CN101187657B - Method for determining crop living body biomass variation - Google Patents
Method for determining crop living body biomass variation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101187657B CN101187657B CN2007101785254A CN200710178525A CN101187657B CN 101187657 B CN101187657 B CN 101187657B CN 2007101785254 A CN2007101785254 A CN 2007101785254A CN 200710178525 A CN200710178525 A CN 200710178525A CN 101187657 B CN101187657 B CN 101187657B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing biomass changes of crop living bodies, which comprises following steps: providing water solution and keeping water potential of the water solution constant, enabling the water solution with constant water potential to be connected with soil through a selective transmitting medium I, an enclosed water body and a selective transmitting medium II, and building a water dynamic balancing system. The water solution with the constant water potential is enabled to exchange water with the enclosed water body through the selective transmitting medium I, and the water is transmitted freely through the selective transmitting medium II, but soil and air as a micro porous ceramic vessel can't be transmitted through the selective transmitting medium II. A cropis cultured into the soil after the water potential of the soil is constant, and weighing equipment is used to weigh weighting changes of the crop. The method can test precisely the biomass changes o f the crop living bodies and be applied to the agricultural and scientific researching fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that crop living body biomass changes that is used to measure.Belong to the research of agricultural science field.
Background technology
In research of agricultural science, often need carry out certain and handle crop, as a kind of index, at this moment this processings of analyzing and researching just needs the biomass of mensuration crop to the influence of plant growth the variation of biomass.Method according to routine, under laboratory condition, handle the influence that crop biomass is changed in order to study certain, need carry out a large amount of pot experiments, in process of the test, the biomass of crop comprises two parts, and a part is the cauline leaf flowers fruit seed of aerial part, and another part is the root (or subterraneous root or stem) of under ground portion.Need the crop seedling be dug out at the different growing stage of crop, weigh behind the removal soil (dry weight or fresh weight) studies the influence of this processing to crop biomass.Be not difficult to find out, there is certain problem in this test method, 1. experimental scale is bigger, handle the influence to crop biomass in order to study certain in the different bearing stage, need dig out the research of weighing of crop seedling at different growing stages, therefore need plantation to satisfy testing requirements than the crop seedling of large group; 2. workload is bigger, handles the Changing Pattern of crop living body biomass in the time of infertility in order to study certain, need be in the different growth stage weighing of taking a sample, and experimental scale is bigger in addition, and workload is just very big thereupon; 3. study the Changing Pattern of crop biomass by this method, consequently obtain with statistical method, can not obtain the continuous growth curve of individual plant crop, have more representativeness in order to make the result, test planting scale and workload are just big more; 4. this test method can not be fixed all biometric measurement of crop, and wherein the root of under ground portion just is difficult to take out fully weighing; 5. this research method can not realize the measurement that crop living body biomass changes automatically, continuously, simply.
In the research that crop living body biomass is changed, still do not have at present to study the method that crop living body biomass changes automatically, continuously, simply.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of method that can accurately measure the crop living body biomass variation.Mainly utilize semipermeable materials and the solution with constant flow of water to control constant soil water flow, and then guarantee that soil moisture content is stable, the variation of planting basin weight with this understanding is exactly the variation of crop living body biomass.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of method of measuring the crop living body biomass variation is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A) provide an aqueous solution, and keep its flow of water constant;
B) described constant flow of water solution is connected with soil by selective permeation medium one, sealing water body, selective permeation medium two successively, sets up a hydrodynamic(al) attitude equilibrium system, wherein:
Described constant flow of water solution carries out the water exchange by selective permeation medium one and described sealing water body, and this selective permeation medium one can allow water freely see through, but can not see through the solute in the described constant flow of water solution;
Described sealing water body carries out the water exchange by selective permeation medium two and soil, and this selective permeation medium two can allow water freely pass through, but can not be by soil particle and air.
