CN101191699B - Cement residual heat-recovering system and method - Google Patents
Cement residual heat-recovering system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a cement waste heat recovery system which comprises a kiln head waste heat boiler (1), a kiln tail waste heat boiler (2) and a steam turbine (4); the cement waste heat recovery system is provided with a flash evaporator (3); a hot-water inlet (20), a steam outlet (21) and a hot-water outlet (22) are arranged on the flash evaporator (3) and are respectively connected with the boilers (1,2), the steam turbine (4) and a boiler water supply pipeline (25) in turn. The invention also relates to a waste heat recovery method adopted by the system. The invention makes the best of the low level heat energy of the boilers, improves the thermal efficiency of the boilers, ensures that a waste heat generating system can operate safely and stably and improves the relative service factor of the kiln; through flash evaporation on the water, saturated vapour is produced and guided to the steam turbine for auxiliary work to achieve steam filling of the steam turbine and improve the working efficiency of the steam turbine, thereby improving the total efficiency of heat recovery of the generating system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal technology's power, relate to industrial exhaust heat and utilize boiler and steam turbine power generation technology, more particularly, the present invention relates to the cement residual neat recovering system.In addition, the exhaust heat recovering method that the invention still further relates to this system and adopted.
Background technology
Development and application cement heat recovery technology is the important behave of cement industry energy-saving and emission-reduction.In pure low heat cement cogeneration technology R﹠D process, the design of therrmodynamic system is unusual the key link, not only be related on the organic efficiency of system's design to the cement waste heat, and be related to the influence that can system's design adapt to the fluctuation of cement kiln system condition, possess the technical conditions of operation steady in a long-term.
At present, in the known technology of the system of cement waste heat recovery commonly used, single therrmodynamic system and two two kinds of therrmodynamic systems of pressing of pressing are arranged.
Structure, operation principle, characteristics and the existing problems of above-mentioned two kinds of systems briefly introduced and analyze below in conjunction with this Figure of description:
One, single technical scheme of therrmodynamic system of pressing is:
Singly press not filling therrmodynamic system: as shown in Figure 1, the waste heat waste gas of kiln hood, kiln tail carries out heat exchange by kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 (AQC), kiln tail waste heat boiler 2 (PH) respectively, produce and enter steam turbine 4 after superheated steam merges, steam turbine 4 drives generator 5 running generatings.Steam turbine 4 has only one tunnel admission, no filling mouth.The characteristics of this therrmodynamic system are: system constitutes simple; The deficiency of its existence is: heat recovery efficiency is low, and generating capacity is low; The poor stability of system's operation can only satisfy the operation of system with the sacrifice heat recovery efficiency.
Be embodied in:
1, the steam turbine internal efficiency does not have filling mouth, and with the cogeneration level of cement producing line commonly used at present, the steam turbine internal efficiency descends 3.2～4.3% approximately, its generated output decline 300kW～400kW;
2, kiln hood AQC boiler heat exchange efficiency is low, outlet EGT height.Because be subjected to boiler feedwater quantitative limitation (steam flow and confluent basically identical), the feedwater flow of economizer section obviously reduces, and can't absorb waste gas residual heat fully, causes boiler export EGT height, undercapacity;
3, this therrmodynamic system is to the adaptability deficiency of cement kiln, when kiln hood operating mode during than great fluctuation process, because boiler feedwater flow can not increase rapidly to absorb waste-gas heat, cause that the economizer exit temperature surpasses the saturation temperature under the feed pressure, the feed-water flashing phenomenon occurs, cause feedwater to be obstructed, feedwater flow declines to a great extent even interrupts, boiler is forced to blowing out because of lack of water, jeopardizes the security of system's operation.
Two, the technical scheme of two pressure therrmodynamic systems is:
Two pressure filling therrmodynamic systems: as shown in Figure 2, the waste heat waste gas of kiln hood, kiln tail carries out heat exchange by kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 (AQC), kiln tail waste heat boiler 2 (PH) respectively, produce and enter steam turbine 4 after superheated steam merges, steam turbine 4 drives generator 5 running generatings.Different with single pressing system is kiln hood (AQC) boiler is provided with specially one group of evaporimeter and one group of low temperature superheater produce the steam of certain pressure and temperature, be used for the steam turbine filling, so system is provided with two drums, absorb a high position and Lowlevel thermal energy respectively with the working medium of two pressure systems of height.Therefore dual pressure system can be regarded as the stack of two single pressing systems.The characteristics of two pressure therrmodynamic systems are: system constitutes complicated, and the more single pressing system of heat recovery efficiency is slightly high; The deficiency that this system exists is: structure is too complicated; Can only satisfy the stability that system moves to sacrifice heat recovery efficiency equally.Be embodied in:
1, the kiln hood AQC boiler structure complexity of two pressure therrmodynamic systems, heating surface is too much, reaches 5 groups of heat-transfer surfaces on the production line that has, and causes boiler volume and weight to increase, and the boiler windage increases, the pipe arrangement complexity;
2, AQC boiler and PH boiler output reduce.Because the heat exchange area of boiler evaporator increases, cause boiler internal temperature field skewness, when waste gas arrives economizer, temperature has been reduced to lower level, AQC boiler economizer outlet water temperature just can not get improving like this, finally causes the decline of AQC boiler and PH boiler overheating steam flow;
3, the steam parameter used of filling is difficult to stablize.Though the filling pressure and temperature of two pressure boilers is higher, but because the range of temperature of kiln hood waste gas is bigger, generally be designed into furnace temperature ± 40 ℃～60 ℃ between fluctuation, this operating condition will cause frequent the withdrawing from, drop into of filling system, cause complex operation, the actual motion effect further descends, and the influence that the safe operation of steam turbine is caused is bigger simultaneously.
