CN101178438B - All time photon counting laser radar apparatus and method - Google Patents
All time photon counting laser radar apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a whole day photon counting laser radar device and a method, which comprises an emission system consisting of a laser, an expander and a reflector, a receiving system consisting of a telescope, an optics filter and a photoelectric detector, and a central control device connected with the photoelectric detector with a software. The invention is characterized in that the wavelength of the laser and the optics filter are chosen to match with the fraunhofer absorption line wavelength of the solar spectrum; the intense absorption is adopted to reduce the intensity of a solar back light by 80 to 90 percent and to lead the laser radar to have good photon counting ability under the back light condition in days. The invention is characterized in that the day detection signal-noise ratio and the detection distance are greatly improved, which effectively improves the whole day high-performance working ability. Besides, the invention is widely suitable for the laser radar of detecting weak signal such as Mie dispersion, Rayleigh dispersion, Raman dispersion and atom resonance fluorescence, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser radar apparatus, still can normally carry out laser radar apparatus---all time photon counting laser radar apparatus that photon counting is measured under a kind of light of strong background by day of more specifically saying so.
Background technology
Laser radar is surveyed various atmospheric parameters by receiving scatterer (atmosphere, water body, target) to the backscatter signal of laser.Because scattered signal is very faint, laser radar adopts photon counting to carry out Detection of Weak Signals usually.By long-time accumulation, signal acquisition photon from dark background improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and detection range.Because be subjected to the influence of strong sun bias light, laser radar detection signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) has by day been compared big gap with detection range with night, can't carry out the observation of round-the-clock same performance to the diurnal variation of atmospheric physics chemical parameters.
In order to improve the round-the-clock detection performance, the researcher adopts methods such as improving Laser emission power, use narrow band optical filter and restriction visual field usually, improves and surveys signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Wherein narrow band optical filter is the effective means that suppresses bias light, yet bandwidth is narrow more, and transmitance is low more, and complexity and cost also increase substantially.Interference filter bandwidth 0.1nm preferably at present, the Fabry-Perot etalon bandwidth that is used for filtering reaches 0.04nm, still is far longer than the live width (usually less than 0.0001nm) of single longitudinal mode pulsed laser.The most important thing is,, still have the sun bias light consistent to enter receiving system with launching optical maser wavelength even adopt the narrowest wave filter of bandwidth, make laser radar daytime detection performance and night gap bigger, and limited its application greatly in the business field.
In a word, laser radar system is subjected to the influence of strong background light at present, and detection range and precision are restricted greatly; And existing bias light wave filter is difficult to accomplish finish 24 hours Continuous Observation (being that round-the-clock is measured) with same performance, and complex structure, costs an arm and a leg, and is difficult to be generalized to practical application.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of all time photon counting laser radar apparatus and method, to remedy the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art.
The present invention discloses a kind of laser radar that is operated under sun fraunhofer (Fraunhofer) the concealed wire wavelength.The fraunhofer concealed wire mainly be solar spectrum be subjected to atom in the sun outer atmosphere absorption and the row concealed wire, because emission wavelength place sky background light is by the concealed wire strong absorption, just form one " dark window ", make laser radar still can obtain photon counting ability preferably under the bias light condition by force by day.Discover that if choose suitable fraunhofer concealed wire, daytime and detection at night can reach same signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), i.e. the photon counting ability of the equal performance of round-the-clock.Based on this principle, on forming, general structure can not add extra parts, can also reduce the narrow bandwidth to original optical filter, the requirement of the high harshness of transmissivity simultaneously, greatly reduce cost.
The present invention includes the emission coefficient of forming by laser instrument, beam expanding lens and the catoptron of certain emission wavelength; The receiving system of forming by telescope, optical filter, photodetector; The central control unit that contains software that is connected with photodetector is characterized in that the emission wavelength of laser instrument, the centre wavelength of optical filter and the Fu Lang of the sun and the centre wavelength of Fei concealed wire are complementary.The emission wavelength of above-mentioned laser instrument is selected stronger sun Fu Lang of following absorption intensity and at least one wavelength in the Fei concealed wire for use: the 404.582nm of the 374.95nm of the 517.270nm of the 516.733nm of Mg element, Mg element, the 518.362nm of Mg element, Fe element, the 375.824nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 526.955nm of Fe element, the 532.419nm of Fe element, the 532.805nm or the H of Fe element
αThe 656.281nm of element (the α isotope of H element).
The wavelength of above-mentioned laser instrument is the Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire place wavelength of the stronger sun of the special absorption intensity of selecting.The number of laser instrument and spectral response wavelength are identical with receiving spectrum or close with the number of above-mentioned optical filter.The emission wavelength of obvious above-mentioned laser instrument, the centre wavelength of optical filter should be simultaneously with a solar spectrum in the fraunhofer concealed wire be complementary.