C) with arable farming in soil, wait the flow of water of soil constant after, use the weighing equipment weighing to plant the basin weight change.
Further, above-mentioned steps keeps the constant method of the aqueous solution flow of water to be in a):
On the top of aqueous solution one occluded air is set, this occluded air top is provided with the water source of a constant water pressure, this constant voltage water source does not directly supply water to aqueous solution, only when confining gas pressure is added in air pressure on the confining gas less than the constant voltage water source, the water at constant voltage water source just passes confining gas and splashes in the aqueous solution, when confining gas pressure equals the constant voltage water source and is added in air pressure on the confining gas till.
Above-mentioned steps b) described selective permeation medium one is reverse osmosis membrane or semi-permeable diaphragm.Above-mentioned selective permeation medium two is the small poriness device in aperture, is preferably the micropore ceramics container.
Compare with the method that existing research crop living body biomass changes, advantage of the present invention is:
The inventive method can with the part of a crop which is beneath the ground weight change exactly weighing come out, traditional method is just difficult;
2. the inventive method can the dynamic change of Continuous Tracking research crop biomass;
3. the inventive method can make experimental scale be controlled effectively, and is much littler compared with classic method;
4. the inventive method can make the experiment work amount significantly reduce, and with traditional method comparison, having reduced waters takes the workload that underground part grades;
5. the inventive method has been saved the financial resource and material resource manpower, has improved work efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is each functional part connection diagram of the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the invention constant water pressure water supply installation synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the invention automatic water inflow control device synoptic diagram
Fig. 4 (a) is an embodiment of the invention semipermeable materials water control device three-dimensional structure diagram
(b) be embodiment of the invention semipermeable materials water control device side-looking structural drawing
Wherein:
1-constant water pressure water supply installation
The 2-automatic water inflow control device
3-semipermeable materials water control device
4-micropore ceramics container
5-plants basin
The 6-crop plant
The 7-weighing equipment
11-water inlet 12-water surface 13-air intake opening
14-water delivering orifice 21-water inlet 22-weep pipe
23-liquid level 24-water delivering orifice 31-clamping plate
32-screw hole 33-screw 34-reverse osmosis membrane
35-water inlet 36-water delivering orifice
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail:
Present embodiment obtains constant flow of water solution by constant water pressure water supply installation 1 and automatic water inflow control device 2, and wherein constant water pressure water supply installation 1 provides the constant voltage water source, and automatic water inflow control device 2 realizes that splendid attires are constant in the flow of water of wherein aqueous solution.
As shown in Figure 2, constant water pressure water supply installation 1 is a columniform container filled with water, the upper end is provided with water inlet 11, and water inlet 11 connects the water source, and the water surface 12 approximately is positioned at the container middle part, the lower end is provided with water delivering orifice 14, water delivering orifice 14 is provided with air intake opening 13 by the water inlet 21 of proofed sleeve connection automatic water inflow control device 2 near water delivering orifice 14, and air intake opening 13 is positioned at the water surface below 12, water inlet 11 is in closed condition in normal use, and air intake opening 13 is in opening.This device can outwards supply water with constant hydraulic pressure.During water filling, the water delivering orifice 14 of first closed lower and air intake opening 13, water inlet 11 water fillings on opening then; To required amount, close the water inlet 11 of upper end earlier, open water delivering orifice 14 then, open air intake opening 13 at last, can realize that constant water pressure supplies water.When needing water filling during operation, with water delivering orifice 14 and air intake opening 13 sealings, then open water inlet 11 water fillings earlier, water filling is closed water inlet 11 earlier after finishing, and opens water delivering orifice 14 again, opens air intake opening 13 at last.The principle of work of this device is summarized as follows: among the computing formula P=ρ * g * h of hydraulic pressure, ρ is the density 1000kg/m of water
3, g is the about 9.8m/s of acceleration of gravity
2, h installs air intake opening to the vertical height (m) between the weep pipe outlet of automatic water inflow control device for this.Therefore in this device use, as long as keep the big or small constant of h, promptly keep the relative position of 2 of this device and automatic water inflow control devices to fix, this device just can supply water to automatic water inflow control device 2 with constant hydraulic pressure.
