CN101195876A - Technique of preparing novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material and special equipment thereof - Google Patents
Technique of preparing novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material and special equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101195876A CN101195876A CNA2007100544852A CN200710054485A CN101195876A CN 101195876 A CN101195876 A CN 101195876A CN A2007100544852 A CNA2007100544852 A CN A2007100544852A CN 200710054485 A CN200710054485 A CN 200710054485A CN 101195876 A CN101195876 A CN 101195876A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process and the special equipment thereof for novel grain intensifying aluminum radical composite material. The melting and mixing process of the preparation method are performed in a body-connected sealing equipment, the aluminum matrix alloy is added through a charging opening of a melting pool, after the aluminum matrix alloy is melted, a valve at the bottom part of the melting pool is opened, the melted liquid state aluminum matrix alloy directly flows into the mixing pool, when the liquid level of the mixing pool reaches the defined height, the valve is closed, the pretreated SiC is added through a charging opening at the top part of the mixing pool, a charging rod adopting an aluminum casing as covering material is adopted when material is charged, as the aluminum casing of the charging rod is melted, the SiC is melted in the aluminum matrix alloy, then the material is sent into the die assembly through a discharging pump, and directly made into billet material or a product. In the invention, the melting and the mixing are effectively combined, the system of melting pool and mixing pool is simplified, the structure is simple, the controlling is simple, the cost is reasonably reduced, the content of the silicon carbide grain in the aluminum radical composite material of the product is stable and uniformly distributed, and the whole performance of the aluminum radical composite material is enhanced.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology and equipment of metal-base composites, particularly relate to a kind of preparation technology and specific equipment thereof of aluminum matrix composite.
Two, background technology:
Metal-base composites has high specific tenacity, specific modulus and specific rigidity, good high-temperature performance and wear resistance, dimensional stabilizing, a series of performance advantages such as thermal expansivity is little and can adjust.Present this material particularly wherein aluminum matrix composite is applied in industrial aspect such as aerospace, military project, the energy, automobiles.From development trend, the range of application of this material can transform to general industry and civilian direction from be applied as the master with high-tech area along with the continuous maturation of its technology of preparing and the continuous decline of cost.
In fact, the major cause of restriction aluminum matrix composite widespread use is the needs that the technology of preparing of this material is difficult to satisfy scale operation, so the development of the technology of material preparation is the key that addresses this problem with breaking through.The method of preparation comprises squeeze casting method, powder metallurgic method and liquid paddling process etc. at present, analyze from these manufacture method, squeeze casting method is difficult to the volume fraction control ratio of wild phase, and technological process more complicated, be difficult to adapt to the needs of scale operation, common powder metallurgic method is owing to be at solid-state compacted under, the shape of product is subjected to certain restriction, nor being beneficial to scale operation, the main difficulty that liquid paddling process faced then is the problem of wild phase distributing homogeneity.And the performance of metal-base composites depends on the distribution situation of wild phase in matrix wherein to a great extent, has only when wild phase and just can play best reinforced effects during uniform distribution in matrix.In this sense, the breakthrough aspect material preparation technology makes it can satisfy need of industrial production, is to make this material obtain the prerequisite of further using, thereby has crucial meaning.
At present; the preparation technology's equipment that strengthens cast aluminum base composite material for the SiC particle mainly is to adopt following two kinds of technologies: first kind of technology; by shielding gas the SiC particle is blown into the mixing pit bottom, under the effect of whipping appts, SiC particle and aluminium base mother metal combine.The shortcoming of this technology is the rising along with shielding gas, and small bubbles are attached on the SiC particle, floats to liquid level, forms a certain amount of scum silica frost, and has reduced the content of SiC particle in matrix material.In addition, in churned mechanically process, the SiC particle not exclusively contacts with aluminium base mother metal, causes the SiC size distribution inhomogeneous, directly influences the mechanical property of matrix material.Second kind of technology, employing is fed in raw material under vacuum condition and is cast, and cost is fit to small serial production than higher comparatively speaking, can't realize suitability for industrialized production.More than two kinds of technologies a common feature is arranged, all be that to adopt with concise aluminium base mother metal be melt, the fusing of aluminium ingot and mixing process are carried out in separate equipment respectively.Therefore, the corresponding raising of production cost.
The height of Composite Preparation level directly has influence on the quality of composite property and the height of matrix material cost.Strengthen and to cause the matrix alloy changes of microstructure after the body particle joins aluminium alloy, the performance of alloy is changed.The aluminum matrix composite mechanical property looks preparation technology, strengthen body kind, size and volume fraction, matrix alloy and process of thermal treatment is different and there is some difference.Therefore, developing or select for use new low-cost strongthener, development low-cost manufacturing process, is the effective way that reduces price, the application of promotion development metal-base composites engineering.
