CN101180421B - 丝束切断装置 - Google Patents

丝束切断装置 Download PDF

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CN101180421B
CN101180421B CN200680014186XA CN200680014186A CN101180421B CN 101180421 B CN101180421 B CN 101180421B CN 200680014186X A CN200680014186X A CN 200680014186XA CN 200680014186 A CN200680014186 A CN 200680014186A CN 101180421 B CN101180421 B CN 101180421B
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blade
sensor
sensing system
blade carrier
contact roller
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CN101180421A (zh
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C·福格特伦德
M·施特雷贝
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Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G1/00Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
    • D01G1/02Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form
    • D01G1/04Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form by cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/34Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut
    • B26D1/38Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut and coacting with a fixed blade or other fixed member
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0033Cutting members therefor assembled from multiple blades
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/141With means to monitor and control operation [e.g., self-regulating means]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/263With means to apply transient nonpropellant fluent material to tool or work
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/465Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/465Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • Y10T83/4766Orbital motion of cutting blade
    • Y10T83/4795Rotary tool
    • Y10T83/483With cooperating rotary cutter or backup

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于连续地将丝束切断成段的装置,以及一种用于运行这种装置的方法。该装置包括一安装有多个刀片的旋转的刀具载体,丝束借助于压紧轮压在所述刀片上。通过一个或多个固体声传感器检测刀片的磨损及破裂。此外,利用所述固体声传感器的信号形成特征性的特征量,并与一比较值比较。将与比较值的偏差识别为故障。

