CN101163839A

CN101163839A - Non-combustible reinforced cementitious lightweight panels and metal frame system for shear walls

Info

Publication number: CN101163839A
Application number: CNA2006800033494A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒂莫西·D·托恩扬; 詹姆斯·M·乌列特; 詹姆斯·E·赖克茨
Original assignee: United States Gypsum Co
Current assignee: United States Gypsum Co
Priority date: 2005-01-27
Filing date: 2006-01-11
Publication date: 2008-04-16
Also published as: AR053998A1

Abstract

A vertical shear wall system including vertical metal framing members, for example, C-joists, U-joists, open web joists, or other metal frame systems that support a reinforced, lightweight, dimensionally stable SCP panel. The shear wall system is non-combustible, water durable, mold and rot resistant, termite resistant and is capable of resisting shear loads equal to or exceeding shear loads provided by plywood or oriented strand board panels. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of inorganic binder, for example, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, an active pozzolan and lime. The continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains lightweight filler particles, for example, ceramic microspheres.

Description

The non-combustible reinforced cementitious lightweight panels and the metal frame system that are used for shear wall

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to a kind of shear wall system that is used for dwelling house and commercial building, and it comprises metal frame and light structures cementaceous panel (this paper is called the SCP panel).More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of non-inflammable shear wall system, it has the panel that is fastened to steel frame shear wall system with machinery or bonding mode.Described panel provides shearing resistance dividing plate and axial load carrying shear wall element.Described system provides following advantageous property attribute when using with steel wall framework: the economy of the architectural design that non-flammable, water resistance, fungus resistance, high specific strength and rigidity, assembling speed improve, and owing to the reduction of building weight reduces the ground size.

Background technology

Shear wall plays an important role in dwelling house and commercial building.If consider to make panel to be fastened to the simple box-shaped structure of framework, can see that so strong side force (for example, blast) to a side action of described box will tend to force the sidewall of the described power of opposing to become parallelogram from rectangular shape.Not all cover plate can both be resisted this type of power, and they neither be very resilient, and some cover plate will be damaged, and particularly is fastened to those some places of framework at panel.Must show under the situation of shear strength that cover plate is through measuring in the amount of deflection scope of allowing with definite panel and the load of the Shi Suoneng opposing that is not damaged.

(2.44 * 2.44m) composite membeies promptly are fastened to the panel of framework to the shearing rated value based on three identical 8 * 8 feet of tests substantially.An edge is fixed on appropriate position, and simultaneously applies side force to the free end of composite member, till can not undertaking load and composite member again and being damaged.Measured shear strength will change, and this depends on the size and the spacing of employed securing member in the thickness of panel and the composite member.For instance, to wish that typical composite member showed the intensity of shear of 720lbs/ft (1072kg/m) before being damaged, described typical composite member for example by 8d nail (nail that sees below is described) be fastened to 16 inches (406.4mm) at interval 2 * 4 inches of nominals (1/2 inch (12.7mm) thick veneer of the nominal of 50.8 * 101.6mm) wood studs (at the center), described nail on the periphery at interval 6 inches (152.4mm) and in periphery 12 inches (304.8mm) in interval.(note that measured intensity will and change along with securing member size and spacing change, test provides as ASTM E72.) this final strength will be with factor of safety (being generally factor 3) yojan, think that described panel sets design shear intensity.

The cover plate that uses under the situation that must satisfy the shearing rated value is veneer or oriented wood chipboard (OSB) normally, and it is made up of multi-disc timber glued together.These panels can provide required intensity of shear, but each is flammable and does not have one to be durable when being exposed to water.The panel of being made by hydraulic cement will resist water, but than the wooden boards recuperation Duo and intensity of shear not enough.For some problem in addressing these problems, developed structure cement panel (SCP or SCP panel).

In full the 6th of the people such as Tonyan that are incorporated herein with way of reference the, 620, No. 487 United States Patent (USP)s disclose the structure cement panel (SCP or SCP panel) of a kind of reinforcing, lightweight and spatial stability, and the shearing load that is provided by veneer or oriented wood chipboard panel is is provided its shearing that can resist when being fastened to framework load.Described panel adopts has the core of being solidified the continuous phase that produces by the aqueous mixture of following each thing: calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, active pozzolans (active pozzolan) and lime, described continuous phase is reinforced and is contained the admixture of ceramic microspheres or pottery and polymeric microspheres by alkali-resistant glass fiber, or be that 0.6/1 to 0.7/1 aqueous mixture forms to the weight ratio of reaction powder, or the combination of these situations by water.At least one external surface of described panel can comprise curing continuous phase, it is by glass fiber reinforcement and contain enough polymer spheres to improve the nail ability, or reaction powder ratio being made, or the combination of these situations in order to water that the effect that is similar to polymer spheres is provided.

Full text also discloses the prescription that can be used for the SCP panel with the 6th, 241, No. 815 United States Patent (USP)s of the Bonen that way of reference is incorporated herein.

The 10/666th, No. 294 U.S. patent application case that is incorporated herein with way of reference discloses a kind of multilayer technology that is used for production structure cement panel (SCP or SCP panel) and by the SCP of this class explained hereafter.After the process of the fiber of loose distribution of online embryo deposit of moving and chopping or slurry layer, deposit fiber on slurry layer.Embedding device is mixed into the fiber of recent deposit in the slurries, after this adds extra slurry layer and then adds the fiber that shreds, and carries out once more embedding subsequently.As required, each layer at described plate repeats described process.

Yet, be the improvement that is better than using veneer although on wooden frame, use the SCP panel, needs are had further noninflammable system.

For being used for building, the SCP panel should cause at shearing resistance resistance, load-bearing capacity, water and expand and anti-combustion force satisfies the norm of construction standard, as being measured by for example ASTM E72, the ASTM E661 that are applied to the structural plywood sheet and the generally acknowledged test of ASTM C 1185 or equivalent.Test under ASTM E-136 at non-flammable also that the SCP panel---veneer does not satisfy this test.

The SCP panel should be able to cut by the annular saw that is used to cut timber.

The SCP panel should be spatial stability when being exposed to water, and promptly it should expand as few as possible, preferably less than 0.1%, measure as ASTM C 1185.

The SCP panel should be outside finished product system but bonded substrate is provided.

The SCP panel should be noninflammable, as being judged by ASTM E136.

After solidifying 28 days, dry density is 65lb/ft ³(1041kg/m ³) to 90lb/ft ³(1442kg/m ³) or 65lb/ft ³(1041kg/m ³) to 95lb/ft ³(1522kg/m ³) 0.75 inch (19mm) thick SCP panel flexural strength (flexural strength) of in water, soaking after 48 hours should be 1000psi (7MPa) at least, 1300psi (9MPa) at least for example, 1650psi (11.4MPa) at least preferably, 1700psi (11.7MPa) at least more preferably, measure as ASTM C 947.Described panel should keep at least 75% of its dry strength.

Because its physics of the thickness effect of plate and engineering properties (for example, weight, load are undertaken ability, peel strength etc.), so required character changes according to the thickness of plate.Therefore, nominal thickness is that the required character that the specified panel of shearing of 0.5 inch (12.7mm) should satisfy comprises the following.

Panel according to ASTM E661 and the method for testing S-1 of U.S. veneer association (APA) in should under static state loads, have final load-bearing capacity when testing on 16 inches (406.4mm) spans in the heart greater than 550lb (250kg), impacting the final load-bearing capacity that has under the loading greater than 400lb (182kg), and loading the amount of deflection that has under both less than 0.078 inch (1.98mm) in static state with 200lb (90.9kg) load and impact.

0.5 the nominal that ASTM E72 test uses above-mentioned nail size and distance measurement to get passed through of inch (12.7mm) thick panel is peeled off intensity of shear and be should be 200lb/ft (about 300kg/m) at least, usually 720lb/ft (1072kg/m) at least.The weight of 4 * 8 feet and 1/2 inch thick panel (1.22 * 2.44m, 12.7mm is thick) should be no more than 99lb (44.9kg) or 104lb (47kg), and preferably is no more than about 96 or 85lb (about 44 or 39kg).

Panel should be able to cut by the annular saw that is used to cut timber.

Panel should be able to be fastened to framework with nail or screw.

It is machinable that panel should be, and makes to produce the tongue-and-groove edge in panel.

Panel should be spatial stability when being exposed to water, and promptly it should expand as few as possible, preferably less than 0.1%, measure as ASTM C1185.

Panel not should be biodegradable or is subjected to attack of insect or corrosion.

Panel should be outside finished product system but bonded substrate is provided.

It is noninflammable that panel should be, as being judged by ASTM E136.

After solidifying 28 days, dry density is no more than 65 to 95lb/ft ³(1041 to 1520kg/m ³) 0.5 inch (12.7mm) thick panel flexural strength of in water, soaking after 48 hours should be 1700psi (11.7MPa) at least, 2500psi (17.2MPa) at least preferably measures as ASTM C 947.Described panel should keep at least 75% of its dry strength.

Should be apparent that veneer and OSB panel satisfy some in the above performance characteristic and be not whole.

Need a kind of economy, be easy to assembling, durable and noninflammable total framework and shear wall system.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of system that is used for dwelling house and light-duty commercial building, it comprises metal framework and lightweight SCP panel shear wall.This shear wall is made by the mixture of inorganic bond and lightweight filler.Select the combination of metal framework and SCP panel to realize the synergy of a kind of complete non-inflammable shear wall system.Mean all systems by ASTM E-136 of a kind of wherein all elements by the complete non-inflammable horizontal shear dividing plate on the framework of light-duty cold rolled metal.For instance, described shear wall system can comprise the SCP panel that uses with metal shear wall construction system, and described construction system adopts lightweight section C shape passage, U-shaped passage, I shape crossbeam, box section and the light prefabricated building part of doing of any standard.

When being used for wall, use appropriate metal upright post, securing member, column at interval and securing member at interval by ASTM E72 test the nominal of 0.5 inch (12.7mm) thick panel peel off shear strength and be generally 720lb/ linear feet (1072kg/ linear meter) at least.

Compare with the shear wall system of load-bearing masonry, the vertical shear wall system for partition wall of this SCP can have than height ratio peels off intensity of shear and rigidity.Than peeling off Unit Weight that intensity of shear is defined as the shear wall system (with pounds per square foot (lb/ft ²) be unit) require (is unit with pound/linear feet) to satisfy the specific shearing of peeling off.

The given nominal wall in the 200-1200plf scope for given wall thickness degree is peeled off the intensity of shear specification, the shear wall that SCP covers peel off intensity of shear than nominal wall will be greater than satisfying the identical masonry shear wall that shearing requires of peeling off with same nominal thickness.For instance, be 4 for nominal thickness " shear wall, SCP/ steel frame shear wall will heavily about 4psf.4 " nominal thickness masonry walls (using lightweight CMU) will heavily about 30psf.Therefore, for nominal peel off the intensity of shear requirement be 700plf 4 " wall, SCP's is 175plf/psf than wall peel strength, the CMU wall be 23.3plf/psf than wall peel strength.The SCP wall in the four corner of the peel strength of being considered, (be nominally 200-1200plf) with respect to the ratio wall peel strength advantage of CMU and for the wall thickness degree of 4 " to 12 " for being suitable for.

The native system that has vertical shearing dividing plate on the framework of light-duty cold rolled metal also is water-fast usually.Preferably, the vertical shearing dividing plate load bearing capacity of system of the present invention is exposed to will can not reduce when water continues 24 hours in test and surpasses 25% (more preferably, to can not reduce and surpass 20%), keep 2 inches heads in the horizontal orientation dividing plate top that is anchored on 10 feet * 20 feet 3/4 inch thick SCP panel on the metal framework in the described test.In this test, by keeping described 2 inches heads with inspection of 15 minute time interval and supplementing water.Then, described system in the vertical direction is redirected, and the vertical shearing dividing plate load bearing capacity of measuring system.

Preferably, system of the present invention is exposed in test when water continues 24 hours will can not absorb the water that surpasses 0.7 pounds per square foot, keep 2 inches heads in the 3/4 inch thick SCP panel top that is anchored on 10 feet * 20 feet metal frameworks in the described test.In this test, by keeping described 2 inches heads with inspection of 15 minute time interval and supplementing water.

And, with the opposing of non-inflammable SCP panel and metal framework combination results because the holonomic system of the expansion that moisture causes.Preferably, in system of the present invention, foot long * 3/4, the 10 feet wide * 20 inch 2 inches heads that thick SCP panel dividing plate is kept above being exposed to the SCP panel that is being anchored on the metal framework that are attached to 10 feet * 20 feet metal frameworks will can not expand in the time of lasting 24 hours and surpass 5%.In this test, by keeping described 2 inches heads with inspection of 15 minute time interval and supplementing water.

And the vertical clapboard of SCP panel is positioned at this shear wall system on the metal framework and produces a kind of fungus resistance shear wall system.Preferably, each assembly of system of the present invention satisfies ASTM G-21 and detects, and wherein system reaches order of approximation 1, and satisfies ASTM D-3273 and detect, and wherein system reaches order of approximation 10.Preferably, system of the present invention supports roughly zero bacterial growth when clean.

Another preferred attribute that the horizontal baffle of SCP panel is positioned at this shear wall system on the metal framework is that preferably it can not be edible for termite.

The potential advantage of native system is, because it is lightweight and strong cause, the combination that the vertical clapboard of 3/4 or 1/2 inch thick SCP panel is positioned at this shear wall system on the metal framework allows effectively to use the building volume at given building area, to allow the building volume of the described given building area of maximization.Therefore, native system can allow more effective building volume, to allow at the interior net storey height more shear walls of use or even to use the more shear wall of big figure in the planning zone with building height restriction.

Norm of construction and design standard contain the minimum thickness requirement for the masonry shear wall.The minimum nominal thickness of masonry in the single thing (CMU) shear wall is 6 inches.The minimum thickness of the masonry shear wall (CMU) of the building more than 1 layer is 8 inches.SCP with steel framework shear wall does not have similar minimum value requirement, and can be designed to for tier building thickness less than 8 inches according to the engineering philosophy of being set up, and for the single thing thickness less than 6 inches.Use 6 inches thick SCP/ steel frame shear walls to replace 8 inches thick masonry shear walls can cause the remarkable increase of available building volume.