Publication number is the patent of invention of CN1932053A, discloses a kind of industrial preparation process of aluminum matrix composite, and this method is directly mixed aluminium powder and silicon-carbide particle material, obtains product through the heating casting again.Compare with the present invention, molten metal is easily oxidized in this art production process, and silicon-carbide particle material skewness therein, directly influences the performance and the quality of material.
Three, summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the preparation method of the novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material that a kind of silicon-carbide particle material is evenly distributed, production cost is low is provided, a kind of specific equipment of simple in structure, control makes things convenient for, cuts down the number of intermediate links, production efficiency is high this aluminum matrix composite of production also is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material of the present invention comprises fusing and mixing process, and preparation process is carried out under the environment of shielding gas, and fusing and mixing process are carried out in the equipment of airtight disjunctor, and concrete steps are as follows,
(1) charging opening of aluminium substrate alloy by melting pool added, it accounts for 70～90% of raw material cumulative volume, and with the aluminium substrate alloy fusing, the melting pool temperature is controlled at and is higher than 50 ℃ of aluminum substrate melting point metals, and keeps this homo(io)thermism in melting pool,
(2) open the valve of melting pool bottom, the liquid aluminium matrix alloy of fusing flows directly into mixing pit, closes described valve after the mixing pit liquid level reaches specified altitude,
(3) from the charging opening at mixing pit top add mean particle size be 5～14 μ m through pretreated SiC, adopting aluminum hull when reinforced is the charge bar that adds of lapping, the SiC volume that adds accounts for 10～30% of raw material cumulative volume, along with the fusing SiC that adds the charge bar aluminum hull fuses in the aluminium substrate alloy, restir 0.5～1h, stirring velocity is 600～1000r/min, and the SiC uniform particles is distributed in the aluminium substrate alloy of fusing
(4) by discharging pump material is delivered in the mould then, directly made blank or be cast into product.
The described aluminium substrate alloy trade mark adopts 6061 matrix alloies, and its chemical ingredients is Al-1Mg-0.6Si, also can adopt other aluminium alloys, as 2A12.High-load alloy has lower liquidus line, has so just reduced the reaction power between the aluminium and carbon in the recombination process, avoids the infringement of surface reaction product to mechanical property.
Silicon carbide strengthens item and joins and work to improve wear-resisting, heat-resisting, intensity and modulus in the metal.The pre-treatment of SiC particulate is the condition lower surface oxide treatment at 750～1050 ℃ * (0.5～1) h, makes the objectionable impurities removal of at high temperature volatilizing, or the surface oxidation takes place forms pure stable SiO in pyroprocess
2And SiO
2Can following reaction: 2Al+Mg+2SiO take place with AL and the Mg in the matrix
2→ MgAL
2O
4+ 2Si, MgAl
2O
4Generation help improving the wettability of particle and matrix, thereby prevent AL
4C
3Harmful interfacial phase.The two can not react SiC in solid-state Al, but in liquid aluminium SiC be have active, can with aluminium take place following reaction: 3SiC (Gu)+4Al (liquid) → Al
4C
3(Gu)+3Si (Gu), the starting temperature of above-mentioned reaction is 800 ℃, and along with the rising reaction of temperature is violent further, so should strict temperature and the recombination time of controlling mixing pit.
Shielding gas in the preparation process is argon gas or nitrogen, or is the gas mixture of the two, prevents deposite metal oxidation and air-breathing in recombination process.
In addition, for improving the wettability and the grain refining of matrix alloy, can add rare earth element antimony Sb, titanium Ti or lithium Li when adding aluminium substrate alloy.
The used specific equipment of the preparation method of described novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material contains melting pool, mixing pit, heating unit, whipping appts, gas shield device, drawing mechanism and controller, described melting pool and mixing pit are the body-lined type structure, cavity longitudinal subdivision by a upper end open forms, body wall lower end between the two is provided with communicating aperture, this communicating aperture place is provided with opening/shutting valve, described cavity is arranged in the uncovered housing, and be provided with heating unit between described cavity and the uncovered housing, described uncovered housing upper end is provided with end cap, the described end cap of described melting pool top is provided with matrix alloy charge cavity and sealing cover, the described end cap of described mixing pit top is provided with silicon carbide charge cavity and sealing cover, be respectively arranged with whipping appts in the described mixing pit, drawing mechanism and grasshopper, and the engine of whipping appts, the engine of drawing mechanism is connected with controller respectively with the inductor block of grasshopper; The ventpipe of described gas shield device runs through described uncovered housing upper end and is communicated with the inner chamber of described melting pool and mixing pit.