In sum, two kinds of current programmes all can not satisfy the requirement of cement waste heat system to waste heat recovery efficient and system works stability.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of cement residual neat recovering system, its objective is raising system waste heat recovery efficient, guarantees the stability of cement kiln system and afterheat generating system operation.
The objective of the invention is based in the described state of the art of this specification background technology part, adhere to the design concept of " electricity determining by heat; it uses heat to the greatest extent ", reclaim the cement waste heat to greatest extent, not only improve the organic efficiency of waste heat, guarantee the long-term stability operation of cement kiln system and afterheat generating system simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: this cement residual neat recovering system that is provided, comprise kiln hood waste heat boiler, kiln tail waste heat boiler and steam turbine, the generating of Steam Turbine Driven generator operation, in described cement residual neat recovering system, if flash vessel is established hot water inlet, steam (vapor) outlet and hot water outlet on the described flash vessel, and be connected with described boiler, steam turbine and boiler feedwater pipeline respectively successively.
The structure of described flash vessel is the cylindrical container of sealing, be vertically to be provided with in described cement residual neat recovering system, described hot water inlet is arranged on the middle part of flash vessel cylindrical shell, described steam (vapor) outlet is arranged on the top of flash vessel cylindrical shell, and described hot water outlet is arranged on the bottom of flash vessel cylindrical shell.
In the flash vessel cylindrical shell, establish the flash distillation porous plate on the described flash vessel, the tiny through hole of a plurality of diameters that distributes on the described flash distillation porous plate, this plate with described hot water inlet in the flash vessel cylindrical shell oral area and the whole cavity volume of flash vessel separate.
Adopt the cement residual neat recovering system organization plan of single flash vessel to be:
Described hot water inlet, steam (vapor) outlet and hot water outlet with boiler, steam turbine and boiler feedwater pipeline connected mode are: the hot water inlet of described flash vessel is communicated with drum heat exchanging water pipe on described each boiler; The steam (vapor) outlet of described flash vessel is communicated with steam filling mouth on the steam turbine; Described hot water outlet is communicated with boiler feed pipe in the place ahead of boiler feed pump water inlet.
Steam filling mouth on the described steam turbine is between the steam turbine air intake and turbine discharge mouth of steam turbine.
The exhaust heat recovering method of the cement residual neat recovering system of the single flash vessel of above-mentioned employing is:
The HTHP hot water of the economizer exit on the boiler, enter flash vessel by the hot water inlet on pipeline and the flash vessel, behind aperture by the flash distillation porous plate, HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, and the steam filling mouth that steam (vapor) outlet and the pipeline of steam by the flash vessel top enters steam turbine promotes the turbine vane work done; Flash vessel inner chamber bottom hot water relative temperature that do not vaporize and regelation is lower, and hot water outlet and pipeline bottom flash vessel enter the boiler feedwater pipeline, under the effect of boiler feed pump, return therrmodynamic system again, and heat-setting water.
Adopt the cement residual neat recovering system organization plan of two-stage flash device to be:
Described flash vessel comprises one-level flash vessel and two-stage flash device, and the connected mode of its steam circulation is: the hot water inlet on the described one-level flash vessel is communicated with drum heat exchanging water pipe on described each boiler; Hot water outlet on the described one-level flash vessel is communicated with hot water inlet on the two-stage flash device; Hot water outlet on the described two-stage flash device is communicated with boiler feed pipe in the place ahead of boiler feed pump water inlet; Steam (vapor) outlet on described one-level flash vessel and the two-stage flash device all is communicated with the steam filling mouth of steam turbine.
Steam filling mouth on the described steam turbine is between the steam turbine air intake and turbine discharge mouth of steam turbine.And the one-level flash vessel is communicated with the first steam filling mouth; The two-stage flash device is communicated with the second steam filling mouth; The position distribution of two steam filling mouths is for pressing the order of steam turbine air intake on the steam turbine, the first steam filling mouth, the second steam filling mouth turbine discharge mouth to the steam turbine.
