CN101167110A - Improved PIR motion sensor - Google Patents
Improved PIR motion sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101167110A CN101167110A CNA2006800114203A CN200680011420A CN101167110A CN 101167110 A CN101167110 A CN 101167110A CN A2006800114203 A CNA2006800114203 A CN A2006800114203A CN 200680011420 A CN200680011420 A CN 200680011420A CN 101167110 A CN101167110 A CN 101167110A
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Abstract
A passive infrared sensor has two detection members (302/306, 304/308, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338) established by respective detectors and optical elements, with alternating spatial volumes being monitored by each detection member. The detection members are configured such that a moving object causes the members to output different frequencies, whereas a non-moving stimulus produces the same frequency from both detection members. In another aspect, a PIR motion sensor (200) includes first and second elements (202/208, 204/206) generating respective first and second signals that can be added together to render a 'sum' signal and subtracted from each other to render a 'difference' signal. A moving object is indicated only when the 'sum' signal has a frequency different than that of the 'difference' signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to movable sensor.
Background technology
Formerly the simple PIR movable sensor of Shen Qing Publication has low false alarm rate and minimum treat requirement, and it can distinguish for example people's general objective and the little moving target of for example animal, so that only when there being unauthorized people but not give the alarm during pet.
Announced a kind of mobile sensor system in by the 5th, 923, No. 250 patents of USPN that are incorporated herein by reference, it utilizes the blind area between the volume of institute's monitoring space to reduce the false alarm that is caused by toy.Moving target be can't help the synchronous difference of signal between detector and is shown (for example different frequencies), but when moving target passes this volume, simply by the record detector alternately the signal time of generation show in proper order.The present invention finds can be applied to the 5th, 923 through creationary modification in the principle of first to file, and the system that No. 250 patents are announced is to eliminate the needs of blind area and to keep function.
Summary of the invention
In a first aspect of the present invention, the electro-optical system of improving sensor moves in response to the mankind and produces two signals that frequency is different.Yet, disturbing stimulation for the detector of for example white light, vibration, temperature variation, radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation etc., described system only produces simple signal.Signal is admitted to the disposal system of described sensor, and whether its utilization exists two frequencies to distinguish moving target and non-moving interference stimulates.Therefore, improved sensor is for disturbing stimulation rather than moving target to show that the possibility that moves is lower.This is called as false alarm when movable sensor is used to survey human intruders.In addition, described sensor can be determined side by side the direction that moves by evaluating and testing crest between described two different frequency signals, and this sensor for example can be used for like this, only opens the door during near door from specific direction the mankind.
In a second aspect of the present invention, the electro-optical system of described improvement sensor produces a plurality of signals, and described a plurality of signals are from the two-dimensional array of sub-volumes in the space of described sensor monitoring.The signal processing system of described sensor with described signal as about the information of moving target size, so that refusal comes from the mobile signal of non-human (as toy).If necessary, two aspects can be in conjunction with all being able to improved sensor to produce in described all three fields.
Therefore, passive infrared in first aspect (IR) movable sensor comprises an IR detector, and it exports first signal with first frequency when moving target enters the detection volume of first detector; The 2nd IR detector, it is exported when moving target enters the detection volume of second detector has the secondary signal of second frequency; And disposal system, it receives the detectable signal of this first and second signal and output expression moving target.
In preferred embodiments, each detector comprises two elements, and the element of first detector is defining the first center to center spacing each other, and the element of second detector is defining the second center to center spacing each other.This can be fabricated to different sizes with the element of second detector by the element with first detector and realize, and/or has different numbers of elements with second detector and realize by disposing first detector.
In nonrestrictive embodiment, in the same substrate of first and second detector arrangement in single shell.In another embodiment, first and second detector arrangement are in the shell that is separated from each other, and second spatial volume of first spatial volume of first detector monitors and second detector monitors is to the small part optical superposition.
In preferred embodiments, first detector can have at least two row's elements and whenever drain into few two elements, and second detector can have at least two row's elements and whenever drain into few two elements.The sub-volumes of the sub-volumes of first detector monitors and second detector monitors is to the small part optical superposition.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method that is used for distinguishing moving target in monitoring space and has the non-moving target of discontinuous radiation feature, comprise reception from the first frequency of the first passive IR detector with from the second frequency of the second passive IR detector, and first and second frequencies are unequal.Described method also comprises only just exports the signal that the expression moving target exists when receiving first and second frequencies substantially simultaneously.Otherwise, can not export the signal that the expression moving target exists.
Aspect another, disposal system is connected to the first and second PIR detectors, this disposal system is used for only just exporting detectable signal when the signal frequency from two detectors differs from one another.
On the other hand, movable sensor comprises the first passive IR detector, and it has at least two row's elements and whenever drains into few two elements.First passive IR detector monitors first subvolume of space.The second passive IR detector, it has at least two row's elements and whenever drains into few two elements.Second passive IR detector monitors second subvolume of space.Optical system makes first and second sub-volumes to the small part optical superposition.
In the preferred embodiment aspect described, one or more first signal in IR detector output expression first dimension, and one or more secondary signal in the 2nd IR detector output expression second dimension.Described first dimension can be the x direction in the cartesian coordinate system and second dimension can be a y direction in the cartesian coordinate system.Perhaps, described dimension can be " r " and " θ " in the polar coordinate system.
Described signal can be represented positive-negative polarity, and processor can utilize described polarity to distinguish the direction that target moves.Equally, described processor can utilize described signal to determine the coordinate that activates, thereby determines the size of moving target at least.In particular, described processor can determine whether the coordinate quantity that is activated simultaneously equals threshold value and determine whether to activate alarm based on this.
On the other hand, pir sensor comprises first detector, and it is configured to be used to export the signal of representing at least along one of first two points tieing up.Described first detector receives the IR radiation from first monitored sub-volume of space.Second detector configuration is to be used to export the signal of expression at least along one of two points of second dimension that are different from first dimension, described second detector receives the IR radiation from second monitored sub-volume of space, and first monitored sub-volume of space and second monitored sub-volume of space are overlapped at least.
