CN101169476A - Forest canopy hilly land multi-stage accuracy automatic positioning technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic positioning technique with muti-precision in forest canopy and mountainous region. The invention is suitable in a closed forest condition. Because of the closed forest and the influence of the landform, the satellite signals which are received by DGPS are interfered and the datum transmitting broadcasting station signals are ineffectiveness, thereby the application of the DGPS in mountainous regions, hilly regions and forest canopy is limited. A compass and a total station instrument are used in the poisoning technique to make the orientation assisted by a non-directional lead. A wide segment is selected outside the closed forest canopy to measure a positioning fiducial station using the DGPS. On the base of the locating fiducial station, a checking point is selected in the closed forest canopy, and orientation is made using the compass and the total station instrument. The results are positioned according to the fiducial station DGPS. A programme design is carried out through the PDA, and the positioning results of each checking point are automatically calculated. The space positioning of a blind area in which the DGPS system is ineffective is realized.

Description

Forest canopy hilly land multi-stage accuracy automatic positioning technology

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of forest location technology, particularly a kind of forest canopy hilly land multi-stage accuracy automatic positioning technology.

Two, technical background

Global Positioning System (GPS) (GPS) as modern high technology in forestry, agricultural, mapping, geology, mining industry, oil, industries such as civil engineering are used widely, because the GPS technology has in real time, dynamically, automatically, the function of round-the-clock definite spatial three-dimensional position and operating rate, thereby monitor at forest inventory investigation, navigation, the location, map data update, area of woods is precisely monitored, scattered seeds by airplane for afforestation, the forest disease and pest monitoring, the forest fires monitoring, woods circle is divided, aspects such as resource management need space orientation technique to carry out woods to define the position, Lin Quan divides, the forest authentication, positioning experiment in the woods, sampling point resets and the work of the corresponding grade with ground investigation of remotely-sensed data.

Mountain area, many places, China forest land, because the influence of interference factors such as mountain topography, crown canopy, trunk, make the Position Research of GPS in forest be subjected to significant limitation: prolongation positioning time, bearing accuracy reduce, the positioning result confidence level is poor, the covering property under some situation because forest zone and the narrow sky in some cove area can not guarantee the satellite more than 4, thereby form the blind area space orientation of DGPS system down, adopt traditionally and increase gps antenna or use the mode of hand-held set to overcome the above problems, above the whole bag of tricks all exists its shortcoming:

1. adopt gps antenna is lifted height, make it be higher than the tree crown location, but at some virgin forest, the height of tree surpasses 100m, this method has significant limitation;

2. hand-held GPS receiver can only carry out the single-point location, its real-time bearing accuracy is ± 100m, level well below about the claimed accuracy ± 1m of forest resourceies investigation and management and environmental monitoring, do not possess the condition that these hand-held GPS receivers is transform as DGPS Receiver, when tree crown influences, the hand-held GPS receiver precision further reduces, time lengthening.

Therefore, since the extensity of forest, the complicacy of stand structure, and the location technology that presses for multi-stage accuracy, multistage resolution is applied to the forest location.

Three, summary of the invention

In order to overcome a lot of troubles and the error that prior art is brought inevitably in the forest position fixing process, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of forest canopy hilly land multi-stage accuracy automatic positioning technology.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

1. block under the condition at mountain area, hills area and crown canopy, when using GPS can't implement to locate in the woods, utilize DGPS (differential Global Positioning System) at opening, roadside, forest zone measuring basis station coordinates or utilize the known point coordinate, adopt box compass, total powerstation in close-stand, to carry out the lead location.

2. the compass traverse localization method is as follows: at first, settle DGPS at the reference point at lead two ends, record the reference point coordinate; Then, record distance, position angle, inclination angle, the magnetic declination of reference point, calculate the coordinate of each impact point in the woods by omnidirectional lead mode by PDA automatically to impact point by box compass.

3. total powerstation lead localization method is as follows: at first, settle DGPS at the reference point at lead two ends, record the reference point coordinate; Then, record distance, zenith distance, horizontal angle, the pitch angle of reference point, calculate the coordinate of impact point in the woods by omnidirectional lead mode by PDA automatically to impact point by total powerstation.