The exhaust heat recovering method of the cement residual neat recovering system of above-mentioned employing two-stage flash device is:
The HTHP hot water of the economizer exit on the boiler, enter the one-level flash vessel by the hot water inlet on pipeline and the one-level flash vessel, behind aperture by the flash distillation porous plate, HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, the first steam filling mouth of the close steam turbine air intake that steam (vapor) outlet and the pipeline of steam by one-level flash vessel top enters steam turbine promotes the turbine vane work done; The hot water relative temperature with regelation of the not vaporization of one-level flash vessel bottom is lower, the hot water inlet that hot water outlet bottom the one-level flash vessel and pipeline enter on the two-stage flash device enters the two-stage flash device, behind aperture by the flash distillation porous plate, HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporization rapidly once more, steam (vapor) outlet and the pipeline of steam by two-stage flash device top enters the ratio first steam filling mouth on the steam turbine from the steam turbine air intake second steam filling mouth far away, promotes the turbine vane work done; Two-stage flash device inner chamber bottom hot water relative temperature that do not vaporize and regelation is lower, and hot water outlet and pipeline bottom the two-stage flash device enter the boiler feedwater pipeline, under the effect of boiler feed pump, return therrmodynamic system again, and heat-setting water.
Described drum comprises AQC drum on the kiln hood waste heat boiler and the PH drum on the kiln tail waste heat boiler, heat exchanging pipe on the AQC economizer on described AQC drum and the kiln hood waste heat boiler is communicated with, and the heat exchanging pipe of the AQC economizer on described PH drum and the kiln hood waste heat boiler is communicated with.
The middle part of described flash vessel is provided with liquid level gauge, and described liquid level gauge is divided into high-order liquid level gauge and low level liquid level gauge; The top of described flash vessel also is provided with safety valve and exhaust outlet; The bottom of described flash vessel also is provided with sewage draining exit; The side of described flash vessel is provided with the chemicals inlet.
The present invention uses flash evaporation technology, the one, fully recycled the boiler Lowlevel thermal energy, improved boiler thermal output, adopt the mode of adjusting confluent, improved conformability to cement kiln waste heat parameter fluctuation, and then guarantee that afterheat generating system can safe and stable operation, improved relative kiln running rate; The 2nd, by the flash distillation of feedwater, produce saturated vapor, import the auxiliary acting of steam turbine.With dual pressure system different be that flash system is not to establish a low-pressure section in addition, but utilizes flash principle to produce the part low-pressure steam, has realized the steam turbine filling, has improved the mechanical efficiency of steam turbine, thereby has improved the heat recovery gross efficiency of electricity generation system.The application of flash distillation therrmodynamic system efficiently solves single the pressure or the low bottleneck problem of dual pressure system heat recovery efficiency, and the cement kiln system stability is played critical effect.
Description of drawings
Below expressed content of each width of cloth accompanying drawing of this specification and the mark among the figure are briefly explained:
Fig. 1 presses the structural representation of not filling therrmodynamic system for the described list of this specification background technology part;
Fig. 2 is the described two structural representations of pressing the filling therrmodynamic system of this specification background technology part;
Fig. 3 adopts the system architecture schematic diagram of single flash vessel for the present invention;
Fig. 4 adopts the system architecture schematic diagram of two-stage flash device for the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the flash vessel among the present invention.
Be labeled as among the figure: 1, kiln hood waste heat boiler, i.e. AQC boiler, 2, kiln tail waste heat boiler, be PH boiler or SP boiler, 3, flash vessel, 4, steam turbine, 5, generator, 6, condenser, 7, cooling water pump, 8, cooling tower, 9, condensate pump, 10, boiler feed pump, 11, the AQC drum, 12, the AQC economizer, 13, the PH drum, 14, the PH economizer, 15, make-up pump, 16, subsidiary engine equipment, 17, the one-level flash vessel, 18, the two-stage flash device, 19, the packing condenser, 20, the hot water inlet, 21, steam (vapor) outlet, 22, hot water outlet, 23, the steam filling mouth, 24, the flash distillation porous plate, 25, the boiler feedwater pipeline, 26, the first steam filling mouth, 27, the second steam filling mouth, 28, high-order liquid level gauge, 29, the low level liquid level gauge, 30, the flash vessel safety valve, 31, the flash vessel exhaust outlet, 32, the flash vessel sewage draining exit, 33, the chemicals inlet, 34, the steam turbine air intake, 35, the turbine discharge mouth.
The specific embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing below, by description to embodiment, to related method of work of the effect of the mutual alignment between the shape of the specific embodiment of the present invention such as related each member, structure, the each several part and annexation, each several part and operation principle, system etc., be described in further detail, inventive concept of the present invention, technical scheme had more complete, accurate and deep understanding to help those skilled in the art.
As Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and the expressed structure of the present invention of Fig. 5, the present invention is a kind of cement residual neat recovering system, comprises kiln hood waste heat boiler 1, kiln tail waste heat boiler 2 and steam turbine 4, and steam turbine 4 drives generator 5 running generatings.
The Low Temperature Steam that turbine discharge mouth 35 from steam turbine 4 is discharged enters condenser 6, makes steam be solidified as hot water.Its heat is discharged to cooling tower 8 by the recirculated cooling water in the heat exchanger tube, and cooling tower 8 dispels the heat by fan.Recirculated cooling water in this heat exchanger tube circulates by cooling water pump 7, plays cooling effect.Hot water in this heat exchanger tube can also offer subsidiary engine equipment 16 and use.
The water yield of loss is provided in condenser 6 by make-up pump 15 in whole steam circulation.