In a kind of alternate embodiment, passive infrared (IR) movable sensor has an IR detector of output first signal, and described first signal has first frequency when moving target passes the detection volume of first detector; And the 2nd IR detector of output secondary signal, described secondary signal has the second frequency that is different from first frequency when moving target passes the detection volume of second detector.Disposal system receives described first and second signals and represents the detectable signal of moving target based on this output.Described detector is big or small each other identical, and first detector is provided with first optical system with first focal length, and second detector is provided with second optical system, and described second optical system has second focal length that is different from first focal length.
If necessary, described first and second detectors can be installed in the shell that is separated from each other.In the embodiment of indefiniteness, each detector respectively has and only has two elements, and the described element spacing between equal and opposite in direction and first detector element each other equates with spacing between second detector element.
According to above-mentioned last scheme on the other hand, a kind of method that is used for distinguishing moving target in monitoring space and has the non-moving target of discontinuous radiation feature is provided, comprise the first frequency and the second frequency that receive from second passive IR detector of reception, and first and second frequencies are unequal from the first passive IR detector.Has a different optical system of focal length separately but the size of described detector is all identical with configuration.Described method also comprises only just exports the signal that there is moving target in expression when receiving first and second frequencies substantially simultaneously.Otherwise, can not export the signal that there is moving target in expression.
On the other hand, movable sensor comprises the first passive IR detector that has and only have two elements, and defining described interelement spacing is first spacing.Described first passive IR detector monitors first subvolume of space.The second passive IR detector has and only has two elements, and defining described interelement spacing is second spacing.Described second spacing equates with described first spacing and all four elements big or small mutually the same.Described second passive IR detector monitors second subvolume of space.Optical system makes first and second subvolume of space to the small part optical superposition.Described optical system defines first focal length relevant with first detector and second focal length relevant with second detector.Described first and second focal lengths are unequal each other.
In another embodiment, the PIR movable sensor comprises infrared eye, and described infrared eye has first and second elements that produce first and second signals respectively.Each element comprises first parts and second parts.System is added to described first and second signals together to form resultant signal.System also deducts a signal to form differential signal from another signal.When the frequency of the frequency of described resultant signal and described differential signal not simultaneously, the detectable signal of this system's output expression moving target, otherwise can not export detectable signal.
Described first element can be monitored first spatial volume, and it can or intersect with the second spatial volume optical superposition of described second element monitoring.Each detector can have and only have two equal-sized positive and negative parts respectively.If necessary, described positive parts each other physics near and insert without any negative parts, and described negative parts each other physics near and without any positive parts insertion.In the embodiment of indefiniteness, described parts are arranged in substrate in the following sequence in line: the positive parts of described first element, the positive parts of described second element, the negative parts of described second element, the negative parts of described first element.The described parts of an element are electrically connected to each other.
In back one embodiment on the other hand, provide a kind of method that is used for distinguishing moving target and have the non-moving target of discontinuous radiation feature in monitoring space to comprise: first and second detector elements are provided, and this first and second element produces first and second signals respectively.This method also comprises described first and second signals is added to together forming resultant signal, and a signal is deducted the formation differential signal from another signal.When the frequency of the frequency of described resultant signal and described differential signal not simultaneously, show moving target, otherwise do not show moving target.
The back one embodiment another aspect, movable sensor comprises the first passive IR detector element that has and only have two parts, it monitors first subvolume of space, and the second passive IR detector element that has and only have two parts similarly, and it monitors second subvolume of space.Optical system can make first and second subvolume of space overlap at least.Described movable sensor has system, and the frequency of the difference of the signal that it only produces when described element and the frequency of signal sum do not show moving target simultaneously.
In another embodiment, the PIR movable sensor comprises first and second probe portions at least, and each probe portion comprises at least one optical element and at least one detector, and described detector has anodal and cathode detection device element at least.There is not any blind area that does not have monitoring in optical element combination basically to set up four or more monitoring space volume between any two adjacent volumes.Described first probe portion is monitored first volume and second probe portion is monitored second volume, and described first and second volumetric spaces replace successively.Moving target causes the described first output signal of described detector, and its frequency is different with the signal frequency of the described second portion output of described detector, and non-moving stimulation causes two same frequencies of detector output.
In order to produce the frequency of distinguishing moving target and non-moving stimulation, the sizes than detector elements of the detector element of first probe portion and second probe portion can be different.Additionally or alternatively, the interelement spacing of the described first probe portion adjacent detector can be different with the interelement spacing of the described second probe portion adjacent detector.Perhaps, the focal length of the optical element of described first probe portion can be different with the focal length of the optical element of described second probe portion.Distinguish the method for moving target and non-moving stimulation as another kind based on frequency ground, the number of lens elements of the optical element of described first probe portion, with the number of lens elements of the optical element of described second probe portion can be different.
In additional embodiment on the other hand, movable sensor comprises alternately first and second probe portions of monitoring space volume at least, does not have the not vertical blind area of monitoring between any two monitored volumes substantially.Each probe portion comprises an optical element and at least one detector at least, this detector has anodal at least and cathode detection device element, and moving target causes that the frequency of described probe portion output differs from one another, and non-moving stimulation causes two same frequencies of detector output.
Aspect another, movable sensor comprises alternately first and second probe portions of monitoring space volume at least.Each probe portion comprises at least one optical element and has at least one detector of positive and negative detector element at least, and moving target causes that the frequency of described probe portion output differs from one another, and non-moving stimulation causes two same frequencies of probe portion output.
On the other hand, movable sensor comprises alternately first and second probe portions of monitoring space volume at least, does not have the not vertical blind area of monitoring between any two monitored volumes.Each probe portion comprises at least one optical element and has at least one PIR detector of positive and negative detector element at least.
