64, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and wherein said engine further comprises fuel injector, described fuel injector is configured to inject fuel in the described firing chamber.
79. according to the described engine of claim 64, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and wherein said engine further comprises igniter, described igniter is configured to light the air/fuel mixture in the described firing chamber.
80. according to the described engine of claim 64, wherein said pressure chamber is the firing chamber, and wherein said engine further comprises valve, described valve is configured to from described firing chamber discharging waste gas.
81. according to the described engine of claim 64, wherein said pressure chamber is an expansion chamber, and wherein said engine further comprises valve, described valve is configured to allow pressurized vapor to enter in the described expansion chamber.
82. an internal-combustion engine, it comprises:
First end wall portion;
Second end wall portion, itself and described first end wall portion are spaced apart to define the firing chamber to small part betwixt;
The first wrist axle, it is at least partially in extending along first pivot between described first and second end wall portion;
The second wrist axle, it is at least partially in extending along second pivot between described first and second end wall portion;
The first removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle and has the first surface that is generally oriented to described firing chamber at least;
The second removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle and has the second surface that is generally oriented to described firing chamber at least; And
Synchronizer, it operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle with the described first wrist axle, only pivot back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section when only pivoting back and forth between stop and the lower dead center thereon around described second pivot at the described first removable wall section, described lazy-tongs impel the described first and second removable walls as one man to move.
83. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, and described gear operationally is coupled to the described second wrist axle with the described first wrist axle.
84. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion and is fixedly attached to the 3rd wrist axle, and wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, and described gear operationally is coupled to the described second and the 3rd wrist axle with the described first wrist axle.
85. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, it further comprises:
First timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described first wrist axle; And
Second timing gear, it is fixedly attached to the described second wrist axle, and wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, and described gear operationally meshes described first and second timing gear.
86. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, it further comprises:
The 3rd wrist axle, it is at least partially in extending along the 3rd pivot between described first and second end wall portion; And
The 3rd removable wall section, it is fixedly attached to described the 3rd wrist axle and has the 3rd surface that is generally oriented to described firing chamber at least, wherein said first, second defines circle with the 3rd pivot, and wherein said synchronizer comprises ring gear, and described ring gear is configured to the axle rotation around the center that extends through described circle.
87. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, it further comprises crankshaft, wherein said synchronizer comprises gear, described gear operationally meshes described first wrist axle and the described second wrist axle, and wherein said crankshaft operationally is coupled to described gear and is configured to and pivots and the unidirectional rotation when pivoting around described second pivot of the described second removable wall section around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section.
88. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, it further comprises the 3rd removable wall section, the described the 3rd removable wall section operationally is arranged between described first and second end wall portion, the described the 3rd removable wall section can pivot around the 3rd pivot, wherein said first, second defines the circle with first curvature radius with the 3rd pivot, and the described second surface of the wherein said second removable wall section has radius of second curvature, and described radius of second curvature is approximately equal to described first curvature radius at least.
89. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, the wherein said first removable wall section further comprises the first remote edge part of opening with described first pivotal interval, and wherein said first remote edge partly is configured to pivot and the described second removable wall section slides when described second pivot pivots and crosses the described second surface of the described second removable wall section around described first pivot at the described first removable wall section.
90. 2 described engines according to Claim 8, the wherein said second removable wall section comprises the aperture, and described aperture is configured to allow in air and the air/fuel mixture at least one to enter in the described firing chamber.
91. an internal-combustion engine, it comprises:
The firing chamber;
The first removable wall section, it is positioned near the described firing chamber, and the described first removable wall section has the first remote edge part of opening with first pivotal interval;
The second removable wall section, it is positioned near the described firing chamber, and the described second removable wall section has the second remote edge part of opening with second pivotal interval;
Be used for the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the member of the described second removable wall section, so that the described first removable wall section and the described second removable wall section as one man move;
Be used for fuel is introduced the member of described firing chamber; And
Be used for lighting the member of the described fuel of described firing chamber, described first remote edge part of impelling the described first removable wall section whereby only pivots between stop and the lower dead center around described first pivot and the described second removable wall section only slides when described second pivot pivots between stop and the lower dead center thereon back and forth and crosses the described second removable wall section thereon back and forth at the described first removable wall section.
92. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, the wherein said member that is used for the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall comprises gear part.
93. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, it further comprises:
The first wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described first removable wall section; And
The second wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described second removable wall section, wherein said be used for the member that the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall comprised be used for member that the described first wrist axle and the described second wrist axle are operationally meshed.
94. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, it further comprises:
The first wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described first removable wall section; And
The second wrist axle, it is fixedly attached to the described second removable wall section, wherein said be used for the member that the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall comprised be used for the described first wrist axle and described second wrist axle meshed gears member operationally.
95. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, it further comprises near the 3rd removable wall section that is positioned at the described firing chamber, the described the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd remote edge part of opening with the 3rd pivotal interval, wherein said be used for the member that the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section comprised be used for the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to described second and the member of the 3rd removable wall section.
96. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, it further comprises near the 3rd removable wall section that is positioned at the described firing chamber, the described the 3rd removable wall section has the 3rd remote edge part of opening with the 3rd pivotal interval, wherein said first, second forms circle with the 3rd pivot, and the wherein said member that is used for the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section comprises ring gear, and described ring gear is configured to the center rotation around described circle.
97. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, it further comprises the member that is used for from described firing chamber discharging waste gas.
98. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, wherein said be used for the member that the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section comprised be used for when the described first and second removable wall sections outwards pivot, making the reverse member of the described first and second removable wall sections.
99. according to the described internal-combustion engine of claim 91, it further comprises crankshaft, the wherein said member that is used for the described first removable wall section operationally is coupled to the described second removable wall section operationally is coupled to described crankshaft.
CN2006800219309A 2005-04-29 2006-04-28 Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation Expired - Fee Related CN101198779B (en)

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US67601705P 2005-04-29 2005-04-29
US60/676,017 2005-04-29
US71963105P 2005-09-21 2005-09-21
US60/719,631 2005-09-21
PCT/US2006/016304 WO2006119036A2 (en) 2005-04-29 2006-04-28 Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation

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FR3008134B1 (en) * 2013-07-04 2015-07-24 Edouard Patrick Marie Xavier Bonnefous THERMAL MOTOR WITH TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION, WITH LOUVOYANT AND IMBRIC PISTONS AND COMPACT CHAMBER

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