The hot water that condenses in bottom in condenser 6 pumps into packing condenser 19 by condensate pump 9.A small amount of hot water that has condensed at steam turbine air intake 34 places on the steam turbine 4 directly enters packing condenser 19 by pipeline; Part steam in the packing condenser 19 returns condenser 6 by pipeline.The effect of packing condenser 19 is to stop steam to enter boiler feedwater pipeline 25.
The delivery port of packing condenser 19 just is communicated with boiler feedwater pipeline 25, establishes boiler feed pump 10 on this pipeline, supplies water to kiln hood waste heat boiler 1.At first enter the heat exchanger tube of kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 elementary economizer.
The hollow arrow of mark on kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and the kiln tail waste heat boiler 2, the expression boiler smoke has also shown the import and the outlet of flue gas in the direction of the turnover of boiler heat exchanging part.
The delivery port of kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 terminal heat exchanger tube communicates with steam turbine air intake 34 on the steam turbine 4; The delivery port of kiln tail waste heat boiler 2 terminal heat exchanger tubes also communicates with steam turbine air intake 34 on the steam turbine 4.Above-mentioned two pipelines provide the main steam source of steam turbine 4, the just source of major impetus.
The water of the heat exchanger tube of kiln tail waste heat boiler 2, from the heat exchanger tube of kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 elementary economizer, the heat exchanger tube of kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 elementary economizer is communicated with PH drum 13 and to its water supply; PH drum 13 supplies water to the terminal heat exchanger tube of PH boiler.The water source of AQC drum also is kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 an elementary economizer, and the AQC drum supplies water to kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 terminal heat exchanger tube again.
The objective of the invention is based on the above-mentioned state of the art, adhere to the design concept of " it is used to the greatest extent for electricity determining by heat, heat ", reclaim the cement waste heat to greatest extent, not only improve the organic efficiency of waste heat, guarantee the long-term stability operation of cement kiln system and afterheat generating system simultaneously.
Flash principle of the present invention, be meant that HTHP hot water is when throttling enters the lower space of pressure suddenly, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, because vaporization reaction is almost finished in moment, is referred to as " flash distillation " visually.
In order to solve the problem that exists at the described present known technology of this specification background technology part and to overcome its defective, realize raising system waste heat recovery efficient, guarantee the purpose of the stability of cement kiln system and afterheat generating system operation, the technical scheme that the present invention uses flash principle to take is: as Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, in this cement residual neat recovering system that is provided, if flash vessel 3, establish hot water inlet 20 on the described flash vessel 3, steam (vapor) outlet 21 and hot water outlet 22, and successively respectively with described boiler, steam turbine 4 and boiler feedwater pipeline 25 connect.
What the present invention adopted is single flash distillation therrmodynamic system of pressing, and according to kiln hood boiler economizer outlet water temperature, disposes one or two flash vessels, utilizes flash principle, produces filling and enters the steam turbine acting.The working method of described flash evaporation technology filling formula therrmodynamic system is:
The waste heat waste gas of kiln hood, kiln tail carries out heat exchange by kiln hood waste heat boiler 1, kiln tail waste heat boiler 2 respectively; Boiler feedwater is transported to AQC drum 11, PH drum 13 and flash vessel 3 respectively after being heated to uniform temperature through the AQC economizer 12 on the kiln hood waste heat boiler 1.Wherein kiln hood waste heat boiler 1, kiln tail waste heat boiler 2 produce superheated steam, enter steam turbine 4 actings by the steam turbine air intake 34 on the steam turbine 4, flash vessel 3 utilizes flash principle to produce saturated vapor, enters the auxiliary acting of back grade blade of steam turbine 4 by the steam filling mouth 23 on the steam turbine 4.
As shown in Figure 3, because the hot water that enters in the flash vessel 3 can not all flash to saturated vapor, part hot water just mixes with condensate water in the condenser 6 through hot water outlet 22 valves of flash vessel 3 bottoms, squeezes into 12 circulations of AQC economizer again through boiler feed pump 10 and adds heat utilization.Flash system has formed an independent water circulation between kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 and flash vessel 3 like this, has realized the working medium flow of automatic adjusting economizer, the outlet water temperature of control economizer and the purpose of flash-off steam parameter.With dual pressure system different be that flash system is not to establish a low-pressure section in addition, but utilizes flash principle to produce the part low-pressure steam, has realized the steam turbine filling, has improved the mechanical efficiency of steam turbine, thereby has improved the heat recovery gross efficiency of electricity generation system.The application of flash distillation therrmodynamic system efficiently solves single the pressure or the low bottleneck problem of dual pressure system heat recovery efficiency, and the cement kiln system stability is played critical effect.
On the pipeline on the inlet pipeline on the pipeline outside the hot water inlet 20 of flash vessel 3, at each drum, before the steam turbine air intake 34 of steam turbine, be provided with the valve of control hot water flow, can control AQC economizer 12 outlet water temperatures etc.Adopt to adjust the mode of confluent, improved conformability, and then guarantee that afterheat generating system can safe and stable operation, improved relative kiln running rate cement kiln waste heat parameter fluctuation.
