Background technology
Phosphorus chemistry industry (abbreviation phosphorous chemical industry) is to be that processing makes the industry of (mainly comprising element phosphor, phosphide, phosphoric acid and salt thereof, phosphoric acid ester, organophosphorus pesticide, phosphate fertilizer etc.) of various phosphorous goods to raw material through physical chemistry with the Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL).Since nearly half a century, owing to the widespread use of product in fields such as chemical industry, light industry, food, pharmacy, fire-fightings, phosphorous chemical industry has kept stable development.Because the specification of quality of fine phosphate adopts thermal phosphoric acid technology to satisfy its requirement for a long time.But variation along with the market requirement, and the restriction of factor such as resource, environment, the energy, phosphoric acid and inorganic phosphate production technology based on the wet phosphoric acid purifying technology replace traditional thermal phosphoric acid and phosphate production technical development very fast, become the focus of Modern Phosphating worker hi-tech development.
The operational path that with sulfuric acid is raw material is fundamental method in the Wet-process Phosphoric Acid Production.Phosphoric acid by wet process comes down to the nitration mixture of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and silicofluoric acid, contain plurality of impurities (as calcium, magnesium, fluorine, iron, aluminium, sulfate radical plasma), it is multiple fertile generally to be used to produce phosphorus, be used for process industry level, feed grade even food grade phosphoric acid product salt, must be with thick wet phosphoric acid purifying to remove impurity.At present, the purification of phosphoric acid by wet process mainly contains following several method: organic solvent extractionprocess; Ion exchange method; Ion exchange method and electroosmose process; Phosphoric Acid Concentration crystallization process or complex salt crystal method; Chemical precipitation method etc.
Organic solvent extractionprocess must adopt multi-stage solvent extraction, because therefore organic solvent high volatility, inflammable, explosive need take various security measuress; Organic solvent costs an arm and a leg, and the higher recovery system of yield etc. must be set, thereby increase the facility investment expense.In addition, negatively charged ion SO in the acid
4 2-, F
-, SiF
6 2-Remove Deng being difficult for; Gained purification of phosphoric acid concentration is lower; Generation contains residue (account for raw material 30%~50%) of a large amount of impurity etc.The advantage of this method is that phosphoric acid contacts with solvent and can be once removes various impurity in the disacidify, but and operate continuously, so be the main method of present wet phosphoric acid purifying.The development trend of this method is to develop into two-phase method by one-stage process; Develop into multiple solvent by single solvent.To the research of solvent itself, then more pay attention to the selectivity of phosphoric acid and impurity and at the partition ratio of solvent phase and aqueous phase.The phosphoric acid by wet process that solvent extration purifies can satisfy the requirement of PHOSPHORIC ACID TECH.GRADE or manufacturing feed-grade phosphate mostly, can reach the standard of food grade and even pharmaceutical grade after special the processing.The difference of various Technologies is that mainly solvent types is different with auxiliary treatment process.At present, solvent extration has become and has been used for one of most effectual way of refining phosphoric acid by wet process abroad.
Ion exchange method is because of can only making raw material with rarer phosphoric acid, thereby resin demand is big, and the acid of gained needs further to concentrate, and ion exchange resin need carry out manipulation of regeneration.
Recrystallization method is phosphoric acid by wet process to be concentrated or add other Synergist S-421 95s and phosphoric acid to form complex salt crystal, and after filtration, impurity is stayed in the aqueous solution and is removed.Because crystallization is carried secretly, this method is difficult to obtain highly purified acid, and the crystalline product yield is low, and concentration process easily causes corrosion to equipment and materials.
Chemical precipitation method can be removed partial cation or negatively charged ion, but it is not high to purify the degree of depth, and introduces another kind of ion again.Unless the compound solubility product that generates is very little, and can more fully remove foreign ion, as the sulfide of heavy metal, generally all need cooperate methods such as organic solvent extraction or ion exchange resin.