Can understand the details of structure of the present invention and operation with reference to the accompanying drawings well, the parts that identical in the accompanying drawings reference number is corresponding identical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of native system;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of sensor first embodiment, wherein has the detector of different sizes in the same substrate in a shell, and Fig. 2 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of sensor second embodiment, and wherein two detectors are placed in the shell separately, and Fig. 3 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Fig. 3 a is the alternate embodiment synoptic diagram of sensor second embodiment shown in Fig. 3, it has and Fig. 3 identical functions figure, but have the onesize detector that comprises the different focal optical system, Fig. 3 a shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram of sensor;
Fig. 4 is the signal graph that sensor produces among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of sensor the 3rd embodiment, and wherein detector is placed in the shell with the orthogonal dimension wiring that separates, and Fig. 5 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of the another embodiment of sensor the 3rd embodiment, and wherein detector is placed in the shell with the orthogonal dimension wiring that separates, and Fig. 6 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of sensor the 4th embodiment, and wherein the detector of different sizes is placed in the shell with the orthogonal dimension wiring that separates, and Fig. 7 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the another embodiment of sensor the 4th embodiment, and wherein the detector of different sizes is placed in the shell with the orthogonal dimension wiring that separates, and Fig. 8 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the another embodiment of sensor the 4th embodiment, and wherein the detector of different sizes is placed in the shell with the orthogonal dimension wiring that separates, and Fig. 9 shows the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor;
Figure 10 is used to utilize the logical flow chart of plural frequency with the output that obtains representing moving target;
Figure 11 is the dimension sensor that is used to utilize Fig. 5 to Fig. 9 with the logical flow chart of the output that obtains representing moving target;
Figure 12 is the synoptic diagram of the another embodiment of sensor, and it illustrates the vertical view of detector and the graphical diagram and the functional diagram of sensor, and schematically shows personage's body;
Figure 13 is the signal graph that sensor produces among Figure 12;
Figure 14 is the block diagram of a kind of optional movable sensor system;
Figure 15 is the synoptic diagram that monitoring space volume side view is shown, and
Figure 16 to Figure 21 is the synoptic diagram of the multiple embodiments of system shown in Figure 14, and each figure all illustrates separately functional diagram of multiple detector (each figure all be derived from before the vertical view of detector element in the accompanying drawing) and graphical diagram.
Preferred embodiment
At first with reference to Fig. 1, wherein show by label 10 expressions, be used to survey for example system of people's moving target 12.System 10 comprises optical system 14, and it is used for image focu with target 12 in passive infrared (PIR) detection system 16, can comprise suitable mirror, lens and other element well known in the art.The various embodiments of PIR detection system 16 hereinafter will be discussed.According to shown in process flow diagram, PIR detection system 16 response moving targets 12 produce signal, this signal can filter, amplify and digitizing through signal processing circuit 18, receive and determine whether to activate sound or visual alarm 22 or other output unit by disposal system 20 (for example computing machine or special IC) then, for example the activation system of opposite house etc.
With reference to figure 2, it shows first exemplary of pir sensor of the present invention after having described overall system structure.As shown in the figure, the IR sniffer that is used for pir sensor 24 can comprise substrate 26 single, that be preferably pottery, forms the first and second PIR detectors 28,30 thereon.Shown in figure 2 in the embodiment, first detector 28 has four elements 32 (two pairs anodal element that is electrically connected and negative pole element), second detector 30 has two elements 34 (a pair of anodal element and negative pole element), and every pair of element 32,34 by the electrical connection combination all is " H " shape substantially.Be appreciated that on a side opposite with a side shown in the substrate 26, detector 28,30 comprises supplemental component (plate that for example the following describes), it is with the element composed component 32,34 that illustrates.Connection between the plate of a described opposite side dots.
Detector 28,30 can be a pyroelectric detector of measuring changes in far infrared radiation.Pyroelectric detector is by piezoelectric effect work, and piezoelectric effect causes charge migration when having mechanical pressure.Pyroelectric detector adopts the form of capacitor---two current-carrying plates that separate by dielectric.This dielectric is generally piezoelectric ceramics and is called as substrate in this article.When far infrared radiation caused temperature variation (and therefore causing certain mechanical pressure) in pottery, electric charge was shifted to another piece by a plate.If there is not external circuit to be connected to detector, then when charging, " capacitor " will produce voltage.If there is external circuit to connect between plate, then there is electric current to flow.
According to this principle, the spacing " d of 32 center to center of adjacent elements of first detector 28
1" less than the spacing " d of 34 center to center of adjacent elements of second detector 30
2".As shown in Figure 2, this difference can be by making the element 34 of second detector 30 than adjacent elements 32 bigger realizations of first detector 28.Also can be by making second detector element, 34 to the first detector elements 32 fartherly spaced apart, and/or by providing second detector element 34 that lacks than first detector element 32 to realize.
Fig. 2 also shows the functional diagram according to detector 28,30 above-mentioned pyroelectric detector principle, that have element 32,34, shown relative size, shape and polarity (being the projection of element size, shape and polarity) among the figure, and illustrated that two detectors 28,30 can be installed in the single shell 35 by the sub-volumes (sub-volume) of sensor monitoring.Fig. 2 also shows schematic symbol diagram, and wherein capacitor is represented the element 32,34 of detector 28,30, some expression polarity.
Fig. 3 shows the IR detector assembly that is used for pir sensor 35, it has first and second detectors 36,38, except each detector 36,38 was installed in its substrate 40,42 separately, the configuration of the two all main aspect was all basic identical with detector 28,30 shown in Figure 2.Substrate 40,42 can be included in separately the shell 44,46.According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, optical system 14 (Fig. 1) is placed as makes two to be preferably different subvolume of space, and make the optics stack each other behind similar optical assembly of two subvolumes respectively by detector 36,38 monitoring.Basically, select the combination of optical components of compound optics, so that the sub-volumes of two detector monitors occupies at least a portion of same space.