Description

丝束切断装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于切断丝束的装置。
背景技术
由专利申请EP 0305057 A2已知一种普通类型的丝束切断装置。其中丝束从两个对滚的轮子之间穿过。在此,所述轮子中用作刀具载体的一个轮子具有多个刀片,所述刀片的切削刃垂直于丝束的行进方向定向。第二个轮子的功能是将丝束压紧在切削刃上以使丝束被切成多个小段。在专利申请EP 0305057 A2所示的装置中,刀具载体和压紧轮的旋转轴线平行定向,使得这两个轮子在其外圆周上对滚。在此,刀片的切削刃沿切向设置。
而未审公开的专利申请DE 10242553 A1公开了压紧轮相对于刀具载体的另一种定向,其中轴线相交成锐角。这里压紧轮和刀具载体的端面对滚,而刀片的切削刃径向布置。这里丝束在所述端面间穿过并被切碎。
基本上,在丝束切断装置运行时存在刀片的切削刃受到磨损的问题。该磨损特别是由丝束中的硬质材料杂质造成的。虽然可像实际中常见的那样在运行一定时间后更换切削刃,但这会由于与此有关的运行中断而导致成本上升。因此,希望能根据需要更换切削刃。为此,专利申请EP 0305057A2中推荐一测力装置,通过它测量作用在刀具载体和压紧轮之间的力。在所测得的力和切削刃的磨损之间存在明显的关系,因此可以监测切削刃的磨损情况。
在EP 0305057 A2所示的装置中,压紧轮的轴支承在一朝压紧方向移动的摇臂上。这里压紧力通过设置在力流内并测量压紧力的测力传感器直接传递。
在丝束切断装置的开发中显示,DE 10242553 A1所示的刀具载体和压紧轮的布局是有利,因此优选采用。但是不可能在这种结构中内置类似于EP 0305057 A2中所述的简单且有效的测力装置。此外,在刀具载体和压紧轮之间作用有会使测量结果出错的摩擦力。在优选结构中特别会出现这种情况。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是,对在DE 10242553 A1中所示的刀具载体和压紧轮装置提供一种简单且有效的测量装置,它检定切削刃的磨损。按照本发明,该目的这样实现,即,将刀具载体连接到一传感器系统,该传感器系统由一个或多个检测切削工艺中发出的固体声的固体声传感器构成。
固体声是指在部件内传播的瞬时声波。该声波是由丝束的单根单丝的切断工艺(过程)造成的能量的冲击式释放所激发的。单丝的切断工艺引发典型频谱内的固体声。如果刀片的质量特别是锋利度由于刀刃的磨损或局部破裂造成的刀刃形状而发生变化,则会对发出的固体声产生影响,这同样改变其在频谱内的能量分布。本发明的优点在于,传感器可方便地安装,而不必直接或间接地设置在力流内。只要传感器良好传导固体声地与刀片连接便足够了。一种特别是在高频范围内将机械振动转变成电信号的振动传感器适合于固体声测量。
因此,在一种优选实施方式中,使一个或多个固体声传感器直接与刀具载体连接。能良好传导固体声地与刀片连接是可检测由切断工艺发出的固体声的前提。
在一种实施方案中,每个刀片配设一个传感器。它使刀片和传感器之间由于空间上靠近传感器而可以建立良好传导固体声的连接。此外,这样可特别好地通过单个刀片检测变化的信号。在另一种实施方案中,每个传感器分别配设于一组刀片。这可以显著降低传感器的成本。
在另一种特别经济的实施方案中,刀具载体配设有一个共同的传感器,该传感器同时监测所有刀片。这种实施方案利用这样的事实,即在运行时始终只有部分刀片参加切断工艺,因此尽管如此可以足够精确地测量。
本发明一种有利的改进考虑将固体声传感器与一评估系统连接。该评估系统监测固体声传感器的信号,以发现在切割刃磨损或刀片破裂(断裂、碎裂)时出现的特征。
一种通过固体声传感器监测上述装置的刀片状态的方法包括:在测量固体声后首先求出表征切断工艺的特征性特征量。这种特别合适的特征量可通过刀具载体的结构和固体声传感器的布局得出,并可由信号处理专业人员根据经验确定。在此,特别应获取其信号强度随磨损的加剧或由于刀片的小的局部缺口变化的频率区。对于在刀片出现破裂时由于破裂过程而永久或短时间地变化的频率区也一样。在选择频率区时应该考虑固体声的干扰源,例如滚柱轴承,并且在需要时将它们从待分析的频谱中排除。
将这样形成的特征量,例如一定频带内的信号功率,连续地与一比较值或比较区进行比较,并在出现偏差(偏离)时发出故障信号。
在本方法的一种优选扩展中,将对应于同一刀片的前次测量的特征量用作比较值。该特征量可例如由测量结果的平均值构成。这样可以检测切断特征的长期变化。
在本发明另一种优选的扩展中,将对应于刀具载体的前一转或前几转的先前测量的特征值或特征值的平均值用作比较值。这样,例如当特征值与刀具载体的转速同步地周期波动时,就可作出刀刃破裂的结论。
在本方法的另一种方案中,分别利用配设于每个刀片的传感器获得测量信号。
在本方法的另一种方案中,分别利用配设于一组刀片的传感器获得测量信号。
在本方法的又一种方案中,利用配设于整个刀具载体的一个传感器获得测量信号。
附图说明
下面参照附图详细说明一个示例性实施例。在附图中:
图1示出用于连续切断丝束的装置,
图2示出图1所示装置的另一种可供选择的实施形式。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于连续切断丝束的本发明的装置。该装置包括刀具载体1和与该刀具载体1相互作用的压紧轮2。刀具载体1具有多个用于切断丝束的刀片3。此处未示出的丝束在丝束通道7内在压紧轮2和刀具载体1之间穿过,其中压紧轮通过压紧面6将丝束压靠在刀片3上。刀具载体1和压紧轮2基本上同心,但以其轴线相交成锐角的状态可旋转地支承在一共同的支架4上。此处未示出的驱动装置使得由驱动装置5驱动的刀具载体1与压紧轮2同步旋转。由于这种布局,刀具载体1和压紧轮2的端面相互对滚,从而共同作用。通过轴线的其它相互布局,也可以例如使圆周面和端面或两个端面相互对滚。
丝束在可自由接近的部位被引入丝束通道7。在刀具载体1旋转的过程中,该丝束由压紧面6压靠在刀片3上,因此丝束被切断成多个段,所述段的长度相当于刀片3相互的距离。这样切断的段通过开口8向下掉落,并送去后续处理。
这里每个刀片3直接接触一个传感器9,或者,在另一种实施形式中,刀片3与配设于多个刀片3的传感器9接触。每个传感器9具有一连接导线10,所述连接导线10集中在一配电箱11内并与一连接导线12连接。传感器9共同构成传感器系统16。传感器系统16的信号传送到评估系统17以进行信号处理。
由于该切断工艺,特别是由于将丝束切成单丝,而释放出冲击式能量,所述能量产生瞬时的高频固体声波。这些固体声波在其产生部位直接由传感器9检测。
图2示出装置的另一种可供选择的实施形式。为了简单起见,这里仅仅说明与图1中所示的装置的区别。
与多个传感器9不同,这里传感器系统16由单个中央传感器13构成,该传感器系统检测当时参与切断工艺的所有刀片3的固体声,并通过连接导线15将传感器信号输送给评估系统17以进行信号处理。尽管这里传感器13设置在离刀片3一定距离处,但有利地使其在固体声的传播意义(方向)上无阻尼构件地与刀片3连接。这种实施形式的优点是仅使用了一个固体声传感器。尽管如此,为确保高的灵敏度,通过一阻尼套14屏蔽来自其它声源例如滚柱轴承的干扰性固体声。
图形标记表
1  刀具载体
2  压紧轮
3  刀片
4  支架
5  驱动装置
6  压紧面
7  丝束通道
8  开口
9  传感器
10 连接导线
11 配电箱
12 总线
13 传感器
14 套
15 连接导线
16 传感器系统
17 评估系统