Single can not be comprehensively and the deeply purifying and removing decon with a kind of method, can not inside a technical process, obtain PHOSPHORIC ACID TECH.GRADE, food grade phosphoric acid and industrial monoammonium phosphate simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of low cost, high percentage extraction, high P
2O
5Utilization ratio makes the composite purification method of PHOSPHORIC ACID TECH.GRADE, food grade phosphoric acid and industrial monoammonium phosphate simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind ofly prepare the method for PHOSPHORIC ACID TECH.GRADE, food grade phosphoric acid and industrial monoammonium phosphate with phosphoric acid by wet process, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
Step 1, phosphoric acid by wet process is removed solid substance with being pumped into pressure filter, the clear liquid that obtains enters extraction tower top, the extraction tower bottom adds the extraction agent of 3~9 times of volumes of clear liquid simultaneously, described extraction agent is a tbp, thinner, discoloring agent, proportion relation is 2: 1: 0.00005, under 45~55 ℃, carry out hybrid extraction, under 45~55 ℃, carry out hybrid extraction, form organic phase (main thing extraction agent, dilute phosphoric acid and anionic part etc.) and extracting phase (mainly be dilute phosphoric acid, partial cation etc.), organic phase enters desulfurization defluorinate groove and the sweetening agent that adds 1.05~1.1 times of energy neutralisation of sulphuric acid radical ion and fluorions, behind the abundant stirring reaction of defluorinating agent and regenerator, overflow enters clarifying tank and carries out sedimentation, layering, the bottom slurry is after pressure filter filters, and filtrate is returned clarifying tank;
Step 2, supernatant liquid in the clarifying tank enters the washing tower from the bottom inlet, washing tower middle and lower part inlet adds purifying phosphoric acid and the described supernatant liquid thorough mixing and the layering of 5~15 times of volumes of described supernatant liquid, lower floor extracting phase washing acid adds liquefied ammonia modulation degree of neutralization and is controlled to be 1.0~1.05 and reacts at neutralizing well, force the vacuum concentration system to concentrate with being pumped into, put into crystallisation by cooling groove growing the grain, stiff, obtain wet monoammonium phosphate through centrifugation, send into fluidizing fluid-bedly again with rotary conveyor, make high-quality crystalloid industrial monoammonium phosphate (total nutrient N+P with behind the hot-air dry
2O
5〉=72%), the mother liquor of centrifugation generation returns neutralizing well;
Step 3, described purifying phosphoric acid and described supernatant liquid thorough mixing and stratified upper organic phase, flow into washing organic phase groove from washing tower top, squeeze into back extraction tower middle and lower part inlet with pump, after adding the de-salted water thorough mixing and layering of 4~10 times of volumes of described upper organic phase from back extraction tower middle and upper part inlet simultaneously, extraction agent flows out from extraction tower top, recycles after the interchanger heat exchange, and the back extraction dilute phosphoric acid flows into the finished acid medial launder from the extraction tower bottom;
Step 4, the back extraction dilute phosphoric acid is sent into the abundant stirring reaction of sweetening agent of smart desulfurizer and 1.05~1.1 times of the energy neutralisation of sulphuric acid radical ions that adds simultaneously with pump, it is temporary to enter medial launder from the top overflow of smart desulfurizer, after with pump it being sent into the vertical type full automatic pressure filter filtration again, it is temporary that clear liquid enters medial launder, squeezes into pump and force the vacuum concentration system to concentrate and further obtain industrial phosphoric acid after the defluorinate (to contain P
2O
585%), again industrial phosphoric acid is carried out recrystallization and separate and to make food grade phosphoric acid;
In order to reach better effect, the barium carbonate of sweetening agent described in the step 1, ground phosphate rock or both mixing; Described defluorinating agent soda ash; Described regenerator caustic soda.The barium carbonate of sweetening agent described in the step 4.
Above-mentioned steps 1, step 2 adopts the multistage coupled wet phosphoric acid purifying of chemical precipitation, organic solvent extraction and recrystallization technology described in the step 3, step 4.The regeneration of extraction agent described in the step 3 and recycle, the online decolouring of the described charcoal non activated of step 1, described discoloring agent is a hydrogen peroxide, does not need special decoloring equipment.The sludge that vertical type full automatic pressure filter produces in the above-mentioned technology is with after raffinate mixes, with being pumped into composting system production fertilizer grade monoammonium phosphate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) realizes the combination of phosphoric acid purification and slag acid composting.In the production process of large phosphate fertilizer, extract part phosphoric acid production purifying phosphoric acid, raffinate that produces in the scavenging process and sludge are then delivered to the fertilizer device and are produced the fertilizer grade monoammonium phosphate.Raffinate is produced phosphate fertilizer and is not reduced its value, realizes the economic utilization of fertilizer-salt binding, the waste gas qualified discharge after administering that produces in the while production process, and waste water and waste residue produce all and fully utilize, and belong to environmentally friendly friendly process.
(2) realize PHOSPHORIC ACID TECH.GRADE, food grade phosphoric acid and industrial monoammonium phosphate coproduction, made phosphoric acid by wet process obtain rational classification utilization, improved the added value of phosphorus, can further develop the technical grade and the food-grade phosphate in its downstream.
(3) directly utilize dilute phosphoric acid manufacture level phosphoric acid and food grade phosphoric acid ,-wet phosphoric acid purifying-reconcentration concentrated with the diluted acid of present concentrated acid purification techniques both domestic and external compared, cut down the consumption of energy greatly.Purifying technology has the ability that impurity level is big, class is many of removing.Multistage coupling separation technology successful Application in phosphoric acid purification has solved the task that traditional phosphoric acid impurity isolation technique is difficult to finish.
(4) adopt chemical precipitation method, solvent extration and recrystallization method process combined, realize having complementary advantages, improve project technico-economical comparison level, make Industry Promotion have better adaptive faculty and application prospect.Utilize the phosphoric acid extraction process of finding not to be subjected to the rule that influences of sulfate ion, optimize sweetening process, greatly simplify technical process.
(5) screen a kind of organic solvent (comprising thinner) that adapts to the extraction of wet method dilute phosphoric acid, and realized the regeneration and the recycle of extraction agent.