Compare the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, fully function is overlapping owing to different big or small elements, so no matter the sensor of image size Fig. 3 all produces two signal frequencies.Therefore this sensor less relies on target sizes than the sensor shown in Fig. 2 and produces detection, and the latter requires enough big target all to occur in the sub-volumes of two monitoring.
Fig. 3 also comprises functional diagram, and its length breadth ratio that two groups of sub-volumes longitudinal cross-sections of monitoring have been described is with arranged side by side.If necessary, two groups of detectors can be wired to together so that composite signal to be provided, and can reduce the required amplifier quantity of sensor like this, but need extra signal Processing with two frequencies separately.
Fig. 3 a shows another detector arrangement, and its functional diagram is identical with functional diagram shown in Figure 3.Pir sensor 35a have size and dispose all main aspect all mutually the same first and second detector 36a, 38a, the two is installed on separately substrate 40a, the 42a.Substrate 40a, 42a can be included in respectively among shell 44a, the 46a.Each detector 36a, 38a all have two and have only two elements (positive and negative) shown in Fig. 3 a, and all element size equate that all the first detector 36a and the interelement spacing of the second detector 38a equate.
According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 a, detector 36a, 38a have the optical system of different focal separately in optical system 14.For example under the focal distance ratio of complex optics is 2: 1 situation, the optical system that the quantity that the optical system of detector 36a correspondence has an optical element can be detector 38a correspondence has two times of optical element quantity.The optical system of placing detector 36a, 38a is so that the sub-volumes of two detector monitors occupies the part of same space at least.
Compare the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, because the complete function of different big small components is overlapping, so no matter the sensor of image size Fig. 3 all produces two signal frequencies.Therefore this sensor less relies on target sizes than the sensor shown in Fig. 2 and produces detection, and the latter requires enough big target all to occur in two subvolumes.
The signal of the output of sensor shown in Fig. 4 key diagram 2 and Fig. 3.In order to simplify, with reference to the detector shown in Fig. 3 36,38.Two signals in set of signals (a) top the 48, the 50th are when existing the people to move through the sub-volumes of detector supervision, export by the separate elements of first detector 36, and two signals the 52, the 54th in the set of signals (a) when there being the man-hour that moves, are exported by the separate elements of second detector 38.As shown in the figure, detector element output gathers signal 49 and 53 frequency different (49 are higher than 53 in the illustrated embodiment).When the spacing ratio of center to center was 2: 1, the frequency ratio of each detector output signal was similarly 2: 1.In addition, exist under the situation of moving target, the maximum positive gradient of first peak value of first detector high frequency signal 49 and second detector low frequency 52 takes place substantially simultaneously.When having moving target, can discern moving target by discerning these features (and similar subsequent characteristics of different peak value/slope polarity).
On the contrary, set of signals (b) expression is in response to the detector output from non-focusing white light stationary source, that brightness changes.Because the response of " identical " and opposite elements is only eliminated basically each other, so signal shown in having occurred.As intelligible with reference to figure 4, under described situation, the frequency that gathers signal 57,61 by the element of detector 36,38 output equates respectively, and can be easily distinguish, therefore reduced the false alarm possibility that comes from the non-focusing white light that brightness changes from the two-frequency signal of set of signals (a).
In addition, from the signal pattern that detector 36,38 produces, can discern the moving direction of human target 12 by the signal waveform peaks polarity pattern.For example, mention with reference to the functional diagram of figure 3 as mentioned, when moving target 12 entered bigger (+) monitored sub-volume from the left side, it caused (+) signal gradient of respective detector element simultaneously, and (+) signal peak of left-hand side (+) less overlapping sub-volumes institute counter element.If this target continues on the equidirectional to move, then can cause corresponding detector element (+) signal peak in bigger (+) monitored sub-volume.If described target still continues in bigger (+) monitored sub-volume, then can cause respective detector element (-) the signal gradient simultaneously, and (-) signal peak of the less overlapping sub-volumes institute counter element of right-hand side (-).In these cases, the synchronizing signal gradient and the peak value of coupling polarity have shown a moving direction, but not the gradient and the peak value of coupling polarity have shown opposite moving direction.Utilize above-mentioned signal sequence principles can determine the moving direction of target.
With reference now to Fig. 5,, can see another embodiment of the improved PIR movable sensor of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the IR sniffer that is used for pir sensor 64 comprises first and second detectors 66,68.In the shell that detector 66,68 can be installed in separately.Shown in detector vertical view and schematic symbol diagram, first detector 66 has along two pairs of dual- polarity elements 70,72 of x axle wiring, and second detector 68 has along two pairs of dual- polarity elements 74,76 of y axle wiring.Every pair of dual-polarity elements 70 to 74 is set up element rows.Dispose with this, the signal that first detector, 66 output expressions, first dimensions (for example y axle in the cartesian coordinate system or the utmost point in polar coordinate system footpath) move, and second detector, 68 output expressions, second dimension (for example x axle in cartesian coordinate system or polar angle in polar coordinate system) mobile signal vertical with first dimension.
According to the invention shown in Fig. 5, suitably dispose optical system 14 (Fig. 1) so that the subvolume of space optics stack of detector 66,68 monitoring.The layout of the sensor 64 shown in Fig. 5 has been set up the two-dimensional array of the sub-volumes of pyroelectric detector monitoring, this sub-volumes is formed by the optics stack of the monitoring space sub-volumes that detector 66,68 generations are installed, and detector is installed to be behind similar optical module and carries out element wiring with orthogonal manner.In other words, shown in the functional diagram of virtual synthetic detector 78, optical system 14 makes the monitored sub-volume of two detectors occupy same space.The white light of moving target and brightness variation can be differentiated, will cause that a succession of signal that passes coordinate system produces because move, and the white light that changes can not.In other words, the position in the two-dimensional space is limited by the synchronizing signal that detector 66,68 sends, and when the variation along with the time, when this signal displaing coordinate changes, has just shown moving of target.Disposal system then changes coordinate with mobile phase simply gets in touch, for example to activate alarm when mobile when detecting.