Major advantage of the present invention is: utilize the fraunhofer concealed wire of solar spectrum to make survey signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) the daytime of laser radar and detection range increases substantially, have round-the-clock high performance operation ability, and cost is low; Be applicable to the laser radar of detection feeble signals such as Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence of atom, significant for the development and the application of laser remote sensing technology.The present invention changes research to the Consecutive Days that promotes the atmospheric physics phenomenon, and the promotion laser remote sensing enters field businessization application such as meteorology, Aeronautics and Astronautics and national defence and has breakthrough meaning.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1, general structure block diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1. laser instrument 2. beam expanding lenss 3. catoptrons 4. atmosphere 5. telescopes 6. optical filters
7. photodetector 8. central control unit.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, the present invention includes the emission coefficient of forming by laser instrument 1, beam expanding lens 2 and the catoptron 3 of certain emission wavelength; The receiving system of forming by telescope 5, optical filter 6, photodetector 7; 7 central control unit 8 that contain software that are connected with photodetector 7, the emission wavelength that it is characterized in that laser instrument 1 at least with a solar spectrum in the fraunhofer concealed wire be complementary.Fu Lang that chooses and Fei concealed wire require its absorption intensity to be not less than 80%, Fu Lang and take the concealed wire bandwidth more than or equal to the live width of launching laser for well.Obviously, Fu Lang is strong more with the absorption intensity of taking concealed wire, spectral bandwidth is wide more, and it is strong more then sun bias light to be suppressed ability.
The wavelength of above-mentioned laser instrument 1 is at least one wavelength that is complementary in the fraunhofer concealed wire with following solar spectrum: i.e. the absorption line of the magnesium elements in the fraunhofer concealed wire: the 517.270nm of the 516.733nm of Mg element, Mg element, the 518.362nm of Mg element; The absorption line of the ferro element in the fraunhofer concealed wire: the 526.955nm of the 375.824nm of the 374.95nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 404.582nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 532.419nm of Fe element, the 532.805nm of Fe element; The absorption line of the protium coordination in the fraunhofer concealed wire: H
αThe 656.281nm of element (the α isotope of H element).
Above-mentioned laser instrument 1 can adopt existing laser with fixed wavelength or tunable laser continuous or pulse, as semiconductor laser, solid state laser, fiber laser, gas laser.The 375nm of U.S. Crystalaser company series solid state laser for example.
Above-mentioned laser instrument 1 emitted laser is by atmospheric molecule, gasoloid or disperse like the clouds and penetrate, and is received by telescope 5 to scattered signal thereafter.Telescope 5 can be the all-purpose telescopes such as reflective and refraction type of market sale, for example 11 inches Schmidt-Cassegrainian telescopes of U.S. Celestron company production.Beam expanding lens 2 and catoptron 3 are existing universal optical device.
The atmospheric scattering light signal that above-mentioned telescope 5 is collected enters optical filter 6.Optical filter 6 is one or more optical filters, as only having represented three optical filters 6 with three arrows among the figure, three photodetectors 7 is arranged accordingly.The centre wavelength of above-mentioned optical filter 6 and the Fu Lang of solar spectrum and Fei absorb the line wavelength and are complementary, and bandwidth is not less than Fu Lang and expense absorption tape is wide.Above-mentioned optical filter 6 can be one or more the combination in interference filter, Fabry-Perot etalon, grating beam splitting device or the faraday anomalous dispersion wave filter.Optical filter 6 is selected one or more wave filter, can form the detection channels of difference in functionality, carries out the detection of different wavelength of laser back scattering spectrum and polarization characteristic respectively.The centre wavelength of the emission wavelength of obvious above-mentioned laser instrument 1, optical filter 6 should be simultaneously with a solar spectrum in the fraunhofer concealed wire be complementary.
Scattered signal through above-mentioned optical filter 6 filtering is converted to electric current or voltage signal by photodetector 7.Photodetector 7 adopts at a high speed and the photoelectric detector of high-quantum efficiency, to gather the atmospheric backscatter signal of laser.Photodetector 7 is with the spectral response wavelength of optical filter 6 and quantity corresponding one or more photomultiplier, photodiode or charge-coupled device (CCD) to be set, the H5783 type photomultiplier of for example Japanese Hamamatsu company, concrete model can be selected according to the difference of detection wavelength.
Central control unit 8 is central controllers that have photon counter and software of using always.After entering central control unit 8, the electric signal of photodetector 7 outputs is converted to digital signal, i.e. the photon numbers of atmospheric backscatter signal.Pass through then with computed in software go out the intensity and the spectral characteristic of atmospheric scattering signal.