(6) adopt the charcoal non activated decoloring method.Colourity is an important indicator of industrial phosphoric acid, requires water white transparency or slightly yellow.Traditional extraction technology mostly adopts gac or hydrogen peroxide decolouring, and is equipped with special decoloring equipment.The present invention adds the charcoal non activated discoloring agent in extraction agent and thinner, can thoroughly remove the pigment in the phosphoric acid in extraction process, does not need special decolouring flow process and equipment, has shortened technical process, saves investment and running cost.
(7) in the defluorinate process, add the extractant regeneration agent, do not need special extractant regeneration equipment, shortened technical process, save investment and running cost, improved driving rate.Extraction agent in use can progressively wear out, so that finally loses the extraction function, must regenerate to extraction agent.Traditional extraction technology generally all is equipped with special extractant regeneration flow process and equipment.
(8) adopt the high-efficiency vertical full automatic pressure filter, intensity filter improves more than 6 times than conventional panels basket pressure filter.Conventional panels basket pressure filter throughput is low, level of automation is low, floor space is big, labour intensity is big.The vertical type full automatic pressure filter that the present invention adopts integrates filtration, extruding, washing, secondary extrusion, air-dry, slag dumping, adopts the PLC full automatic control, it is big to have throughput, filter residue liquid holdup low (below 1.6%), the self-cleaning regeneration of filter cloth, compact construction takes up an area of advantages such as few.
(9) in extraction procedure, add interchanger and remove the heat in the extraction agent after the back extraction, realize low-temperature extraction and high temperature back extraction, further improve percentage extraction, make back extraction more thorough.The phosphoric acid by wet process extraction is an exothermic process, and traditional extraction technology extracts high temperature, back extraction low temperature often, causes percentage extraction low.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of to prepare the method for PHOSPHORIC ACID TECH.GRADE, food grade phosphoric acid and industrial monoammonium phosphate with phosphoric acid by wet process, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
Step 1, phosphoric acid by wet process is removed solid substance with being pumped into vertical type full automatic pressure filter, the clear liquid that obtains enters extraction tower top, the extraction tower bottom adds the extraction agent of 6 times of volumes of clear liquid simultaneously, described extraction agent is a tbp, kerosene, hydrogen peroxide, proportion relation is 2: 1: 0.00005, under 50 ℃, carry out hybrid extraction, form organic phase (main thing extraction agent, dilute phosphoric acid and anionic part etc.) and extracting phase (mainly be dilute phosphoric acid, partial cation etc.), organic phase enters desulfurization defluorinate groove and the sweetening agent barium carbonate that adds 1.1 times of energy neutralisation of sulphuric acid radical ion and fluorions, behind defluorinating agent soda ash and the abundant stirring reaction of regenerator caustic soda, overflow enters clarifying tank and carries out sedimentation, layering, the bottom slurry is after vertical type full automatic pressure filter filters, and filtrate is returned clarifying tank;
Step 2, supernatant liquid in the clarifying tank enters the washing tower from the bottom inlet, washing tower middle and lower part inlet adds purifying phosphoric acid and the described supernatant liquid thorough mixing and the layering of 10 times of volumes of described supernatant liquid, liquefied ammonia with 1.02 times of washing acids in lower floor's extracting phase washing acid adding energy reacts at neutralizing well, force the vacuum concentration system to concentrate with being pumped into, put into crystallisation by cooling groove growing the grain, stiff, obtain wet monoammonium phosphate through centrifugation, send into fluidizing fluid-bedly again with rotary conveyor, make high-quality crystalloid industrial monoammonium phosphate (total nutrient N+P with behind the hot-air dry
2O
5〉=72%), the mother liquor of centrifugation generation returns neutralizing well;
Step 3, described purifying phosphoric acid and described supernatant liquid thorough mixing and stratified upper organic phase, flow into washing organic phase groove from washing tower top, squeeze into back extraction tower middle and lower part inlet with pump, after adding the de-salted water thorough mixing and layering of 7 times of volumes of described upper organic phase from back extraction tower middle and upper part inlet simultaneously, extraction agent flows out from extraction tower top, recycles after the interchanger heat exchange, and the back extraction dilute phosphoric acid flows into the finished acid medial launder from the extraction tower bottom;
Step 4, with pump with the back extraction dilute phosphoric acid send into smart desulfurizer with add simultaneously can the neutralisation of sulphuric acid radical ion 1.05 times the abundant stirring reaction of sweetening agent barium carbonate, it is temporary to enter medial launder from the top overflow of smart desulfurizer, after with pump it being sent into the vertical type full automatic pressure filter filtration again, it is temporary that clear liquid enters medial launder, squeezes into pump and force the vacuum concentration system to concentrate and further obtain industrial phosphoric acid after the defluorinate (to contain P
2O
585%), again industrial phosphoric acid is carried out recrystallization and separate and to make food grade phosphoric acid;
The sludge that vertical type full automatic pressure filter produces in the above-mentioned technology is with after raffinate mixes, with being pumped into composting system production fertilizer grade monoammonium phosphate.