As intelligible referring to the functional diagram of virtual synthetic detector 78 among Fig. 5, by checking the position that to determine target 12 from detector 66, the 68 synchronous signal polarities that receive, in the case, as the affirmation of the coordinate position that the synchronizing signal from concrete coordinate is provided.Specifically, two positive signals are represented the left upper quadrant of target at overlapping sub-volumes, and two negative signals are represented the right lower quadrant of target at overlapping sub-volumes.On the other hand, first detector 66 sends negative signal second detector 68 and sends positive signal and represent that then target is in right upper quadrant of overlapping sub-volumes or the like.The principle of understanding this paper easily and being proposed can be applicable to the array greater than 2 * 2.
For example, Fig. 6 illustrates the IR sniffer that is used for pir sensor 80 and comprises the first and second 8 element detectors 82,84, and this sensor is basic identical with the sensor 64 shown in Fig. 5 except parts number.The same with the situation of sensor 64, for the sensor 80 shown in Fig. 6, the sub-volumes optical superposition of detector 82,84 is so that each self-monitoring sub-volumes occupies same space, to form the virtual synthetic detector 86 shown in the functional diagram.
When moving target 12 passed the sub-volumes of monitoring, the sensor 64,80 shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 provided two synchronizing signals (x of cartesian coordinate system and y).Target 12 activates a coordinate at every turn in each detector, so that can be by determine the position of target 12 in conjunction with " x " and " y " signal.Understand the sensor 80 shown in Fig. 6 easily and have higher resolution than the sensor 64 of Fig. 5.In addition, if consider the polarity of signal, can obtain extra position resolution according to above-mentioned principle.
Fig. 7 has shown that the dual frequency concept at sensor shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 can combine with the two-dimensional array notion of sensor shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, with the target of distinguishing mobile target based on the number of frequencies that receives and not moving, determine moving direction, and in the target that moves, distinguish based on size (the array number of spots that is activated synchronously).Especially, the IR sniffer that is used for sensor 88 can comprise, first detector 90 and second detector 92 with different sizes (being bigger in this programme) element 93 with onesize element 91 are so that first detector 90 is different for the signal frequency that moving target produces with second detector 92 for the signal frequency that moving target produces.Basically, shown in virtual synthetic detector 94 in the functional diagram, sensor 88 has been set up 2 * 2 arrays of monitored sub-volumes, and this array is produced by the optical superposition of the sub-volumes of detector 90,92 monitoring.Big detector element 93 is set up the x coordinate by polarity, promptly shows " x " coordinate to the right and shows left " x " coordinate from the signal of anodal element 93 from the signal of negative pole element as shown in the figure.When synchronous appearance from the crest of x shaft element together with from two times crest of y shaft element when (promptly occurring) with double frequency, by move cause, be cognizable from each element signal of array.
Fig. 8 shows the another IR sniffer that is used for sensor 96, comprise first detector 98, its have two rows along x axle wiring with two bipolar cells of the signal that produces expression " y " coordinate to 100, and second detector 102, its have two rows along the wiring of y axle with the single bipolar cell of the signal that produces expression " x " coordinate to 104.The element of first detector 98 to 100 less than the element of second detector 102 to 104, so that the signal frequency that produces for moving target first detector 98 is different with the signal frequency that second detector 102 produces.Make monitored sub-volumes optical superposition to set up the virtual synthetic detector 106 shown in the functional diagram.This two-way detector array provides higher position resolution than the sensor shown in Fig. 7 88.
Fig. 9 shows the IR sniffer that is used for sensor 108, except each detector of the sensor shown in Fig. 9 108 all have eight bipolar cells to, it is all identical with the detector 64 shown in Fig. 5 at all basic sides, have first and second detectors, 110,112, the first and second detectors 110,112 and have the element 114,116 that size is identical and quadrature connects up respectively.The element 114 of first detector 110 is arranged in two vertically in the row, is connected to the anodal element of a following centering that is right after and connects up with the y direction by the negative pole element with a centering.On the other hand, the element 116 of second detector 112 is arranged in two horizontal line, is connected to the anodal element of the left side one centering that is right after and connects up with the x direction by the negative pole element with a centering.Shown in schematic symbol diagram, the y direction wire element of first detector 110 provides x direction positional information to 114, and the x direction wire element of second detector 112 provides y direction positional information to 116.Shown in the virtual synthetic detector 118 in the functional diagram, for obtain positional information with the target location be presented at two-dimensional space (x=1, in the quadrant 119 y=2), signal receives synchronously from two-dimensional space, and (x=+ y=-) is shown as a little 120 by signal polarity.Equally, can distinguish moving target and non-moving stray light by the orderly activation of observing virtual synthetic detector 118 mid points.
With reference now to Figure 10,, can see the exemplary logic flow chart of the different frequency that utilizes Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 7 and sensor shown in Figure 8.From piece 122, with for example two signals that detector sends of clock period reception.Advance to and judge diamond block 124, its determine two signal frequencies whether different and, if necessary, whether first signal peak of first detector conforms to the signal ruling grade of second detector in time.If necessary, also the peak value and the gradient can be compared to be complementary with self-defined standard.If detect two frequencies and, if necessary, peak value/gradient conforms to and/or peak value and the gradient and self-defined matches criteria in time, then 126 output " moving target ".Otherwise, in 128 outputs " no moving target ".
Be appreciated that frequency not only refers to sinusoidal signal frequency (it produces at folk prescription in target usually) when constant speed is passed the sub-volumes of monitoring, also refer to the frequency of non-sinusoidal shape or semisinusoidal shape signal, it occurs as pulse when multi-direction variable speed passes the sub-volumes of monitoring randomly for example people substantially.Under a kind of situation in back, have that the detector time per unit of littler center to center element spacing produces no matter sinusoidal whether umber of pulse, greater than having the umber of pulse that the detector time per unit of bigger center to the center part spacing produces.Therefore " frequency " comprised the pulse or the peak value of time per unit.