For instance, we will consider every layer of 3 layers of 30,000 square feet of building with 10,000 square feet, and wherein ground is 10 feet to heights of ceilings.Suppose that described building is 100 square feet, thereby girth is 400 linear feet.We will further suppose, need to exist the shear wall of 100 linear feet in the building core, to satisfy the shearing requirement of architectural design.Use 6 inches thick SCP/ steel frame shear walls (comprising perimeter walls) to replace 8 inches thick masonry shear walls (comprising perimeter walls) to cause in described 3 layers of 30,000 square feet of example, increasing by 2500 cubic feet available building volume.

As in above-mentioned example, have same thickness with use and compare as the building of shear wall with the CMU wall of height, use the SCP that makes up with the steel framework will have the dead load of reduction as the building of shear wall.For instance, we will consider that it is the building of the shear wall of 500plf as shear wall that the shear strength requirement is peeled off in the nominal of needs 200 linear feet, wherein uses 4 " wide shear wall, and the wall height is 8 feet.In the case, compare with using the CMU shear wall, the SCP of use and metal frame combination reduces 41,600 pounds with the dead load of the shear wall in the described building.The reduction of this dead load can cause the size of the structure member in the lower level of described building to reduce, or reduces the size of building lot.

The lightweight character of this system is avoided the dead load that is associated with masonry or cast concrete walling system usually.Less dead load also allows in the structure that has the suitable size of construction on the more unstable soil of relatively low bearing value.

Different with veneer, native system has potentially and is the advantage of non-directionality potentially.In other words, the panel of native system can make its long size parallel or can not lose intensity or load carrying feature perpendicular to the metal joist of framework through being placed as.Therefore, no matter the orientation of SCP panel on metal frame how, the ability that described system support dead load is not broken with mobile load is identical.

But the typical synthetic of the embodiment that is used for panel of the present invention of realizing the combination of low-density, improved flexural strength and nailability/cutting comprises inorganic bond (example---gypsum-cement, portland cement or other hydraulic cement), and it is distributed with selected glass fiber, lightweight filler (example---equally distributed hollow glass microballoon body, ceramic microspheres body and/or perlite) and superplasticizer/vast scale diminishing intermixture (example---poly naphthalene sulfonate, polyacrylate etc.) in the whole thickness of panel.

System of the present invention can adopt single or multiple lift SCP panel.In multilayer SCP panel, each layer can be identical or different.For instance, the SCP panel can have internal layer with continuous phase and at least one skin with continuous phase on each opposite side of described internal layer, and wherein the outer field glass fiber percentage of at least one on each opposite side of internal layer is higher than internal layer.This has the ability of sclerosis, reinforcement and malleableize panel.

Typical panel is made by the mixture of water and inorganic bond, has selected glass fiber, light ceramics microsphere and superplasticizer in described mixture.

Can be optionally add other additive that for example quickens and block intermixture, viscosity control additive to mixture to satisfy the demand of related manufacture process.

The single or multiple lift panel optionally also can possess a slice net, for example the netted thing of glass fiber.

In the embodiment with a plurality of (two or more) layer, the synthetic of each layer can be identical or different.For instance, but the stage construction plated construction can form and contain at least one and have the skin that improves nailability and cutting.This is by using higher water that reactive powder (hereinafter defining) ratio is made skin and provided with respect to panel core.Can improve nailability with the less thickness on the top layer of the polymer content of smaller dose coupling, and can not test by non-flammable.Certainly, the polymer content of high dose can cause product not test by non-flammable.

Glass fiber can use separately or be used in combination with the non-flammable fiber (for example, steel fibre) of other type.

As previously discussed, need a kind of light-duty non-inflammable shear wall system to substitute wooden frame by veneer or the covering of OSB shear wall panel.Also need a kind of light-duty and economic substituting for shear wall system by fluid concrete or unit masonry structure.

The SCP panel can mechanically or by adhesive be connected to column.The SCP panel is connected to column can realizes synthesis, make column and panel collaborative work to carry bigger load than independent framework.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing of the individual layer SCP panel that uses with metal frame in non-inflammable shear wall of the present invention system.

Fig. 2 is the schematic side elevation of the metal C shape column that uses with structure cement panel (SCP) panel in the non-inflammable shear wall of the present invention system.

Fig. 3 is the phantom drawing that adopts the metal upright post wall of the distance piece parts that are suitable for the typical framework that uses with structure cement panel (SCP) panel and column in the non-inflammable shear wall of the present invention system.

Fig. 4 has the phantom drawing that the SCP panel is attached to the metal upright post wall of a side.

Fig. 5 shows the schematic side elevation of the multilayer SCP panel that uses with metal frame in the non-inflammable shear wall of the present invention system.

The modular design and the size of the tongue-and-groove that is adopted in Fig. 5 A-5C 3/4 inch (19.1mm) thick SCP panel of explanation (size is unit with the inch).

Fig. 6 is the fragmented cross-sectional view that is supported on the SCP panel of the Fig. 1 on the C shape column metal frame of Fig. 1 in the non-inflammable shear wall of the present invention system.

Fig. 7 has the phantom drawing that SCP panel separately is attached to the metal upright post wall of opposite side.

Fig. 8 shows metal (for example, steel) the substrate framework through combination.

Fig. 9 shows C t joist metal frame parts adhering to back timber.

The enlarged drawing of the part of the framework of Figure 10 exploded view 8.

Figure 11 shows the test SCP panel substrate system configuration of the metal framework that is attached to Fig. 8.

The enlarged drawing of the various piece of the substrate of Figure 12,13,14 and 15 displaying Figure 11.

Figure 16 shows the framework that is installed in the Fig. 8 that adheres to shear wall with Fig. 9 on the shear wall dividing plate testing equipment.

Figure 17 shows the enlarged drawing of a part of the equipment of Figure 16.

Figure 18 shows from the experimental load of the example of the substrate dividing plate testing equipment that the adopts Figure 16 data to amount of deflection.

Figure 19 shows the SCP panel on the testing equipment that is installed in Figure 16 under the design load and the photo of metal framework shear wall.

Figure 20 shows the SCP panel on the damage state based testing equipment that is installed in Figure 16 and the photo of metal framework shear wall.

Figure 21 is the outline elevation that is applicable to the equipment of carrying out the process be used to make the SCP panel.

Figure 22 is the phantom drawing of slurries feed-in platform that is used for making the employed described type of process of SCP panel.

Figure 23 is the fragment top plan view that is applicable to the embedding device that uses with the process that is used to make the SCP panel.

Figure 24 shows the substrate framework that uses in the AISI TS-7 test.

Figure 25 shows one in the SCP substrate of using in the AISI TS-7 test.

Figure 26 shows the testing equipment of using in the AISI TS-7 test.

Figure 27 shows the data of AISI TS-7 cantilever substrate dividing plate test that have 3/4 inch SCP panel of 4 inches-12 inches fastening progresses from use.

Figure 28 shows from use to have the data of AISI TS-7 cantilever substrate dividing plate test that caing be compared to of 6 inches-12 inches fastening progresses is 3/4 inch SCP panel of 3/4 inch veneer.

Figure 29 shows the data of AISI TS-7 cantilever substrate dividing plate test that have 3/4 inch SCP panel of adhesive from use.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is the schematic side elevation that is used for the individual layer SCP panel 4 that adopts with metal frame in system of the present invention.The main raw material(s) that is used to make this type of SCP panel be inorganic bond (for example calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement and pozzolanic material), lightweight filler (for example, one or morely in perlite, ceramic microspheres or the glass microspheres) and superplasticizer (for example, poly-napsylate and/or polyacrylate), water and optional additive.

Metal framework

Framework can be and is applicable to any metal (for example, steel or the galvanized steel) construction system that supports shear wall.Typical framework comprises wherein having opening lead pipe and electric wire are passed the C shape column of shear wall.

In Fig. 2, show typical C shape column 6.Described C shape column has the column web and from the outstanding top column pin of joist web with from the outstanding bottom joist pin of column web.Usually, the column web has one or more openings by described column web, utility line is passed described shear wall.

Fig. 3 shows the canonical system that can adopt in this shear wall system.Fig. 3 shows metal upright post wall " skeleton " 10, and it is to make according to the 6th, 694, No. 695 United States Patent (USP)s of the people such as Collins that are incorporated herein with way of reference, and is fit to make up to realize shear wall of the present invention system with the SCP panel.This metal frame system only provides for purpose of explanation, because also can adopt other metal framework.In this embodiment, metal upright post wall skeleton 10 comprises lower tracks 12, a plurality of metal upright post 20 and at least one distance piece parts 40.SCP panel 4 (Fig. 1) can any known way be fastened to the one or both sides of metal upright post 20, with enclosing wall and form described face of wall.

Fig. 4 has the phantom drawing that SCP panel 4 is attached to the metal upright post wall 5 of a side.

The 6th of people such as Collins, 694, No. 695 United States Patent (USP) discloses, although wooden column is formed by solid wood (the nominal cross sectional dimensions that has 2 inches * 4 inches usually), it not is solid but hollow and have raceway groove or the building column of " C shape " cross section that the much bigger structural strength of metal (for example 20 gauge galvanized steels) allow to adopt.In order to meet architectural plan and the constructional materials that has the wooden column of certain cross section size based on use for many years and develop, the commercial metals column is through being configured to have the external dimensions identical with making wooden column for many years.Specifically, metal upright post is formed by sheet metal usually, and described sheet metal is 2 inches * 4 inches transverse cross-sectional area with the encirclement nominal dimension through bending.

For being easy to make, the sheet metal of " U-shaped " cross section forms metal upright post by being bent into substantially, wherein meets at right angles with web or pedestal and a pair of narrower side of bending is positioned at the both sides of relative broad terminate in enlarged undercut portions.Described web has the even Nominal Width of 4 inches or 3.5 inches usually, and the side of described U-shaped column is extended 2 inches nominal range usually from web.In order to strengthen structural rigidity, turn back in parallel with web plane and the isolated plane usually in the edge of the side of metal upright post.Thereby these turned rim of sidewall form the edge antelabium, and the width of described antelabium is generally 1/4 to 1/2 inch.Therefore the column of being finished has " C shape " cross section substantially.

The weight or the gauge of the external dimensions of metal frame parts and column and described parts or column are variable.Usually, described parts are inch dark through being made as approximate 4 inches wide * 2, thereby corresponding to the width and the degree of depth of timber frame and pillar parts, in the case, antelabium can extend 1/4 to 1/2 inch from the column side.18 to 20 gauge metals can be used for light-duty housing construction and commercial wall building.The metal gauge of heavier scope is used for some dwelling house and commercial framework and particularly multilayer commercial building.

The inner top cross-bar of extending along the column top in the wall building of building has the U-shaped configuration.They each be formed with horizontally disposed web, begin from described web, pair of sidewalls is vertically dangled from described web at the opposite side of web.The side of the vertical column of described side walls enclose makes the upper end of column extend vertically up in the recessed and ventricumbent raceway groove that is formed by top cross-bar.Column is generally 16 or 24 inches along the spacing of crossbeam length.

Developed the multiple method that is used to connect with fastening metal framework and wall column.On the most basic aspect, metal upright post is inserted in the metal track and by holing to the contiguous metal column from the track outer wall and screwing and it is fastened in the metal track.Similarly, the commercial device (for example, engaging carriage, shearing connector and connector for substrate) that is used for the interconnecting metal framework component is used screw and bolt usually, and described screw and bolt apply in track or pillar parts lateral.

Metal upright post and framework component have been revised as and have comprised that saw or drift slot, protuberance and support, described parts expect to have to be beneficial to and be interconnected to these columns and framework component in abutting connection with column and framework component and/or be interconnected to cross bar and in order to reinforce other non-framework component of column and framework component.Be used at present engage and hole at the scene usually with the known connector (comprising support, plate and joining connector) of interconnecting metal column and screw.Holing and screwing not fastening connector constitutes security risk to the workman, because connector is small and light often, and therefore is easy to be grasped and rotation by wimble.

The 5th, 687, No. 538 United States Patent (USP)s disclose a kind of structural frame parts with C shape cross section, and its flattened side walls that is in the right angle by main flat surfaces and two is formed and is suitable for using with this shear wall system.Described sidewall represents the antelabium of the inside upset that is roughly parallel to pedestal and forms.Increase the ability of metal frame joist part by impression perpendicular to vertical bracing boom of top and bottom sidewall, the minimum-depth of described bracing boom is 0.01 " (0.025cm) and its face on the whole length of described part along main flat surfaces be continuous.By these vertical bracing booms and (but being not limited to) diagonal are impressed the bracing boom bridge joint, vertically set up between the chord member a series of in abutting connection with geometry with via the rigidity that increases web in abutting connection with how much bracing booms, described bracing boom will be not that pure shearing deformation comes bearing load by axial deformation.

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate

The calcium sulfate hemihydrate that can be used for panel of the present invention is formed by gypsum ore, and described gypsum ore is a kind of mineral (calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO of natural formation ₄2H ₂O).Unless indication is arranged in addition, otherwise " gypsum " will refer to the dihydrate form of calcium sulfate.After exploitation, to form curable calcium sulfate, it can be anhydrous gypsum through heat treatment, but is more generally as hemihydrate (CaSO ₄1/2H ₂O).For obtaining common final use, curable calcium sulfate and water reaction are to solidify by forming dihydrate (gypsum).Hemihydrate has two kinds of generally acknowledged forms, called after α hemihydrate and β hemihydrate.These hemihydrates are based on its physical property and cost and select to be used for various application.Described two kinds of forms and water reaction are to form the dihydrate of calcium sulfate.By aquation, α is hemihydrated to be characterised in that the rectangle sides crystal that forms gypsum, and hemihydrated being characterised in that of β aquation takes place to produce the needle-shaped crystals of gypsum, and it has usually than wide aspect ratio.In the present invention, can use any one or both in α or the beta form according to required mechanical performance.The β hemihydrate forms more not intensive microstructure, and is preferred for low density products.The α hemihydrate forms the microstructure of comparatively dense, compares with those microstructures that formed by the β hemihydrate, and it has higher-strength and density.Therefore, the α hemihydrate can be used for substituting the β hemihydrate, and gaining in strength and density, or they can be through combination with accommodation property.

