MX2008008474A - Reinforced cementitious shear panels - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a structural cementitious panel (SCP) panel able to resist lateral forces imposed by high wind and earthquake loads in regions where they are required by building codes. These panels may be used for shear walls, flooring or roofing or other locations where shear panels are used in residential or commercial construction. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of inorganic binder reinforced with glass fibers and containing lightweight filler particles. One or more reinforcement members, such as mesh or plate sheets, are bonded to at least one surface of the panel to provide a completed panel that can breathe and has weather resistant characteristics to be capable of sustaining exposure to the elements during construction, without damage.

Description

CEMENTICIOS CUTTING PANELS. REINFORCED CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is claimed as the benefit under 35 USC 119 of the provisional patent application of the U.S.A. Serial No. 60 / 754,272 filed on December 29, 2005, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to cutting panels that are applied to frames in residential construction and other types of light construction. More particularly, the invention relates to panels that are capable of resisting lateral forces imposed by high wind loads and tremors or earthquakes, in regions where they are required by building codes. These panels, commonly known as cutting panels or diaphragms, must demonstrate shear or shear strength as illustrated by recognized tests such as ASTM E72. These panels can also be used for floors or ceilings or other locations where cutting panels are used in residential or commercial construction. The cutting panels include one or more reinforcing members attached to a structural cement board (SCP) to provide a complete panel that can breathe and has weather resistance characteristics to be able to sustain exposure to the elements during construction, without damage . The SCP material (continuous phase) of the SCP panel is made from a mixture of inorganic binder and lightweight fillers. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Lightweight interior and commercial residential floor and wall systems, commonly include plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), nailed to a wooden frame or mechanically fastened to a metal frame. The OSB consists of pieces of wood joined together with glue. Regardless of whether the frame of a construction is made of wood and / or steel, these frame structures are commonly subject to a variety of forces. Among the most significant of these forces are gravity, wind, and seismic forces. Gravity is a vertical action force while wind and seismic forces are primarily lateral action. Not all cladding panels are able to withstand these forces, nor are they very elastic and some will fail, particularly at points where the panel is attached to the frame. When it is necessary to demonstrate the cut resistance, the cladding panels are measured to determine the load that the panel can withstand within the tolerated deflection, without failure. The cut or shear rating is generally based on tests of three identical mounts of 2.44 x 2.44 meters (8 x 8 feet), ie panels attached to the frame. An edge is fixed in place while a lateral force is applied to a free end of the mounting until the load is no longer supported and the mounting fails. The measured cut resistance will vary, depending on the thickness of the panel and the size and spacing of the nails or mechanical fasteners used in the assembly. The measured resistance will vary as the size and spacing of the nail or mechanical fastener is changed, as provided by the ASTM E72 test. This final strength will be reduced by a safety factor, for example typically a factor of two to three, to establish the cut resistance of the design for the panel. Since the thickness of the board affects its physical and mechanical properties, for example weight, load carrying capacity, resistance to permanent deformation (racking) and similar, the desired properties vary according to the thickness of the board. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 6,620,487 issued to Tonyan et al., Herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses a structurally stable (SCP) panel, dimensionally stable, lightweight, reinforced, capable of resisting cutting loads when attached to frames equal to or that exceed the cutting loads that are provided by the plywood panels or oriented strand board. The panels employ a core of a continuous phase that results from the curing of an aqueous mixture of calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, an active pozzolan and lime, the continuous phase is reinforced with alkali resistant glass fibers, and containing ceramic micro-spheres, or a mixture of ceramic and polymer micro-spheres, or formed of an aqueous mixture that it has a water-to-powder reactive weight ratio of 0.6 / 1 to 0.7 / 1 or a combination thereof. At least one exterior surface of the panels may include a cured continuous phase, reinforced with glass fibers and containing sufficient polymer spheres to improve the nailing capacity or made with a water-to-reactive powder ratio to provide a similar effect to polymer spheres, or a combination thereof. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 6,241, 815 issued to Bonen, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, also describes useful formulations for SCP panels. One form of a plasterboard structure integrally for metal building applications is described in US Pat. No. 5,768,841 issued to Swartz et al. This plasterboard structure has a sheet of metal connected to an entire side of a drywall with an adhesive. Another panel of plasterboard is described in US Pat. No. 6,412,247 issued to Menchetti et al. The International Building Code in its "steel (steel)" section also refers to the use of cutting walls that use panel-like members, ie plasterboard, or gypsum plasterboard, slabs of steel and plywood, etc. The publication of the patent application of the U.S.A. No. 2005/0086905 A1 issued to Ralph et al., Describes cutting wall panels and methods for manufacturing cutting wall panels. Various embodiments comprise plasterboard material used with a sheet stiffener in the form of a plate to form a wall panel that can be used in applications where cutting panels are desired. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to one or more reinforcing members attached to an SCP panel to provide a complete panel that can breathe and that has weather reference characteristics to be able to sustain exposure to the elements during construction. , without harm. The SCP material (continuous phase) of the SCP panel is made from a mixture of inorganic binder and lightweight fillers. In particular, the present invention relates to a panel for resisting shear loads when fastened to frames, comprising: a continuous phase panel resulting from curing an aqueous mixture comprising, on a dry basis, 35 to 70 % by weight of reactive powder, 20 to 50% by weight of lightweight filler, and 5 to 20% by weight of glass fibers, the continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and containing the lightweight filler particles , the lightweight filler particles have a specific gravity of particles from 0.02 to 1. 00 and an average particle size of about 10 to 500 microns (microns); and at least one reinforcing member selected from the group consisting of plate and a mesh sheet connected to a first surface of the continuous phase panel, wherein at least one reinforcing member covers 5 to 90%, typically 10 to 80%, of the first surface of the continuous phase panel. Typically, a high strength adhesive such as an epoxy or urethane is applied to a reinforcing member or to indentations on the embossed side of a weather-resistant SCP panel such as mesh or metal sheet. The reinforcement member is then placed in the indentations on the embossed side of a weather-resistant SCP panel and then held in a press until the adhesive has cured sufficiently to allow handling of the panel without bond detachment. The finished panel can then be placed in steel or wooden frame and connected either with screws or nails. The cutting capacity will be determined by the caliper of the laminated sheet, spacing of size of the fasteners, and the size and size of the frame members. Typical at about 5 to 90%, typically about 10 to 80%, or about 20 to 50% of the embossed side is covered with one or more reinforcing members. If desired, the embossing may be omitted such that the reinforcing members project from the surface of the SCP panel. In a first embodiment, a SCP panel reinforced with fibers is reinforced with horizontal metal strips with a width of 20.32 to 30.48 cm (8-12 in.) Laminated on the length of the panel at the edges and midpoint of the panel. This reduces the weight of the panel compared to a panel covered with a full sheet metal. At a width of 30.48 cm (12 in.) The panel typically has approximately half the steel of a fully laminated panel. Strips they allow the panel to breathe and the spacing allows the panel to be held adequately between the strips. The cutting capacity is a function of the metal gauge and width of the strips. In a second mode, the edges of the SCP panel are reinforced by placing metal on the edges of the SCP panel and bending the metal, for example 9.53 mm (3/8 in.) of metal edge, approximately 90 degrees to form a shallow tray to protect the edges of the SCP panel and add resistance to detachment of the side fastener to resist tearing on the edges, when the Panel is loaded in cut or shear. The term "tear" means when the fastener tears a portion of the SCP panel as the panel is placed in the frame. In another embodiment, a reinforced SCP panel is reinforced with diagonal metal plates at the corners to transport the cutting and rectangular plates in the field to laterally support the panel against folded out of plane when connected to racks. This mode also allows the panel to breathe and reduce the weight of the sheet. This embodiment typically has about 1/3 the amount of steel that the sheet is fully laminated. The reinforcing members typically are metal, polymer or mesh. Typical metal sheets are approximately 0.05 to approximately 0.2 cm (0.02 to approximately .07 in.) Thick. The metal is typically steel or aluminum. For example, steel sheets of approximately 25 to 14 gauge, for example 22 gauge. The metal can be replaced by one or more polymer sheets with a thickness of 0.08 to approximately 0.6 cm (1/32 to 1/4 in.), for example thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting polymer, or mesh, for example glass fiber mesh or carbon fiber mesh.