Figure 11 is a logical diagram, determines by the signal that this logic can utilize the dimension sensor shown in Fig. 5 to Fig. 9 to send whether target is moving.The signal that two detectors of sensor send is received by piece 130, and then, if judging that diamond block 132 places determine that the coordinate of target is for example changing in the predetermined periods, then piece 136 shows mobile.Otherwise piece 134 shows that nothing moves and logic is returned piece 130.
Except definite moving, for some sensor disclosed herein, this logic can enter judges that diamond block 130 is to determine whether the coordinate that is at least number of thresholds is activated at once.In other words, this logic determines whether reach threshold value from the number of signals that a plurality of elements of detector receive synchronously, and its expression moving target equals or exceeds preliminary dimension.Usually, big moving target is behaved, and need activate alarm usually, open the door or take other action for the people, and little moving target is generally pet, does not need usually to take action for pet.Therefore, for being defined as big target by judgement diamond block 138, this logic moves on to piece 140 to show " destination object " and for example to activate alarm 22.On the other hand, if target inadequately greatly then hold fire.
Be appreciated that now the sensor can distinguish moving target and disturb white light, in certain embodiments, the also basic big young pathbreaker's moving target of based target of this sensor is distinguished each other.Equally, one or more the sensor can be determined the direction that target moves substantially.
With reference now to Figure 12 and Figure 13,, referring generally to shown in it is decided to be 200 sensor and can be used as the PIR detection system 16 shown in Fig. 1.As shown in the figure, sensor 200 comprises two and have only two detector elements in certain embodiments at least, and each detector element can have two and have only two parts, promptly positive parts and negative parts in certain embodiments.If necessary, the size of all four parts and shape can be mutually the same.Each element produces signal separately.
More specifically, shown in the indefiniteness embodiment in, above-mentioned detector element parts are from left to right arranged in substrate in the following sequence: the positive parts 202 of first element, the positive parts 204 of second element, the negative parts 206 of second element, the negative parts 208 of first element, all parts of element are electrically connected to each other and are placed in the substrate 210.Promptly the negative parts 206 on the positive parts 204 on the right side and the left side are set up first detector element, and the negative parts 208 on the positive parts 202 on the left side and the right side are set up second detector element.In any case in the illustrative embodiment that illustrates, positive parts 202,204 are physically close to each other, insert without any negative parts, and negative parts 206,208 are physically close to each other, insert without any positive parts.Have under the situation of sensor as aforementioned, first detector element shown in Figure 12 is monitored first spatial volume, if necessary, and can be to the second spatial volume optical crossover (interpose) or overlapping of small part and the monitoring of second detector element.Substrate 210 with above-mentioned two elements can be installed in the independent probe body.Although other embodiment may be utilized above-mentioned superposition principle, two staggered or intersections of spatial volume in the indefiniteness embodiment that illustrates.
Except element view, Figure 12 also illustrates the schematic symbol diagram and the functional diagram of sensor 200, and humanoid figure's picture.So sensor 200 has two set of pieces and when it was placed on after the complex optics, if moving target passes the visual field of complex optics, sensor 200 produced two signals that separate corresponding to the image through detector so.
Can understand better with reference to Figure 13, it is illustrated in two signals (being labeled as 1 and 2 in Figure 13) that detector element produces in the presence of the moving target in (a) part, and (b) part is illustrated in the signal that for example non-moving stimulation of white light produces under existing.Be appreciated that the signal processing circuit 18 that can comprise shown in Fig. 1 and one or two the system in the disposal system 20 can be used for finishing following processing.
As understandable according to (a) part among Figure 13, the signal that two detector elements send is added in together to produce resultant signal 212.Equally, the difference between described signal produces differential signal 214.In order to produce this differential signal, can be one of them signal polarity is reverse with respect to signal base line, then independent detector element signals is added to together, therefore can effectively a signal be deducted from another.
Under the situation that has moving target to stimulate ((a) part among Figure 13), it is different with differential signal 214 frequencies to understand resultant signal 212 easily.On the contrary, in (b) part (when detector element is subjected to non-moving stimulation), though resultant signal is different with the differential signal amplitude, resultant signal 212 and differential signal 214 frequencies equate.Therefore whether disposal system can and detect moving target with frequency information and interrelate, and if detect, then outgoing inspection signal and/or alarm should demonstrations.
Therefore, the signal processing system that interrelates with sensor 200 can be distinguished true moving and other signal better.Disturbing under the situation about stimulating under the situation of white light and at several other detectors, improved detector reduces the possibility of false alarm significantly.
Figure 14 shows a kind of alternative system 300, it has two or more the PIR detectors 302,304 (only illustrating two for clear) in single shell, and receive light from one or more optical elements 306,308 separately, detector and the optical element that interrelates are formed probe portion.This detector sends signal to treatment circuit 310, and treatment circuit 310 can comprise amplifying circuit and signal is handled to determine whether to activate the processor 312 of sound or visual alarm 314.Can according to above disclosed in perhaps according to preamble quote ' 250 patents finish signal Processing, and except following explanation, the opticator of system 300 can be substantially identical with shown in ' 250 patents.Optical element 306,308 can be Fresnel lens, but it is configured to make and vertical blind area can occur between any two monitored volumes of closing on, as shown in figure 15, wherein volume 302a is by the probe portion monitoring that comprises detector 302, and volume 304a is by the probe portion monitoring that comprises detector 304.Equally, for the embodiment shown in Figure 16 to Figure 18, based on the different frequency of synchronous reception from above disclosed detector 302,304, treatment circuit can carry out decipher to moving.Less preferred ground, can in conjunction with of the present invention, use the Fresnel lens that produces imperfect blind area in ' 250 patents based on the mobile discrimination principles of frequency.