Described whipping appts contains engine, stir shaft and stirring lodicule, and wherein stir shaft runs through described end cap, and its upper end is connected with engine, and the middle part is connected with the stirring lodicule with the bottom.Described stirring lodicule is two-layer, and the diameter of the diameter of lodicule less than lower floor's stirring lodicule stirred on the upper strata.
Be provided with attemperator between described heating unit and the described uncovered housing, and heating unit is provided with temperature controller, this temperature controller is connected with described controller.
Described opening/shutting valve is rotary control valve or lift control valve, and described end cap is run through in its control stick upper end; Described matrix alloy charge cavity is the vertical shaft type, is convenient to the adding of matrix alloy and the collection of scum silica frost.
Engine can adopt buncher, its speed adjustable range 0～1000r/min, and engine also can adopt the combination of motor and speed reducer as required.Effectively mechanical stirring makes particle and matrix metal liquid uniform mixing, makes liquid metal flow through particle surface with high velocity of shear under intensive stirs, and can effectively improve metal and particulate wettability.The main shaft of agitator is selected stainless steel (high temperature steel) for use, and blade is selected titanium metal for use.
The positive beneficial effect that the present invention has:
(1) preparation method of the present invention adopts silicon carbide to strengthen to join in the aluminium alloy, can play that raising is wear-resisting, heat-resisting, intensity and modulus; Through surface oxidation treatment, make objectionable impurities removals of at high temperature volatilizing, or surface generation oxidation forms pure stable SiO in pyroprocess before simultaneously the SiC particle adds
2And SiO
22Al+Mg+2SiO takes place with Al and Mg in the matrix
2→ MgAl
2O
4The reaction of+2Si, MgAl
2O
4Generation will help improving the wettability of particle and matrix, and prevent Al
4C
3Harmful interfacial phase.In addition, the Heating temperature of melting pool is constant, will matrix metal insulation then after the fusing, and temperature of fusion be controlled at be higher than 50 ℃ of matrix metal fusing points, can avoid the generation of detrimental impurity.
(2) melting pool of the present invention and mixing pit the two be connected as a single entity, simplified melting pool and mixing pit system, simple in structure, control is convenient, cuts down the number of intermediate links, and rationally reduces cost.
(3) the present invention adopts unique charging system, its matrix alloy charging opening is the vertical shaft type, its borehole wall and liquid level form enclosed space, be convenient to the collection with scum silica frost of adding of matrix alloy, simultaneously prevent that effectively gas from entering melting pool, also avoid producing bubble, guarantee the content of SiC particle in aluminum matrix composite.
(4) the present invention adopts double-deck reducing agitating vane, because the diameter difference of two-layer lodicule, the border line speed of two-layer lodicule is just inconsistent, the stirring curve that is produced is also just different, and the upper strata lodicule remedies the weak tendency district that lower floor's lodicule forms, thereby makes stirring more evenly, fully, therefore, can make the SiC particle well with aluminium base mother metal uniform mixing, the SiC size distribution is more even, improves the overall performance of aluminum matrix composite.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the used specific equipment of the preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material.
Five, embodiment:
Embodiment one, referring to Fig. 1, among the figure, the melting pool 3 of the specific equipment that the preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material is used and mixing pit 6 are the body-lined type structure, they are formed by cavity 2 longitudinal subdivisions of a upper end open, body wall lower end between the two is provided with communicating aperture, this communicating aperture place is provided with opening/shutting valve 4, cavity 2 is arranged in the uncovered housing 5, and be provided with heating unit 8 and attemperator 1 between cavity 2 and the uncovered housing 5, uncovered housing 5 upper ends are provided with end cap 14, the end cap 14 of melting pool 3 tops is provided with matrix alloy charge cavity 13 and sealing cover, the end cap 14 of mixing pit 6 tops is provided with silicon carbide charge cavity 12 and sealing cover, be respectively arranged with whipping appts 11 in the mixing pit 6, drawing mechanism 10 and grasshopper 7, and the engine of whipping appts 11, the inductor block of the engine of drawing mechanism 10 and grasshopper 7 is connected with controller 9 respectively, so that realize control; The ventpipe of gas shield device 15 runs through uncovered housing 5 upper ends and is communicated with the inner chamber of melting pool 3 and mixing pit 6.