As shown in Figure 3, automatic water inflow control device 2 is containers of the constant flow of water solution of columned splendid attire, the upper end is provided with water inlet 21, water inlet 21 connects the water delivering orifice 14 of constant water pressure water supply installation by proofed sleeve, water inlet 21 extends into one section to the device inner chamber, form weep pipe 22, be used for forming water droplet, liquid level 23 is positioned at about the container middle part; Its upper area A is equipped with occluded air, and air pressure is constant, and the lower end is provided with water delivering orifice 24, and water delivering orifice 24 links to each other by the water inlet 35 of proofed sleeve and semipermeable materials water control device 3.This device can be controlled the inflow to constant flow of water solution automatically, guarantees its volume and constant concentration, and then guarantees that the flow of water of constant flow of water solution is constant.The principle of work of this device is summarized as follows: when this device supplied water, the water yield in this device reduced, and liquid level descends, make the occluded air volume on liquid level top increase, air pressure reduces, so weep pipe begins to drip, liquid level raises gradually, till atmospheric pressure returns to initial level, this moment, liquid level rose to elemental height, and volume of air returns to initial volume, the volume of constant flow of water solution, concentration, numerical value such as the flow of water all remain unchanged.
Above-mentioned constant flow of water solution is by the preparation of the stable material of chemical property, all can as the polymer substance of the strong electrolyte of sodium chloride and so on or polyglycol and so on.The flow of water of this solution and the concentration of solution are corresponding one by one, can be by calculating or measuring.With polyglycol (PEG) is example, and the flow of water can be calculated by following formula,
PEG=1.29 * [C
PEG]
2* T-140 * [C
PEG]
2-4 * [C
PEG],
PEG: the flow of water (bar), T: temperature (℃), C
PEG: polyglycol concentration (g/g), flow of water error is in 5%.Can design the level that desire is controlled soil water potential according to above-mentioned formula, the suitable PEG concentration range of above-mentioned formula is 0-0.8g/g, and the PEG concentration range of suitable plant growth is 0-0.3g/g.
Above-mentioned constant flow of water solution is successively by reverse osmosis membrane 34 (serving as selective permeation medium one), and the sealing water body is connected with soil with micropore ceramics container 4 (serving as selective permeation medium two), sets up a dynamic level weighing apparatus system.Constant flow of water solution carries out the water exchange by reverse osmosis membrane 34 and sealing water body, and the sealing water body carries out the water exchange by micropore ceramics container 4 and soil.
As shown in Figure 4, semipermeable materials water control device 3 is containers that are similar to spherical carrying liquid, the container middle part is provided with reverse osmosis membrane 34, reverse osmosis membrane 34 grips also and the entire container sealing by back up pad 31, the centre of back up pad 31 is dug up forms a cavity so that solution passes through, fixing by screw 33 between the back up pad 31.Reverse osmosis membrane 34 is divided into C and two individual cavity of D with whole device.The C cavity is provided with water inlet 35, be connected with the water delivering orifice 24 of automatic water inflow control device 2, constant flow of water solution is housed in this cavity, the D cavity is provided with water delivering orifice 36, be connected with the water inlet of micropore ceramics container 4, in this cavity water is housed, is in closed state to this a part of water body the micropore ceramics container 4 from reverse osmosis membrane 34.Reverse osmosis membrane 34 is separated sealing water body and constant flow of water solution, becomes the medium of water exchange between the two, and hydrone can freely see through, and the solute molecule in the constant flow of water solution then can not see through.The model of the reverse osmosis membrane that present embodiment uses is PA1-4040, and under the pressure condition of about 1Pa, the water permeable ability of reverse osmosis membrane 34 is 1.2255m
3/ m
2/ h.