On the basis of structure, pay close attention to the Figure 16 to Figure 21 that shows the probe portion different embodiments now with movable sensor 300.In Figure 16, first probe portion 316 comprises an optical element, and described optical element has the detector that comprises one positive one negative two elements, as shown in the figure, limits first interval S 1 therebetween.Second probe portion 318 comprises an optical element, and described optical element has the detector that comprises four detector elements, four detector elements alternately one be positive one for negative, as shown in the figure, limit second interval S 2 between the adjacent detector element.In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the size of each detector element of first probe portion 316 all can be greater than the size of each detector element of second probe portion 318, and/or interval S 1 can be not equal to interval S 2.The focal length of relevant optical element can equate.Moving target causes that probe portion 316,318 produces the signal that frequency differs from one another, and its difference on the frequency is interpreted as mobile by treatment circuit, and fixing stimulation causes the same frequency of probe portion output.Be used to also may distinguish size from the information of volume 302a, 304a, for example little moving target substantially once occupies a volume only, stimulate a detector rather than other detector more, therefore shown that this target is less, and big moving target may take once more than one space and therefore stimulate two probe portions simultaneously.
Figure 17 shows first probe portion 320, it comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises two detector elements, it is negative that these of two detector elements are positive one, second probe portion 322 comprises two optical elements, described optical element has the detector that comprises two detector elements, and described two detector elements are shown as illustrated four monitored sub-volumes owing to two optical elements in functional diagram, positive and negative replacing.In embodiment as shown in figure 17, the equal and opposite in direction of the big I of each detector element of first probe portion 320 and each detector element of second probe portion 322, and the spacing between the detector element of first probe portion 320 can equate with the spacing between the detector element of second probe portion 322, but the focal length of the optical element relevant with the two is unequal, for example, owing in two factors one, make this functional diagram describe the monitored sub-volume of first probe portion 320 bigger than the monitored sub-volume of second probe portion 322.As the probe portion among Figure 16, in Figure 17, can distinguish size by moving also from the different frequency demonstration of probe portion.
Figure 18 illustrates first probe portion 324, and the detector that it comprises two optical elements and has two detector elements is shown as four monitored sub-volume in functional diagram, and it illustrates and positive and negative replacing top row.Equally, comprise four optical elements at second probe portion 326 shown in the end row, it makes a positive detector element and a negative detector element be shown as eight monitored sub-volume in functional diagram, positive and negative replacing.In embodiment as shown in figure 18, the equal and opposite in direction of the big I of each detector element of first probe portion 324 and each detector element of second probe portion 326, but it is unequal to be used to distinguish mobile spacing.Particularly, spacing and the interelement spacing of second probe portion, 326 adjacent detectors between 324 two detector elements of first probe portion are unequal, and the spacing between spacing between the Fresnel lens relevant with first probe portion 324 and the Fresnel-lens elements relevant with second probe portion 326 is also unequal, and it means that optical element in actual applications has the lens element of varying number.Moving target produces time per unit from the first signal peak quantity of first probe portion 324 and the time per unit secondary signal peak number amount from second probe portion 326, the two quantity does not wait and has shown moving target based on this---basically, still moving target is produced different frequencies.Can also realize the differentiation of size.
Figure 19 to Figure 21 shows different sensor embodiments, comprises that certain is dissatisfactory, it is mobile to show to produce different frequency, but supports the embodiment of size discrimination.In Figure 19, first probe portion 328 comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises positive and negative detector element, and second probe portion 330 comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises positive and negative detector element, all detecting element equal and opposite in directions and spacing equate, and do not have can produce ' 250 patents in the identical lens system of blind area.There is not the principle of vertical blind area can guarantee size discrimination according to above-mentioned.When detector element connects up, and when being configured to produce monitored sub-volume array shown in " functional diagram 1 ", can not produce the bifrequency operation because of moving target shown in " signal 1 " among Figure 19.On the other hand, can such as above-mentionedly connect up shown in Figure 13ly and be configured to produce " signal 2 " and " functional diagram 2 ", wherein under the situation that the different frequency from two probe portions exists, show and move detection detector element.
Figure 20 shows first probe portion 332, it comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises two positive detector elements and two negative detector elements, and second probe portion 334, it comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises two positive detector elements and two negative detector elements, and all sizes than detector elements equate and spacing equates, and do not have can produce ' 250 patents in the identical lens system of blind area.There is not the principle of vertical blind area can guarantee size discrimination according to above-mentioned.
Figure 21 shows first probe portion 336, it comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises four positive detector elements and four negative detector elements, and second probe portion 338, it comprises an optical element, described optical element has the detector that comprises four positive detector elements and four negative detector elements, and all detecting element equal and opposite in directions and spacing equate, and do not have can produce ' 250 patents in the identical lens system of blind area.There is not the principle of vertical blind area can guarantee size discrimination according to above-mentioned.This eight element detectors produces 4 * 4 resolution.When detector element connects up, and when being configured to produce monitored sub-volume array shown in " functional diagram 1 ", can not produce the bifrequency operation because of moving target shown in Figure 21 " signal 1 ".On the other hand, can such as above-mentionedly connect up shown in Figure 13ly and be configured to produce " signal 2 " and " functional diagram 2 " among Figure 21, wherein under the situation that the different frequency from two probe portions exists, show and move detection detector element.
Be appreciated that in the embodiment shown in Figure 14 to Figure 21, with probe portion with its elementary cell formal description, it can increase by some first probe portions are placed vertically and/or flatly and/or in other mode side by side, thereby strengthens the visual field., to be appreciated that spacing between parts needn't be represented and to have the blind area just in order to illustrate in the detector element spacing shown in the functional diagram.