Be used to make panel of the present invention inorganic bond exemplary embodiments by hydraulic cement (for example portland cement, high alumina cement, by the portland cement of pozzolan fusion, or its mixture) form.

Another exemplary embodiments that is used to make the inorganic bond of panel of the present invention comprises the admixture that contains calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, pozzolan and lime.

Hydraulic cement

ASTM is as give a definition " hydraulic cement ": a kind of by carrying out the cement that chemical interaction is condensed and hardened and can carry out this type of effect under water with water.There are some kinds of hydraulic cements being used for building with construction industry.The example of hydraulic cement comprises portland cement, slag cements (for example blast furnace slag cements and sursulfate cmement), sulfuration aluminous cement, high alumina cement, expansive cement, white cement and rapid condensation and hardened cement.Although calcium sulfate hemihydrate is condensed and hardened by carrying out chemical interaction with water, in the context of the invention, it is not included in the extensive definition of hydraulic cement.All aforementioned hydraulic cements all can be used for making panel of the present invention.

The most popular and the widely used race of the hydraulic cement that is closely related is known as portland cement.ASTM is defined as a kind of hydraulic cement of producing by the pulverizing clinker with " portland cement ", and described clinker is made up of water-setting calcium sulfate basically, and the calcium sulfate that contains one or more forms usually is as interground addition.In order to make portland cement, the uniform homogeneous blend of the limestone that burns in kiln, arcilla (argallicious) rock and clay is to produce clinker, and described clinker is then through further handling.As a result, produce following four kinds of principal phases of portland cement: tricalcium silicate (3CaOSiO ₂, be also referred to as C ₃S), dicalcium silicate (2CaOSiO ₂, be called C ₂S), tricalcium aluminate (3CaOAl ₂O ₃Or C ₃A) and tetra calcium aluminoferrite (4CaOAl ₂O ₃Fe ₂O ₃Or C ₄AF).Other compound that exists with small quantity in the portland cement comprises other double salt, calcium oxide and the magnesia of calcium sulfate and basic sulfatase.In the various generally acknowledged classification of portland cement, III type portland cement (ASTM classification) is preferred for making panel of the present invention, can provide higher-strength because found its fineness.The hydraulic cement of other generally acknowledged classification also can be successfully used to make panel of the present invention, and described hydraulic cement comprises slag cements (for example blast furnace slag cements and sursulfate cmement), sulfuration aluminous cement, high alumina cement, expansive cement, white cement, rapid condensation and hardened cement (for example transfer and coagulate cement and VHE cement) and other portland cement classification.Slag cements and sulfuration aluminous cement have low basicity, and also are suitable for making panel of the present invention.

Fiber

Glass fiber is usually as insulation materials, but it is also as the reinforcement material with various matrix.Fiber itself provides tensile strength to material, otherwise material is damaged by fragility may.Fiber may fracture when loading, but the common defective pattern that contains the synthetic of glass fiber is by engaging degradation and damage and cause between fiber and the continuous state material.Therefore, if reinforced fibers is used to keep increasing along with the time ability of ductility and reinforcement synthetic, this type of joint is important so.Find that glass fiber reinforcement cement is along with the time loses intensity in the past, this is owing to the erosion of lime to glass, and described erosion produces when cement solidification.A kind of is with topping (for example polymeric layer) cover glass fiber in order to the possible mode that overcomes this type of erosion.In general, this type of topping can be resisted the erosion of lime, but has found to have reduced intensity in panel of the present invention, and therefore topping is not preferred.A kind ofly be used to limit the more expensive mode that lime corrodes and be to use special alkali-resistant glass fiber (AR glass fiber), for example Nippon Electric Glass (NEG) 350Y.Found that this fibrid provides good bond strength to matrix, and therefore be preferred for panel of the present invention.Described glass fiber is that diameter is from about 5 to 25 microns and common about 10 to 15 microns monofilament.Described filament is combined as the rope strand of 100 filaments usually, and described rope strand can be bundled into the rove that contains 50 rope strands of having an appointment.Described rope strand or rove will be chopped into suitable filament and filament bundle usually, and for example about 0.25 to 3 inch (6.3 to 76mm) are long, be generally 1 to 2 inch (25 to 50mm).

Also may comprise other non-flammable fiber in panel of the present invention, for instance, metallic fiber also can be potential additive.

Pozzolanic material

As mentioned, most of Portlands and other hydraulic cement produce lime during aquation (curing).Lime is reacted, to reduce erosion to glass fiber.Also known, when having calcium sulfate hemihydrate, the tricalcium aluminate in itself and the cement reacts to form entringite, and this can cause the bad cracking of cured article.This is commonly called " sulfate attack " in this technology.Can prevent this type of reaction by adding " pozzolan " material, described pozzolanic material in ASTM C618-97, be defined as " ... siliceous or siliceous and alumina-bearing material; itself have minute quantity or do not have cement to be worth, but in form in small, broken bits and when having moisture, will have the compound of cement character with calcium hydroxide generation chemical reaction with formation at normal temperatures." a kind of normally used pozzolanic material is silica flour, a kind of amorphous silica in small, broken bits, it is the product that silicon metal and Antaciron are made.On feature, it has high silica content and low-aluminum-content.Various natures and artificial material have been known as has pozzolan character, comprises float stone, perlite, kieselguhr, tuff, volcanic soil, metakaolin, particle silicon, granulated blast-furnace slag and flying dust.Although silica flour is the pozzolan especially easily that is used for panel of the present invention, can use other pozzolanic material.Different with silica flour is that metakaolin, granulated blast-furnace slag and pulverizing flying dust have much lower silica content and a large amount of aluminium, but can be effective pozzolanic material.When using silica flour, it will constitute about 5 to 20wt% of reactive powder (that is, hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, silica flour and lime), preferably 10 arrive 15wt%.If use other pozzolan to substitute, so employed amount will be through selecting to provide and the similar chemical property of silica flour.

Lightweight filler/microsphere

The lightweight panels that is adopted in the system of the present invention has 65 to 90 pounds/cubic feet, preferably 65 to 85 pounds/cubic feet, 72 to 80 pounds/cubic feet density more preferably usually.On the contrary, the typical panel based on portland cement that does not have wood fiber will have the density in 95 to 110 pounds of/cubic feet scopes, and have the panel general about identical with SCP (about 65 to 85 pounds/cubic feet) based on portland cement of wood fiber.

Be auxiliary these low-density that realize, panel possesses the lightweight filling agent particle.This type of particle has about 10 to 500 microns average diameter (particle mean size) usually.More generally, its have from 50 to 250 microns average particulate diameter (particle mean size) and/or belong in 10 to 500 microns particle diameter (granularity) scope.They also have the grain density (proportion) in from 0.02 to 1.00 scope usually.Microsphere or other lightweight filling agent particle play important purposes in panel of the present invention, otherwise panel of the present invention will be than required heavier of building panel.As the lightweight filler, microsphere helps to reduce the averag density of product.When microsphere was hollow, it was called as microballoon sometimes.

When microsphere was hollow, it was called as microballoon sometimes.

Microsphere, adds can not make that the SCP panel is flammable with enough little amount if perhaps be flammable so originally as noninflammable.The typical lightweight filler that is used for being included in order to the mixture of making panel of the present invention is selected from the group that is made up of ceramic microspheres, polymeric microspheres, perlite, glass microspheres and/or flying dust cenosphere (cenosphere).

Ceramic microspheres can and use different manufacture process manufacturings by multiple material.Though multiple ceramic microspheres can be used as the filler component in the panel of the present invention, but preferably ceramic microsphere of the present invention produces as the coal combustion accessory substance and the component of the flying dust that is in coal-fired utility to be found, for example by Kish Company Inc., Mentor, the EXTENDOSPHERES-SG that Ohio makes or by Trelleborg Fillite Inc., Norcross, the FILLITE_ board ceramic microspheres that Georgia USA makes.The chemical constituent of preferably ceramic microsphere of the present invention mainly is the silica (SiO that arrives in the 75wt% scope about 50 ₂) and at the about 15 alumina (Al that arrive in the 40wt% scope ₂O ₃), and have other material up to 35wt%.Preferably ceramic microsphere of the present invention is the hollow sphere particle, and its diameter is in 10 to 500 microns scope, and thickness of the shell is generally the about 10% of sphere diameter, and grain density is preferably about 0.50 to 0.80g/mL.The crushing strength of preferably ceramic microsphere of the present invention is greater than 1500psi (10.3MPa), and is preferably more than 2500psi (17.2MPa).

The preferably ceramic microsphere mainly comes from such fact in panel of the present invention: it is stronger about 3 to 10 times than most of synthetic glass microspheres.In addition, the preferred ceramic microspheres of the present invention is heat-staple, and the dimensional stability of enhancing is provided to panel of the present invention.Ceramic microspheres can be used in a series of other application, for example adhesive, sealant, caulking agent, roofing materials compound, PVC shear wall material, coating, industrial coating and high temperature resistance plastics synthetic.Though they are preferred, should be appreciated that, microsphere be hollow and spherical be not essential because be that grain density and compressive resistance provide low weight and important physical character to panel of the present invention.Perhaps, can use the porous irregular particle to substitute, as long as the gained panel satisfies desired properties.

Polymeric microspheres (if present) is generally hollow sphere, and its shell is made by polymeric material, and described polymeric material is polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride or its mixture for example.Described shell can seal the gas that is used for making during manufacture the polymer shell expansion.The external surface of polymeric microspheres can have certain type inert coatings, for example calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, mica, silica and talcum.Described polymeric microspheres has and is preferably about 0.02 to the grain density of 0.15g/mL, and has the diameter in 10 to 350 micrometer ranges.The existence of polymeric microspheres can help obtaining simultaneously the cutability and the nailability of low panel density and enhancing.

Other lightweight filler (for example, glass microspheres, perlite or Aluminum Hollow silicate cenosphere or the microsphere that obtains from flying dust) also is suitable for and is used for making the ceramic microspheres combination of panel of the present invention or substitutes it and be included in mixture.

Hollow is made and be can be to glass microspheres by the alkali resistant glass material usually.Typical glass microspheres can be from GYPTEK INC., and Suite 135,16Midlake Blvd SE, and Calgary, AB, T2X 2X7, CANADA buys.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, in the whole thickness of panel, only use ceramic microspheres.Panel contains usually has an appointment 35 to the ceramic microspheres of 42wt%, and it is evenly distributed in the whole thickness of panel.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, in the whole thickness of panel, use the admixture of light ceramics and glass microspheres.The volume fraction of glass microspheres is with in common 0 to 15% scope at the dry ingredient cumulative volume in the panel of second embodiment of the invention, and the dry ingredient of wherein said synthetic is the reactive powder (example of reactive powder: have only hydraulic cement; Hydraulic cement and pozzuolanic admixture; Or the admixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), ceramic microspheres, polymeric microspheres and alkali-resistant glass fiber.Typical aqueous mixture has from greater than 0.3/1 to 0.7/1 the water ratio to reactive powder.

If desired, panel can have simple layer so, as shown in Figure 3.Yet panel is made by the process that applies multilayer usually, described process according to how to apply with solidify that described layer and described layer have identical or different synthetic and surely can be in final panel product reservation or do not keep dissimilar layer.

Fig. 5 shows the sandwich construction of the panel 31 with

layer

33,35,37 and 39.In described sandwich construction, the synthetic of described layer can be identical or different.The typical thickness of described layer is in the scope of about 1/32 to 1.0 inch (about 0.75 to 25.4mm).Only using under the outer field situation, it usually will be less than 3/8 of overview panel thickness.

Fig. 5 A illustrates the modular design and the size of the tongue-and-groove that is adopted in 3/4 inch (19.1mm) thick SCP panel 4 to 5C.

Fig. 6 is the lateral elevational view that is supported on the individual layer SCP panel 4 of the Fig. 1 on the metal frame 6 of Fig. 2 in system of the present invention.For purpose of explanation, securing member 32 schematically is shown as SCP panel 4 is attached to framework 6.In practice, SCP panel 4 mechanically or adhesively is attached to framework 6.Fig. 7 has the phantom drawing that SCP panel 4 separately is attached to the metal upright post wall 5 of opposite flank.

The prescription of SCP panel

The component that is used to make shearing resistance panel of the present invention is hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, active pozzolans (for example silica flour), lime, ceramic microspheres, alkali-resistant glass fiber, superplasticizer (for example, the sodium salt of poly-naphthalene sulfuric ester) and water.Usually, there are hydraulic cement and calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate.If the calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate does not exist with silica flour, will damage the long-term durability of synthetic so.When not having portland cement, water/moisture durability suffers damage.Can add a small amount of accelerator and/or delayed-action activator to synthetic, the feature of condensing of underdone to control (that is, uncured) material.Typical non-limiting additive comprises the accelerator (for example calcium chloride) that is used for hydraulic cement, is used for the hemihydrated accelerator of calcium sulfate alpha (for example gypsum), delayed-action activator (for example DTPA (diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA)), tartaric acid or alkali metal salts of tartaric acid (for example, potassium tartrate)), the air that reduces reducing agent (for example ethylene glycol) and be mingled with.

Panel of the present invention will comprise continuous phase, and alkali-resistant glass fiber and lightweight filler (for example, microsphere) are evenly distributed in wherein.Continuous phase is to be produced by the aqueous mixture of solidification reactivity powder, and described reactive powder is the admixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime, preferably includes superplasticizer and/or other additive.

Show the typical weight ratio in reactive powder for drying weight of the embodiment of reactive powder (inorganic bond) among the present invention in table 1, described reactive powder is hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime for example.Table 1A enumerates the typical range of reactive powder in the synthetic of the present invention, lightweight filler and glass fiber.

In all prescriptions of the present invention, do not need lime, provide good panel and its will to add with amount usually greater than about 0.2wt% but found to add lime.Therefore, in most of the cases, the amount of lime in the reactive powder will be about 0.2 to 3.5wt%.