The present invention also relates to floor or wall systems for residential and light commercial construction including a wooden or metal frame, and reinforced SCP cutting panels. The use of a metal frame allows a totally non-combustible system where all the elements pass ASTM E-136. For example, the system may include reinforced SCP panels that are used with a metal frame system that employs any C-channels, U-channels, double-T beams, square pipes, corrugated metal sheets, and prefabricated gauge construction sections. lightweight, of standard light gauge steel, such as beams or frameworks for floor or bar beams with open weft. The composite SCP panel can be attached to frame members with either pneumatically driven nails or conventional self-drilling screws. A reinforced SCP cutting panel wall may have a specific upper frame placement resistance in a cutting wall compared to a reinforced concrete masonry cutting panel. The resistance to shelf placement is specific is the resistance to final rack placement, in kilograms per linear meter (pounds per linear foot) divided by the weight of the wall assembly (in kilograms per linear meter) (pounds per lineal foot) for a constant wall height. For a given rack positioning resistance, the wall of the present invention is lighter within a practical range of frame positioning resistors than the respective masonry wall of the same rack positioning resistor. The present system, which has a light-gauge, cold-rolled metal frame-cut diaphragm, is also typically water-resistant. Preferably, when testing the system with the SCP panels placed with horizontal orientation, the load carrying capacity of the diaphragm of shearing or horizontal cutting of a system of the present invention, will not be reduced by more than 25% (more preferably not reduced by more than 20%) when exposed to water in a test where a water head of 5.08 cm (2 in.) Is maintained on reinforced SCP panels with a thickness of 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) Held in a metal frame of 3 by 6 meters (10 by 20 feet) for a period of 24 hours. In this test, the 5.08 cm (2 in.) Head is maintained when checking, and replenishing water at 15 minute intervals. Preferably, the system of the present invention will not absorb more than 3.42 kg / m2 (0.7 pounds per square foot) of water when exposed to water in a test where a head of 5.08 cm (2 in.) Of water is maintained. on reinforced SCP panels with a thickness of 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) held in a metal frame of 3 by 6 meters (10 by 20 feet) for a period of 24 hours. In this test, the head is 5.08 cm (2 in.) Is maintained when checking and replenishing water at 15 minute intervals. Also, the system of the present invention resists swelling due to moisture. Preferably, in the system of the present invention, a horizontally oriented diaphragm system of 3 meters (10 feet) by 6 meters (20 feet) long with a thickness of 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) Of the panels Reinforced SCPs connected to a metal frame of 3 by 6 meters (10 by 20 feet) will not swell more than 5% when exposed to a water head of 5.08 cm (2 in.) Held over the SCP panels fastened in the metal frame for a period of 24 hours. In this test, the 5.08 cm (2 in.) Head is maintained by checking and replenishing water at 15 minute intervals. Also, the system of the present invention leads to a wall or ceiling floor system resistant to mold and mildew. Preferably, any component of The system of the present invention complies with ASTM G-21 where the system achieves an approximate score of 1 and satisfies ASTM D-3273 where the system achieves an approximate score of 10. Preferably, the system of the present invention substantially supports zero bacterial growth when it is clean. A potential advantage of the present system is that, due to its high strength, it is better able to provide a structure resistant to tremors or earthquakes. As the thickness of the board affects its physical and mechanical properties, for example weight, load carrying capacity, resistance to placement in racks and the like, the desired properties vary according to the thickness of the board. In this way, for example, the desired properties that a panel with a cut-off rating with a nominal thickness of 19.1 mm (0.75 in.) Must fulfill or satisfy, must comply with the following: A panel of 19.1 mm thick 1.22 x 2.44 m ( 4 x 8 feet, 3/4 in.) Typically weighs no more than 71 kg (156 Ibs) and preferably no more than 65.5 kg (144 Ibs). Thinner panels are proportionally lighter. The present invention provides a method for producing the reinforced SCP panel. The present invention provides a method for producing systems comprising placing the reinforced SCP panel on one or both sides of the metal frame members. The reinforced SCP panels can float on the frame members, for example, on joists, or be connected to the frame members mechanically or with adhesive. Connecting the SCP panels reinforced directly or indirectly to the metal frame members, can achieve a composite action such that the metal frame and the panels work in set to support greater loads. The present invention also encompasses a construction or fuel system, such as a floor, wall or roof system, which includes a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention, connected to one or both sides of a metal frame to increase the capacity of Cutting the wall in frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a reinforced structural cement board (SCP) of the present invention employing strips of reinforcing sheets inserted into indentations of the SCP material of the panel. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on the view ll-ll of the panel of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a top view of a second embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention employing strips of reinforcing sheets, They include strips that wrap around opposite edges of the panel. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view on view IV-IV of the panel of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a top view of a third embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention, wherein the reinforcing strips are project from a panel surface. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view on view VI-VI of the panel of Figure 5. Figure 7 is a top view of a fourth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention that includes reinforcing strips that are wrapped around opposite side walls of the panel.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view on view VIII-VIII of the panel of Figure 7. Figure 9 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a reinforcing SCP panel of the present invention that includes reinforcing mesh that it wraps around opposite walls of the panel. Figure 10 is a top view of a sixth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention including separate corner reinforcement pieces and optional reinforcing strips. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view on view XI-XI of the panel of Figure 10. Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view on view XII-XII of the panel of Figure 10. Figure 13 is a view of a seventh embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention including reinforcement strips and spaced apart corner pieces. Optionally, two of the reinforcement strips contact the corner pieces. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view on view XIV-XIV of the panel of Figure 13. Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view on view XV-XV of the panel of Figure 13. Figure 16 is a view upper of an eighth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention employing a reinforced one piece edge on one of its surfaces. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view on view XVII-XVII of the panel of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a top view of a ninth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention employing a reinforced edge of multiple pieces on one of its surfaces. Figure 19 is a top view of a tenth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention employing a perforated panel. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view on view XX-XX of the panel of Figure 19. Figure 21 is a perspective view of the panel of Figure 19. Figure 22 is a perspective view of a portion of a eleventh embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention employing a panel with small perforations. Figure 23 is a top view of a portion of a twelfth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention employing a panel with small perforations. Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view on view XXIV-XXIV of the panel of Figure 23. Figure 25 is a top view of a portion of a thirteenth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention. Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view on view XXVI-XXVI of the panel of Figure 25. Figure 27 is a top view of a portion of a fourteenth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention. Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view on view XXVIII-XXVIII of the panel of Figure 27. Figure 29 is a side view of a multilayer SCP panel of the present invention with the reinforcement omitted for clarity. Figure 30 is a schematic side view of a metal frame wall suitable for use with a reinforced structural cement board (SCP) of the present invention. Figure 31 is an elevation view of an apparatus that is suitable for making the SCP panel of the present invention, except for a downstream enhancement station and reinforcement connection station. Figure 32 is a perspective view of a sludge feeding station of the type used in the present process. Figure 33 is a fragmentary top plan visa of an embedding or embedding device suitable for use with the present process for embedding lightweight filler. Figure 34 shows ASTM E72 Rack Placement data from five 2.16 x 2.16 m (8 x 8 ft) samples with SCP installed horizontally on 3,624 gauge steel stiles 16 to 40.64 cm (16 in.) To the center with the fastener disposed 15.2 cm (6 in.) to the center on the perimeter and 30.4 cm (12 in.) in the field. Figure 35 is a perspective view of a typical metal floor frame 160, suitable for use with the reinforced SCP panels of the present invention. Figure 36 is a fragmentary schematic vertical section of a single layer SCP panel 162 supported on a metal frame of Figure 35, in a system of the present invention. Figure 37 is a perspective view of SCP panels of Figure 36 supported on a corrugated sheet in the non-combustible floor system of the present invention. Figure 38 shows a perspective view of a portion of the embodiment of Figure 37 where the SCP panel is connected to a corrugated sheet with metal screws. Figure 39 shows one embodiment of a roof system using the reinforced SCP panels of the present invention. Figure 40 shows another embodiment of a roof system using the reinforced SCP panels of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention may employ single layer or multilayer SCP panels, with reinforcing members such as metal, polymer or mesh sheets placed on the panel surface. The reinforcing members are typically made of metal, polymer or mesh, for example glass fiber mesh or carbon fiber mesh. The typical SCP panel material (discussed in more detail elsewhere in this specification), is made from a mixture of water and inorganic binder (examples - gypsum-cement, Portland cement or other hydraulic cements) with weight fillers selected lightweight (examples glass fibers, hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic micro-spheres and / or pearlite, uniformly), and high-level / superplasticizing water reducing mixtures (examples polinaphthalene sulfonates, poly acrylates, etc.) distributed through the mixture. Other additives such as accelerator and retardant mixtures, viscosity control additives may optionally be added to the mixture to meet the demands of the manufacturing process involved. Glass fibers can be used alone or in combination with other types of non-combustible fibers such like steel fibers. This results in panels of the present invention comprising inorganic binder having selected lightweight fillers distributed throughout the thickness of the panel. In the multilayer SCP panel, the layers may be the same or different. For example, the SCP panel may have an inner layer of a continuous phase and at least one outer layer of a continuous phase on each opposite side of the inner layer, wherein at least one outer layer on each opposite side of the inner layer has a higher percentage of glass fibers than the inner layer. This has the ability to strengthen, rigidify and harden the panel. In another embodiment, a multi-layer panel structure can be created to contain at least one outer layer that has improved resistance to nailing and cutting., by using a higher ratio of water-to-reactive powder (defined below) to produce the outer layer (s) relative to the core of the panel. A small thickness of the surface layer coupled with a small dose of polymer content can improve the capacity of dives without necessarily failing the no-burn test. Of course, high doses of polymer content will lead to product failure in the non-combustion test. Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Calcium sulfate hemihydrate, which can be used in panels of the invention, is made from gypsum ore, a mineral of natural origin, (calcium sulfate dihydrate CaS04 »2H20). Unless otherwise indicated, "gypsum" will refer to the form of calcium sulfate dihydrate. After being extracted, the raw gypsum is thermally processed to form a settable calcium sulfate, which may be anhydrous, but more typically is the hemihydrate, CaSCy1 / 2H20. For family end uses, calcium sulfate Reacts with water to solidify to form the dihydrate (gypsum). The hemihydrate has two recognized morphologies, called alpha hemihydrate and beta hemihydrate. These are chosen for different applications, based on their physical properties and cost. Both forms react with water to form the calcium sulfate dihydrate. When hydrating, alpha hemihydrate is characterized by giving crystals with rectangular sides of gypsum, while the beta hemihydrate is characterized by hydrating to produce gypsum crystals in the form of a needle, typically with a large proportion of dimensions. In the present invention, either or both of the alpha or beta forms can be used, depending on the desired mechanical performance. The beta hemihydrate forms less dense micro structures and is preferred for low density products. The alpha hemihydrate forms denser micro structures that have superior strength and density than those formed by the beta hemihydrate. In this way, the alpha hemihydrate can be replaced by the beta hemihydrate to increase strength and density or can be combined to adjust the properties. A typical embodiment for the inorganic binder used to produce panels of the present invention comprises hydraulic cement such as Portland cement, high alumina cement, Portland cement mixed with pozzolan or mixtures thereof. Another typical embodiment for the inorganic binder used to produce panels of the present invention comprises a mixture containing calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, pozzolana and lime. Hydraulic Cement The ASTM defines "hydraulic cement" as follows: a cement that sets and hardens by chemical interaction with water and is capable of doing so under the Water. There are several types of hydraulic cements that are used in the construction and building industries. Examples of hydraulic cement include Portland cement, slag cements such as blast furnace slag cement and super sulfated cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, high alumina cement, expansive cements, white cement and fast set and hardening cements. While calcium sulfate hemihydrate sets and hardens by chemical interaction with water, it is not included within the broad definition of hydraulic cements in the context of this invention. All the aforementioned hydraulic cements can be used to produce the panels of the invention. The most popular and widely used family of closely related hydraulic cements is known as Portland cement. ASTM defines "Portland Cement" as hydraulic cement produced by spraying clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, which usually contain one or more of the calcium sulfate forms as an intermixed addition. To make Portland cement, an intimate mixture of limestone, clay rocks and clay is burned in an oven to produce the clinker, which is then further processed. As a result, the following four main phases of Portland cement are produced: tricalcium silicate (3CaO »S02, also referred to as C3S), dicalcium silicate (2CaO« Si02, called C2S), tricalcium aluminate (3CaOAI203 or C3A), and aluminoferrite tetracalcic (4CaO'AI203 «Fe203 or C4AF). Other compounds present in minor amounts in Portland cement include calcium sulfate and other double salts of alkali sulfates, calcium oxide, and magnesium oxide. Of the various recognized classes of Portland cement, Type III Portland cement (ASTM classification) is preferred to produce the panels of the invention, due to its fineness has been found to provide greater strength. The other recognized classes of hydraulic cements include slag cements such as blast furnace slag cement and super-sulphate cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, high alumina cement, expansive cements, white cement, fast setting and hardening cements such as regulated setting cement and VHE cement, and the other types of Portland cement can also be successfully used to produce the panels of the present invention. Cement slag and calcium sulfoaluminate cement have low alkalinity and are also suitable for producing the panels of the present invention. Fibers Glass fibers are commonly used as insulating material, but have also been used as reinforcement materials with various matrices. The fibers themselves provide tensile strength to materials that may otherwise be subject to brittle failure. Fibers may break upon loading, but the usual mode of failure of glass fiber containing compounds occurs by degradation and failure of the bond between the fibers and the continuous phase material. In this way, these bonds are important in reinforcing fibers to retain the ability to increase ductility and strengthen the compound over time. It has been found that cements reinforced with glass fiber lose resistance over time, which has been attributed to attack on a glass by lime, which occurs when the cement is cured. One possible way to overcome such an attack is to cover the glass fibers with a protective layer, such as a polymer layer. In general, these protective layers can withstand attack by lime, but it has been found that the strength is reduced in the panels of the invention and, from this way, protective layers are not preferred. A more expensive way to limit lime attack is to use special alkali-resistant glass fibers (AR glass fibers), such as Nippon Electric Glass (NEG) 350Y. These fibers have been found to provide superior bond strength with the matrix and are thus preferred for the panels of the invention. The glass fibers are monofilaments having a diameter of about 5 to 25 microns (microns) and typically about 10 to 15 microns (microns). The filaments are generally combined into strands of 100 filaments that can be grouped into strands containing approximately 50 strands. The strands or wicks will generally be cut into convenient filaments and bundles of filaments, for example, about 6.3 to 76 mm (0.25 to 3 in) long, typically 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in). It is also possible to include other non-combustible fibers in the panels of the invention, for example, steel fibers are also potential additives. Puzzolanic Materials As mentioned, most Portland and other hydraulic cements produce lime during hydration (curing). It is convenient to react the lime to reduce attack on the glass fibers. It is also known that when calcium sulfate hemihydrate is present, it reacts with tricalcium aluminate in the cement to form etringuite, which can result in undesirable cracking of the cured product. This is often referred to in the art as "sulfate attack". These reactions can be avoided by adding "pozzolanic" materials, which are defined in ASTM C618-97 as "... siliceous or aluminous siliceous materials which in themselves have little or no cementitious value, but which form finely divided and in the presence of moisture." , they will react chemically with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds that have cementitious properties. "A pozzolanic material often employed is silica fume, a finely divided amorphous silica that is the product of silicon metal and the manufacture of ferro-silicon alloy. It has a high content of silica and a low content of alumina, various natural and man-made materials that have pozzolanic properties, including pumice, perlite, diatomaceous earth or diatoms, tufa, trass earth, metakaolin, microsilica, slag granulated and milled blast furnace and fly ash While silica fume is a particularly convenient pozzolan for use in the panels of the invention, other pozzolanic materials may be employed In contrast to silica fume, metakaolin, granulated blast furnace slag milled and pulverized fly ash, have much lower silica content and higher amounts of alumina, but can be effective pozzolanic materials. When the silica fume is used, it will constitute about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 10 to 15% by weight, of the reactive powders (ie, hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, silica fume and lime). If other pozzolans are substituted, the amounts used will be chosen to provide chemical performance similar to silica fume. Fillers / Light Weight Micro-spheres The lightweight panels employed in systems of the present invention typically have a density of 1.041.3 to 1.441.8 kg / m3 (65 to 90 pounds per cubic foot), preferably 1.041.4 a 1, 361.7 kg / m3 (65 to 85 pounds per cubic foot), more preferably 1, 153.4 to 1, 281.6 kg / m3 (72 to 80 pounds per cubic foot). In contrast, panels based on Portland cement without wood fibers will have densities in the range 1, 521.9 to 1, 762.2 kg / m3 (95 to 110 pcf), while panels based on Portland cement with wood fibers will be approximately the same as SCP, approximately 1.041.3 to 1, 361.7 kg / m3 (65 to 85 pcf). To help achieve these low densities, the panels are provided with lightweight filler particles. These particles typically have an average diameter (average particle size) of about 10 to 500 microns. More typically, have an average particle diameter (average particle size) of 50 to 250 microns (microns) and / or fall within a particle diameter range (size) of 10 to 500 microns. They also typically have a particle density (specific gravity) in the range of 0.02 to 1.00. Micro spheres or other lightweight filler or filler particles serve an important purpose in the panels of the invention, which will otherwise be heavier than convenient for building panels. Used as fillers or lightweight loads, the microspheres help reduce the average density of the product. When the microspheres are hollow, they are sometimes referred to as micro balloons or micro balloons. When the microspheres are hollow, they are sometimes referred to as micro balloons. The microspheres are no longer combustible, or if they are combustible, added in sufficiently small quantities do not make fuel to the SCP panel. Typical fillings or light weight fillers for inclusion in blends used to produce the panels of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of ceramic micro spheres, polymer micro spheres, perlite, glass micro spheres and / or ceno ash spheres steering wheel. Ceramic micro-spheres can be manufactured from a variety of materials and using different manufacturing processes. Although a variety of ceramic micro spheres can be used as a filler or filler component in the panels of the invention, the preferred ceramic micro spheres of the invention are produced as a by-product of coal combustion and are a component of fly ash found in coal-based utilities, for example, EXTENDOSPHERES-SG made by Kish Company Inc., Mentor, Ohio or FILLITE® brand micro-spheres made by Trelleborg Fillite Inc., Norcross, Georgia USA. The chemistry of the preferred ceramic micro spheres of the invention is predominantly silica (SiO2) in the range of about 50 to 75% by weight and alumina (AI2O3) in the range of about 15 to 40% by weight, with up to 35% in weight of other materials. Preferred ceramic micro spheres of the invention are hollow spherical particles with diameters in the range of 10 to 500 microns (microns), a typical cover thickness of about 10% the diameter of the sphere, and a particle density preferably of about 0.50 to 0.80 g / mL. The crush resistance of the preferred ceramic micro spheres of the invention is greater than 10.3 MPa (1500 psi) and preferably greater than 17.2 MPa (2500 psi). Preferably for ceramic micro spheres in the panels of the invention the bed is primarily based on that they are approximately three to ten times stronger than most synthetic glass microspheres. In addition, the preferred ceramic micro-spheres of the invention are thermally stable and provide improved dimensional stability to the panel of the invention. The ceramic micro-spheres find utility in a set of other applications such as adhesives, sealants, caulking, roofing compounds, PVC floors, paints, industrial coatings and plastic compounds resistant to high temperatures. Although preferred, it will be understood that it is not essential that the microspheres be hollow and spherical, since they are the particle density and the compressive strength what the panel of the invention provides with its low weight and important physical properties. Alternatively, porous irrer particles can be replaced, provided that the resulting panels meet the desired performance. Polymer spheres, if present, are typically hollow spheres with a shell made of polymeric materials such as polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride or mixtures thereof. The cover can circumscribe a gas used for expansion of the polymeric cover during manufacture. The outer surface of the polymer microspheres may have a certain type of inert coating such as calcium carbonate, titanium oxides, mica, silica and talc. The polymer microspheres have a particle density of preferably about 0.02 to 0.15 g / mL and have diameters in the range of 10 to 350 microns. The presence of polymer micro spheres can facilitate the simultaneous achievement of low panel density and improved cutting capabilities and nailing capacity. Other light weight fillers, for example micro spheres of glass, perlite or ceno spheres or hollow alumino-silicate micro spheres derived from fly ash, are also suitable for inclusion in mixtures in combination with or instead of ceramic micro spheres used to produce panels of the present invention. Glass micro-spheres are typically made of alkali-resistant glass materials and may be hollow. Typical glass micro spheres are available from GYPTEK INC., Suite 135, 16 Midlake Blvd SE, Calgary, AB, T2X 2X7, CANADA. In a first embodiment of the invention, only ceramic micro spheres are used throughout the thickness of the panel. The panel typically contains about 35 to 42% by weight of ceramic micro spheres uniformly distributed through the thickness of the panel. In a second embodiment of the invention, a mixture of glass microspheres and lightweight ceramics, are used throughout the thickness of the panel. The volume fraction of the glass microspheres in the panel of the second embodiment of the invention will typically be in the range of 0 to 15% of the total volume of the dry ingredients, wherein the dry ingredients of the composition are the reactive powders (examples of reactive powders: hydraulic cement only; mix of hydraulic cement and pozzolana; or mixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan, and lime), ceramic micro spheres, polymer micro spheres, and alkali resistant glass fibers. A typical aqueous mixture has a reactive water-to-powder ratio greater than 0.3 / 1 to 0.7 / 1. As mentioned above, if desired the panel can have a single single or multiple layers of SCP material. Typically, the panel is made by a process that applies multiple layers that, depending on how the layers are applied and cured, as well as whether the layers have the same or different compositions, may or may not retain different layers in the final panel product. Figure 29 shows a multilayer structure of a panel 101 having the layers 102, 104, 106 and 108. In the multilayer structure the composition of the layers may be the same or different. The typical thickness of the layer or layers is in the range between about 0.75 to 25.4 mm (about 1/32 to 1.0 in). When only one outer layer is used, it will typically be less than 3/8 of the total panel thickness. Typical Configurations of Reinforced SCP Panels of the Present Invention Figure 1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a metal reinforced structural cement board (SCP) 10 of the present invention employing strips 14 of reinforcing sheets connected to the SCP material 12 of the panel 10. The strips 14 are implanted in recesses in the surface of the panel such that the upper surface of the strips 14 is flush with the uppermost surface of the SCP material 12. The reinforcing strips 14 are typically made of metal, polymer or maya that has a thickness "A". Typical metal reinforcement strips 14 have a thickness "A" of about 0.05 to about 0.2 cm (about 0.02 to about 0.07 in) thick. The metal is typically steel or aluminum. For example, steel sheets of approximate size from 25 to 14, for example, 22 gauge. The metal can be replaced by one or more sheets of polymer, for example, thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting polymer or mesh, for example fiberglass maya or carbon fiber mali having a thickness "A" of about 0.08 to about 0.6 cm (about 1/32 to 1/4 in). Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on view ll-ll of panel 10 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a top view of a second embodiment of a metal reinforced SCP panel 11 of the present invention, which employs the strips 15, 17 of the reinforcement sheets embedded in the SCP 13 material of the panel 10. The strips they include strips 15 that wrap around opposite edges of the panel. In a second embodiment, the edges of the SCP panel are reinforced by placing metal over the SCP panel edges and bending the metal, eg, 3/8 in. (9.53 mm) of metal edge, approximately 90 degrees to form a little tray. Deep to protect the edges of the SCP panel and contributes to the tearing of the lateral fastener over the edges when the panel is loaded in shear. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view on view IV-IV of panel 11 of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a top view of a third embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 20 of the present invention having reinforcing strips 24. projecting from a surface of the material SCP 22 of the panel 20. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view on the VI-VI view of the panel 20 of Figure 5. Figure 7 is a top view of a fourth embodiment of a reinforcing panel SCP 30 of the present invention including reinforcing strips 34 that wrap around opposite sidewalls of SCP material 32 of panel 30. Optionally, a reinforcing strip 36 is also connected to material SCP 32. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view on view VIII-VIII of panel 30 of Figure 7. Figure 9 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 40 of the present invention, including reinforcement meshes 44 which is they wrap around opposite walls of the SCP material 46 of the panel 40. Figure 10 is a top view of a sixth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 50 of the present invention including spaced apart corner pieces 54 and optional reinforcement strips 56 connected to SCP material 52 of panel 50. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view on view XI-XI of panel 50 of Figure 10. Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view on view XII-XII of panel 50 of Figure 10. Figure 13 is a top view of a seventh embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 60 of the present invention that it includes a central reinforcing strip 68 and spaced-apart reinforcing corner pieces 64. Optionally, the panel 60 is further provided with two reinforcing strips 66 that contact the corner pieces. 64. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view on view XIV-XIV of panel 60 of Figure 13. Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view on view XV-XV of panel 60 of Figure 13. Figure 16 is a top view of an eighth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 70 of the present invention employing a one piece reinforced edge 74 positioned in a notched area on the perimeter of one of the surfaces of the SCP 72 material. The outer perimeter of the edge 74 superimposes the outer perimeter of the material surface SCP 72 to which the edge 74 is connected. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view on view XVII-XVII of panel 70 of Figure 16. Figure 18 is a view superior of a ninth modality of a reinforced SCP panel 80 of the present invention which is the same as the embodiment of Figure 16, but for employing a reinforced multi-part edge on one of the surfaces of the SCP material 82. The edge includes the corner pieces 84, side pieces longitudinal 86 and transverse side pieces 88. Figure 19 is a top view of a tenth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 90 of the present invention employing a panel 94, having perforations 96, connected to the SCP material 92. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view on view XX-XX of panel 90 of Figure 19. Figure 21 is a perspective view of panel 90 of Figure 19. Figure 21 showing panel 90 has a tongue 91 and a groove 93. The other embodiments of the present invention also optionally have a tongue and groove in opposite side walls. Figure 22 is a perspective view of a portion of an eleventh embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 95 of the present invention employing a panel 99, with small perforations, connected to the SCP 97 material. Typical intervals for holes / perforations of the FIGURES 19 and 22 are as follows: Hole size range: .79 to 330.12 mm (1/32"to 12"). Orifice density range per .09 square meter (square foot): 0.5 to 20,000. Surface area of reinforcement coverage interval: 5% to 90% (this is different from the reinforcement coverage interval of 10 to 80% for the other reinforcement members). Figure 23 is a top view of a portion of a twelfth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 130 of the present invention employing a cross pair of reinforcing members 134, 136, connected to the SCP material 132. The cross pair of the reinforcing member 134, 136 overlaps when it crosses. Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view on view XXIV-XXIV of the reinforced SCP panel 130 of Figure 23. Figure 25. is a top view of a portion of a thirteenth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel 140 of the present invention which employs three reinforcing members 144, 146, 148 connected to the SCP material 142 to form a cross pattern. Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view on view XXVI-XXVI of panel 140 of Figure 25. Figure 27 is a top view of a portion of a fourteenth embodiment of a reinforced SCP panel of the present invention, a cross pair. of reinforcing members 154, 155 connected to the SCP material 152 to form a cross-shaped pattern and framed by a reinforcing edge in multiple pieces on one of the surfaces of the material SCP 152. The edge includes corner pieces 153, side pieces longitudinal 156 and transverse side pieces 151. Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view on view XXVIII-XXVIII of panel 150 of Figure 27. Figure 29 is a side view of a multilayer SCP panel 101 of the present invention. having layers 102, 104, 106, 108, with the reinforcement omitted for reasons of clarity. Use of Framed Panels Figure 30 is a perspective view of a typical metal wall frame, suitable for use with reinforced SCP panels of this invention. As shown in Figure 30, a frame 110 for supporting the walls of the base 2 includes a lower track 112, a plurality of metal studs 120, and an optional spacer member 140. The SCP 101 panels (Figure 29) can be secured in any known manner to the exterior side, and if desired the interior side, of the metal wall frame 110 to close the wall and form the exterior surface or surfaces of the wall. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 6,694,695 issued to Collins et al., incorporated herein by reference, more fully describes the arrangement of this metal wall frame. The posts 120 are generally C-shaped. More particularly, the posts 120 have a frame 122 and a pair of L-shaped bridges 124 perpendicular to the frame 122. There are also one or more openings 126 in the frame 122. The openings 126 allow plumbing and electrical conduit items to pass inside the stud wall. The metal studs 120 are secured at one end 121 to the lower tray 112 by conventional fasteners 123 such as, for example, screws, rivets, etc. The lower track 112 is also C-shaped, with a central frame portion 114 and two legs 116 projecting from the frame 114. In the present base system, the frame 114 of the lower track 112 is typically fixed to a floor (not shown) with conventional fasteners such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc. An optional V-shaped stile spacer member 140 having a fold 149 is inserted through aligned openings 126 that are provided through the frames 122 of the respective uprights 120, such that the notches 142 in the spacer member of stile 140 couple the stud openings 126 of the frame 122 of respective uprights 120.

Figure 35 is a perspective view of a typical metal base floor frame 460 suitable for use with the reinforced SCP panels of the present invention. The metal frame 460 has C 450 joist frames supported on a longitudinal edge track or track 452. In practice, the reinforced SCP panels can be mechanically or adhesively connected to the C 450 joists or not connected to the joists in C (that is, they are floating). The joists were connected to the edge track 452 using screws on the side of the beam through a pre-bent tongue and screws through the top of the edge track on the beam 450, at each end. Steel angles 451 were also fastened with screws to the respective joist 450 and to the lip track 452. Locking KATZ 458 is fastened to the bottom of the joists 450 through the centerline of the floor. The lock 458 is connected using a screw through the end of each Katz lock member 458. In particular, the Katz lock 458 is located between cross-points 450 by being staggered on either side of the mid-point and connected by screws. Additional horizontal blocking can be added to the edge track 452 on the loading side to reinforce the lip track 452 for loading purposes. That is, the load lock 457 for load support is provided on the longitudinal edge track between a number of transverse beams 450. 50.8 cm (20 in) lock 459 is fixed between each transverse end joist and the joist beam. transverse end 452 respective penultimate, generally on the longitudinal axis of the frame with screws. Typically a reinforced SCP panel can be connected to the frame by screws or adhesive. Subsequently, at the butt joints and the tongue and groove or tongue and groove locations of the panels, an adhesive, for example ENERFOAM SF polyurethane foam adhesive manufactured by Flexible Products Company of Canada, Inc., may apply to the board. The patent of E.U.A. Number 6,691, 478 B2 awarded to Daudet et al., Describes another example of a convenient metal flooring system. Figure 36 is a fragmentary schematic vertical sectional view of a single layer SCP panel 462 supported on a metal frame 460 of Figure 35 in a system of the present invention. If a fastener (not shown) is desired, it can connect the SCP panel to a C-joist of the metal frame 460. In practice, the floor can be mechanically or adhesively connected to the C-joist or not be connected to the C-joist (for example, floating). The frames can be made of wood or any metal, for example steel or galvanized steel, systems of frames suitable for supporting floors. Typical metal frames include C-joists that have openings for passing plumbing and through-lines and headers to support the C-joists relative to the perimeter of the floor. Preferably, the frames are made of metal to result in a non-combustible system. Figure 37 is a perspective view of SCP panels 416 of Figure 36, supported on a corrugated sheet 403 in the non-combustible floor system of the present invention. In Figure 38, the numeral 401 generally designates a composite floor plate or earthenware assembly comprising a corrugated sheet 403 supported below by a joist (not shown, but which for example may be a C-beam or double-beam T or any other suitable beam) and held at the top by mechanical fasteners 405 to a diaphragm 407 of panel SCP 416.

The corrugated sheet 403 typically has flat portions 408 and 410 of substantially equal length, joined by connector portions 412 that provide recesses and recesses, parallel, regular and equally curved. This configuration has a substantially equal distribution of corrugated sheet surface area on and below a neutral axis 414 (as seen in Figure 38). Optionally, the panels 416 have a tongue 418 and a groove 420 formed on opposite edges to provide continuous interlocking of floor substrate panels 416 to minimize movement of joints under moving and concentrated loads. The modality of Figure 37 involves a design using a corrugated steel plate system, designed using the steel properties supplied by the Steel Plate Institute (SDI = Steel Deck Institute) applied to steel joists and stringers. A roof (not shown), such as plasterboard mounted on DIETRICH RC DELUXE channels can be connected to the bottoms of the joists or ceiling and grid plates that can be hung from the joists. An alternative is that the lower surfaces of the steel are covered with flame retardant materials or projected fibers. The steel joists that support the steel plate are whatever the system can support. Typical steel joists may include those established by the Steel Stud Manufacturers Association (SSMA = Steel Stud Manufactures Association) for use in corrugated steel plate systems, or proprietary systems, such as those sold by Dietrich as TRADE brand joists READY. The spacing of 61 cm (24 in) joists is common. However, the extensions between the joists may be larger or smaller than this. C-joists and open-weave joists are typical.

In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 37, SCP panels 416 have sufficient strength to create a structural bridge over the wide rib openings 422. Figure 38 shows the SCP panels 416 connected to the corrugated sheet 403 by screws 405. As illustrated in Figure 39, for a roof deck, spaced bolts 405, threaded head screws 442 are oriented to form a series of horizontally positioned reinforcing rods or braces of generally triangular shape (e.g., reinforcement bar Th shown as the horizontal line between two of the screws 405) and a series of vertically placed reinforcing bars Tv across the length and width of spans between spaced joists P (as shown in the embodiment of Figure 40) to increase the resistance to vertical and horizontal planar deflection of the ceiling plate. SCP panels 416 are described in more detail below. In the form of the invention illustrated in Figure 39, the diaphragm 407 comprises an SCP panel 416 placed on a sheet of insulation material 430. Figure 40 is a cross-sectional view of the SCP panel of Figure 36 supported on a sheet corrugated of a roof system wherein the SCP panel 416 is fastened on a sheet of insulation material 430 in the non-combustible construction system of the present invention. In the form of the invention of Figure 40, the diaphragm 407 is secured to the upper flange portions 208 of the corrugated sheet 403 by threaded screws 405 having enlarged heads 442. The shape of the system illustrated in Figure 40 is similar to Figure 39, except that a layer or sheet 430 of thermal insulation material is located over the SCP panels 416 to form the diaphragm 407. The sheet 430 of the insulation material, typically comprises foamed polystyrene and fuel or other suitable insulating material. For example, another insulating material such as polyurethane, glass fibers, cork and the like can be used in combination with or instead of polystyrene. Formulation of SCP panels The components used to make the shear or cut resistant panels of the invention, include hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, an active pozzolan such as silica fume, lime, ceramic micro-spheres, resistant glass fibers to alkali, superplasticizers (for example sodium salt of polinaphtalensulfonate) and water. Typically, both hydraulic cement and calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate are present. The long-term durability of the compound is compromised if the calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate is present along with the silica fume. Water / moisture durability is compromised when it is not present in Portland cement. Small amounts of accelerators and / or retarders can be added to the composition to control the setting characteristics of raw material (ie uncured). Typical non-limiting additives include accelerators for hydraulic cement such as calcium chloride, accelerators for calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrates such as gypsum, retarders such as diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA = diethylene triamine pentacetic acid), tartaric acid or an alkaline acid salt tartaric (for example potassium tartrate), shrinkage reducing agents such as glycols and trapped air. Panels of the invention will include a continuous phase wherein alkali resistant glass fibers and lightweight filler or filler, for example microspheres, are evenly distributed. The continuous phase results from the curing of a aqueous mixture of the reactive powders, i.e. mixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime, which preferably including superplasticizer and / or other additives. Typical weight proportions of reactive powder forms (inorganic binder), for example hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime, in the invention, based on the dry weight of the reactive powders, are illustrated in Table 1 Table 1 lists typical ranges of reactive powders, lightweight filler and glass fibers in compositions of the present invention.