Micropore ceramics container 4 is columniform containers filled with water, its chamber wall is had the micropore of many apertures at the 250-800 micrometer range by water saturation on the chamber wall, air-entry value is lower, in the 0.3-0.6MPa scope, under the very little situation of pressure differential, just can discharge the water of micropore ceramics chamber wall.This device directly contacts with soil, and the moisture that soil scatters and disappears is all by this device supply.
With crop 6 cultivation or be seeded in the soil, wait the flow of water of soil constant after, use weighing equipment 7 weighings to plant the weight change of basin 5.
Planting basin 5 is a side and bottom good seal, watertight column shape container, upper end open, energy splendid attire soil and raise crop 6;
When using said apparatus, at first micropore ceramics container 4 is connected with semipermeable materials water control device 3, and in the dress water chamber of micropore ceramics container 4 and semipermeable materials water control device 3, adorns water.For device is worked better, should discharge the air in the sealing water body during dress water as much as possible, be preferably in and finish installation under water.This section sealing water body need bear certain negative pressure, so should carry out seal operation.After dress water finishes, connect the water delivering orifice 24 of automatic water inflow control device 2 and the water inlet 35 of semipermeable materials water control device 3 with proofed sleeve.From the water inlet 21 of the automatic water inflow control device 2 constant flow of water solution of annotating, rise to up to liquid level 23 about the middle part of automatic water inflow control device 2.In constant water pressure water supply installation 1, adorn water then, finish rear enclosed water inlet 11 and air intake opening 13, with proofed sleeve the water inlet 21 of water delivering orifice 14 and automatic water inflow control device 2 is connected, opens air intake opening 13 afterwards, so just finished the connection of main function components.Preferably indicate the position of liquid level 23, as the elemental height record of this liquid level.Be installed in micropore container 4 and plant in the basin 5 this moment, by certain unit weight filling soil, just 5 li transplantings of basin crop plant 6 can planted after a while, because the crop shoot root portion of transplanting band soil, therefore should wait for peacefully a period of time makes this a part of soil also participate in bringing into use weighing equipment 7 weighings to plant the weight of basin 5 again after the flow of water balance, and the weight change of planting basin later on is exactly the variable quantity of crop living body biomass.
What deserves to be explained is, although connected proofed sleeve above being added in the micropore container on the weighing equipment, proofed sleeve connects the semipermeable materials water supply installation simultaneously, but proofed sleeve and semipermeable materials water supply installation also are not added on the weighing equipment, therefore might produce the misgivings that this part device can cause that weighing result is not accurate enough.Experiment finds that these misgivings there is no need, because in the weighing process, whole device remains static, weight change does not take place in this part device between twice weighing, so the weight of this part device exists as systematic error, does not influence the difference of twice weighing.
The core of the inventive method is the flow of water of constant control soil, and the driving force of constant soil water potential is from the variation of soil water potential.In use, because crop absorbs and surface evaporation, the flow of water of soil descends to some extent, at this moment it is poor to produce a flow of water between the flow of water of soil water potential and constant flow of water solution, make the water in the micropore ceramics container 4 trend towards flowing to soil through micropore, the water yield of therefore sealing in the water body reduces, the feasible water that is arranged in the constant flow of water solution of reverse osmosis membrane 34 another sides of consequent negative pressure sees through reverse osmosis membrane 34 and enters the dress water chamber, also promptly seal water body, replenish the moisture that the sealing water body scatters and disappears, equate that up to the soil water potential and the solution flow of water moving of water just temporarily stops.The sealing water body has played the effect of transmitting moisture between constant flow of water solution and soil in whole process, also played simultaneously soil water potential is changed the effect of transmitting to constant flow of water solution.
