CN101186700B - 一种聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101186700B
CN101186700B CN200710050977A CN200710050977A CN101186700B CN 101186700 B CN101186700 B CN 101186700B CN 200710050977 A CN200710050977 A CN 200710050977A CN 200710050977 A CN200710050977 A CN 200710050977A CN 101186700 B CN101186700 B CN 101186700B
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蒋亚东
杜晓松
刘忠祥
唐先忠
谢光忠
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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本发明公开了一种聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料,是以聚硅氧烷为骨架,以苯酚为官能团的有机材料,其制备方法包括以下步骤:①将含氢硅油和铂催化剂加到甲苯中搅拌混合均匀;②将邻烯丙基苯酚缓慢滴加到步骤①的混合溶液中;③加热反应,将步骤②所得混合溶液加热至80~120℃并在该温度下搅拌反应2~6h;④过滤,将步骤③的反应液用活性炭过滤,除去步骤①所加入的铂配合物;⑤蒸发,将步骤④的滤液减压蒸馏除去甲苯即得。该材料对有机膦毒剂响应迅速,具有良好的选择性和可逆性,原料及中间产物都不含卤素元素,毒性大为降低,制备方法简单,反应条件温和易控,操作容易,反应步骤少,成本低廉,是一种有良好应用前途的神经毒剂敏感材料。