Opening/shutting valve 4 is rotary control valve or lift control valve, and its control stick upper end is run through end cap 14 backs and is connected with operation handle arm; Matrix alloy charge cavity 13 is the vertical shaft type, and its borehole wall and liquid level form enclosed space, are convenient to the adding of matrix alloy and the collection of scum silica frost.
Engine can adopt buncher, its speed adjustable range 0～1000r/min, and engine also can adopt the combination of motor and speed reducer as required.Effectively mechanical stirring makes particle and matrix metal liquid uniform mixing, makes liquid metal flow through particle surface with high velocity of shear under intensive stirs, and can effectively improve metal and particulate wettability.The main shaft of agitator is selected stainless steel (high temperature steel) for use, and blade is selected titanium metal for use.
The preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material comprises fusing and mixing process, and as shielding gas, concrete steps are as follows with argon gas for preparation process,
(1) aluminium substrate alloy adopts 6061, the matrix alloy charge cavity 13 of aluminium substrate alloy by melting pool 3 added, its volume accounts for 70% of raw material cumulative volume, in melting pool 3, aluminium substrate alloy is melted, by controller 9 and heating unit 8 melting pool 3 temperature are controlled at and are higher than 50 ℃ of aluminum substrate melting point metals, and keep this homo(io)thermism
(2) open the opening/shutting valve 4 of melting pool 3 bottoms, the liquid aluminium matrix alloy of fusing flows into mixing pit 6, closes opening/shutting valve 4 after mixing pit 6 liquid levels reach specified altitude,
(3) adding mean particle sizes at mixing pit 6 top silicon carbide charge cavitys 12 is the SiC of 8 μ m, and its volume accounts for 30% of raw material cumulative volume, SiC before adding under the condition of 800 ℃ * 1h through surface oxidation treatment; When adding SiC, adopting aluminum hull is the charge bar that adds of lapping, by charge cavity 12 SiC is sent in the airtight mixing pit 6, and along with the fusing that adds the charge bar aluminum hull, SiC fuses in the aluminium substrate alloy; Restir 0.5h, stirring velocity is 1000r/min, and the SiC uniform particles is distributed in the aluminium substrate alloy,
(4) by drawing mechanism 10 material is delivered in the mould at last, directly made blank.
Embodiment two, basic identical with embodiment one, difference is:
Aluminium substrate alloy adopts 6061, and the volume of aluminium substrate alloy accounts for 90% of raw material cumulative volume, and the mean particle size of SiC is 12 μ m, and the SiC surface oxidation treatment is carried out under the condition of 900 ℃ * 0.8h, and the volume of SiC accounts for 10% of raw material cumulative volume; Churning time is 1h, and stirring velocity is 600r/min, after mould directly is cast as product.All the other contents are with embodiment one.
Embodiment three, basic identical with embodiment one, difference is:
Aluminium substrate alloy adopts 6061, and the volume of aluminium substrate alloy accounts for 80% of raw material cumulative volume, and the volume of SiC accounts for 20% of raw material cumulative volume, and churning time is 0.8h, and stirring velocity is 800r/min.All the other contents are with embodiment one.
Embodiment four, basic identical with embodiment one, difference is:
Aluminium substrate alloy adopts 2A12, and its volume accounts for 85% of raw material cumulative volume, and the volume of SiC accounts for 15% of raw material cumulative volume, and churning time is 0.9h, and stirring velocity is 700r/min.All the other contents are with embodiment one.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material comprises fusing and mixing process, and preparation process is carried out under the environment of shielding gas, it is characterized in that: fusing and mixing process are carried out in the equipment of airtight disjunctor, and concrete steps are as follows,
(1) charging opening of aluminium substrate alloy by melting pool added, it accounts for 70～90% of raw material cumulative volume, and with the aluminium substrate alloy fusing, the melting pool temperature is controlled at and is higher than 50 ℃ of aluminum substrate melting point metals in melting pool, and keeps constant temperature,
(2) open the valve of melting pool bottom, the liquid aluminium matrix alloy of fusing flows directly into mixing pit, closes described valve after the mixing pit liquid level reaches specified altitude,
(3) from the charging opening at mixing pit top add mean particle size be 5～14 μ m through pretreated SiC, adopting aluminum hull when reinforced is the charge bar that adds of lapping, the SiC volume that adds accounts for 10～30% of raw material cumulative volume, along with the fusing SiC that adds the charge bar aluminum hull fuses in the aluminium substrate alloy, restir 0.5～1h, the SiC uniform particles is distributed in the aluminium substrate alloy of fusing
(4) by discharging pump material is delivered in the mould then, directly made blank or be cast into product.