When the water in the constant flow of water solution enters the sealing water body through reverse osmosis membrane 34, the volume of constant flow of water solution reduces, and concentration raises, and this small volume change embodies in automatic water inflow control device 2, liquid level 23 in this device descends, make liquid level 23 upper end volume of air increase, atmospheric pressure reduces, so the weep pipe 22 of automatic water inflow control device 2 upper ends begins to drip, liquid level 23 raises, volume of air reduces, and pressure increases, until returning to initial level.This moment, the concentration and the volume of constant flow of water solution all remained unchanged, and therefore the flow of water of solution also remain unchanged.
Under the normal condition, the flow of water of soil is equal to or less than the flow of water of constant flow of water solution, has guaranteed that said apparatus can operate as normal, and promptly water flows to the sealing water bodys and then flows to soil by micropore ceramics container 4 by reverse osmosis membrane 34 from constant flow of water solution.When soil water potential because some reason, as the rainfall of soil region or too much irrigate etc., raise suddenly and when being higher than constant flow of water solution, the adverse current phenomenon will take place, be that moisture in the soil enters micropore ceramics container 4, the moisture in the sealing water body enters automatic water inflow control device 2.If the adverse current phenomenon takes place, should disconnect the proofed sleeve that connects constant water pressure water supply installation 1 and automatic water inflow control device 2, when returning to the elemental height record etc. constant flow of water liquid level of solution 23, connect this proofed sleeve again, it should be noted that whole process must guarantee that the relative position between constant water pressure water supply installation 1 and the automatic water inflow control device 2 is constant, and guarantee that the amount of constant flow of water solution's solute is constant.
Claims (4)
1. measure the method that crop living body biomass changes for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A) provide an aqueous solution, and keep its flow of water constant by following method:
On the top of aqueous solution one occluded air is set, this occluded air top is provided with the water source of a constant water pressure, this constant voltage water source does not directly supply water to aqueous solution, only when confining gas pressure is added in pressure on the confining gas less than the constant voltage water source, the water at constant voltage water source just passes confining gas and splashes in the aqueous solution, when confining gas pressure equals the constant voltage water source and is added in pressure on the confining gas till;
B) described constant flow of water solution is connected with soil by selective permeation medium one, sealing water body, selective permeation medium two successively, sets up a hydrodynamic(al) attitude equilibrium system, wherein:
Described constant flow of water solution carries out the water exchange by selective permeation medium one and described sealing water body, and this selective permeation medium one can allow water freely see through, but can not see through the solute in the described constant flow of water solution;
Described sealing water body carries out the water exchange by selective permeation medium two and soil, and this selective permeation medium two can allow water freely pass through, but can not be by soil particle and air;
C) with arable farming in soil, wait the flow of water of soil constant after, use the weighing equipment weighing to plant the basin weight change.
2. a kind of method that crop living body biomass changes of measuring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described selective permeation medium one is reverse osmosis membrane or semi-permeable diaphragm.
3. a kind of method that crop living body biomass changes of measuring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described selective permeation medium two is the small poriness device in aperture.
4. a kind of method that crop living body biomass changes of measuring as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the small poriness device in described aperture is the micropore ceramics container.
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| CN102636426B (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-10-16 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Handheld biomass measuring device and method |
| CA3021753A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | University Of Helsinki | Method and device for physicochemical characterization of materials |
| CN107041752B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2019-12-13 | 南阳师范学院 | Weighing type vital capacity measuring device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050098713A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-05-12 | Kyle Holland | Light sensor with modulated radiant polychromatic source |
| CN1818609A (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2006-08-16 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method and device for determining plant transpiration efficiency precisively |
| CN1837787A (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2006-09-27 | 南京大学 | Non-destructive precise determination method for biophysical parameters of cotton |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050098713A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-05-12 | Kyle Holland | Light sensor with modulated radiant polychromatic source |
| CN1818609A (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2006-08-16 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method and device for determining plant transpiration efficiency precisively |
| CN1837787A (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2006-09-27 | 南京大学 | Non-destructive precise determination method for biophysical parameters of cotton |
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