Reduce laser radar sky background on daytime light and improve the method for surveying signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)
The first step is chosen at least one in receptivity is stronger in the solar spectrum following Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire: the 404.582nm of the 374.95nm of the 517.270nm of the 516.733nm of Mg element, Mg element, the 518.362nm of Mg element, Fe element, the 375.824nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 526.955nm of Fe element, the 532.419nm of Fe element, 532.805nm, the H of Fe element
αThe 656.281nm of element;
Second step, choose laser light source, the centre wavelength of its emission wavelength and above-mentioned Fu Lang that chooses and Fei concealed wire is complementary, the live width of laser should be less than or equal to the live width of Fu Lang and expense concealed wire, and sun bias light suppresses effect to reach preferably.If the selection tunable laser then can be selected one or more Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire wavelength that is complementary respectively.
The emission laser of laser instrument is transmitted in the middle of the atmosphere through optical delivery devices such as catoptrons after compressing the angle of divergence through beam expanding lens, is scattered particle such as atmospheric molecule, gasoloid or disperses like the clouds and penetrate.
The 3rd step, select optical filter and above-mentioned laser instrument to be complementary, the wavelength of optical filter is corresponding to above-mentioned Fu Lang that chooses and Fei concealed wire wavelength, optical filter carries out filtering to the sky background light in the scattered light of telescope collection, and promptly optical filter is used for filtering not by the sky background light of other spectral ranges of Fu Lang and the absorption of expense concealed wire.
Optical filter can be realized by one or more combination in interference filter, Fabry-Perot etalon, grating beam splitting device or the faraday anomalous dispersion wave filter.Optical filter can be one or more optical filter, and the laser light scattering signal is divided into different spectrum and polarization detection channels, surveys scattering spectrum and its polarization characteristic of different wave length respectively.
At last, by photodetector the filtered scattered light signal of optical filter is carried out opto-electronic conversion.Electric signal after the conversion enters the atmospheric scattering strength signal that the central control unit that has software promptly calculates high s/n ratio, makes the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of laser radar detection on daytime compare raising 10%-20% with Fei Fulang with expense concealed wire laser radar.
The calculating of scattering strength is calculated according to general laser radar equation.The number of photodetector and spectral response wavelength are identical with the number and the receiving spectrum of above-mentioned optical filter.
Embodiment 1:
To be used to measuring photon counting laser radar apparatus atmospheric extinction coefficient, that be operated in 518.362nm is example.
The Fu Lang of Mg element and Fei concealed wire 518.362nm are complementary in the wavelength of laser instrument and the solar spectrum.The Mg element is 0.1584nm in Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire bandwidth of 518.362nm.In order to make Fu Lang and expense concealed wire bandwidth live width more than or equal to emission laser, laser instrument is taked common interferometer modeling method, make laser linewidth less than 0.01nm, even the emission live width of laser instrument is much smaller than Fu Lang and take the concealed wire bandwidth, thereby laser is launched in the dark window of solar spectrum.Laser instrument can adopt the OPO tunable laser, and for example the Surelite OPO PLUS laser instrument of U.S. Continuum company adopts the 355nm laser pump (ing), and output wavelength may be tuned at 518.362nm.
Telescope 5 can be commercially available all-purpose telescopes such as reflective and refraction type, for example 8 inches Schmidt-Cassegrainian telescopes of 91024 types of U.S. Celestron company production.Beam expanding lens 2 is BE10M-A type 10 power beam expansion lens of U.S. THORLABS company.Catoptron 3 is universal optical eyeglasses, plating 518.362nm anti-reflection film.
Optical filter 6 is the logical interference filters of band, and its centre wavelength is 518.362nm, and bandwidth is 0.1nm, and its effect is to suppress Fu Lang and Fei concealed wire bandwidth sun bias light in addition.Above-mentioned optical filter can be by optical coating producer such as the customization of U.S. Barr company.
Photodetector 7 is photomultipliers, selects the H5783 type photomultiplier of Japanese Hamamatsu company for use.
Central control unit 8 is personal computers that photon counter are housed and have software.Photon counter can be selected German Becker﹠amp for use; The MSA300 type photon counter of Hickl GmbH.Software is the Aerosol Extinction computing method that document has been delivered.
Because the photon counting laser radar of embodiment 1 is operated in 518.362nm Fu Lang and Fei concealed wire wavelength, makes the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of surveying its daytime compare with expense concealed wire laser radar and improve about 25% with Fei Fulang.
Embodiment 2:
To be used to measure the photon counting laser radar apparatus atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient, that be operated in 526.955nm be example with a kind of.