In first embodiment of the invention, the dry ingredient of synthetic will for reactive powder (promptly, the admixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), ceramic microspheres and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the moist composition of synthetic will be water and superplasticizer.Described dry ingredient and described moist composition are through making up to produce panel of the present invention.Ceramic microspheres is evenly distributed in the matrix that runs through the whole thickness of panel.In the gross weight of dry ingredient, panel of the present invention is formed by about 49 to 56wt% reactive powder, 35 to 42wt% ceramic microspheres and 7 to 12wt% alkali-resistant glass fibers.In broad range, panel of the present invention is formed to the 17wt% alkali-resistant glass fiber by 35 to 58wt% reactive powder, 34 to the 49wt% lightweight fillers (for example, ceramic microspheres) and 6 of total dry ingredient.Adding the water of dry ingredient and the amount of superplasticizer to will be enough to provide the processing of satisfying any specific fabrication process to consider needed required slurry fluidity.The typical case of water adds ratio in 35 to 60% scopes of reactive powder weight, and the typical case of superplasticizer adds ratio in 1 to 8% scope of reactive powder weight.

Glass fiber is that diameter is about 5 to 25 microns, about 10 to 15 microns monofilament preferably.Usually through being combined as the rope strand of 100 filaments, described rope strand can be bundled into the rove with about 50 rope strands to monofilament.The length of glass fiber will be generally about 0.25 to 1 or 2 inch (6.3 to 25 or 50mm) or about 1 to 2 inch (25 to 50mm), and be about 0.25 to 3 inch (6.3 arrive 76mm) widely.Described fiber has random orientation, thereby the isotropism mechanical behavior is provided in panel plane.

The second embodiment of the present invention contains the admixture of pottery and glass microspheres, and it is evenly distributed in the whole thickness of panel.Therefore, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the dry ingredient of synthetic will be reactive powder (hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), ceramic microspheres, glass microspheres and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the moist composition of synthetic will be water and superplasticizer.Described dry ingredient and described moist composition will be through combination to produce panel of the present invention.The volume fraction of glass microspheres will be usually in 7 to 15% scopes of dry ingredient cumulative volume in the panel.In the gross weight of dry ingredient, panel of the present invention is formed by about 54 to 65wt% reactive powder, 25 to 35wt% ceramic microspheres, 0.5 to 0.8wt% glass microspheres and 6 to 10wt% alkali-resistant glass fibers.In broad range, in total dry ingredient, panel of the present invention is formed to the 15wt% alkali-resistant glass fiber to 1.0wt% glass microspheres and 5 by 42 to 68wt% reactive powder, 23 to 43wt% lightweight fillers (for example, ceramic microspheres), 0.2.The amount of adding the water of dry ingredient and superplasticizer to will be through regulating to provide the processing of satisfying any particular manufacturing process to consider needed required slurry fluidity.The typical case of water adds ratio in 35 to 70% scopes of reactive powder weight, but when but the ratio that need make water to reactive powder reduces panel density and improvement cutting, add ratio and can be higher than 60%, preferably 65% to 75% up to 70% (water is 0.6/1 to 0.7/1 to the weight ratio of reactive powder).The amount of superplasticizer will be in 1 to 8% scope of reactive powder weight.Glass fiber is that diameter is about 5 to 25 microns, about 10 to 15 microns monofilament preferably.They are bundled into rope strand and rove usually, and are as discussed above.The length of glass fiber is generally about 1 to 2 inch (25 to 50mm), and is about 0.25 to 3 inch (6.3 to 76mm) widely.Described fiber will have random orientation, thereby the isotropism mechanical behavior is provided in panel plane.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, set up the sandwich construction in the panel, its ectomesoderm has improved nailability (fastening ability)/cutability.This is by increasing water to cement ratio and/or change the amount of filler and/or add and enough make panel keep noninflammable polymeric microspheres to realize on a small quantity in skin.The core of panel will contain the ceramic microspheres that is evenly distributed in the whole layer thickness or the one or more admixture in ceramic microspheres, glass microspheres and the flying dust cenosphere usually.

The dry ingredient of the core layer of this embodiment of the present invention will (be generally microsphere for reactive powder (being generally hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), lightweight filling agent particle, one or more in ceramic microspheres or ceramic microspheres, glass microspheres and the flying dust cenosphere are for example only arranged) and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the moist composition of core layer is water and superplasticizer.Described dry ingredient and described moist composition will be through combination to produce the core layer of panel of the present invention.In the gross weight of dry ingredient, the core of panel of the present invention is preferably formed by about 49 to 56wt% reactive powder, 35 to 42wt% ceramic microspheres bodies and 7 to 12wt% alkali-resistant glass fibers, is perhaps formed by about 54 to 65wt% reactive powder, 25 to 35wt% ceramic microspheres, 0.5 to 0.8wt% glass microspheres or flying dust cenosphere and 6 to 10wt% alkali-resistant glass fibers.In broad range, in total dry ingredient, the core layer of the panel of this embodiment of the present invention usually by about 35 to 58wt% reactive powder, 34 to 49wt% lightweight fillers (for example, ceramic microspheres) and 6 form to the 17wt% alkali-resistant glass fiber, perhaps by about 42 to 68wt% reactive powder, 23 to 43wt% ceramic microspheres, up to 1.0wt% and preferably 0.2 to 1.0wt% other lightweight filler (for example, glass microspheres or flying dust cenosphere) and 5 arrive the formation of 15wt% alkali-resistant glass fiber.The amount of adding water in the dry ingredient and superplasticizer to will be through regulating to provide the processing of satisfying any specific fabrication process to consider needed required slurry fluidity.The typical case of water add ratio will reactive powder weight 35 to 70% between scope in, but when the ratio that need make water to reactive powder reduces panel density and improves nailability, adding ratio will be greater than 60% up to 70%, and the typical case of superplasticizer add ratio will reactive powder weight 1 to 8% between scope in.When water was conditioned the ratio of reactive powder, the slurries synthetic will be through regulating so that the panel of the present invention with required character to be provided.

Usually do not have polymeric microspheres and polymer fiber, it is flammable that they will cause the SCP panel to become.

The outer field dry ingredient of this embodiment of the present invention will (be generally microsphere for reactive powder (being generally hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), lightweight filling agent particle, one or more in ceramic microspheres or ceramic microspheres, glass microspheres and the flying dust cenosphere are for example only arranged) and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and outer field moist composition will be water and superplasticizer.Described dry ingredient and described moist composition are through the skin of combination with generation panel of the present invention.In the skin of the panel of this embodiment of the present invention, the amount of water is through selecting to supply with good fastening and cutting power to panel.In the gross weight of dry ingredient, the skin of panel of the present invention is preferably formed by about 54 to 65wt% reactive powder, 25 to 35wt% ceramic microspheres, 0 to 0.8wt% glass microspheres and 6 to 10wt% alkali-resistant glass fibers.In broad range, in total dry ingredient, the skin of panel of the present invention is by about 42 to 68wt% reactive powder, 23 to 43wt% ceramic microspheres, form up to 1.0wt% glass microspheres (and/or flying dust cenosphere) and 5 to 15wt% alkali-resistant glass fibers.The amount of adding water in the dry ingredient and superplasticizer to will be through regulating to provide the processing of satisfying any specific fabrication process to consider needed required slurry fluidity.The typical case of water add ratio reactive powder weight 35 to 70% between scope in, and particularly at water to the ratio of reactive powder through regulating when reducing panel density and improving nailability greater than 60% up to 70%, and the typical case of superplasticizer add ratio will reactive powder weight 1 to 8% between scope in.In the scope of outer field preferred thickness between 1/32 to 4/32 inch (0.8 to 3.2mm), and outer field thickness only use one will be when outer less than 3/8 of panel gross thickness.

In the core of this embodiment of the present invention and outer among both, glass fiber is that diameter is about 5 to 25 microns, 10 to 15 microns monofilament preferably.Described monofilament is bundled into rope strand and rove usually, and is as discussed above.Length is generally about 1 to 2 inch (25 to 50mm), and is about 0.25 to 3 inch (6.3 to 76mm) widely.The orientation of described fiber will be at random, thereby the isotropism mechanical behavior is provided in panel plane.

The present invention also comprises the 4th embodiment of multilayer panel, it has 65 to 90 pounds/cubic feet density, and can when being fastened to framework, resist the shearing load, and described multilayer panel comprises: have the core layer of being solidified the continuous phase that produces by aqueous mixture, continuous phase comprises the reactive powder of (with drying meter) 35 to 70 weight % by curing, the aqueous mixture of 20 to 50 weight % lightweight fillers and 5 to 20 weight % glass fiber produces, described continuous phase is by glass fiber reinforcement and contain the lightweight filling agent particle, and described lightweight filling agent particle has from 0.02 to 1.00 particle proportion and about 10 to 500 microns particle mean size; With at least one skin on each opposite side that is positioned at internal layer, it has another continuous phase separately that is produced by the aqueous mixture that comprises the reactive powder of curing (with drying meter) 35 to 70 weight %, 20 to 50 weight % lightweight fillers and 5 to 20 weight % glass fiber, described continuous phase is by glass fiber reinforcement and contain the lightweight filling agent particle, described lightweight filling agent particle has from 0.02 to 1.00 particle proportion and about 10 to 500 microns particle mean size, wherein compare with internal layer, described at least one skin has the glass fiber of higher percent.For the example among Fig. 5, layer 35 can be internal layer, and layer 33,37,39 can be skin, and it is compared with internal layer, has the glass fiber of higher percent.

Make panel of the present invention

In suitable blender with reactive powder (for example, the admixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime) of dry state fusion and lightweight filler (for example, microsphere).

Then, mixing water, superplasticizer (for example, the sodium salt of poly-naphthalene sulfuric ester) and pozzolan (for example, silica flour or metakaolin) continue 1 to 5 minute in another blender.As needs, add the condense feature of delayed-action activator (for example, potassium tartrate) with the control slurries in this stage.Add dry ingredient to the blender that contains moist composition, and mixed lasting 2 to 10 minutes, to form smooth homogeneity slurries.

In following in a number of ways any one is with slurries and glass fiber combination, and purpose is to obtain the homogeneous slurry mixture.Then be poured in the appropriate mould with required form and size and form cement panel by the slurries that will contain fiber.If necessary, provide vibration to obtain the good compacting of material in the mould to mould.Use appropriate equating bar or spatula to give panel required surfacing feature.

Multiple as follows in order in the method for making multilayer SCP panel.In suitable blender with reactive powder (for example, the admixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime) of dry state fusion and lightweight filler (for example, microsphere).Then, mixing water, superplasticizer (for example, the sodium salt of poly-naphthalene sulfuric ester) and pozzolan (for example, silica flour or metakaolin) continue 1 to 5 minute in another blender.As needs, add the condense feature of delayed-action activator (for example, potassium tartrate) with the control slurries in this stage.Add dry ingredient to the blender that contains moist composition, and mixed lasting 2 to 10 minutes, to form smooth homogeneity slurries.

Slurries can make up with glass fiber in a number of ways, and purpose is to obtain homogeneous mixture.Glass fiber will have the rove form that is chopped into shorter length usually.In a preferred embodiment, the glass fiber with slurries and chopping is ejected in the panel mould simultaneously.Preferably, carry out multipass and spray to produce thin layer, preferably thick up to about 0.25 inch (6.3mm), described thin layer is constructed to the even panel that does not have specific pattern and have 1/4 to 1 inch (6.3 to 25.4mm) thickness.For instance, in an application, 3 * 5 feet (0.91 * 1.52m) panel can be made by six times on length and width injections.When each layer of deposition, can use roller to guarantee that slurries and glass fiber realization homogeneous contact.Can be after described roll-in step make described layer flatten smooth with smooth or other suitable structure.Usually, will use compressed air to come atomization slurry.When slurries when jet blower comes out, described slurries with mix from the glass fiber that the rove cutting obtains by the chopper mechanism that is installed on the ejecting gun.The homogeneous mixture of slurries and glass fiber is deposited in the panel mould, and is as indicated above.

If necessary, the outer surface layer of panel can contain polymer spheres, or constructs in other mode, so that can easily drive the securing member that is used for panel is attached to framework.The preferred thickness of this type of layer will be about 1/32 inch to 4/32 inch (0.8 to 3.2mm).The above-mentioned same program that is used to make panel core can be used for applying the skin of panel.

The technician that panel is made the field will expect that other is used to deposit the method for the mixture of slurries and glass fiber.For instance, be not to use batch production process to make each panel, but can prepare continuous sheet in a similar manner, described serialgram can be cut into the panel with required size after material fully condenses.Fiber is similar in 0.5% to 3% scope usually with respect to the percentage of slurry volume, and for example 1.5%.Typical case's panel has about 1/4 thickness to 1-1/2 inch (6.3 to 38.1mm).

The method that another kind is used to make panel of the present invention is the operation that is disclosed in the 10/666th, No. 294 U.S. patent application case by using, and described application case is incorporated herein with way of reference.The 10/666th, No. 294 U.S. patent application case that is incorporated herein with way of reference discloses, after the process of the fiber of loose distribution of online embryo deposit of moving and chopping or slurry layer, and deposit fiber on slurry layer.Embedding device is pressed to the fiber of recent deposit in the slurries, after this adds extra slurry layer and then adds the fiber that shreds, and carries out once more embedding subsequently.As required, each layer at described plate repeats described process.After finishing, described plate has more equally distributed fibre fractionation, and this causes relatively stronger panel, and the hassock that does not need to have reinforced fibers, as at institute's teaching in the prior art production technology of cement panel.

More particularly, the 10/666th, No. 294 U.S. patent application case discloses a kind of multilayer process that is used for the production structure cement panel, comprising: mobile network (a.) is provided; (b.) described online side deposition first layers of loose fibers or (c.) deposition can coagulate slurry layer; (d.) deposition second layers of loose fibers on described slurries; (e.) described second fibrage is embedded in the slurries; (f.) repeating step (c.) is to the slurries deposition of step (d.), till acquisition requisite number purpose can be coagulated the fiber reinforcement slurry layer in panel.

Figure 21 is the diagram elevation of equipment that is suitable for carrying out the process of the 10/666th, No. 294 U.S. patent application case.Now referring to Figure 21, n-lustrative display structure panel production line and it is designated as 310 substantially.Production line 310 comprises support frame or shaping platform 312, and it has a plurality of legs 313 or other support member.On support frame 312, comprise mobile vehicle 314, for example have the ring-shaped rubber class conveyer belt of smooth and fluid-tight surface (yet expection porous surface).As well-known in this technology, support frame 312 can be made by at least one shape fragment, and it can comprise specifies leg 313.Support frame 312 also comprises main drive roll 316 at far-end 318 places of framework, and comprises carrying roller 320 at near-end 322 places of framework.Equally, preferably provide at least one band tracking and/or take-up device 324 to be used to keep required tension force and the location of carrier 314 on roller 316,320.