Lime is not required in all formulations of the invention, but it has been found that adding lime provides superior panels and is usually added in amounts greater than about 0.2 weight percent. Thus, in most cases, the amount of lime in the reactive powders will be from about 0.2 to 3.5 weight percent. In the first embodiment of an SCP material to be used in the invention, the dry ingredients of the composition will be the reactive powders (ie, hydraulic cement mixture, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), ceramic micro-spheres and fibers of Alkali-resistant glass and the wet ingredients of the composition will be water and superplasticizer. The dry ingredients and the wet ingredients are combined to produce the panel of the invention. The ceramic micro-spheres are evenly distributed in the matrix through the entire thickness of the panel. From the total weight of dry ingredients, the panel of the invention is formed from about 49 to 56 weight percent reactive powders, 35 to 42 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres and 7 to 12 weight percent fiber alkali resistant glass. In a broad sense, the panel of the invention is formed from 35 to 58 weight percent reactive powders, 34 to 49 weight percent filler or light weight filler, for example ceramic micro-spheres and 6 to 17 weight percent of alkali resistant glass fibers of the total dry ingredients. The amounts of water and superplasticizer added to the dry ingredients will be sufficient to provide the desired mud fluidity required to meet the processing considerations for any particular manufacturing process. The typical addition rates for water are in the range between 35 to 60% by weight of reactive powders and those for the superplasticizer are in the range between 1 to 8% by weight of reactive powders.

The glass fibers are monofilaments having a diameter of about 5 to 25 microns (microns) preferably of about 10 to 15 microns (microns). Monofilaments are typically combined into strands of 100 strands, which can be grouped into strands of approximately 5 strands. The length of the glass fibers will typically be from about 6.3 to 25 or 50 mm (about 0.25 to 1 or 2 in) or to 25 to 50 mm (about 1 to 2 in) and widely from 6.3 to 76 mm (about 0.25 to 3). in). The fibers have random orientation, providing an isotropic mechanical behavior in the plane of the panel. A second embodiment of SCP material suitable for use in the invention contains a mixture of ceramic micro-spheres, glass fibers evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the panel. According to this, the dry ingredients of the composition will be the reactive powders (hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), ceramic micro-spheres, glass micro-spheres and alkali-resistant glass fibers and ingredients wet of the composition will be water and superplasticizer. The dry ingredients and the wet ingredients will be combined to produce the panel of the invention. The volume fraction of the glass microspheres in the panel are typically in the range of 7 to 15% of the total volume of dry ingredients. From the total weight of dry ingredients, the panel of the invention is formed from about 54 to 65 weight percent reactive powders, 25 to 35 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres, 0.5 to 0.8 weight percent micro- glass spheres and 6 to 10 weight percent of alkali resistant glass fibers. In the wide range, the panel of the invention is formed from 42 to 68 weight percent reactive powders, 23 to 43 weight percent fillers or weight fillers light, for example ceramic micro-spheres, 0.2 to 1.0 weight percent of glass microspheres, and 5 to 15 weight percent of alkali resistant glass fibers, based on total dry ingredients. The amounts of water and superplasticizer added to the dry ingredients will be adjusted to provide the desired mud fluidity required to meet the processing considerations for any particular process or manufacture. Typical addition rates for water are in the range of 35 to 70% by weight of reactive powders, but can be greater than 60% to 70% (weight ratio of water to reactive powder of 0.6 / 1 to 0.7 / 1. ), preferably 65% to 75%, when it is desired to use the water-to-reactive powder ratio to reduce the panel density and improve the cutting capacity. The amount of superplasticizer is in the range of between 1 to 8% by weight of the reactive powders. The glass fibers are monofilaments having a diameter of about 5 to 25 microns (microns), preferably about 10 to 15 microns (microns). Typically they are formed into groups or bundles into strands and rovings as discussed above. The length of the glass fibers is typical of approximately 25 to 50 mm (approximately 1 to 2 in) and approximately 6.3 to 76 mm (approximately 0.25 to 3 in) approximately. The fibers will have a random orientation providing isotropic mechanical behavior of the panel plane. A third embodiment of the SCP material suitable for use in the invention contains a iple layer structure in the created panel wherein the outer layer (s) has improved nailing capacity (holding ability) / cutting capacity. This is achieved by increasing the water-to-cement ratio in the outer layer (s) and / or by changing the amount of filler and / or by adding a number of sufficiently small polymer micro-spheres in such a way that the panel remains non-combustible. The core of the panel will typically contain ceramic micro-spheres evenly distributed across the thickness of the layer or alternatively, a mixture of one or more of ceramic micro-spheres, glass microspheres and fly ash cenospheres. The dry ingredients of the core layer of this third embodiment are the reactive powders (typically hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime), lightweight filler particles (typically micro-spheres such as ceramic micro-spheres, alone or one or more of ceramic micro-spheres, glass microspheres and fly ash cenospheres), and alkali-resistant glass fibers, and the wet ingredients of the core layer are water and superplasticizer. The dry ingredients and wet ingredients will be combined to produce the core layer of the panel of the invention. From the total weight of the dry ingredients, the core of the panel of the invention is preferably formed from about 49 to 56 weight percent reactive powders, 35 to 42 weight percent of hollow ceramic microspheres and 7 to 12 weight percent. percent by weight of alkali-resistant glass fibers, or alternatively, approximately 54 to 65 weight percent reactive powders, 25 to 35 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres, 0.5 to 0.8 weight percent of glass microspheres or cenospheres of fly ash and 6 to 10 weight percent of alkali resistant glass fibers. In the wide range, the core layer of the panel of this embodiment of the present invention typically is formed by about 35 to 58 weight percent reactive powders, 34 to 49 weight percent fillers or light weight fillers, for example ceramic micro-spheres and 6 to 17 weight percent alkali-resistant glass fibers, based on total dry ingredients or alternately, approximately 42 to 68 weight percent reactive powders, 23 to 43 percent by weight of ceramic micro-spheres, up to 1.0 weight percent, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 weight percent other fillers or light weight fillers, for example glass microspheres or fly ash cenospheres and 5 to 15 percent by weight of alkali resistant glass fibers. The amount of water and superplasticizer added to the dry ingredients will be adjusted to provide the desired mud fluidity required to meet the processing considerations for any particular manufacturing process. The typical addition rates for water are in the range between 35 to 70% of the weight of reactive powders but will be greater than 60% to 70%, when it is desired to use the proportion of water-to-reactive powders, to reduce the density of the panel and improve the nailing capacity and those for the superplasticizer will be in the range of between 1 to 8% of the weight of reactive powders. When the water-to-reactive powder ratio is adjusted, the sludge component will be adjusted to provide the panel of the invention with the desired properties. In general there is an absence of polymer microspheres and an absence of polymer fibers that can cause the SCP panel to become combustible. The dry ingredients of the outer layer or layers of this third embodiment will be the reactive powders (typically hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate pozzolan and lime), lightweight filler particles (typically microspheres such as ceramic micro-spheres alone). or one or more of ceramic micro-spheres, glass microspheres and fly ash cenospheres), and alkali-resistant glass fibers, and the wet ingredients of the outer layer (s) will be water and superplasticizer. Dry ingredients and wet ingredients combine to produce the outer layers of the panel the invention. In the outer layer or layers of the panel of this embodiment of the present invention, the amount of water is chosen to provide good support and cutting ability to the panel. Of the total weight of dry ingredients, the outer layer or layers of the panel of the invention are preferably formed from about 54 to 65 weight percent reactive powders, 25 to 35 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres, 0 to 0.8 percent by weight of glass microspheres and 6 to 10 weight percent of alkali resistant glass fibers. In the wide range, the outer layers of the panel of the invention are formed from about 42 to 68 weight percent reactive powders, 23 to 43 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres, up to 1.0 weight percent of glass microspheres (and / or fly ash cenospheres), and 5 to 15 weight percent alkali-resistant glass fibers, based on total dry ingredients. The amounts of water and superplasticizer added to the dry ingredients are adjusted to provide the desired sludge fluidity required to meet the processing considerations for any particular manufacturing process. Typical addition rates for water are in the range of 35 to 70% by weight of reactive powders and particularly greater than 60% to 70% when it is desired to use the proportion of water-to-reactive powders to reduce the density of the water. panel and improve the nailing capacity, and those superplasticizer will be in the range of between 1 to 8% by weight of reactive powders When the water-to-reactive powder ratio is adjusted, the sludge composition will be adjusted to provide the panel of the invention with the desired properties. In general there is an absence of polymer microspheres and an absence of polymer fibers that will cause the SCP panel to become combustible.