The wavelength of laser instrument choose with solar spectrum in the Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire 526.955nm of Fe element be complementary.Laser instrument can adopt the OPO tunable laser, and for example the VIBRANT of U.S. OPOTEK company (B) 355II laser instrument adopts the 355nm laser pump (ing), and output wavelength may be tuned at 526.955nm.
Telescope 5 can be commercially available all-purpose telescopes such as reflective and refraction type, for example 8 inches Schmidt-Cassegrainian telescopes of 91024 types of U.S. Celestron company production.Beam expanding lens 2 is BE10M-A type 10 power beam expansion lens of U.S. THORLABS company.Catoptron 3 is universal optical eyeglasses, plating 526.955nm anti-reflection film.
Optical filter 6 is series combination of a logical interference filter of band and a Fabry-Perot etalon.The Fe element is 0.049nm in Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire bandwidth of 526.955nm in the solar spectrum, and optical filter 6 is used to suppress Fu Lang and Fei concealed wire place spectrum sky background light in addition.The centre wavelength of the logical interference filter of the band of optical filter 6 is 526.955nm, and bandwidth is 0.1nm, can be by optical filter producer such as the customization of U.S. Barr company.The some of the Fabry-Perot etalon of optical filter 6 is 526.955nm through peak value centre wavelength, and bandwidth is 0.04nm.Can customize by Britain SLS Optics company.
Photodetector 7 is photomultipliers, also can select the H5783 type photomultiplier of Japanese Hamamatsu company for use.
Central control unit 8 is the personal computers that have software that photon counter is housed.Photon counter can be selected German Becker﹠amp for use; The MSA300 type photon counter of Hickl GmbH.Software is the Aerosol Extinction computing method that document has been delivered.
Because the photon counting laser radar of embodiment 2 is operated in 526.955nm Fu Lang and Fei concealed wire wavelength, makes the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of surveying its daytime compare with expense concealed wire laser radar and improve about 13% with Fei Fulang.
Claims (4)
1. an all time photon counting laser radar apparatus comprises the emission coefficient of being made up of laser instrument (1), beam expanding lens (2) and catoptron (3); The receiving system of forming by telescope (5), optical filter (6), photodetector (7); The central control unit that contains software (8) that is connected with photodetector is characterized in that emission wavelength and the Fu Lang of following solar spectrum and at least a being complementary of Fei concealed wire wavelength of above-mentioned laser instrument (1): the 404.582nm of the 374.95nm of the 517.270nm of the 516.733nm of Mg element, Mg element, the 518.362nm of Mg element, Fe element, the 375.824nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 526.955nm of Fe element, the 532.419nm of Fe element, 532.805nm, the H of Fe element
αThe 656.281nm of element.
2. all time photon counting laser radar apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned optical filter (6) is one or more spectral filter, the Fu Lang of the centre wavelength of optical filter (6) and following solar spectrum and Fei absorb the line wavelength and are complementary: the 404.582nm of the 374.95nm of the 517.270nm of the 516.733nm of Mg element, Mg element, the 518.362nm of Mg element, Fe element, the 375.824nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 526.955nm of Fe element, the 532.419nm of Fe element, 532.805nm, the H of Fe element
αThe 656.281nm of element.
3. all time photon counting laser radar apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned photodetector (7) is photodiode, photomultiplier or charge-coupled device (CCD), and its number and spectral response wavelength are identical with the number and the receiving spectrum of above-mentioned optical filter (6).
4. reduce laser radar sky background on daytime light and improve the method for surveying signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), the steps include:
The first step is chosen at least one in receptivity is stronger in the solar spectrum following Fu Lang and the Fei concealed wire: the 404.582nm of the 374.95nm of the 517.270nm of the 516.733nm of Mg element, Mg element, the 518.362nm of Mg element, Fe element, the 375.824nm of Fe element, Fe element, the 526.955nm of Fe element, the 532.419nm of Fe element, 532.805nm, the H of Fe element
αThe 656.281nm of element;
Second step, choose laser light source, the centre wavelength of its emission wavelength and above-mentioned Fu Lang that chooses and Fei concealed wire is complementary, the live width of laser should be less than or equal to the live width of Fu Lang and expense concealed wire;
In the 3rd step, select optical filter and laser instrument to be complementary, and the wavelength of optical filter is corresponding to above-mentioned Fu Lang that chooses and Fei concealed wire wavelength;
At last, by photodetector the filtered scattered light signal of optical filter is carried out opto-electronic conversion, the electric signal after the conversion enters the atmospheric scattering strength signal that the central control unit that has software promptly calculates high s/n ratio.
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