Equally; in a preferred embodiment; can provide through design before slurries condense, supporting net 326 and/or other backing material net (well-known in as this technology) made by kraft, barrier paper of slurries, and it is laid on the carrier 314 to protect it and/or keep its cleaning.Yet, expect that also the panel of being produced by this production line 310 is formed directly on the carrier 314.In latter's situation, provide at least one band flushing unit 328.Carrier 314 moves described combination such main drive roll 316 that drives as known in the art by the combination of motor, pulley, band or chain along support frame 312.The speed of expection carrier 314 can change to be fit to application.

In the equipment of Figure 21, the structure cement panel is produced 330 layers of the fibers of and chopping loose by deposition on net 326 or the process of slurry layer is come initial.The advantage of deposit fiber 330 is that fiber will be embedded near the external surface of gained panel before first slurries deposition.This production line 310 multiple fiber laydown of expection and shredding mechanisms, yet, optimum decision system adopts at least one stand 331, some bobbins 332 of its fixing glass fiber rope, and each from described bobbin 332 is fed into cutting bench or equipment (also being called chopper 336) with fibrecord 334.

Chopper 336 comprises rotating vane roller 338, stretches out the radially extended blade 340 that described carrier 314 width are crossed in horizontal expansion from described rotating vane roller 338, and described rotating vane roller 338 be set to 342 one-tenth of backing rolls closely, contact and rotation relationship.In a preferred embodiment, blade roller 338 and backing roll 342 be configured to concern closely relatively, makes the rotation of blade roller 338 also make backing roll 342 rotations, yet, also expect opposite situation.And backing roll 342 is preferably covered by the resiliency supported material, and blade 340 abuts against described resiliency supported material described rope 334 choppings are fragment.The spacing of blade 340 on roller 338 determined the length of shredded fibre.As seen in Figure 21, chopper 336 is arranged on and is on the carrier 314 near the near-end 322, uses with the productivity of the length of maximization production line 310.When shredded fibre rope 334, fiber 330 looselys drop on the carrier web 326.

Next, slurries feed-in platform or 344 receptions of slurries feed-in device are from the supply of the slurries 346 of far-end hybrid position 347 (for example funnel, case etc.).Also expection, described process can begin by the embryo deposit of slurries on carrier 314.Described slurries preferably are grouped into by portland cement, gypsum, aggregation, water, accelerator, plasticizing agent, blowing agent, filler and/or other one-tenth of variable, and above and in the patent that is used for producing the SCP panel of above enumerating of being incorporated herein with way of reference are describing.The relative quantity of these compositions (comprise and remove above-mentioned some composition or add other composition) can be through changing to be fit to use.

Although the various configurations of the thin layer that deposits slurries 346 on mobile vehicle 314 equably of expection slurries feed-in device 344, preferred slurries feed-in device 344 comprises the main metering roll 348 on the direct of travel that is horizontally installed on carrier 314.Follow or support roller 350 to be set to and 348 one-tenth close parallel of metering roll and rotation relationship, between it, to form roll gap 352.The slurries 346 that pair of sidewalls 354 (preferably being made by non-cohesive material, for example Teflon_ board material etc.) prevents to be poured in the roll gap 352 overflow from the side of feed-in device 344.

Feed-in device 344 deposits the even of slurries 346 and relatively thin layer on mobile vehicle 314 or carrier web 326.Suitable layer thickness is in about 0.05 inch to 0.20 inch scope.Yet by preferred four layers of institute in the preferred structure panel of being produced by this process with near 0.5 inch suitable construction panel, particularly preferred slurry layer thickness is for being similar to 0.125 inch.

Now,, provide some parts to slurries feed-in device 344 for realizing slurry layer thickness as indicated above referring to Figure 21 and 22.At first, in order to ensure the uniform deposition of slurries 346 on whole net 326, by flexible pipe 356 slurries are transported to feed-in device 344, the distributor 358 that described flexible pipe 356 is arranged in laterally back and forth, hawser drives and fluid is energized, described distributor 358 has well-known type in this technology.Therefore stream be poured in the feed-in device 344 with traverse motion from the slurries of flexible pipe 356, to fill the storagetank 359 that is defined by roller 348,350 and sidewall 354.Therefore the rotation of metering roll 348 draws the layer of slurries 346 from described storagetank.

Next, the vertical center line of main metering roll 348 slightly above and/or slightly upstream end thickness be set monitor or THICKNESS CONTROL roller 360, with the thickness of the slurries 346 that draw from feed-in device storagetank 357 on the external surface 362 of regulating main metering roll 348.And THICKNESS CONTROL roller 360 allows to handle the slurries of the viscosity that has difference and constantly change.Main metering roll 348 is activated on the direct of travel " T " identical with the moving direction of carrier 314 and carrier web 326, and main metering roll 348, support roller 350 and thickness monitor that roller 360 all is subjected to rotatable driving in the same direction, and this minimizes the chance of the premature set of slurries on mobile external surface separately.When the slurries on the external surface 362 346 when carrier web 326 moves, the horizontal demoulding line 364 between main metering roll 348 and carrier web 326 guarantees that slurries 346 are deposited on the carrier web fully and can fall back towards roll gap 352 and feed-in device storagetank 359.Demoulding line 364 also helps to keep main metering roll 348 not have the slurries of premature set, and keeps slurries curtain relatively uniformly.

The second chopper platform or equipment 366 (preferably identical with chopper 336) are arranged on feed-in device 344 upstreams, so that second layer fiber 368 to be set on slurries 346.In a preferred embodiment, chopper equipment 366 by feed-in from the rope 334 that chopper 336 is carried out the same stand 331 of feed-in.Yet expection can be supplied independent stand 331 to each indivedual chopper, and this depends on application and decides.

Now referring to Figure 21 and 23, next, embedding device (being designated as 370 substantially) is set to 314 one-tenth operative relationship of mobile vehicle with slurries 346 and production line 310, so that fiber 368 is embedded in the slurries 346.Although expect multiple embedding device, include but not limited to vibrator, poker roller etc., in a preferred embodiment, embedding device 370 comprises the axle 372 that at least one pair of is parallel substantially, it laterally is installed on the direct of travel " T " of the carrier web 326 on the framework 312.Each 372 disk 374 that possess a plurality of relatively large diameters, disk 374 on axle by than the disk 376 of minor diameter axial separation each other.

At SCP panel production period, axle 372 and disk 374,376 rotate around the longitudinal axis of described axle together.As well-known in this technology, in the described axle 372 any one or both can be powered, if and only an axle is powered up, another axle can be driven by band, chain, gear drive or other known power transmission technology so, to keep direction and the speed corresponding to live-roller.The disk separately 374,376 of the axle 372 of vicinity and preferred parallel intersects each other, to produce " rubbing " or " massage " action, the embedding fiber 368 that before had been deposited on the slurries of described action in slurries.In addition, the relation of intersecting closely, mutually and rotating of disk 372,374 prevents accumulation slurries 346 on disk, and in fact produces " cleaning voluntarily " action, this remarkable minimizing because the production line downtime time that slurries piece premature set causes.

The mutual cross reference of the disk 374,376 on the axle 372 comprises that this also helps cleaning action voluntarily than the closely adjacent deployment of the relative periphery of the main disk 374 of the distance piece disk 376 of minor diameter and relatively large diameter.When relative to each other rotating in tight approaching mode, disk 374,376 (but preferably, in the time of in the same direction), is difficult to make serous granule to stop and premature set by described equipment.Two groups of disks 374 of lateral shift by providing relative to each other, slurries 346 are subjected to a plurality of division actions, move thereby produce " rubbing " that fiber 368 further is embedded in the slurries 346.

In case embedding fiber 368, or in other words when mobile vehicle net 326 passes embedding device 370, is finished the first floor 377 of SCP panel.In a preferred embodiment, the height of first floor 377 or thickness are in the approximate extents of 0.05-0.20 inch.Found when with the SCP panel in similar when combination layer, this scope provides required intensity and rigidity.Yet, expect other thickness according to using.

In order to set up structure cement panel, need additional layer with desired thickness.For this purpose, providing the second slurries feed-in device 378 (it is identical with feed-in device 344 haply) with 314 one-tenth operative relationship of mobile vehicle, and it is through being provided with the additional layer 380 with deposition slurries 346 on existing layer 377.

Next, to provide extra chopper 382 (it is identical with

chopper

336 and 366 haply) with 312 one-tenth operative relationship of framework, with the 3rd layer of fiber 384 that deposition provides from a stand (not shown), described stand is to carry out configured and disposed with stand 331 similar patterns with respect to framework 312.Fiber 384 is deposited on the slurry layer 380, and uses the second embedding device 386 to carry out embedding.On structure and layout, be similar to embedding device 370, the second embedding devices 386 and be installed in higher position slightly, make that first floor 377 is interference-free with respect to mobile vehicle net 314.In this way, produce the second layer 380 of slurries and embedding fiber.

Now,, on production line 310, provide the back to follow the extra slurries feed-in device platform 344,378,402 of fiber chopper 336,366,382,404 and embedding device 370,386,406 for each pantostrat that can coagulate slurries and fiber referring to Figure 21.In a preferred embodiment, provide four overall layers (for example seeing the panel 101 of Figure 29) to form the SCP panel.At four layers (as mentioned above) that embedding the coagulated slurries that fiber arranged are set afterwards, preferably provide the upper surface 396 of building mortion 394 to mould panel to framework 312.This type of building mortion 394 is known in can coagulating slurries/plate production technology, and is generally spring-loaded or vibrating plate, and described spring-loaded or vibrating plate meet the height and the shape of multilayer panel, to be fit to required size characteristic.

The panel of made has a plurality of layers (for example seeing the

layer

22,24,26,28 of the panel 31 of Fig. 5), and described layer forms fiber reinforced of monolithic after condensing.As long as fiber in each layer existence and place by specific desired parameters control and maintain (as hereinafter disclosing and describing) in the specific desired parameters, then in fact can not make the panel layering.

This time, slurry layer has begun to condense, and each panel is separated from each other by cutter sweep 398, described in a preferred embodiment cutter sweep 398 is jetting cutters.Other cutter sweep (comprising moving blade) is considered to be suitable for this operation, as long as they can produce suitable sharp edges in this panel synthetic.With respect to production line 310 and framework 312 cutter sweep 398 is set, makes and produce the panel with Len req, described length can be different from the expression that Figure 21 shows.Because the speed of carrier web 314 is relatively low, thereby cutter sweep 398 can cut with the direct of travel perpendicular to net 314 through installing.For speed of production faster, this type of cutter sweep is known as with the net direct of travel angled and be installed to production line 310.After cutting, the panel 321 of separation is through piling up further to handle, encapsulate, to store and/or to load and transport, as known in the art.

At quantitative aspects, studied the influence of the thickness of the volume fraction of fiber in the number, panel of fiber and slurry layer and each slurry layer and fiber strand diameter to the embedding efficient of fiber.In analysis, identify following parameter:

v _T=always synthetic object is long-pending

v _s=overview panel slurry volume

v _f=overview panel fiber volume

v _{F, 1}=total fiber volume/layer

v _{T, 1}=always synthetic object amasss/layer

v _{S, 1}=total slurry volume/layer

N ₁=slurry layer total number; The fibrage total number

V _f=overview panel fiber volume fraction

d _fThe equivalent diameter of=individual fibers rope strand

l _fThe length of=individual fibers rope strand

The t=plate thickness

t ₁=comprise the gross thickness of the individual layers of slurries and fiber

t _{S, 1}The thickness of=indivedual slurry layer

n _{F, 1}, n _F1,1, n _F2,1Fiber total number in the=fibrage

Projection fiber surface area markS _F1,1 ^p

Suppose that panel is made up of the slurries and the fibrage of equal number.Make the number of these layers equal N ₁, and the fiber volume fraction in the panel equals V _f

Generally speaking, be deposited on the projection fiber surface area mark S of the fiber web layer on the different slurry layer ^p _{F, 1}Following mathematical relationship:

S_{f, l}^{P} = \frac{{4 V}_{f} t}{{πN}_{l} d_{f}} = \frac{{4 V}_{f} * t_{s, l}}{{πd}_{l} (1 - V_{f})}

Wherein, V _fBe the overview panel fiber volume fraction, t is an overview panel thickness, d _fBe the diameter of fiber rope strand, N ₁Be the fibrage total number, and t _{S, 1}Be the thickness of employed different slurry layer.

Therefore, for realizing the embedding efficient of good fiber, object function becomes the fiber surface area mark is remained on below the certain threshold.It should be noted that one or more variablees that occur in the equation 8 and 10 by changing, projection fiber surface area mark can be through finishing to realize the embedding efficient of good fiber.

The different variablees that influence projection fiber surface number of points value are identified, and have proposed value that several different methods repairs " projection fiber surface area mark " to realize the embedding efficient of good fiber.These methods relate to and change one or more in the following variable projection fiber surface area mark is remained on below the threshold limit value: the diameter of the number of different fiber and slurry layer, the thickness of different slurry layer and fiber rope strand.

Based on this groundwork, found projection fiber surface area mark S _F1,1 ^pPreferred magnitude be as follows:

Preferred projection fiber surface area mark

S_{fl, l}^{p} < 0.65

Most preferably projection fiber surface area mark

S_{fl, l}^{p} < 0.45

For design panel fiber volume fraction V _f, the realization of the aforementioned preferred magnitude of projection fiber surface area mark can be by repairing the one or more possibilities that become in the following variable---the thickness and the fiber strand diameter of different fibrolaminar total number, different slurry layer.Specifically, it is as follows causing the ideal range of these variablees of the preferred magnitude of projection fiber surface area mark:

The thickness of different slurry layer in the multilayer SCP panelt _{S, 1}

The preferred thickness t of different slurry layer _{S, 1}≤ 0.20 inch

The more preferably thickness t of different slurry layer _{S, 1}≤ 0.12 inch

The most preferred thickness t of different slurry layer _{S, 1}≤ 0.08 inch

Different fibrolaminar number in the multilayer SCP panelN ₁

Different fibrolaminar preferred number N ₁〉=4

Different fibrolaminar most preferably number N ₁〉=6

The fiber strand diameterd _f

Preferred fiber rope strand diameter d _f〉=30 spies

Most preferred fiber rope strand diameter d _f〉=70 spies

Character

SCP panel metal frame system of the present invention preferably has in the character cited in table 2A-2D one or more.Described character is at 1/2 inch (12.7mm) thick SCP panel, unless indication is arranged in addition.