The dry ingredients of the outer layer or layers of this third embodiment will be the reactive powders (typically hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate pozzolan and lime), lightweight filler particles (typically microspheres such as ceramic micro-spheres alone). or one or more of ceramic micro-spheres, glass microspheres and fly ash cenospheres), and alkali-resistant glass fibers, and the wet ingredients of the outer layer (s) will be water and superplasticizer. The dry ingredients and the wet ingredients are combined to produce the outer layers of the panel of the invention. In the outer layer or layers of the panel of this embodiment of the present invention, the amount of water is chosen to provide good fastening and cutting ability to the panel. Of the total weight of dry ingredients, the outer layer or layers of the panel of the invention are preferably formed from about 54 to 65 weight percent reactive powders, 25 to 35 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres, 0 to 0.8 percent by weight of glass microspheres and 6 to 10 weight percent of alkali resistant glass fibers. In the wide range, the outer layers of the panel of the invention are formed from about 42 to 68 weight percent reactive powders, 23 to 43 weight percent ceramic micro-spheres, up to 1.0 weight percent of glass microspheres (and / or fly ash cenospheres), and 5 to 15 weight percent alkali-resistant glass fibers, based on total dry ingredients. The amounts of water and superplasticizer added to the dry ingredients are adjusted to provide the desired sludge fluidity required to meet the processing considerations for any particular manufacturing process. Typical addition rates for water are in the range of 35 to 70% by weight of reactive powders and particularly greater than 60% to 70% when the ratio of water-to-reactive powder is adjusted to reduce the panel density and improve the nailing capacity, and typical adhesion rates for superplasticizer is in the range between 1 to 8% by weight of reactive powders. The preferred thickness of the outer layer (s) is in the range between 0.8 to 3.2 mm (1/32 to 4/32 in) and the thickness of the outer layer when only one is used will be less 3/8 of the total thickness of the panel . In both the core and the outer layer or layers of this embodiment of the present invention, the glass fibers are monofilaments having a diameter of about 5 to 25 microns (microns), preferably 10 to 15 microns (microns). Monofilaments are typically formed into bundles in strands or rovings as discussed above. Typical length is approximately 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in) and widely to 6.3 to 76 mm (0.25 to 3 in) approximately. The fiber orientation will be random, providing isotropic mechanical behavior in the plane of the panel. A fourth embodiment of the SCP material for use in the present invention provides a multilayer panel having a density of 1041.3 to 1441.8 kg / m3 (65 to 90 pounds per cubic foot) and capable of resisting shear loads when fastened to racks and comprising a core layer of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture, a continuous phase resulting from curing an aqueous mixture comprising a dry base, 35 to 70 weight percent reactive powder, 20 to 50 weight percent filler or light weight filler, and 5 to 20 weight percent glass fibers, the continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains the filler or lightweight filler particles, filler particles or light weight cargo have a particle specific gravity of 0.02 to 1.00 and an average particle size of about 10 to 500 microns (microns); and at least one outer layer of another respective continuous phase resulting from curing an aqueous mixture comprising on a dry basis, 35 to 70 percent by weight of reactive powder, 20 to 50 percent by weight of lightweight filler and 5 to 20 percent by weight of glass fiber, the continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contained in the lightweight filler particles, the lightweight filler particles have a specific gravity of particles from 0.02 to 1.00 and an average particle size of approximately 10 to 500 microns (microns) on each opposite side of the inner layer, in wherein at least one outer layer has a higher percent of glass fibers than the inner layer. Preparation of a Panel of the Invention Reactive powders, for example mixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime and filler or light weight filler, for example microspheres are mixed in the dry state in a convenient mixer. Then, water, a superplasticizer (for example sodium salt of polinaphthalene sulfonate), and pozzolan (for example silica and metakaolin fume) are mixed in another mixer for 1 to 5 minutes. If desired, a retarder (eg, potassium tartrate) is added at this stage to control the setting characteristics of the sludge. The dry ingredients are added to the mixer that contains the wet ingredients and formulated for two to ten minutes to form a homogeneous uniform sludge. The sludge is then combined with glass fibers in any of several ways, in order to obtain a uniform mud mixture. The cementitious panels are then formed by emptying the sludge containing fibers in an appropriate mold of desired shape and size. If necessary, vibration is provided to the mold to obtain good compaction of materials in the mold. The panel is supplied with required surface finishing features using an appropriate trowel or rebar. The panel can then be enhanced providing indentations and reinforcing members are inserted into the indentations and connected to the panel. If desired, instead of placing the reinforcing members in indentations, they can be placed on the non-indented surface to project from the panel. One of a number of methods for producing multi-layered SCP panels is as follows. Reactive powders, for example mixture of hydraulic cement, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, pozzolan and lime) and light weight filler, for example micro spheres, are formulated in the dry state in a convenient mixer. Then, water, a superplasticizer (for example sodium salt of polinaphthalene sulfonate), and pozzolan (for example silica or metakaolin fume) are mixed in another mixer for 1 to 5 minutes. If desired, a retarder (eg, potassium tartrate) is added at this stage to control the setting characteristics of the sludge. The dry ingredients are added to the mixer containing the wet ingredients and mixed for 2 to 10 minutes to form a uniform homogeneous sludge. The sludge can be combined with the glass fibers in various ways, with the aim of obtaining a uniform mixture. The glass fibers will typically be in the form of wicks that are cut into short lengths. In a preferred embodiment, the sludge and the chopped glass fibers are sprayed concurrently into a panel mold. Preferably, the spraying is performed in a number of steps to produce thin layers, preferably up to about a thickness 6.3 mm (approximately 0.25 in), which accumulate in a uniform panel that has no particular pattern and with a thickness of 6.3 to 25.4 mm (1/4 to 1 in). For example, in an application, a panel of 0.91 x 1.52 m (3 x 5 ft) is made with 6 steps of the spray in the direction of length and width. As each layer is deposited, a roller can be used to ensure that the sludge and glass fibers achieve intimate contact. The layers can be leveled with a crimping bar or other convenient means after the roller application step. Typically, the compressed air will be used to atomize the sludge. As it leaves the spray nozzle, the sludge is mixed with glass fibers that have been cut from a wick by a tracer mechanism mounted on the spray gun. The uniform mixture of sludge and glass fibers is deposited in the panel mold as described above. If desired, the outer surface layers of the panel may contain polymer spheres or otherwise be formed such that the fasteners employed to connect the panel to the frame can be easily moved. The preferable thickness of these layers will be approximately 0.8 to 3.2 mm (1/32 to 4/32 in). The same procedure described above whereby the core of the panel is made can be used to apply the outer layers of the panel. Other methods to deposit a mixture of glass fiber sludge will occur to those familiar with the technique of panel making. For example, instead of using a batch process to produce each panel, a continuous sheet can be prepared in a similar manner, which after the material has set sufficiently, can be cut into panels of the desired size. The percentage of fibers with respect to the volume of the mud typically it constitutes approximately in the range of 0.5% to 3%, for example 1.5%. Typical panels have an approximate thickness of 6.3 to 38.1 mm (1/4 to 1-1 / 2 in). SCP panels are typically embossed with a sufficiently deep pattern, such that the reinforcement when inserted into the pattern has an exterior surface level with the outer surface of the panel. Although, if desired, the embossing can be omitted in such a way that the upper surface of reinforcements will project from the surface of the panel SCP. The reinforcing members are preferably at least temporarily fixed to the SCP panel by an adhesive applied to one of the larger coupling surfaces. Other connection means for attaching reinforcing members to the SCP panel such as double-sided adhesive tape can also be employed. The adhesive may be epoxy or glue, and may be applied by various means such as brush or spray application, for example. In addition, the adhesive can be applied to a portion or portions of one or both of the major surfaces. However, adhesive is preferably dispersed over the extent of one of the major surfaces of any one of either plasterboard panel or the reinforcement member and is a glue based on water soluble latex. The amount of adhesive applied to adhere the SCP panel and the reinforcement piece as a whole is an amount at least sufficient to hold these two members together in such a way that the composite plasterboard structure can be handled and constructed in a wall structure of building. In this way, the adhesive applied between the SCP panel and the reinforcement piece is of sufficient quantity to maintain these two members together while the composite structure is handled to board and connect to building wall frame studs or floor framing joists , in processes of typical construction. The reinforced SCP panel can be elaborated by automated processes. For example, an SCP panel can be manufactured and provided by automated machinery well known in the industry. The SCP panel can continue its processing by spraying one of its surfaces with an adhesive using a spray device parked on the SCP panel. A reinforcement piece such as a metal strip can then be placed on the adhesive by a robotic mechanism. Another method for producing panels of the present invention is by using the process steps described in the U.S. patent application. Serial number 10 / 666,294, incorporated herein by reference. The patent application of the U.S.A. Serial number 10 / 666,294, incorporated herein by reference, then describes an initial deposition of chopped or highly distributed fibers or a layer of sludge on a moving web, fibers are deposited on the sludge layer. A device of compacting the newly deposited fibers into the sludge, after which additional layers of sludge and then chopped fibers are added, followed by further embedding. The process is repeated for each layer of the board as desired. Next, the board is typically embossed to have a pattern of indentations and the reinforcement members are inserted into the indentations and connected to the board. More specifically, the U.S. patent application. Serial number 10 / 666,294 describes a multilayer process for producing structural cement panels, including: (a.) Providing a moving web; (b.) one of depositing a first layer of loose fibers and (c.) depositing a layer of settable sludge on the web; (d.) deposit a second layer of fibers loose on the mud; (e.) Embedding the second layer of fibers in the mud; and (f.) repeating sludge deposition from step (c.) to step (d.) until the desired number of fiber-enhanced sludge layers, settable in the panel is obtained. Figure 31 is a diagrammatic elevation view of an apparatus that is suitable for performing the process of the U.S. patent application. Serial number 10 / 666,294, but to add enhancement capability to training device 394 and add a reinforcement member connection station 400. Now with reference to Figure 31, a structural panel production line is shown diagrammatically and in general it is designated 310. The production line 310 includes a support frame or forming board 312 having a plurality of legs 313 or other supports. In the support frame 312 a movable carrier 314 is included, such as an endless rubber type conveyor belt with a smooth, water-impermeable surface, however porous surfaces are contemplated. Or the technique is well known, the support frame 312 can be made from at least one table-like segment that can include non-designated legs 313. The support frame 312 also includes a main drive roller 316 at a distal end 318 of the frame, and a secondary roller 320 at a proximal end 322 of the frame. Also, at least one web tensioning and / or tracking device 324 is preferably provided to maintain a desired tension and place the carrier 314 on the rollers 316, 320. Also, in the preferred embodiment, a web 326 