This invention has the following advantages:

1. based on DGPS, adopt box compass and the omnidirectional lead operating type of total powerstation, the location, implementation space is supported mutually with mutual supplement with each other's advantages, the shortcoming of observation location, land, resource sharing, the blind area space orientation problem of separating the satellite that must not guarantee more than 4.

2. calculate by the PDA programming, realize the real-time storage and the robotization processing of data.

Four, description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is omnidirectional lead synoptic diagram.

Five, embodiment:

Forest canopy hilly land multi-stage accuracy automatic positioning technology is different with existing location technology, specifically:

(1) in the blind area of DGPS system down, select opening, roadside, forest zone to use DGPS measuring basis point coordinate, as shown in Figure 1, choose A, B in open location at 2 and set up positioning reference station, adopt the DGPS measurement and positioning, obtain coordinate.When adopting compass survey, at first, settle box compass, with the tacheometric survey observation A1 length of side, with compass survey A1 limit magnetic azimuth at the A point; Then, mobile instrument to 1 point returns distance between survey 1 and A, observes the 12 limit length of sides and 12 limit magnetic azimuth; Repeat above process up to the B point.By digital-to-analogue: $\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{\Δ}{x}_{12}=S_{12}^0\cos (T_{12}^0+\mathrm{\Δ})\\ \mathrm{\Δ}{y}_{12}=S_{12}^0\sin (T_{12}^0+\mathrm{\Δ})\end{array}$ The coordinate of trying to achieve at 1,2 two is poor, wherein T ₁₂ ⁰Be 1,2 limit magnetic azimuth mean values, Δ is this area's magnetic declination, S ₁₂ ⁰Be the length of side mean value on 1,2 limits.By the known coordinate that A is ordered, add that coordinate is poor, get the coordinate of each impact point, finish the impact point location under the forest canopy hilly land condition, more than work by the PDA programming, automatic record, calculating is finished automatically.

(2) when adopting total station survey, as shown in Figure 1, at first, settle total powerstation aiming A point, record deflection H at 1 _A, A1 length of side D ₁Aim at 2 points, record deflection H ₂, 12 length of side D ₂Calculated level angle β ₁=H ₂-H _A, station transfer aims at 1 record deflection H to 2 points then ₁, aiming at 3 points, terminal point is shifted in station transfer onto successively, tries to achieve each length of side D ₁, D ₂... D _N+1And β ₁, β ₂... β _nCan suppose A1 limit grid azimuth α _A1'=0, A point coordinate X _A'=Y _A'=0, try to achieve terminal point X _B', T _B', comply with ${{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{AB}}}^{\′}=\mathrm{tg}\frac{Y_B^{\′}}{Y_B^{\′}},$ Try to achieve δ=α _AB'-α _AB, and then try to achieve each limit true azimuth α _i=α _i'+δ; Again according to α _i, D _iTry to achieve each limit Δ x _iWith Δ y _i, by A point known coordinate, try to achieve the impact point coordinate under the forest canopy hilly land condition, finish location work.More than whole process be PDA and the automatic communication of total station data interface, record, handle automatically.

Claims (3)

1. multipole precision localization method of forest canopy hilly land, it is characterized in that: block under the condition at mountain area, hills area and crown canopy, when using GPS can't implement to locate in the woods, utilize DGPS (differential Global Positioning System) at opening, roadside, forest zone measuring basis station coordinates or utilize the known point coordinate, adopt box compass, total powerstation in close-stand, to carry out the lead location.

2. the multipole precision localization method of forest canopy hilly land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein the compass traverse localization method is as follows: at first, settle DGPS at the reference point at lead two ends, record the reference point coordinate; Then, record distance, position angle, inclination angle, the magnetic declination of reference point, calculate the coordinate of each impact point in the woods by omnidirectional lead mode by PDA automatically to impact point by box compass.

3. the multipole precision localization method of forest canopy hilly land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein total powerstation lead localization method is as follows: at first, settle DGPS at the reference point at lead two ends, record the reference point coordinate; Then, record distance, zenith distance, horizontal angle, the pitch angle of reference point, calculate the coordinate of impact point in the woods by omnidirectional lead mode by PDA automatically to impact point by total powerstation.

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