As shown in Figure 5, the structure of flash vessel 3 provided by the present invention is the cylindrical container of sealing, be vertically to be provided with in described cement residual neat recovering system, described hot water inlet 20 is arranged on the middle part of flash vessel 3 cylindrical shells, described steam (vapor) outlet 21 is arranged on the top of flash vessel 3 cylindrical shells, and described hot water outlet 22 is arranged on the bottom of flash vessel 3 cylindrical shells.This cylindrical container must adopt material high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant and that have certain mechanical strength to make, and the import and export of each steam require good sealing property.Vertically the purpose that is provided with is in order to make steam up, and condensate water can both flow out from the mouth of pipe of hot water outlet 22 to dirty.
According to aforesaid flash principle, in flash vessel 3 cylindrical shells, establish flash distillation porous plate 24 on the flash vessel 3 provided by the present invention, the tiny through hole of a plurality of diameters that distributes on the described flash distillation porous plate 24, this plate with described hot water inlet 20 in flash vessel 3 cylindrical shells oral area and the whole cavity volume of flash vessel 3 separate.The hot water of HTHP passes the cavity that above-mentioned aperture enters flash vessel 3, and pressure descends suddenly, is transformed into steam rapidly.Flash distillation porous plate 24 is equivalent to a choke valve, and the through hole that diameter is tiny is equivalent to the valve port of choke valve.
The present invention adopts the system architecture scheme of single flash vessel to be:
Described hot water inlet 20, steam (vapor) outlet 21 and hot water outlet 22 with boiler, steam turbine 4 and boiler feedwater pipeline 25 connected modes are: the hot water inlet 20 of described flash vessel 3 is communicated with drum heat exchanging water pipe on described each boiler; The steam (vapor) outlet 21 of described flash vessel 3 is communicated with steam filling mouth 23 on the steam turbine 4; Described hot water outlet 22 is communicated with boiler feed pipe in the place ahead of boiler feed pump 10 water inlets.
Steam filling mouth 23 on the described steam turbine 4 is between the steam turbine air intake 34 and turbine discharge mouth 35 on the steam turbine 4.Because the vapor (steam) temperature pressure of steam filling mouth 23 all less than the steam of the steam turbine air intake 34 on the steam turbine 4, leaves steam turbine air intake 34 and be arranged on, near the position of turbine discharge mouth 35, vapor phases lucky and steam turbine 4 interior work adapt to.
The exhaust heat recovering method that said system adopts is:
The HTHP hot water of the economizer exit on the boiler, enter flash vessel 3 by the hot water inlet 20 on pipeline and the flash vessel 3, behind aperture by flash distillation porous plate 24, HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, and the steam filling mouth 23 that steam (vapor) outlet 21 and the pipeline of steam by flash vessel 3 tops enters steam turbine 4 promotes the turbine vane work done; Flash vessel 3 inner chamber bottoms hot water relative temperature that do not vaporize and regelation is lower, and hot water outlet 22 and pipeline by flash vessel 3 bottoms enter boiler feedwater pipeline 25, under the effect of boiler feed pump 10, return therrmodynamic system again, and heat-setting water.
The present invention adopts the embodiment of systems technology scheme of single flash vessel as follows:
As shown in Figure 3, the cogeneration unit that the 5000t/d clinker production line is supporting is designed to the therrmodynamic system of one tunnel flash distillation, and AQC economizer 12 outlet water temperatures are controlled at 167 ℃, and corresponding feed pressure is 1.2MPa.After HTHP hot water enters flash vessel 3, throttling step-down and dilatation hypotensive effect through flash distillation porous plate 24, the medium operating pressure reduces, its corresponding saturation temperature also decreases, vaporization phenomenon takes place in moment, and after generation pressure was the saturated vapor of 0.14MPa, the temperature of vaporize water was not lower, can not satisfy the requirement of double flash evaporation, so this embodiment only is provided with the one-level flash distillation.Normally in service, according to the fluctuation of cement kiln operating mode, rationally regulate flash vessel 3 inlet valve aperture sizes, control enters the feedwater flow of AQC economizer 12, and AQC economizer 12 outlet water temperatures are controlled at below the saturation temperature (185 ℃) of feed pressure.
Simultaneously kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 outlet EGT also being controlled at electricity gathers dust in the optimum working temperature scope.The high-temperature water of not vaporizing in the flash vessel 3 comes back to therrmodynamic system, and heat-setting water has improved the therrmodynamic system operating efficiency.
The present invention adopts the system architecture scheme of two-stage flash device to be:
Described flash vessel 3 comprises one-level flash vessel 17 and two-stage flash device 18, and the connected mode of its steam circulation is: the hot water inlet 20 on the described one-level flash vessel 17 is communicated with drum heat exchanging water pipe on described each boiler 2; Hot water outlet 22 on the described one-level flash vessel 17 is communicated with hot water inlet 20 on the two-stage flash device 18; Hot water outlet 22 on the described two-stage flash device 18 is communicated with boiler feed pipe in the place ahead of boiler feed pump 10 water inlets; Steam (vapor) outlet 21 on described one-level flash vessel 17 and the two-stage flash device 18 all is communicated with the steam filling mouth 23 of steam turbine 4.