of the Kraft paper, release paper and / or other webs of support material designed to support sludge prior to setting, as is well known in the art, can provided and placed on the carrier 314 to protect it and / or keep it clean. However, it is also contemplated that the panels produced by the present line 310 are formed directly on the carrier 314. In this latter situation, at least one band washing unit 328 is provided. The carrier 314 moves on the support frame 312 by a combination of motors, pulleys, bands or chains that move the main drive roller 316 as known in the art. It is contemplated that the speed of the carrier 314 may vary to suit the application. In the apparatus of Figure 31, production of structural cement board is initiated by one of depositing a layer of loose chopped fibers 330 or a layer of sludge on the weft 326. An advantage of depositing the fibers 330 prior to the first deposition of sludge is that the fibers will be embedded near the outer surface of the resulting panel. A variety of fiber deposition and cutting devices are contemplated by the present line 310, however the preferred system employs at least one shelf 331 that supports several reels 332 of fiberglass rope, each of which is fed a rope 334 of fibers to a cutting apparatus or station, also referred to as a tracer 336. Tracer 336 includes a roller with rotating blades 338 from which radially extended blades 340 project, extending transversely across the width of carrier 314, and which is placed in a close rotating contact relationship with an anvil roller 342. In the preferred embodiment, the roller with vanes 338 and the anvil roller 342 are placed in a relatively close relationship such that the rotation of the roller with blades 338 also rotates the anvil roller 342, however it is also contemplated what reverse. Also, the anvil roller 342 is preferably covered with a resilient support material against which the blades 340 cut the cords 334 into segments. The spacing of the blades 340 on the roller 338 determines the length of the chopped fibers. As seen in Figure 31, the tracer 336 is placed on the carrier 314 near the proximal end 322 to maximize the productive use of the length of the production line 310. As the fiber cords 334 are cut, the fibers 330 fall loose on the carrier web 326. Next, a sludge feed station, or sludge feeder 344 receives a supply of sludge 346 from a remote mixing location 347 such as a hopper, reservoir or the like. It is also contemplated that the process may begin with the initial deposition of the sludge on the carrier 314. The sludge of preference is comprised of varying amounts of Portland cement, gypsum, aggregate, water, accelerators, plasticizers, foaming agents, fillers or fillers and / or other ingredients, and described above and in the patents cited above that have been incorporated by reference to produce SCP panels. The relative amounts of these ingredients, including the removal of some of the above or the addition of others, may vary to suit the use. While various configurations of sludge feeders 344 are contemplated to uniformly deposit a thin layer of sludge 346 on the movement carrier 314, the preferred sludge feeder 344 includes a main dosing roller 348 positioned transversely to the travel direction of the carrier 314. A backup or companion roll 350 is placed in a parallel rotational relationship close to the dosing roller 348, to form a holding point 352 therebetween. A pair of side walls 354, of Non-adherent material preference, such as Teflon® brand material or the like, prevents the sludge 346 from being drained at the attachment point 352 from escaping from the sides of the feeder 344. The feeder 344 deposits a uniform, relatively thin layer of the sludge 346 over the the motion carrier 314 or the carrier frame 326. Suitable layer thicknesses are in the range from about .127 to .508 cm (about 0.05 to 0.20 in). However, with four preferred layers in the preferred structural panel produced by the present process, and a convenient construction panel that is approximately 1.27 cm (0.5 in.), An especially preferred layer thickness of mud is approximately .318 mm (0.125 in.). Now with reference to Figures 31 and 32, to achieve a sludge layer thickness as described above, various features are provided to the sludge feeder 344. First, to ensure a uniform arrangement of sludge 346 throughout the entire web 326. , the slurry is supplied to the feeder 344 through a hose 356 located in a reciprocating laterally reciprocating fluid-energized jet, 358 of the type well known in the art. The sludge flowing from the hose 356 in this manner is emptied into the feeder 344 in a reciprocating lateral movement to fill a reservoir 359 defined by the rollers 348, 350 and the side walls 354. The rotation of the dosing roller 348 in this way removes a layer of mud 346 from the tank. Next, a roll for thickness control or thickness monitoring 360 is placed slightly above and / or slightly downstream of a vertical centerline of the main metering roller 348 to regulate the thickness of the sludge 346 extracted from the feed tank 357 on an outer surface 362 of the main metering roller 348. Also, the thickness control roll 360 allows handling of sludge with different and constantly changing viscosities. The main metering roller 348 moves in the same direction of travel "T" as the direction of movement of the carrier 314 and the carrier frame 326, and the main dosing roller 348, the backup roller 350 and the thickness monitoring roller 360 all rotate in the same direction, which reduces the opportunities for premature setting of sludge on the respective moving outer surfaces. As the sludge 346 on the outer surface 362 moves towards the carrier web 326, a transverse stripping wire 364 located between the main metering roller 348 and the carrier web 326 ensures that the sludge 346 is completely deposited on the carrier web and not proceeds back to the fastening point 352 and the feeder reservoir 359. The detachment wire 364 also helps maintain the main dosing roller 348 free of premature settling sludge and maintains a relatively uniform sludge curtain. A second tracing device or station 366, preferably identical to the trocutor 336, is placed downstream of the feeder 344 to deposit a second layer of fibers 368 on the sludge 346. In the preferred embodiment, the splitter apparatus 366 is fed into strings 334 of the Same shelf 331 feeding the 336. However, it is contemplated that separate shelves 331 may be supplied to each individual lumberjack, depending on the application. Now with reference to Figures 31 and 33, below, an embedding device, generally designated 370 is placed in relation operational to the sludge 346 and the movement carrier 314 of the production line 310 to embed the fibers 368 in the sludge 346. While a variety of embedding devices are contemplated, including but not limited to vibrators, goatfoot compactors or leg-goats and the like, in the preferred embodiment, the embedding device 370 includes at least one pair of generally parallel arrows 372 mounted transversely in the travel direction "T" of the carrier frame 326 in the frame 312. Each arrow 372 is provides with a plurality of relatively large diameter discs 374 that are axially separated from each other in the arrow by small diameter discs 376. During panel production SCP, arrows 372 and discs 374, 376 rotate in conjunction with the longitudinal axis of the arrow. As is well known in the art, either one or both of the arrows 372 can be energized, and if only one is energized, the other can be moved by bands, chains, gears or other known power transmission technologies to maintain an address corresponding and speed of the driving roller. The respective disks 374, 376 of the adjacent, preferably parallel, arrows 372 mesh with each other to create a "kneading" or "massaging" action in the sludge, which embeds the fibers 368 previously deposited therein. In addition, the close, engaged and rotating relationship of the discs 372, 374 prevents the accumulation of sludge 346 on the discs, and in effect creates a "self-cleaning" action that significantly reduces the non-operative time of the production line due to premature setting of mud clumps. The geared relationship of the disks 374, 376 on the arrows 372 includes a closely adjacent arrangement of opposite peripheries of the small diameter spacer discs 376 and relatively large diameter main discs 374, which also facilitates self-cleaning action. As discs 374, 376 rotate with each other in close proximity (but preferably in the same direction), it is difficult for sludge particles to trap in the apparatus and prematurely set. By providing two sets of discs 374 that move laterally to each other, the sludge 346 undergoes multiple acts or rupture actions, creating a "kneading" action that additionally embeds the fibers 368 in the sludge 346. Once the fibers 368 have been embedded, or in other words, as the moving carrier frame 326 passes the embedding device 370, a first layer 377 of the SCP panel is completed. In a preferred embodiment, the height or thickness of the first layer 377 is in the approximate range of .127 to .508 cm (0.05-0.20 n). This interval has been found to provide the desired strength and stiffness when combined with like layers in an SCP panel. However, other thicknesses are contemplated depending on the application. To build a structural cementitious (cement-based) panel of desired thickness, additional layers are required. For this purpose, a second sludge feeder 378, which is substantially identical to the feeder 344, is provided in operational relation to the mobile carrier 314, and is positioned for deposition of an additional layer 380 of the sludge 346 on the existing layer 377. , an additional plotter 382, substantially identical to the tracers 336 and 366, is provided in operational relation, to the frame 312 to deposit a third layer of fibers 384 that are provided from a shelf (not shown) constructed and positioned with respect to the frame 312 in a similar manner to the shelf 331. The fibers 384 are deposited on the sludge layer 380 and embedded using a second inlay 386. Similar in construction and arrangement to the 370 incrustation device , the second keying device 386 is mounted slightly higher with respect to the moving carrier frame 314 in such a way that the first layer 377 is not disturbed. In this way, the second layer 380 of the sludge and embedded fibers is created. Now with reference to Figure 31, with each successive layer of settable sludge and fibers, an additional sludge feeder station 344, 378, 402 followed by a fiber tracer 336, 366, 382, 404 and an embedding device 370, 386 , 406 is provided on the production line 310. In the preferred embodiment, four layers in total (see for example, panel 101 of Figure 29) are provided to form the SCP panel. Upon the arrangement of the four layers of settable mud embedded with fibers as described above, a forming device 394 is preferably provided to the frame 312 to form an upper surface 396 of the panel. These forming devices 394 are known in the production technique of the set board / slurry, and are typically vibratory or spring loading plates that adapt to the height and shape of the multilayer panel to conform to the desired dimensional characteristics. The panel that is made has multiple layers (see for example the layers 22, 24, 26, 28 of the panel 101 of Figure 29) which, when set, form a mass reinforced with integral fibers. Provided the presence and placement of fibers in each layer are controlled by and maintained within certain desired parameters as described and illustrated below, it will be virtually impossible delaminate the panel. At this point, the sludge layers have begun to set, and the respective panels are separated from each other by a cutting device 398, which in the preferred embodiment is a water jet cutter. Other cutting devices, including moving blades, are considered suitable for this operation, as long as they can create conveniently sharp edges in the present panel composition. The cutting device 398 is positioned with respect to the lines 310 and the frame 312, such that panels having a desired length are produced, which may be different from the representation shown in Figure 31. Since the frame speed carrier 314 is relatively slow, the cutting device 398 may be mounted to cut perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the web 314. with faster production speeds, such cutting devices are known mounted production line 310 at an angle the direction of travel of the frame. Upon cutting, the separate panels 321 are stacked for further handling, packing, storage and / or shipping as is well known in the art. The reinforcing members are then inserted into the pattern downstream of the forming device 394 and adhered with glue or other means to the SCP panel at an insertion and connection station 400. If desired, the forming device 394 enhances the SCP panel to make indentations in the SCP panels and the reinforcing members are placed in the indentations in the insertion and connection station 400. in quantitative terms, the influence of the number of fiber layers and mud, the volume fraction of fibers in the panel , and the thickness of each layer of sludge, and the diameter of fiber strands in fiber embedding efficiency, It has been investigated. In the analysis, the