2. the preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described aluminium substrate alloy trade mark is 6061 or 2A12.
3. the preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described SiC pretreatment of particles is to carry out surface oxidation treatment under the condition of 750～1050 ℃ * (0.5～1) h.
4. the preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described protective gas is argon gas or nitrogen, or is the gas mixture of the two.
5. the preparation method of novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the stirring velocity of described stirring is 600～1000r/min.
6. the used specific equipment of the preparation method of the described novel grain reinforced aluminum base composite material of claim 1, contain melting pool, mixing pit, heating unit, whipping appts, gas shield device, drawing mechanism and controller, it is characterized in that: described melting pool and mixing pit are the body-lined type structure, cavity longitudinal subdivision by a upper end open forms, body wall lower end between the two is provided with communicating aperture, this communicating aperture place is provided with opening/shutting valve, described cavity is arranged in the uncovered housing, and be provided with heating unit between described cavity and the uncovered housing, described uncovered housing upper end is provided with end cap, the described end cap of described melting pool top is provided with matrix alloy charge cavity and sealing cover, the described end cap of described mixing pit top is provided with silicon carbide charge cavity and sealing cover, be respectively arranged with whipping appts in the described mixing pit, drawing mechanism and grasshopper, and the engine of whipping appts, the engine of drawing mechanism is connected with controller respectively with the inductor block of grasshopper; The ventpipe of described gas shield device runs through described uncovered housing upper end and is communicated with the inner chamber of described melting pool and mixing pit.
7. specific equipment according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described whipping appts contains engine, stir shaft and stirring lodicule, and wherein stir shaft runs through described end cap, and its upper end is connected with engine, and the middle part is connected with the stirring lodicule with the bottom.
8. specific equipment according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described stirring lodicule is two-layer, and the diameter of the diameter of lodicule less than lower floor's stirring lodicule stirred on the upper strata.
9. specific equipment according to claim 6 is characterized in that: be provided with attemperator between described heating unit and the described uncovered housing, and heating unit is provided with temperature controller, this temperature controller is connected with described controller.
10. according to the arbitrary described specific equipment of claim 6-10, it is characterized in that: described opening/shutting valve is rotary control valve or lift control valve, is connected with maneuvering lever after described end cap is run through in its control stick upper end; Described matrix alloy charge cavity is the vertical shaft type, is convenient to the adding of matrix alloy and the collection of scum silica frost.
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| CNB2007100544852A CN100491553C (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Technique of preparing grain reinforced aluminum base composite material and special equipment thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102925723A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-02-13 | 河南理工大学 | Method for preparing particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite |
| CN103031463A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing nanometer ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite |
| CN104084570A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-08 | 湖南航天机电设备与特种材料研究所 | Vacuum liquid phase air pressure dipping quantitative injection device |
| CN107475551A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-12-15 | 中北大学 | The method that mechanical mixing method prepares aluminum matrix composite |
| CN108165836A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method and device of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
| CN109396401A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波华源精特金属制品有限公司 | A kind of automatic pedal |
| CN113800914A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-17 | 珠海亿特立新材料有限公司 | High-volume-fraction silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114318041A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-12 | 南京理工大学 | SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite bar with size gradient and preparation method thereof |
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2007
- 2007-06-04 CN CNB2007100544852A patent/CN100491553C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102925723A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-02-13 | 河南理工大学 | Method for preparing particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite |
| CN103031463A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing nanometer ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite |
| CN103031463B (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing nanometer ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite |
| CN104084570A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-08 | 湖南航天机电设备与特种材料研究所 | Vacuum liquid phase air pressure dipping quantitative injection device |
| CN104084570B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-01-13 | 湖南航天机电设备与特种材料研究所 | Vacuum liquid phase air pressure dipping quantitative injection device |
| CN107475551A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-12-15 | 中北大学 | The method that mechanical mixing method prepares aluminum matrix composite |
| CN108165836A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method and device of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
| CN109396401A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波华源精特金属制品有限公司 | A kind of automatic pedal |
| CN113800914A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-17 | 珠海亿特立新材料有限公司 | High-volume-fraction silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114318041A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-12 | 南京理工大学 | SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite bar with size gradient and preparation method thereof |
| CN114318041B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-05-28 | 南京理工大学 | SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite bar with size gradient and preparation method thereof |
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| CN100491553C (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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