Claims (17)

1.用于连续地将丝束切断成段的装置,该装置具有可旋转的刀具载体(1)、可旋转地安装的压紧轮(2)以及一传感器系统(16),该刀具载体用于保持多个刀片(3),该压紧轮用于将从刀具载体(1)和压紧轮(2)之间穿过的丝束压在刀片(3)上,该传感器系统用于检测刀片(3)的状态,其特征为:传感器系统(16)建立在一个或多个固体声传感器(9、13)的基础上,所述固体声传感器用于测量在切断工艺中发出的固体声,所述固体声传感器(9、13)与刀具载体(1)连接。
2.按权利要求1的装置,其特征为:一个固体声传感器(9)确切地配设于一个刀片(3)。
3.按权利要求1的装置,其特征为:一个固体声传感器(9)配设于多个刀片(3)。
4.按权利要求1的装置,其特征为:一个固体声传感器(13)配设于刀具载体(1)。
5.按权利要求1的装置,其特征为:传感器系统(16)与一评估系统(17)连接以用于检定故障。
6.按权利要求5的装置,其特征为:该评估系统将刀片(3)的破裂检定为故障。
7.按权利要求5或6的装置,其特征为:该评估系统将刀片(3)的磨损检定为故障。
8.用于监测用于连续地将丝束切断成段的装置的刀片(3)的状态的方法,其中该装置包括可旋转的刀具载体(1)、可旋转地安装的压紧轮(2)以及一传感器系统(16),该刀具载体用于保持多个刀片(3),该压紧轮用于将从刀具载体(1)和压紧轮(2)之间穿过的丝束压在刀片(3)上,该传感器系统建立在对切断工艺中发出的固体声进行测量的基础上,并用于检测刀片(3)的状态,所述传感器系统(16)具有一配设于刀具载体(1)的传感器(13),该方法包括以下步骤:
-测量由切断工艺发出的固体声;
-求取一特征性的特征量;
-将该特征量与比较值进行比较;
-在与比较值有偏差时发出故障信号。
9.按权利要求8的方法,其特征为:在求取特征性的特征量时采用频率分析。
10.按权利要求8或9的方法,其特征为:该特征性的特征量表征利用完好刀刃的切断工艺,当偏离比较值时检定为刀刃破裂。
11.按权利要求8或9的方法,其特征为:该特征性的特征量表征利用锋利的或钝的刀片的切断工艺,当偏离比较值时检定为刀片磨损扩大。
12.按权利要求8至11之一的方法,其特征为:所述比较值由先前测量的特征性特征量形成。
13.按权利要求12的方法,其特征为:采用对应于同一刀片(3)的先前测量结果。
14.按权利要求12的方法,其特征为:采用刀具载体(1)的一转或多转的先前测量结果。
15.按权利要求8至14之一的方法,其特征为:对于每个刀片(3),传感器系统(16)具有一个传感器(9)。
16.按权利要求8至14之一的方法,其特征为:对于多个刀片(3),传感器系统(16)具有一个传感器(9)。
17.按权利要求8至14之一的方法,其特征为:用该传感器检测所有刀片(3)的固体声。
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