Steam filling mouth 23 on the described steam turbine 4 is between the steam turbine air intake 34 and turbine discharge mouth 35 on the steam turbine 4.And one-level flash vessel 17 is communicated with the first steam filling mouth 26; Two-stage flash device 18 is communicated with the second steam filling mouth 27; The position distribution of two steam filling mouths 23 is for pressing the order of steam turbine air intake 34 on the steam turbine 4, the first steam filling mouth 26, the second steam filling mouth 27 turbine discharge mouth 35 to the steam turbine 4.This is because the temperature, pressure of the vapor (steam) temperature pressure ratio first steam filling mouth 26 of the second steam filling mouth 27 is lower, and so also the vapor (steam) temperature pressure with steam turbine 4 interior work adapts.
The exhaust heat recovering method that said system adopts is:
The HTHP hot water of the economizer exit on the boiler, enter one-level flash vessel 17 by the hot water inlet 20 on pipeline and the one-level flash vessel 17, behind aperture by flash distillation porous plate 24, high-temperature high pressure water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, the first steam filling mouth 26 of the close steam turbine air intake 34 that steam (vapor) outlet 21 and the pipeline of steam by one-level flash vessel 17 tops enters steam turbine 4 promotes the turbine vane work done; The hot water relative temperature with regelation of the not vaporization of one-level flash vessel 17 bottoms is lower, the hot water inlet 20 that hot water outlet 22 and pipeline by one-level flash vessel 17 bottoms enters on the two-stage flash device 18 enters two-stage flash device 18, behind aperture by flash distillation porous plate 24, HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporization rapidly once more, steam (vapor) outlet 21 and the pipeline of steam by two-stage flash device 18 tops enters the ratio first steam filling mouth 26 on the steam turbine 4 from the steam turbine air intake 34 second steam filling mouth 27 far away, promotes the turbine vane work done; Two-stage flash device 18 inner chamber bottoms hot water relative temperature that do not vaporize and regelation is lower, hot water outlet 22 and pipeline by two-stage flash device 18 bottoms enter boiler feedwater pipeline 25, under the effect of boiler feed pump 10, return therrmodynamic system again, and heat-setting water.
The present invention adopts the embodiment of systems technology scheme of two-stage flash device as follows:
As shown in Figure 4, the cogeneration unit that the 4000t/d clinker production line is supporting is designed to the therrmodynamic system of double flash evaporation, and it is 223 ℃ that AQC economizer 12 exports water temperature higher, so be designed to double flash evaporation.When AQC economizer 12 outlet water temperatures reached 223 ℃, corresponding boiler feedwater pressure was 3MPa, and medium is in liquid state like this.After HTHP hot water enters one-level flash vessel 17, through the throttling step-down and the dilatation hypotensive effect of flash distillation porous plate 24, the medium operating pressure reduces, and its corresponding saturation temperature also decreases, vaporization phenomenon takes place in moment, and producing operating pressure is the saturated vapor of 0.7MPa.After saturated vapor separates through water separator in the flash vessel, enter the first steam filling mouth, 26 pushing turbines, the 4 blades acting on the steam turbine 4.Qi Hua HTHP hot water (158 ℃) process is not at two-stage flash device 18, and producing operating pressure is the 0.4MPa saturated vapor, enters the second steam filling mouth, 27 pushing turbines, the 4 blades acting on the steam turbine 4.
Obviously, when AQC economizer 12 outlet water temperatures were higher, the thermal efficiency of technique scheme was higher.
Described drum comprises AQC drum 11 on the kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 and the PH drum 13 on the kiln tail waste heat boiler 2, heat exchanging pipe on the AQC economizer 12 on described AQC drum 11 and the kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 is communicated with, and the heat exchanging pipe of the AQC economizer 12 on described PH drum 13 and the kiln hood waste heat boiler 1 is communicated with.The setting of above-mentioned drum and connected mode thereof have guaranteed the thermal efficiency in the heat exchanger tube and the stability of work.