The improved PIR movable sensor that this paper illustrates and describes in detail can reach above-mentioned purpose of the present invention fully, be appreciated that it is the present embodiment preferred of the present invention and has therefore represented the extensively purport of expection of the present invention, and scope of the present invention only is subjected to the restriction of claims, unless the odd number element that relates in the claims spells out, usually not to mean " one and have only one ", and more be equivalent to " one or more ".In addition, device that claim contained or method and nonessential solution each problem of the present invention.And, be open to use without any element, assembly or method step in the disclosure for the public, whether clearly mention in the claims regardless of this element, assembly or method step.Herein will be according to 35 U.S.C. § 112 without any the claim composition, chapter 6, regulation is explained, unless use phrase " be used for ... device " this composition is limited especially, perhaps in claim to a method, use phrase " step " replacement " action " to state this composition.If be not particularly limited in this article, not conflicting with this instructions and file history, whole common and habitual implications that the term in the claim will have.
Claims (13)
1.PIR movable sensor comprises: at least the first and second infrared acquisitions part (302/306,304/308,316,318,320,322,324,328,330,332,334,336,338), each probe portion comprises at least one optical element and at least one detector, described detector has anodal detector element and cathode detection device element at least, wherein:
Optical element combination is to set up four or more monitored spatial volume, between any two adjacent described volumes of setting up by described optical element, there is not any not vertical blind area of monitoring, described first probe portion is monitored first volume and described second probe portion is monitored second volume, and described first and second volumes replace successively.
2. sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein moving target causes the described detector output signal of described first probe portion, the frequency of described signal is different with the signal frequency of the described detector output of described second probe portion, and non-moving stimulation causes two same frequencies of detector output.
3. sensor as claimed in claim 2, the size of at least one detector element of wherein said first probe portion (316) is with varying in size of at least one detector element of described second probe portion (318).
4. sensor as claimed in claim 2, the interelement spacing of adjacent detector of wherein said first probe portion (316,324) is with the interelement spacing difference of the adjacent detector of described second probe portion (318,326).
5. sensor as claimed in claim 3, the interelement spacing of adjacent detector of wherein said first probe portion (316) is different with the interelement spacing of adjacent detector of described second probe portion (318).
6. sensor as claimed in claim 2, the focal length of the described optical element of wherein said first probe portion (320), different with the focal length of the described optical element of described second probe portion (322).
7. sensor as claimed in claim 2, the number of lens elements of the described optical element of wherein said first probe portion (324) is different with the number of lens elements of the optical element of described second probe portion (326).
8.PIR movable sensor (200) comprising:
At least one infrared eye, it has at least the first and second elements (202/208,204/206), and described first and second elements produce first and second signals respectively; And
System (20), it is added to described first and second signals together to form resultant signal, this system is also by deducting the formation differential signal to a signal from another signal, wherein when the frequency of the frequency of described resultant signal and described differential signal not simultaneously, the detectable signal of described system output expression moving target, otherwise can not export described detectable signal.
9. sensor as claimed in claim 8, first spatial volume of wherein said first (202/208) monitoring, with second spatial volume of described second portion (204/206) monitoring to small part optical crossover or overlapping.
10. sensor as claimed in claim 8, wherein each described element respectively has two and have only two parts (202/208,204/206), and one of described parts are just (202 or 204), and one is negative (206 or 208), and described parts are big or small each other identical.
11. sensor as claimed in claim 10, physics is close each other for wherein said positive parts (202,204), insert without any negative parts, and described negative parts (206,208) physics is close each other, insert without any positive parts.
12. sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein said parts are arranged in substrate in the following sequence: the positive parts (202) of described first element, the positive parts (204) of described second element, the negative parts (206) of described second element, the negative parts (208) of described first element, the described parts of an element are electrically connected to each other.
13. the method that is used to distinguish moving target in monitoring space and has the non-moving target of discontinuous radiation feature comprises:
First and second detector elements (202/208,204/206) are provided, and described first and second detector elements produce first and second signals respectively;
With described first and second signal plus to form resultant signal;
A signal is deducted to form differential signal from another signal; And
When the frequency of the frequency of described resultant signal and described differential signal not simultaneously, show to have moving target, otherwise do not show and have moving target.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/097,904 US7183912B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2005-04-01 | PIR motion sensor utilizing sum and difference sensor signals |
| US11/097,904 | 2005-04-01 | ||
| US11/134,780 US7755052B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2005-05-20 | PIR motion sensor |
| US11/134,780 | 2005-05-20 | ||
| PCT/US2006/011164 WO2006107642A2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-27 | Improved pir motion sensor |
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| CN101167110A true CN101167110A (en) | 2008-04-23 |
| CN101167110B CN101167110B (en) | 2010-05-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2006800114203A Active CN101167110B (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-27 | Improved PIR motion sensor |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101975970A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-02-16 | 邝亦工 | Headband infrared multidimensional detecting instrument for blind person |
| CN102472669A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2012-05-23 | 西荣科技有限公司 | Infrared motion sensor system and method |
| CN102906360A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2013-01-30 | Utc消防及保安公司 | Seamless authentication system |
| CN111095031A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2020-05-01 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Human body detection device and illumination device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4168854A (en) * | 1978-01-17 | 1979-09-25 | Vsi Corporation | Toggle lock |
| CH676642A5 (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1991-02-15 | Cerberus Ag | |
| EP0624857B1 (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1998-09-09 | Optex Co. Ltd. | Passive type moving object detection system |
| CA2196014C (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 2001-05-08 | Reinhart Karl Pildner | Size discriminating dual element pir detector |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102472669A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2012-05-23 | 西荣科技有限公司 | Infrared motion sensor system and method |
| CN102472669B (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2013-10-30 | 西荣科技有限公司 | Infrared motion sensor system and method |
| CN102906360A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2013-01-30 | Utc消防及保安公司 | Seamless authentication system |
| CN102906360B (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2016-07-06 | Utc消防及保安公司 | Seamless Verification System |
| CN101975970A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-02-16 | 邝亦工 | Headband infrared multidimensional detecting instrument for blind person |
| CN101975970B (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-07-25 | 邝亦工 | Headband infrared multidimensional detecting instrument for blind person |
| CN111095031A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2020-05-01 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Human body detection device and illumination device |
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| CN101167110B (en) | 2010-05-19 |
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