Horizontal design shear capacity among the table 2D is provided as 3 factor of safety.

Have the thick SCP panel of 3/8-3/4 inch (9-19mm) (for example, 1/2 inch (12.5mm)) mechanically and/or the system of bonding mode lateral support metal framework to have usually when testing according to ASTM E-72 be the nominal wall shearing capacity (also be called nominal and peel off shear strength) of 200 to 1200 or 400 to 1200 or 800 to 1200 pounds/linear feet.

Typical 3/4 inch (19mm) thick panel has the final load-bearing capacity greater than 550lb (250kg) under static state loads when testing on 16 inches (406.4mm) spans at the center according to ASTM E661 and APA S-1 method of testing, impacting the final load-bearing capacity that has under the loading greater than 400lb (182kg), and under static state with 200lb (90.9kg) load and impact load, having amount of deflection less than 0.078 inch (1.98mm).

Usually, dry density is 65lb/ft ³(1041kg/m ³) to 90lb/ft ³(1442kg/m ³) or 65lb/ft ³(1041kg/m ³) to 95lb/ft ³(1522kg/m ³) panel in water, soak after 48 hours flexural strength and be 1000psi (7MPa) at least, 1300psi (9MPa) for example, 1650psi (11.4MPa) preferably, more preferably 1700psi (11.7MPa) is at least obtained by ASTM C947 thermometrically.

Usually, compare with the shear wall system of bearing bricks stone walling, SCP shear wall system for partition wall has higher specific stiffness.

Usually, in test, be exposed to water in the time of lasting 24 hours, the vertical shearing dividing plate load bearing capacity of system will can not reduce above 25%, preferably can not reduce and surpass 20%, in described test, be anchored on 1/2 to 3/4 inch thick SCP panel of 10 feet * 20 feet horizontal orientations on metal framework top and keeping 2 inches heads, and be redirected in vertical direction afterwards, and test vertical shearing dividing plate load bearing capacity.

Usually, system is being exposed to the water that will can not absorb when water continues 24 hours above 0.7 pounds per square foot in test, and 2 feet heads are kept in the 3/4 inch thick SCP panel top that is being anchored in described test on 10 feet * 20 feet metal frameworks.

Usually, the embodiment that makes foot long * 3/4,10 feet wide * 20 inch thick SCP panel dividing plate be attached to the native system of 10 feet * 20 feet metal frameworks surpasses 5% being exposed to can not increase when 2 inches heads keeping above the SCP panel that is being anchored on the metal framework continue 24 hours.

Usually, each component of native system satisfies ASTM G-21 and detects (wherein system reaches approximate 1 grade), and satisfies ASTM D-3273 and detect (wherein system reaches approximate 10 grade).And native system is supported roughly zero bacterial growth usually when clean.And native system usually can not be edible for termite.

Because its lightweight and strong cause, this kind of this shear wall system of the horizontal baffle of 1/2 to 3/4 inch thick SCP panel combination allows effectively to use the building volume at given building area on the metal framework, to allow the building volume of the described given building area of maximization.The lightweight character of this system has been avoided the dead load that is associated with the bearing bricks stone system.Less dead load allows to build the structure of suitable size on more unstable soil.In addition, described system can be non-directionality, because it is parallel or can not lose intensity or load carrying feature perpendicular to the metal upright post of framework that the panel of described system can be placed with its long size, wherein no matter the orientation of SCP panel on metal frame how, system is used to support dead load with mobile load and not damaged ability is identical.

Non-inflammable shear wall of the present invention system can make by comprising the method that the SCP panel is placed on the metal upright post.The SCP panel can be placed on the vertically-oriented metal frame element or be placed on the framework element (it is subsequently by vertically-oriented) of horizontal orientation, and be attached on the framework by machinery or bonding mode.The advantage of native system is that the SCP panel withstands roughing in the time of can being placed on the metal framework during building dwelling house and commercial building.For instance, this SCP panel withstands roughing during can preferably building under cold snap, for example when environment temperature is lower than 32_ (0 ℃) or even when environment temperature is lower than 20_ (7.5 ℃).Preferably, panel fallen to being placed on to make on the metal frame element at least one of panel terminal fall at least 2 feet or at least 3 feet or in 3 to 6 feet scope in (the SCP panel does not ftracture) and the method that subsequently panel and metal frame element vertically redirected in a kind of comprising, the SCP panel can withstand and be placed as level be placed on the metal frame element when environment temperature is lower than 32_ (0 ℃).

Example

In horizontal small stove (SSHF), comparative structure cover plate is experimentized with the test refractoriness.Part as 4 feet * 4 feet composite membeies, test five samples, have 1/2 inch (13mm) structure cement panel (SCP) of synthetic of the present invention, 3/4 inch (19mm) VIROC panel, 1/2 inch (13mm) NOVATECH panel, 15/32 (12mm) veneer (A-C grade) and 31/64 inch (12mm) oriented wood chipboard (OSB).

Each composite member constitutes by metal frame, 358,20 gauge CR chutes with at the ST column of 24 inches of Center Gap.At in described five tests each, test material is applied to exposed surface, and 5/8 inch (16mm) FIRECODE of SHEETROCK type SCX gypsum wallboard of one deck USG is applied to not exposed surface.The exposed surface material vertically is applied on the column, wherein has seam at the middle span place of described composite member.Exposing the panel downside and all not placing thermocouple in the cavity on the exposed surface, to carry out the temperature comparison of described composite member.With Control for Kiln Temperature is ASTM E119 time/temperature curve.Temperature survey by finish nominal value and not exposed surface form and continue duration of described test.At test period the estimation condition of exposed surface is observed.The standard A STME119 temperature limitation of thermocouple readings is on average being higher than environment temperature 250_ (136 ℃), and is higher than environment temperature 325_ (183 ℃) individually as the control restriction.

The purpose of described test is, being provided in the test of catching fire the product material performance relatively.Described process does not provide the refractoriness nominal value for system.

The prescription of employed SCP panel is following in the horizontal small stove test (example 1 and example 3) illustrates in table 2E.

Can in table 3, find the test result of described five samples.At each test period when surpassing the temperature standard restriction, average (A) and individually (I) reading all minute being unit.The SCP plate has the synthetic of panel of the present invention.

Example 1

Sample arrangement

48 inches (122cm) * 48-5/8 of size inch (124cm)

Column: 358 ST, 20 gauge spacings: 24 inches at center (61cm)

Chute: 358CR, 20 gauges; Cavity: sky

Facing: (fiery side) one deck 1/2 inch (13mm) USG structure cement panel (SCP)

5/8 inch (16mm) SHEETROCK_FIRECODE_ of (unexposed side) one deck (X type) panel

Table 4 is enumerated the plate that adopts in this example as test material.Described plate is heated, as showing in the table 5.Observation to this heating is showed in table 6.

Test time catches fire: 70 minutes and 0 second

The EOT end of test: no plate comes off

Example 2

Sample arrangement

48 inches (122cm) * 48-5/8 of size inch (124cm)

Column: 358 ST, 20 gauge spacings: 24 inches at center (61cm)

Chute: 358 CR, 20 gauges; Cavity: sky

Facing: 3/4 inch VIROC plate of (fiery side) one deck

5/8 inch (16mm) SHEETROCK_FIRECODE_ of (unexposed side) one deck (X type) panel

Table 7 is enumerated the plate that adopts in this example as test material.Described plate is heated, as showing in the table 8.Observation to this heating is showed in table 9.

Test time catches fire: 60 minutes and 0 second

The EOT end of test: no plate comes off

Example 3

Sample arrangement

48 inches (122cm) * 48-5/8 of size inch (124cm)

Column: 358 ST, 20 gauge spacings: 24 inches at center (61cm)

Chute: 358CR, 20 gauges; Cavity: sky

Facing: 1/2 inch NovaTech plate of (fiery side) one deck

5/8 inch (16mm) SHEETROCK_FIRECODE_ of (unexposed side) one deck (X type) panel

Table 10 is enumerated the plate that adopts in this example as test material.Described plate is heated, as showing in the table 1.Observation to this heating is showed in table 12.

Test time catches fire: 70 minutes and 0 second

The EOT end of test--plate layering, no plate comes off

Example 4

Sample arrangement

48 inches (122cm) * 48-5/8 of size inch (124cm)

Column: 358 ST, 20 gauges; Spacing: 24 inches at center (61cm)

Chute: 358 CR, 20 gauges; Cavity: sky

Facing: (fiery side) 15/32 inch (12mm) veneer of one deck (A/C) plate

5/8 inch (16mm) SHEETROCK_FIRECODE of (unexposed side) one deck (X type) panel

Table 13 is enumerated the plate that adopts in this example as test material.Described plate is heated, as showing in the table 14.Observation to this heating is showed in table 15.

Test time catches fire: 32 minutes and 0 second

The EOT end of test: plate comes off

Example 5

Sample arrangement

48 inches (122cm) * 48-5/8 of size inch (124cm)

Column: 358 ST, 20 gauges; Spacing: 24 inches at center (61cm)

Chute: 358CR, 20 gauges; Cavity: sky

Facing: (fiery side) 31/64 inch oriented wood chipboard of one deck (OSB)

5/8 inch (16mm) SHEETROCK_FIRECODE_ of (unexposed side) one deck (X type) panel

Table 16 is enumerated the plate that adopts in this example as test material.Described plate is heated, as showing in the table 17.Observation to this heating is showed in table 18.

Test time catches fire: 32 minutes and 0 second

The EOT end of test: plate comes off

Example 6

This example is by the ASTM E 455-98 static load test of constructing at the framework substrate or the top spacer of building, the horizontal baffle intensity that the single-beam method is determined single substrate dividing plate, and described substrate dividing plate uses 3/4 inch thick SCP panel structure of prototype to form as hereinafter explaining.

The test sample book material

A. substrate separator material:

Prototype 3/4 " the structure cement panel of the present invention that SCP-is reinforced by the glass fiber rope strand." V " groove and tongue are along 8 ' sizing of 4 ' * 8 ' sheet.Enumerate employed prescription in the SCP panel example of this bottom baffles test among the 18A at table.

Securing member-#8-18 * 1-5/8 " long BUGLE HEAD GRABBER SUPER DRIVE ^TMScrew is along peripheral intervals 6 " (see before and draw book), and in panel zone 12 " (see before and draw book) at interval.All securing members be placed on face plate edge at a distance of minimum 3/4 inch and with seam at a distance of minimum 1/2 inch place.At panel corner place, securing member inserts with 2 inches spacings.

Adhesive-will be by Flexible Products Company of Canada, the ENERFOAM SF polyurethane foam adhesive that Inc. makes is applied to all banjo fixing butt jointings and tongue and groove joint.Before being set to appropriate position, " pad is applied to bottom portion of groove with one (1) individual 3/8.Before arriving joint sliding together, stay 3/8 " gap is to allow one (1) individual 3/8 " adhesive pad at the banjo fixing butt jointing place and be applied in the described gap.

B. The substrate framework:

Fig. 8 shows metal (for example, steel) the substrate framework through combination.This comprises with the lower part:

A. horizontal joist 150-16 gauge * 10 inches dark * 10 foot long Trade Ready ^TMJoist is made by DietrichIndustries.Described joist is Dietrich TDW5W 10IN * L 10 FT 28,324,013 16 gauge G60 50KSI of mold pressing.

B. vertical wheel rim track 152-16 gauge * 10-3/16 " made by Dietrich Industries, wherein the joist attachment position of prebuckling interval 24 " (see before and draw book) by dark * 16 ' long.Described track is the Dietrich TD16 W 91/4IN * L 16FT 28,323,858 16 GAUGE 3RD FI of mold pressing.

C.0.125 " thick * 2 " * 2 " angle steel 154 (Figure 10) be arranged on each of isolated lateral end joist 156 (described joist 156 begins and begins to cross over up to 3 inches from the load side angle from support side) and with 6 " spacing (see before and draw book) is by #10-1, and " the DRIVALL screw is to terminal horizontal joist separately.

D. securing member

" the long DRIVALL screw with turret head is used to adhere to framework in #10-16 * 3/4.

" the long self-drilling screw with wafer head is used for that " spacing (see before and draw book) is attached to framework with 6 around outermost edge and on the banjo fixing butt jointing both sides in #10-16 * 3/4.

The test sample book structure

One (1) individual test sample book is through being configured to the overall dimensions of 10 '-0 " * 20 '-0 ".Fig. 8 shows the phantom drawing of metal framework.

The enlarged drawing of the part of Fig. 9 exploded view 8 frameworks.

The enlarged drawing of a part of AA of Figure 10 exploded view 8 frameworks.

Figure 11 shows the top view of the SCP panel 120 (having panel size) be attached to metal framework, but described SCP panel 120 is fabricated as and has and the similar tongue-and-groove of Fig. 5 a edge (not shown).

Figure 12,13,14 and 15 shows the enlarged drawing of various piece BB, CC, DD and the EE of Figure 11 substrate.

A. in each end, joist is attached to the wheel rim track by using protuberance by prebuckling to enter the long wafer head self-drilling screw in three (3) individual turret head #10-16 * 3/4 in the joist side " long Drivall screw and pass wheel rim track top enter (1) individual #10-16 * 3/4 of one in the joist ".0.078 " thick * 11/2 " * 4 " angle steel 151 (it is 5 " is long) also the DRIVALL screw by 3/4 inch long be fixed to 1 of each joist and " locate (see before and draw book), and one 3/4 inch long DRIVALL screw be to the wheel rim track.