The present invention also is provided with the concrete structure of described flash vessel 3: as shown in Figure 5, the middle part of flash vessel 3 is provided with liquid level gauge, and described liquid level gauge is divided into high-order liquid level gauge 28 and low level liquid level gauge 29; The top of described flash vessel 3 also is provided with flash vessel safety valve 30 and flash vessel exhaust outlet 31; The bottom of described flash vessel 3 also is provided with flash vessel sewage draining exit 32; The side of described flash vessel 3 is provided with chemicals inlet 33.High-order liquid level gauge 28 and low level liquid level gauge 29 show the highest each minimum extreme position of flash vessel 3 respectively, and water level can only the between change, otherwise give the alarm and control; The effect of flash vessel safety valve 30 is measures of taking overload protection when hypertonia automatically; The effect of flash vessel exhaust outlet 31 is to discharge unnecessary steam; The effect of flash vessel sewage draining exit 32 is the incrustation and the dirts of discharging after operation a period of time in the flash vessel 3; The effect of chemicals inlet 33 is to be used for adding necessary chemical agent in recirculated water, prevents the corrosiveness of recirculated water to system.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention has been carried out exemplary description above; obviously specific implementation of the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of aforesaid way; as long as adopted the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention design and technical scheme carry out; or design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion without improving, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. cement residual neat recovering system, comprise kiln hood waste heat boiler (1), kiln tail waste heat boiler (2) and steam turbine (4), in described cement residual neat recovering system, if flash vessel (3), establish hot water inlet (20), steam (vapor) outlet (21) and hot water outlet (22) on the described flash vessel (3), and be connected with described boiler (1,2), steam turbine (4) and boiler feedwater pipeline (25) respectively successively; The structure of described flash vessel (3) is the cylindrical container of sealing, be vertically to be provided with in described cement residual neat recovering system, described hot water inlet (20) is arranged on the middle part of flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell, described steam (vapor) outlet (21) is arranged on the top of flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell, and described hot water outlet (22) is arranged on the bottom of flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell; In flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell, establish flash distillation porous plate (24) on the described flash vessel (3), described flash distillation porous plate (24) is gone up the tiny through hole of a plurality of diameters that distributes, this plate with described hot water inlet (20) in flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell oral area and the whole cavity volume of flash vessel (3) separate, it is characterized in that: described cement residual neat recovering system is applied to the supporting cogeneration unit of 5000t/d clinker production line, therrmodynamic system for the one-level flash distillation, AQC economizer (12) outlet water temperature is controlled at 167 ℃, and corresponding boiler feedwater pressure is 1.2MPa; Described hot water inlet (20), steam (vapor) outlet (21) and hot water outlet (22) with boiler (1,2), steam turbine (4) and boiler feedwater pipeline (25) connected mode are: the drum supplemental heat cross current on the hot water inlet (20) of described flash vessel (3) and described each boiler (1,2); The steam (vapor) outlet (21) of described flash vessel (3) is communicated with steam filling mouth (23) on the steam turbine (4); Steam filling mouth (23) on the described steam turbine (4) is positioned between the steam turbine air intake (34) and turbine discharge mouth (35) of steam turbine (4); Described hot water outlet (22) is communicated with boiler feed pipe in the place ahead of boiler feed pump (10) water inlet; Described drum comprises AQC drum (11) on the kiln hood waste heat boiler (1) and the PH drum (13) on the kiln tail waste heat boiler (2), heat exchanging pipe on the AQC economizer (12) on described AQC drum (11) and the kiln hood waste heat boiler (1) is communicated with, and the heat exchanging pipe of the AQC economizer (12) on described PH drum (13) and the kiln hood waste heat boiler (1) is communicated with; On the inlet pipeline on the pipeline outside the hot water inlet (20) of described flash vessel (3), at each drum, on the preceding pipeline of the steam turbine air intake (34) of steam turbine, be equipped with the valve of control hot water flow.
2. cement residual neat recovering system, comprise kiln hood waste heat boiler (1), kiln tail waste heat boiler (2) and steam turbine (4), in described cement residual neat recovering system, if flash vessel (3), establish hot water inlet (20), steam (vapor) outlet (21) and hot water outlet (22) on the described flash vessel (3), and be connected with described boiler (1,2), steam turbine (4) and boiler feedwater pipeline (25) respectively successively; The structure of described flash vessel (3) is the cylindrical container of sealing, be vertically to be provided with in described cement residual neat recovering system, described hot water inlet (20) is arranged on the middle part of flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell, described steam (vapor) outlet (21) is arranged on the top of flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell, and described hot water outlet (22) is arranged on the bottom of flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell; In flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell, establish flash distillation porous plate (24) on the described flash vessel (3), described flash distillation porous plate (24) is gone up the tiny through hole of a plurality of diameters that distributes, this plate with described hot water inlet (20) in flash vessel (3) cylindrical shell oral area and the whole cavity volume of flash vessel (3) separate, it is characterized in that: described cement residual neat recovering system is applied to the supporting cogeneration unit of 4000t/d clinker production line, be designed to the therrmodynamic system of double flash evaporation, AQC economizer (12) outlet water temperature is controlled at 223 ℃, and corresponding boiler feedwater pressure is 3MPa; Described hot water inlet (20), steam (vapor) outlet (21) and hot water outlet (22) with boiler (1,2), steam turbine (4) and boiler feedwater pipeline (25) connected mode are: the drum supplemental heat cross current on the hot water inlet (20) of described flash vessel (3) and described each boiler (1,2); The steam (vapor) outlet (21) of described flash vessel (3) is communicated with steam filling mouth (23) on the steam turbine (4); Steam filling mouth (23) on the described steam turbine (4) is positioned between the steam turbine air intake (34) and turbine discharge mouth (35) of steam turbine (4); Described hot water outlet (22) is communicated with boiler feed pipe in the place ahead of boiler feed pump (10) water inlet; Described flash vessel (3) comprises one-level flash vessel (17) and two-stage flash device (18), and the connected mode of its steam circulation is: the drum supplemental heat cross current on the hot water inlet (20) on the described one-level flash vessel (17) and described each boiler (1,2); Hot water outlet (22) on the described one-level flash vessel (17) is communicated with hot water inlet (20) on the two-stage flash device (18); Hot water outlet (22) on the described two-stage flash device (18) is communicated with boiler feedwater pipeline (25) in the place ahead of boiler feed pump (10) water inlet; Steam (vapor) outlet (21) on described one-level flash vessel (17) and the two-stage flash device (18) all is communicated with the steam filling mouth (23) of steam turbine (4); Described drum comprises AQC drum (11) on the kiln hood waste heat boiler (1) and the PH drum (13) on the kiln tail waste heat boiler (2), heat exchanging pipe on the AQC economizer (12) on described AQC drum (11) and the kiln hood waste heat boiler (1) is communicated with, and the heat exchanging pipe of the AQC economizer (12) on described PH drum (13) and the kiln hood waste heat boiler (1) is communicated with; On the inlet pipeline on the pipeline outside the hot water inlet (20) of flash vessel 3, at each drum, on the preceding pipeline of the steam turbine air intake (34) of steam turbine, be equipped with the valve of control hot water flow.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described cement residual neat recovering systems, it is characterized in that: the middle part of described flash vessel (3) is provided with liquid level gauge, and described liquid level gauge is divided into high-order liquid level gauge (28) and low level liquid level gauge (29); The top of described flash vessel (3) also is provided with flash vessel safety valve (30) and flash vessel exhaust outlet (31); The bottom of described flash vessel (3) also is provided with flash vessel sewage draining exit (32); The side of described flash vessel (3) is provided with chemicals inlet (33).