Description

一种聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,具体涉及一种聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
神经毒气是有毒气体中毒性最大的气体,主要包括塔崩、沙林、梭曼和VX,它们属于有机膦毒剂。为检测神经毒剂,开发了各种各样的检测方法。其中,声表面波技术和压电微悬臂梁技术是目前的研究热点。在这些技术中,对神经毒剂能产生选择性吸附的敏感薄膜是研究的关键。
由于有机及聚合物材料与无机材料(主要是半导体陶瓷)相比具有吸附率高、无需加热、脱附温度低、选择性得到很大的改善等特点,因而成为敏感材料的研究重点。基于神经毒气是氢键碱性气体的事实,聚合物敏感材料对有机膦毒剂的检测作用机理应主要建立在氢键作用基础上,聚合物材料的敏感基团应主要是羟基和苯酚基;同时聚合物在物理特性上应具有高的渗透性,所以敏感材料呈橡胶态,玻璃化温度低,密度低,结晶度低。见文献:(1)ChemTech,1994,24(9),27~37;(2)Sensors and Actuators B,1991,3,85~111。
美国专利5756631对包含SXFA在内的一小类聚合物进行了保护,其结构式为:
Figure G2007100509774D00011
其中R2的结构式为:-(CH2)m-1-CH=CH-CH2-C(CF3)2-OH,n是大于1的整数,m介于1~4之间,R1是单价碳氢基团或环己基或苯基。其主要特征是以六氟异丙醇(HFIP)为敏感基团,以聚硅氧烷为骨架。
美国专利6015869对包含BSP3在内的一小类聚合物进行了保护,其主要特征是在寡聚二甲基硅氧烷链中引入氟代双酚基团,形成有机/无机混合型共聚物。
美国专利6630560对一大类聚硅氧烷类敏感材料进行了保护,其结构式为:
Figure G2007100509774D00012
其中R1或R2中至少有一个是烷基或烯基或炔基或芳基基团,并在基团的末端连接卤素取代的羟基或苯酚。
美国专利6660230对一大类聚硅碳烷类敏感材料进行了保护,其结构式为:
Figure G2007100509774D00021
其中R1或R2中至少有一个是烷基或烯基或炔基或芳基基团,并在基团的末端连接卤素取代的羟基或苯酚,X是碳氢化合物。
上述敏感材料都含有氟等卤素元素,原料及中间产物的毒性很大,对操作人员及环境构成严重威胁,并且制备步骤多,工艺复杂。因此,研究与开发毒性小、制备工艺简单、价格低廉、并具有较好气敏特性的有机膦毒剂敏感材料具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何提供一种聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料及其制备方法,该有机磷毒剂敏感材料对有机磷毒剂响应迅速,具有良好的选择性和可逆性,并且制备工艺简单、反应步骤少、操作容易、价格低廉。
本发明所提出的技术问题是这样解决的:提供一种聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法是用以制备以聚硅氧烷为骨架,以苯酚为官能团的有机材料,具体包括以下步骤:
①将含氢硅油和铂催化剂加到甲苯中搅拌混合均匀;
②将邻烯丙基苯酚缓慢滴加到步骤①的混合溶液中;
③加热反应:将步骤②所得混合溶液加热至80~120℃并在该温度下搅拌反应2~6h;
④过滤:将步骤③的反应液用活性炭过滤,除去步骤①所加入的铂催化剂;
⑤蒸发:将步骤④的滤液减压蒸馏除去甲苯即得结构式如下的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料:
Figure G2007100509774D00031
其中,m为大于0的整数,R1是烷基或苯基,Z1或Z2是烷基、苯基、烷烃硅烷和芳基硅烷中的一种。
按照本发明所提供的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤①中使用的铂催化剂是二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷铂配合物。
按照本发明所提供的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铂催化剂中铂的含量与所述邻烯丙基苯酚的比例为0.3~0.5wt‰。
按照本发明所提供的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤②中使用的邻烯丙基苯酚中的双键和含氢硅油中的Si-H的物质量的比控制在1.05~1.15∶1的范围之内。
本发明制备聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料的原理可表示为:
其中,m为大于0的整数;R1可以是烷基、苯基;Z1和Z2可以是烷基、苯基、烷烃硅烷、芳基硅烷。
根据线性溶剂化方程知苯酚对碱性有机膦毒剂有很强的分子间作用,并且其对水、乙醇等物质的作用比含氟聚合物小,而且,分子里引入有机Si-O链能够降低聚合物的玻璃化温度,增加被测气体的渗透性,本发明正是基于这种理论认识,并经实践证明该种聚硅氧烷敏感材料对有机膦毒剂具有很好的敏感特性。该聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料对有机膦毒剂响应迅速,并具有良好的选择性和可逆性,合成该材料的原料及中间产物都不含卤素元素,毒性大为降低,因而其制备方法简单,反应条件温和易控,操作容易,反应步骤少,成本低廉,是一种有良好应用前途的神经毒剂敏感材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明的聚甲基[3-(2-羟基)苯基]丙基硅氧烷的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料的红外光谱图;
图3为本发明的聚硅氧烷敏感材料涂覆在石英晶体微天平上对甲基膦酸二甲酯的响应曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1所示,该聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料,是以聚硅氧烷为骨架,以苯酚为官能团的有机液体材料,其结构式为
Figure G2007100509774D00041
本发明制备聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料的原理可表示为:
Figure G2007100509774D00042
其中,m为大于0的整数;R1可以是烷基、苯基;Z1和Z2可以是烷基、苯基、烷烃硅烷、芳基硅烷。其制备制备方法如下:①将含氢硅油和铂催化剂按照上述比例加到甲苯中搅拌混合均匀,其中铂催化剂是二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷铂配合物;②将邻烯丙基苯酚缓慢滴加到步骤①的混合溶液中,所述铂催化剂中铂的含量与所述邻烯丙基苯酚的比例为0.3~0.5wt‰,最佳为0.4wt‰,使用的邻烯丙基苯酚中的双键和含氢硅油中的Si-H的物质量的比控制在1.05~1.15∶1的范围之内,最佳为1.1∶1;③加热反应,将步骤②所得混合溶液加热至80~120℃并在该温度下搅拌反应2~6h;④过滤,将步骤③的反应液用活性炭过滤,除去步骤①所加入的铂配合物;④蒸发,将步骤④的滤液减压蒸馏除去甲苯即得。
以下的实施方式是对本发明所述的聚硅氧烷有机膦毒剂敏感材料的制备方法的进一步说明。
具体实施方式1:
在装有温度计、回流冷凝器、恒压漏斗和氮气保护装置的100ml三口烧瓶中加入0.77g甲基含氢硅油(含氢量1.3%)和1滴二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷铂配合物和20ml甲苯,加热至80℃,搅拌反应0.5h,然后往混合溶液里缓慢滴加1.50g邻烯丙基苯酚,再次加热至100℃并搅拌反应4h。待反应液冷至室温后,用活性炭过滤除去铂配合物,旋转蒸发仪蒸发除去溶剂甲苯和其它低沸点物质后得聚甲基[3-(2-羟基)苯基]丙基硅氧烷1.71g。其红外光谱图如图2所示,聚硅氧烷敏感材料涂覆在石英晶体微天平上对甲基膦酸二甲酯的响应曲线如图3所示。
具体实施方式2:
在装有温度计、回流冷凝器、恒压漏斗和氮气保护装置的100ml三口烧瓶中加入0.63g苯基含氢硅油(含氢量1.6%)和1滴二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷铂配合物和20ml甲苯,加热至80℃,搅拌反应0.5h,然后往混合溶液里缓慢滴加1.50g邻烯丙基苯酚,再次加热至100℃并搅拌反应4h。待反应液冷至室温后,用活性炭过滤除去铂配合物,旋转蒸发仪蒸发除去溶剂甲苯和其它低沸点物质后得聚苯基[3-(2-羟基)苯基]丙基硅氧烷1.51g。

Claims (4)

1.一种聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法是用以制备以聚硅氧烷为骨架,以苯酚为官能团的有机材料,具体包括以下步骤:
①将含氢硅油和铂催化剂加到甲苯中搅拌混合均匀;
②将邻烯丙基苯酚缓慢滴加到步骤①的混合溶液中;
③加热反应:将步骤②所得混合溶液加热至80~120℃并在该温度下搅拌反应2~6h;
④过滤:将步骤③的反应液用活性炭过滤,除去步骤①所加入的铂催化剂;
⑤蒸发:将步骤④的滤液减压蒸馏除去甲苯即得结构式如下的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料:
Figure F2007100509774C00011
其中,m为大于0的整数,R1是烷基或苯基,Z1或Z2是烷基、苯基、烷烃硅烷和芳基硅烷中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铂催化剂是二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷铂配合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤①中使用的铂催化剂中铂的含量与步骤②使用的邻烯丙基苯酚的比例为0.3~0.5wt‰。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚硅氧烷有机磷毒剂敏感材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤②中使用的邻烯丙基苯酚中的双键和含氢硅油中的Si-H的物质量的比控制在1.05~1.15∶1的范围之内。
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