B. 1 1/2 inches * 2 5/8 inches * 21 3/4 inches KATZ cushion blocks 158 that have 2 inches long * 1 3/4 inch protuberances in each end are crossed the center line of substrate and are fastened to bottom the joist." long Drivall screw adheres to cushion block 158 to pass 1 #10-16 * 3/4 of each Katz cushion block parts 158 end by use.Specifically, Katz cushion block 158 is being positioned between the transverse joint 50 on the either side of mid point by being positioned to stagger arrangement, and uses #10-16 * 3/4 an inch long DRIVALL screw to adhere to by each protuberance.

C. on load side, in two positions, add extra horizontal cushion block, realize a loading purposes to strengthen wheel rim track 152 to wheel rim track 152.That is to say, be provided for 24 inches cushion blocks 157 of load support along the vertical wheel rim track between many horizontal joists 150.20 inches long cushion blocks 159 are by using four #10-16 * 3/4 inch long DRIVALL screws to be fixed between each lateral end joist and each lateral end joist second from the bottom along the longitudinal axis of framework substantially on each end.

D. flatten described framework and then prototype SCP panel is fastened to framework, as shown in figure 11.Described prototype SCP is by the long head of the trumpet GRABBER SUPER DRIVE of #8-18 * 1-5/8 inch ^TMThe screw self-drilling screw 162 of the wing (band) with 6 " spacing (see before and draw book) be fastened on around the periphery and with corner at a distance of 2 " insert, and fastening with 12 inches spacings (see before and draw book) in the zone.Note guaranteeing remaining securing member with the flush of prototype SCP or being positioned at its below slightly, and also can not peel off and leave steel frame.At banjo fixing butt jointing and tongue and groove location place, in joint, apply Canada, 3/8 inch pad that the ENERFOAM SF polyurethane foam adhesive that Inc. makes is made by Flexible Products Company of.

E. " angle bar is fastened to terminal joist and flushes with the joist bottom, and is cracked and present the top board parts with the joist that minimizes supporting place then with 1/8 " * 2 " * 2.Extra 6 inches long angle bar are fastened on the support side place of terminal joist and flush with the joist top, also is cracked in order to minimize.

F. specimen is placed minimum 36 hours to allow adhesive to solidify.

G. Figure 16 shows specimen 80, its by adherance with Fig. 9 at the bottom of the framework 160 of Fig. 8 of 120 make, on cast concrete base 98, around sample 80 peripheries, support (Figure 17) by utensil roller 70 with 2 feet spacings in center (see before and draw book).

Figure 17 shows the enlarged drawing of the part FF of Figure 16.Supporting

support member

74,84 is placed on two ends of test sample book 80.Three (3) individual loading cylinders 80 are positioned at the opposite side place of test sample book 80." rest pad applies load, load is uniformly applied to substrate specimen 80 from cylinder to six (6) individual 18 by gooseneck.Support side along specimen 80 is placed five (5) individual division indicators, to measure amount of deflection.Figure 17 shows rolled-up stock 92, and it possesses distance piece 90.About 1/8

inch gap

96 and 18 inches load piece 94.Described rolled-up stock 92 is installed in the cement 98.Provide another rolled-up stock 82 in another end of specimen 80.Described rolled-up stock 92 is supported on the solid roll 72.

Testing equipment

A. three (3) individual ENERPAC model P-39 hydraulic hand pumps.

B. three (3) individual ENERPAC model RC-1010 hydraulic cylinders.

C. five division indicators: 2 inches are moved-0.001 inch increment.

D. three (3) individual Ω digital instruments.

E. three (3) individual Ω pressure sensors.

F. three (3) individual 6 feet I shape crossbeams.

G. five (5) individual bolts are connected to the rigid support of substrate.

Program

A. use three (3) individual 1-1/2 inch diameters * 10 inches stroke hydraulic cylinders to produce load, the cylinder in each load point place.Measure applied force with three (3) individual digital instruments and pressure sensor.Permanent record applied force on the data sheet that adheres to.

B. produce load to form mechanical force, up to till the required load of indication on the digital instrument by applying hydraulic coupling.

C. be that increment comes whole basis set component is loaded with 700lb.Before obtaining the amount of deflection reading, each load was kept 1 minute.Obtaining 14, after the 000lb amount of deflection reading, then coming described composite member is loaded, till breakage takes place with the speed of approximate 2800 ppm.

Figure 19 shows the SCP panel on the testing arrangement that is installed in Figure 16 under the design load and the photo of metal framework substrate.

Figure 20 shows the SCP panel on the damage state based testing arrangement that is installed in Figure 16 and the photo of metal framework substrate.

Test result

Table 19 is showed the result who load is applied to the substrate dividing plate test of above-mentioned whole basis set component.Described substrate has 120 inches width.

Factor 3.0 safe in utilization obtains following value.

Final load=14,618.5lb/10.0ft.=1,461.8PLF (pound/linear feet)

Design shear=1461.8/3.0 factor of safety=487.2PLF

Come the calculation Design shearing by will finally loading divided by factor of safety 3.

Table 20 is showed owing to load being applied to the gained amount of deflection that substrate takes place.Figure 18 represents the data of table 20 with the curve map form.Figure 18 shows from the substrate dividing plate testing arrangement that adopts Figure 16 and uses experimental load that the substrate dividing plate test of 3/4 inch structure cement panel (SCP panel) obtains to deflection data.

Table 21 is showed from the strong point load being applied to the average support amount of deflection that the specimen substrate obtains.

Based on the data that single specimen from then on obtains, can obtain the design shear of 487.2PLF (pound/linear feet) from above-mentioned single substrate dividing plate sample, be constructed as follows:

Example 7

This example is by determining that at the framework substrate of building or the test of ASTM E455-98 static load, the single-beam method of top spacer structure water exposes to using 3/4 " the influence of the horizontal baffle intensity of the composite member of inch thick SCP panel.

The test sample book material

A. substrate separator material:

3/4 inch SCP panel by the reinforcing of glass fiber rope strand." V " groove and tongue are along 8 ' sizing of 4 feet * 8 feet sheets.

The securing member that is adopted comprises the head of the trumpet GRABBER SUPER DRIVE screw that #8-18 * 1-5/8 inch is long, and it can be used for the GRABBER building products, along 6 inches of peripheral Center Gap, and 12 inches of panel zone Center Gap.All securing members be placed on face plate edge at a distance of minimum 3/4 inch and with seam at a distance of minimum 1/2 inch place.At panel corner place, securing member inserts with 2 inches spacings.Fastener locations is seen Figure 11.

B. substrate framework:

Joist comprises CSJ 16 gauges * 8 inches dark * 10 foot wheel rim tracks of being made by Dietrich Industries.

The test sample book structure

Four (4) individual test sample books are through being configured to the overall dimensions of 10 '-0 " * 20 '-0 ", as mentioned the test sample book of describing in example 6.Fig. 8 shows the phantom drawing of metal framework.

Yet, the described framework and then prototype SCP panel is fastened to framework flattened, as shown in figure 11.Described prototype SCP is fastened on periphery and is fastened in the zone at a distance of 2 " inserting, with 12 " spacing (see before and draw book) on every side and with corner by #8-18 * 1-5/8 " long head of the trumpet Grabber SuperDrive screw (self-drilling screw 162 of the band wing) is with 6 " spacing (see before and draw book).Note guaranteeing remaining securing member with the flush of prototype SCP or being positioned at its below slightly, and also can not peel off and leave steel frame.Different with the specimen of example 6 is, at banjo fixing butt jointing and tongue and groove location place, in joint, do not apply Canada by Flexible Products Company of, the ENERFOAM SF polyurethane foam adhesive that Inc. makes make 3/8 inch pad.

Testing equipment

A. four (4) individual ENERPAC model P-39 hydraulic hand pumps.

B. four (4) individual ENERPAC model RC-1010 hydraulic cylinders.

C. five (5) individual division indicators: 2 " move-0.001 increment.

D. four (4) individual Ω digital instruments.

E. four (4) individual Ω pressure sensors.

F. four (4) individual 6 feet I shape crossbeams.

G. six (6) individual bolts are connected to the rigid support of substrate.

Program

A. in the described test composite member both test under " being considered to standard " or drying condition, and two samples are 1 that " head is tested after having minimum 24 hours.

B. " the diameter hydraulic cylinder produces load, the cylinder in each load(ing) point place to use four (4) individual 1-1/2.Measure applied force with four (4) individual calibration digital instruments and pressure sensor.Permanent record applied force on the data sheet that adheres to.

C. produce load to form mechanical force, up to till the required load of indication on the digital instrument by applying hydraulic coupling.

D. be that increment comes whole basis set component is loaded with 700lb.Before obtaining the amount of deflection reading, each load was kept 1 minute.Obtaining 14, after the 000lb amount of deflection reading, then coming described composite member is loaded, till breakage takes place with the speed of approximate 2800 ppm.

Test result

Table 22-38 and Figure 24 and 25 show the result who load is applied to the substrate dividing plate test of above-mentioned whole basis set component.Described substrate has 120 inches width.Figure 24 shows the data of dry type test 1 and dry type test 2.Figure 25 shows to come the data of self-wetted test 1 and wet type test 2.

Factor 3.0 safe in utilization obtains following value.

The average final load=15 of drying sample, 908.2lb/10ft=1,590.8PLF

The design shear of drying sample=1,590.8PLF/3.0 factor of safety=530.2PLF

The average final load=14 of moist sample, 544.5lb/10ft=1,454.4PLF

Design shear=1 of moist sample, 454.4PLF/3.0 factor of safety=484.8PLF

Approximate 91% maintenance of these results indication diaphragm strength after being exposed to the period that water continues 24 hours continuously.

Example 8

For definite shear strength and shear stiffness of using the substrate dividing plate composite member of framework and SCP cover plate, ten (10) individual samples are carried out the test of basis at the AISI TS-7-02 cantilever method of testing of cold-shaping steel dividing plate.These data can be indicated the shearing performance as shear wall.

Figure 24 shows employed substrate framework 400 in the AISI TS-7 test.

The substrate separator material

Prototype 3/4 " the structure cement panel that SCP-is reinforced by the glass fiber rope strand." V " groove and tongue are along 8 ' sizing of 4 ' * 8 ' sheet.

3/4 " veneer-23/32 " GP Plus, tongue-and-groove (cooperating fast).The Sturd-I-Floor of APA regulation ^TM, expose 1, PS1-95 stuffing box packing, desertification face, PRP-108 and make by Georgia Pacific Corporation.

Securing member-#8-18 * 1-5/8 " long band wing drill head of the trumpet Grabber Super Drive TM (liquid oxygen drivings) screw; item number is CHS8158JBW; " (see before and draw book) along peripheral intervals 4 ", 6 " and 12, and in panel zone interval 12 " (see before and draw book).All securing members are placed on face plate edge and locate at a distance of minimum 3/4 " and with seam at a distance of 1/2 ".At panel corner place, securing member is with 2, and " spacing is inserted.

The PL polyurethane high-quality building adhesive of adhesive-make by OSI Sealants." pad is applied to all framework components, wherein applies two-pad at panel banjo fixing butt jointing place with 1/4.Before any loading, provide minimum 24 hours hardening time.

The substrate framework

" dark * 10 ' long Trade Ready, 16 gauges * 10 of joist-make by Dietrich Industries ^TMJoist.Described joist is Dietrich TDJ5W 9-1/4IN * L 11 FT 10-1/2IN 14,453,223 16 gauge G60 50KSI of mold pressing.The average yield strength of being tested is 51.0ksi.

" dark * 16 ' long have 24 " the prebuckling joist attachment positions of (see before and draw book) at interval to wheel rim track-16 gauges * 10-3/16.Described track is the Dietrich D16 W 9-1/4IN * L 16FT 14,453,203 16 gauge G60 of mold pressing.The average yield strength of being tested is 62.7ksi.Securing member-#10-16 * 3/4 " long turret head Drivall screw.

The test sample book structure

Ten (10) individual test sample books are through being configured to the overall dimensions of 11 '-11 " * 12 '-0 ".The wheel rim track has interval 16 " the prebuckling protuberance of (see before and draw book) is so clip angle is with 24 " (see before and draw book) spacing and welds.

Joist passes three (3) individual turret head #10-16 * 3/4 that the prebuckling protuberance enters the joist side by use, and " long Drivall screw is attached to track.S/HD15 Simpson Strong-Tie compacted part is by using 48 #10 * 3/4, and " long turret head self-drilling screw is fastened to the tension side of substrate." long turret head self-drilling screw is attached to the compression joist to 12 long gauge columns of 6-1/8 " * 16 " by using (14) #10 * 3/4.This is added as bracing boom, to avoid the terminal joist of crushing before the dividing plate breakage.Flatten described framework and then prototype SCP or veneer are fastened to framework.The substrate cover plate is by #8-18 * 1-5/8 " long head of the trumpet Grabber SuperDrive ^TMScrew with 4 ", 6 " or 12 " spacing (see before and draw book) be fastened on around the periphery and with corner at a distance of 2 " insert, and " spacing (see before and draw book) is fastened in the zone with 12.Note guaranteeing remaining securing member with the flush of substrate cover plate or being positioned at its below slightly, and also can not peel off and leave steel frame.Relevant details sees also the B6-B11 accompanying drawing.The test sample book minimal condensation of permission use adhesive 24 hours is so that the adhesive of recommending solidifies.

Figure 25 shows one in the employed SCP substrate 420 in the AISI TS-7 test, and it has adhesive.Plate 442 is the SCP panels with 0.670 inch-0.705 inch thickness.View EE shows the skew panel of joint.View FF shows the tongue and the groove joint of 1/2 inch of " V " shape.View GG shows corner.View HH shows three places that the SCP panel converges.View II shows corner.

Testing setup

Figure 26 shows employed testing equipment 450 in the AISI TS-7 test.Testing equipment 450 has two loading crossbeams 454 8 inches * 72 inches long.Test sample book 452 is placed on 1 inch the roller 458, provides steel plate 460 below described roller 458.Rigid support 466 and test fixture 456 and I shape beam clamp also are provided.Hydraulic cylinder 462 is exerted pressure to test sample book 452.