4. the exhaust heat recovering method that is adopted according to the described cement residual neat recovering system of claim 1 is characterized in that:
The HTHP hot water of economizer (12, the 14) outlet on the boiler (1,2), wherein, AQC economizer (12) outlet water temperature is controlled at 167 ℃, and corresponding boiler feedwater pressure is 1.2MPa;
Described economizer (12,14) Chu Kou HTHP hot water enters flash vessel (3) by the hot water inlet (20) on pipeline and the flash vessel (3), behind aperture by flash distillation porous plate (24), HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, after generation pressure is the saturated vapor of 0.14MPa, the steam filling mouth (23) that steam (vapor) outlet (21) and the pipeline of steam by flash vessel (3) top enters steam turbine (4) promotes the turbine vane work done;
Described flash vessel (3) inner chamber bottom hot water relative temperature that do not vaporize and regelation is lower, hot water outlet (22) and pipeline by flash vessel (3) bottom enter boiler feedwater pipeline (25), under the effect of boiler feed pump (10), return therrmodynamic system again, and heat-setting water;
5. the exhaust heat recovering method that is adopted according to the described cement residual neat recovering system of claim 2 is characterized in that:
The HTHP hot water of economizer (12, the 14) outlet on the boiler (1,2), wherein, AQC economizer (12) outlet water temperature is controlled at 223 ℃, and corresponding boiler feedwater pressure is 3MPa;
The HTHP hot water of described economizer (12,14) outlet enters one-level flash vessel (17) by the hot water inlet (20) on pipeline and the one-level flash vessel (17), behind aperture by flash distillation porous plate (24), HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporized rapidly, and producing operating pressure is the saturated vapor of 0.7MPa; The first steam filling mouth (26) of the close steam turbine air intake (34) that steam (vapor) outlet (21) and the pipeline of steam by one-level flash vessel (17) top enters steam turbine (4) promotes the turbine vane work done;
Vaporization and hot water relative temperature regelation of described one-level flash vessel (17) bottom is low to be 158 ℃, hot water outlet (22) bottom one-level flash vessel (17) and pipeline enter the hot water inlet (20) on the two-stage flash device (18), enter two-stage flash device (18) again, behind aperture by flash distillation porous plate (24), HTHP hot water enters a space that pressure is lower suddenly through throttling action, because this pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure of this hot water temperature, part hot water is vaporization rapidly once more, producing operating pressure is the 0.4MPa saturated vapor, steam (vapor) outlet (21) and the pipeline of steam by two-stage flash device (18) top enters the ratio first steam filling mouth (26) on the steam turbine (4) from steam turbine air intake (34) the second steam filling mouth (27) far away, promotes the turbine vane work done;
Described two-stage flash device (18) inner chamber bottom hot water relative temperature that do not vaporize and regelation is lower, hot water outlet (22) and pipeline by two-stage flash device (18) bottom enter boiler feedwater pipeline (25), under the effect of boiler feed pump (10), again return therrmodynamic system, and heat-setting water.
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| CN103047873A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2013-04-17 | 广东塔牌集团股份有限公司惠州龙门分公司 | Cement waste heat recovery device |
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| CN103161535B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2015-03-25 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Smoke waste heat power generation system of heating furnace |
| CN104296547B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2016-03-30 | 山东省能源与环境研究院 | A kind of cement rotary kiln bootstrap system that flash vessel is set |
| CN104296544B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-07-06 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | A kind of low-temperature cogeneration flash system |
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| CN109210522B (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2024-05-31 | 孙学贤 | Operation method of flash evaporation boiler |
| CN112985083B (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2022-12-23 | 四川省金路树脂有限公司 | Device and method for synthesizing hydrogen chloride and coproducing medium-low pressure steam in three-stage manner |
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| CN2695791Y (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-04-27 | 谢毓麟 | Multi-steam source generating device by superheating steam / flash steam from waste gas of predecomposition cement production line |
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