Test sample book is positioned in the test fixture, wherein one in the wheel rim track is set to and 10 that " top of the C shape passage of 30lb/ft flushes." #12-24 of (see before and draw book), the T5 hex head screw is attached to described C shape passage with described wheel rim track then to use interval 12." long I shape crossbeam is attached to another wheel rim track (flushing with the top) then to use #10 * 3/4 " long turret head self-drilling screw is with two (2) individual 8 " * 72.Alternate sides in I shape beam flange sentences 6 " (sees before and draws book) at interval securing member is set.Described I shape crossbeam also bolt links together.With hydraulic cylinder be positioned at the collinear counter-force crossbeam of I shape crossbeam on.

1 " screw rod of diameter passes the Simpson rolled-up stock through being placed as, and is connected to rigidity steel anchor clamps.Any specific torque is not applied to the coupling nut on the screw rod.Wheel rim tracks positioned on the load side is at interval approximate 48 " two groups of rollers on.On the cover board place rolled-up stock on Fang the compressed side, to prevent protuberance.Two (2) individual 1 " roller of diameter is placed between the steel plate of suppressing on pipe and the substrate cover plate.

With four (4) individual linear transducers be placed on the substrate dividing plate composite member with in the upper/lower positions:

#1-and tension force joist are collinear,

#2-and fixed flange track are collinear,

Load wheel rim track on #3-and the clip angle is collinear and

#4-is collinear with the compression joist.

Described linear transducer and hydraulic pressure sensor are connected to data-acquisition system.

Testing equipment

One (1) individual ENERPAC model P-39 hydraulic hand pump.

Three (3) individual EnerPac model RC-1010 hydraulic cylinders.

Four (4) individual linear transducers.

Five (5) individual bolts are connected to the rigid support of substrate.

One (1) individual bolt is connected to C10 * 30 rigid crossings of three (3) persons in the described supporting member.

One (1) individual Ω digital instrument.

One (1) individual Ω pressure sensor.

Two (2) individual 6 feet I shape crossbeams.

Program

Produce load at the load point place by the use hydraulic cylinder.Measure applied force with data acquisition facility and pressure sensor.Permanent record applied force on the data sheet that adheres to.Produce load to set up mechanical force, up to till the required load of indication on the digital instrument by applying hydraulic pressure.With constant rate of speed whole basis set component is loaded, till the further gain in can not obtaining to load.

Test result

Table 37 general introduction test result.

It is the data of the load of unit to displacement that Figure 27-29 shows with the pound, and it is used for the value of generation table 43.Specifically, Figure 27 shows the data of AISI TS-7 cantilever substrate dividing plate test that have 3/4 inch SCP panel of 4 inches-12 inches fastening progresses from use.Figure 28 shows from use to have the data of AISITS-7 cantilever substrate dividing plate test that caing be compared to of 6 inches-12 inches fastening progresses is 3/4 inch SCP panel of 3/4 inch veneer.Figure 29 shows the data of AISI TS-7 cantilever substrate dividing plate test that have 3/4 foot SCP panel of adhesive from use.

Table 38-47 shows at Figure 24 of test LP 804-3-0.001 inch increment, 25 and 26 data with form.

Although showed and be described on the metal framework adopt the specific embodiment that has by the system of the horizontal baffle of fiber reinforced structure cement panel, those skilled in the art will be easy to understand do not break away from have wide aspect and by appended claims in can make multiple change and modification to the present invention under the situation of the present invention stated.

Claims

1. non-inflammable shear wall system that is used to build, it comprises:

Be supported on the vertical shearing dividing plate on the framework of light-duty cold rolled metal, described vertical shearing dividing plate comprises the cement panel through reinforcing, lightweight and dimensionally stable, and described framework comprises metal upright post;

Described panel has 65 to 90 pounds/cubic feet density, and can when being fastened to framework, resist the shearing load, and comprise and solidify the continuous phase that aqueous mixture produces, described aqueous mixture comprises the reactive powder of (with drying meter) 35 to 70 weight %, the lightweight filler of 20 to 50 weight % and the glass fiber of 5 to 20 weight %, described continuous phase is by glass fiber reinforcement and contain described lightweight filling agent particle, and described lightweight filling agent particle has from 0.02 to 1.00 particle proportion and about 10 to 500 microns particle mean size.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein said continuous phase is produced by the aqueous mixture of solidification reactivity powder, described reactive powder comprises the calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate of (with drying meter) 35 to 75 weight %, the hydraulic cement of 20 to 55 weight %, the lime of 0.2 to 3.5 weight % and the active pozzolans (activepozzolan) of 5 to 25 weight %, described continuous phase is evenly reinforced by alkali-resistant glass fiber and is contained equally distributed lightweight filling agent particle, and described lightweight filling agent particle comprises equally distributed ceramic microspheres.

3. system according to claim 2, wherein said ceramic microspheres have from 50 to 250 microns particle mean size and/or belong in 10 to 500 microns the particle size range.

4. system according to claim 1, wherein said panel is formed by following each thing, and wherein each is all with drying meter: the described reactive powder of 35 to 58 weight %; The described glass fiber of 6 to 17 weight %; With at least a described lightweight filler of 34 to 49 weight %, described lightweight filler is selected from the group that is made up of ceramic microspheres, glass microspheres, flying dust cenosphere (cenosphere) or perlite.

5. system according to claim 1, wherein said panel is formed by following each thing, and wherein each is all with drying meter: the described reactive powder of 49 to 56 weight %; The described glass fiber of 7 to 12 weight %; With the ceramic microspheres of 35 to 42 weight %, described ceramic microspheres has 0.50 to 0.80g/mL grain density.

6. system according to claim 1, wherein said filler comprises equally distributed glass microspheres and/or flying dust cenosphere with about 10 to 350 microns average diameter.

7. system according to claim 1, wherein said panel is formed by following each thing, and wherein each is all with drying meter: the described reactive powder of 42 to 68 weight %; The described glass fiber of 5 to 15 weight %; The spheres of ceramic of 23 to 43 weight %; With glass microspheres up to 1.0 weight %.

8. system according to claim 2, wherein said panel comprises core, described core comprises the described continuous phase by the aqueous mixture generation of solidification reactivity powder, described reactive powder comprises the calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate of (with drying meter) 35 to 75 weight %, the hydraulic cement of 20 to 55 weight %, 0.2 active pozzolans to lime and 5 to the 25 weight % of 3.5 weight %, described continuous phase is evenly reinforced by described alkali-resistant glass fiber and is contained described lightweight filler, described lightweight filler comprises equally distributed ceramic microspheres, and it further comprises at least one skin, each described skin comprises the continuous phase by the aqueous mixture generation of solidification reactivity powder, described reactive powder comprises the calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate of (with drying meter) 35 to 75 weight %, the hydraulic cement of 20 to 55 weight %, 0.2 active pozzolans to lime and 5 to the 25 weight % of 3.5 weight %, described continuous phase is evenly reinforced by alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the lightweight filling agent particle has from 0.02 to 1.00 particle proportion and about 10 to 500 microns particle mean size, and at least one skin has the phase density that reduces with respect to described core.

9. system according to claim 8, wherein said skin is formed by following each thing, and wherein each is all with drying meter: the described reactive powder of 42 to 68 weight %; The described glass fiber of 5 to 15 weight %; Up to the glass microspheres of 1.0 weight %, it has about 10 to 350 microns average diameter; With the described lightweight filling agent particle of 23 to 43 weight %, it comprises spheres of ceramic.

10. system according to claim 1, wherein said panel has the thickness of about 1/4 to 1 and 1/2 inch (6.3 to 38.11mm).

11. system according to claim 8, wherein said skin has the thickness of about 1/32 to 4/32 inch (0.8 to 3.2mm).

12. system according to claim 1, the thick SCP panel of the wherein said 3/8-3/4 of having inch (9-19mm) when testing according to ASTM E-72, has the nominal wall shearing capacity of 200 to 1200 pounds/linear feet with the system of mechanical type and/or adhesive-bonded form lateral support metal frame.

13. system according to claim 1, the thick SCP panel of the wherein said 3/8-3/4 of having inch (9-19mm) when testing according to ASTM E-72, has the nominal wall shearing capacity of 400 to 1200 pounds/linear feet with the system of mechanical type and/or adhesive-bonded form lateral support metal frame.

14. system according to claim 1, the thick SCP panel of the wherein said 3/8-3/4 of having inch (9-19mm) is fastened to the system of lateral support metal frame when testing according to ASTM E-72 with mechanical type and/or adhesive-bonded form, have the nominal wall shearing capacity of 800 to 1200 pounds/linear feet.

15. system according to claim 1, wherein said have 1/2 inch (12.5mm) thick SCP panel is fastened to the lateral support metal frame with mechanical type and/or adhesive-bonded form system when testing according to ASTM E-72, has the nominal wall shearing capacity of 200 to 1200 pounds/linear feet.

16. system according to claim 1, wherein said have 1/2 inch (12.5mm) thick SCP panel is fastened to the lateral support metal frame with mechanical type and/or adhesive-bonded form system when testing according to ASTM E-72, has the nominal wall shearing capacity of 400 to 1200 pounds/linear feet.

17. system according to claim 1, wherein said system with 1/2 inch (12.5mm) thick SCP panel and lateral support metal frame have the nominal wall shearing capacity of 800 to 1200 pounds/linear feet when testing according to ASTM E-72.

18. system according to claim 1, wherein said glass fiber is that diameter is that about 5 to 25 microns and length are the monofilament of about 0.25 to 3 inch (6.3 to 76mm).

19. system according to claim 1, wherein dry density is 65lb/ft ³To 95lb/ft ³(1041 to 1522kg/m ³) the panel flexural strength (flexural strength) of in water, soaking after 48 hours be 1000psi (7MPa) at least, this is got by ASTM C 947 thermometricallies.

20. system according to claim 1, wherein dry density is 65lb/ft ³To 95lb/ft ³(1041 to 1522kg/m ³) the panel flexural strength of in water, soaking after 48 hours be 1650psi (11.4MPa) at least, this is got by ASTM C 947 thermometricallies.

21. system according to claim 1, wherein said hydraulic cement is a portland cement.

22. system according to claim 1, wherein said reactive powder comprises the calcium sulfate hemihydrate of 45 to 65 weight %, the hydraulic cement of 25 to 40 weight %, the lime of 0.75 to 1.25 weight % and the active pozzolans of 10 to 15 weight %.

23. system according to claim 1, wherein said joist comprises the roughly C shape parts of being made by metal.

24. having than the shear wall system of structure masonry, system according to claim 1, wherein said shear wall system higher peel off shear strength than nominal wall.

25. system according to claim 1, wherein in test when being exposed to water and continuing 24 hours the horizontal shear dividing plate load bearing capacity of described system will can not reduce and surpass 25%, 2 inches heads are kept in 3/8 to the 3/4 inch thick SCP panel top that is being anchored in described test on 10 feet * 20 feet the metal framework.

26. system according to claim 1, wherein in test when being exposed to water and continuing 24 hours the horizontal shear dividing plate load bearing capacity of described system will can not reduce and surpass 20%, 2 inches heads are kept in the thick SCP panel of the 3/8-3/4 inch top that is being anchored in described test on 10 feet * 20 feet the metal framework.

27. system according to claim 1, wherein in test when being exposed to water and continuing 24 hours described system will can not absorb the water that surpasses 0.7 pounds per square foot, 2 inches heads are kept in the thick SCP panel of the 3/8-3/4 inch top that is being anchored in described test on 10 feet * 20 feet the metal framework.

28. system according to claim 1, wherein being attached to will can not expand when 2 inches heads that the thick described SCP panel dividing plate of 10 feet wide * 20 foot long * 3/8-3/4 inch of 10 feet * 20 feet described metal frameworks keeps above being exposed to the described SCP panel that is being anchored on the described metal framework continue 24 hours surpasses 5%.

29. system according to claim 1, wherein each component satisfies ASTM G-21 detection, and wherein said system reaches approximate 1 grade, and satisfies ASTM D-3273 and detect, and wherein said system reaches approximate 10 grade.

30. system according to claim 1 wherein supports roughly zero bacterial growth when clean.

31. being termites, system according to claim 1, wherein said system can not eat.

32. system according to claim 1, wherein said panel comprises:

Core layer, its comprise described continuous phase and

Be positioned at least one skin on each opposite side of described internal layer, it has another continuous phase separately, described continuous phase produces by solidifying aqueous mixture, described aqueous mixture comprises the reactive powder of (with drying meter) 35 to 70 weight %, the lightweight filler of 20 to 50 weight % and the glass fiber of 5 to 20 weight %, described continuous phase is by glass fiber reinforcement and contain described lightweight filling agent particle, described lightweight filling agent particle has from 0.02 to 1.00 particle proportion and about 10 to 500 microns particle mean size, and wherein said at least one skin has the glass fiber of higher percentage than described internal layer.

33. system according to claim 1, the lightweight character of wherein said system avoid the dead load that is associated with masonry walls.

34. system according to claim 1, wherein said system is non-directionality, because it is parallel or can not lose intensity or load carrying feature perpendicular to the described metal joist of described framework that the described panel of described system can be placed with its long size, wherein no matter the orientation of described SCP panel on described metal frame how, described system support dead load is with mobile load and not damaged ability is identical.

35. a method of making the described non-inflammable shear wall of claim 1 system, it comprises described panel is placed on the described metal upright post.

36., when it is included in environment temperature less than 32_ (0 ℃), described panel is placed on the described metal frame element according to the described method of claim 39.

37., when it is included in environment temperature less than 20_ (7.5 ℃), described panel is placed on the described metal frame element according to the described method of claim 39.

38. according to the described method of claim 39, wherein said placement step comprises: in environment temperature during less than 32_ (0 ℃), fall at least 2 feet to described panel is placed as level is placed on the described metal frame element by described panel being fallen to being placed on make on the described metal frame element that at least one of described panel is terminal; Subsequently described panel and metal frame element are vertically redirected.

39. according to the described method of claim 39, wherein said placement step comprises: in environment temperature during less than 32_ (0 ℃), fall 3 to 4 feet to described panel is placed as level is placed on the described metal frame element by described panel being fallen to being placed on make on the described metal frame element that at least one of described panel is terminal; Subsequently described panel and metal frame element are vertically redirected.

40., wherein described panel vertically is placed on the described vertically-oriented metal frame element according to the described method of claim 39.

41., wherein described panel is lain in a horizontal plane on the metal frame element of described horizontal orientation according to the described method of claim 39.