following parameters were identified: vt - Total composite volume vs - Total panel mud volume v if = Total panel fiber volume Vfj = Fiber volume / total layer vT, i = Total composite volume / layers vs, i = Total mud volume / layers Ni = Total number of mud layers; Total number of fiber layers Vf = volume fraction of fibers of the total panel Df = equivalent diameter of strands of individual fibers lf = length strands individual fibers t = Panel Thickness ti = Total thickness of individual layer including slurry and ts = thickness fibers sludge layer Individual Nfi, NFII, rim = total number of fibers in a fiber layer SPF, i SFF sPn.i = Total projected surface area of fibers contained in a fiber layer Spf, Spf, SPF2 i = Fraction of surface area of fibers designed for a layer of fibers. Fraction of Projected Surface Area of Fibers, SPi¿. Consider a panel composed of an equal number of layers of fibers and mud. Let the number of these layers be equal to N, and the fraction of fiber volume in the panel equal to Vf. In summary, the fraction of surface area of fibers projected Spf, of a network layer of fibers deposited on a different mud layer is given by the following mathematical relationship: where, Vf is the volume fraction of total panel fibers t is the total panel thickness, dj is the diameter of the fiber strands,? /, is the total number of fiber layers and ts, is the thickness of the different mud layer that is used. Accordingly, in order to achieve good fiber embedding efficiency, the objective function is to maintain the fraction of fiber surface area below a certain critical value. It is worth noting when changing one or more variables that appear in Equations 8 and 10, the fraction of surface area of projected fibers can be adjusted to measure to achieve good embedding fiber efficiency. Different variables that affect the magnitude of the fraction of projected surface area of fibers are identified and approaches have been suggested to adjust to measure the magnitude of "the fraction of projected fiber surface area" to achieve good efficiency embedding fibers. These approaches involve varying one or more of the following variables to maintain the fraction of fiber surface area projected below a critical threshold value: number of different layers of mud and fibers, thickness of different layers of mud and diameter of the fiber strand. Based on this fundamental work, the typical magnitudes of the projected fiber surface area fraction, Spa has been discovered as follows: Typical projected fiber surface area fraction, SPf < 0.65. Another typical projected fiber surface area fraction, Spf < 0.45. For a volume fraction of design panel fibers, Vf, achievement of the aforementioned preferred magnitudes of the projected fiber surface area fraction can be made possible by tailoring one or more of the following variables - total number of layers of different fibers, thickness of different mud layers and diameter of fiber strands. In particular, suitable ranges for these variables that lead to the typical magnitudes of the projected fiber surface area fraction are as follows: Thickness of Different Mud Layers in Multiple SCP Panels Preferred thickness of different mud layers, fSi / £ .508 cm (< .20 in) More preferred thickness of different mud layers, ts, i < .305 cm (< .12 in) Most preferred thickness of different mud layers, ts, i £ .203 cm (< .08 in) Number of Different Fiber Layers in Multiple SCP Panels Layers, Ni Preferred number of different fiber layers,? /, > 4 Most preferred number of different fiber layers, N > 6 Diameter of fiber strands, d, Preferred fiber strand diameter, d, > 30 tex Most preferred diameter of fiber strands, d > 70 tex When using the panels as floor material placed under the finishes or structural sub-floor, preferably with a tongue-and-groove construction, which can be achieved by shaping the edges of the panel during pouring or before use when cutting the tongue-and-groove with a router. Preferably, the tongue-and-groove will be tapered, as shown in Figures 3 and 4A-C1 the taper provides easy installation of the panels of the invention. Further details of variations in the process and amounts of fibers embedded in typical SCP panels for use in the present invention are provided by the following patents and patent applications: US Pat. No. 6,986,812, issued to Dubey et al. with title SLURRY FEED APPARATUS FOR FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENTITIOUS PANEL PRODUCTION, here incorporated by reference in its entirety; and the following patent applications of the U.S.A. of common assignment, co-dependent, all here incorporated by reference in their entirety: Publication of the patent application of the US. number 2005/0064164 A1 granted to Dubey et al., application number 10 / 666,294, with title, MULTI-LAYER PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH STRENGTH FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENTITIOUS PANELS; Publication of the patent application of the US. number 2005/0064055 A1 granted to Porter, application number 10 / 665,541 with title EMBEDMENT DEVICE FOR FIBER-ENHANCED SLURRY; US patent application. Serial Number 11 / 555,647, with title PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING CEMENTITIOUS SLURRY FOR FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENT PANELS, presented in November 1, 2006; US patent application. Serial Number 11 / 555,655, with title M METHOD FOR WET MIXING CEMENTITIOUS SLURRY FOR FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENT PANELS, presented on November 1, 2006; US patent application. Serial Number 11 / 555,658, titled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR WET MIXING CEMENTITIOUS FANGO FOR FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENT PANELS, presented on November 1, 2006; US patent application. Serial Number 11 / 555,661, with title APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR WET MIXING CEMENTITIOUS SLURRY FOR FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENT PANELS, presented on November 1, 2006; US patent application. Serial Number 11 / 555,665, with title WET SLURRY THICKNESS GAUGE AND METHOD FOR USE OF SAME, presented on November 1, 2006; Publication of the patent application of the US. Serial Number 11/591, 793, with title MULTI-CAPA PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH STRENGTH FIBER-REINFORCED STRUCTURAL CEMENTITIOUS PANELS WITH ENHANCED FIBER CONTENT, presented on November 1, 2006; US patent application. Serial Number 11/591, 957, with title EMBEDMENT ROLL DEVICE, presented on November 1, 2006. PROPERTIES SCP frame and panel systems that use these panels SCP (before including reinforcement) preferably have one or more of the properties cited in TABLES 2A-2D. An amount of these properties will be enhanced by reinforcement while others, for example, resistance to molds and bacteria are expected to remain substantially the same.

Shear Capacity of Horizontal Design in Table 2D provides a safety factor of 3. A panel with typical thickness of 19 mm (3/4 in), when tested with the test methods ASTM 661 and APA S-1 on an extension of 406.4 mm (16 in) in centers, has a final load capacity greater than 250 kg (550 Ib), under static load, a final load capacity greater than 182 kg (400 Ib) under impact load and a deflection less than 1.98 mm (0.78 in) both under static load and impact with a load of 90.9 kg (200 Ib). Typically, the flexural strength of a panel having a dry density of 1040 kg / (m365 lb / ft3) to 1440 kg / m3 (90 lb / ft3) or 1040 kg / m3 (65 lb / ft3) to 1522 kg / (m395 lb / ft3) after being impregnated in water for 48 hours is at least 7 MPa (1000 psi), for example 9 MPa (1300 psi), preferably at least 11. 4 MPa (1650 psi) more preferably at least 11.7 MPa (1700 psi) as measured by the ASTM C 947 test. Typically, the horizontal shear diaphragm load carrying capacity of the system will not be reduced by more than 25% , preferably not reduced by more than 20%, when exposed to water in a test where a water head of 5.1 cm (2 in) is maintained on panels SCP with thickness of 1.9 cm (3/4 in) subject in a metal frame of 305 X 610 cm (10 x 20 feet) for a period of 24 hours. Typically, the system will not absorb more than 3.42 kg / m2 (0.7 pounds x ft2) of water when exposed to water in a test where a 5.1 cm (2 in) water head is maintained on SCP panels with a thickness of 1.9 cm (3/4 in) attached to a metal frame of 305 x 610 cm (10 x 20 feet) for a period of 24 hours. Typically, one embodiment of the present system having a diaphragm with a width of 305 X 610 cm (10 x 20 feet) in length, with a thickness of 1.9 cm (3/4 in) of the SCP panels connected to a metal frame of 305 X 610 cm (10 x 20 feet) will not swell more than 5% when exposed to a 5.1 cm (2 in) water head held over the SCP panels attached to the metal frame for a period of 24 hours. Typically, the present reinforced SCP panel complies with ASTM G-21 where the panel achieves approximately 1 and complies with ASTM D-3273 where the system achieves approximately 10. Also, typically the present system substantially supports zero bacterial growth when Is it clean. Also, typically the present system is not edible for termites. Typically, a non-fuel system for construction comprising: a cutting or shearing diaphragm supported on a metal frame, the shear cutting diaphragm comprises the panel of the present invention and the frame comprises metal frame members where the panel has a thickness of 1.9 cm (3 / 4 in) and has a final load of resistance to permanent deformation measured in accordance with ASTM E72 permanent deformation from about 1996 to 3357 kg (4400 to 7400 Ibs). For a 2.4 x 2.4 m (8 x 8 ft) wall mount. This results in a nominal wall shear strength of approximately 818.7 to 1376.9 kg / m (approximately 550 to 925 Ib per linear foot). For example, the final load of resistance to permanent deformation may be in the range of about 2086 to 2721 kg (about 4600 to about 6000 Ib) for a 2.4 x 2.4 m (8 x 8 ft) wall mount. This results in a permanent wall shear strength of about 855 to 1116.4 kg / m (575 to 750 Ib per linear foot). The mounting for this permanent deformation measurement of ASTM E72 is single-sided and has 16 gauge uprights of 9.2 cm (3-5 / 8 in), 40.64 (16 in) in center with fasteners of 15.24 cm (6 in) to the center in the perimeter and 30.48 cm (12 in) to the center in the field. The panels for this measurement of permanent deformation ASTM E72 are installed horizontally without blocking in the cavities. The fasteners were DRILLER BUGEL HEAD screws with fins # 8-18 x 4.16 cm (1-5 / 8 in) long. Values for permanent wall deformation resistance may vary for studs of different caliber, spacing of different studs or different spacer spacing. In this way, a typical range for permanent wall deformation resistance is in the range of 744.26 to 10.419.67 kg / m (500 - 7000 plf), shear strength with deformation permanent nominal. The Resistance to Permanent Wall Deformation is expressed in kg / m (Ib per lineal foot), the final load for a test specimen can be expressed as the maximum load in the test specimen as a whole unit, or in a final load expressed in kg / m (Ib / linear foot) for example the width of the specimen. Typically, the panel when attached to wall frames has permanent deformation shear strength between 1.1 and 3.0 times the shear strength of a SCP panel with similar sizing (size) without reinforcement fastened in the same wall frame with the same bras. EXAMPLES Test Specimen Diaphragm Materials: Structural Cement Panel - 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) prototype SCP of the present invention reinforced with glass fiber strands. A "V" tongue is located on the 2.4 m (8 ft) dimension of the 122 x 244 cm (4 x 8 ft) sheets. The formulation used in the examples of SCP panels of this floor diaphragm test is cited in TABLE 3.

A total of 5 panels were tested. Each panel consisted of the same frame detail posts (caliber 16 to 9.2 cm (3-5 / 8 in) manufactured by Dietrich located in the center at 40.6 cm (16 in)), distribution of fastener 15.2 cm (6 in) at center on the perimeter, 30.5 cm (12 in) in the field) and 1.9 cm (3/4 inch) SCP panels were all installed horizontally without blocking in the cavities. All the assemblies were on one side only.

Panel 1 is the base case without additional added metal reinforcement. Panel 2 has a full-blade piece (122 X 244 cm (4 x 8 feet)) of 22 gauge steel attached to the back side. Panel 3 had 20 gauge steel (8 in) width strips joined over the 2.4 cm (8 in) dimension of the panel (similar to the embodiment in Figure 5). The reinforcements of Panels 3-5 are glued to the surface of the panel to project from the surface of the panel. Panel 4 had reinforcements of 46 x 46 cm (18 x 18 in) attached to all four corners of each SCP panel (similar to the embodiment of Figure 10, but the reinforcements are projected and there are no reinforcement members 56). Panel 5 had reinforcements of 46 x 46 cm (18 x 18 in) with bent edges attached to all four corners of each SCP panel (similar to Panel 4 but the reinforcements have flipped edges). The final loads measured in accordance with final deformation of ASTM E72 were as follows (number in square brackets are the correlation indices): Panel 1-1881 kg (4147 Ib) [1] Panel 2- 3470 kg (7651 Ib) [1,845 ] Panel 3-2558 kg (5641 Ib) [1.360] Panel 4-2137 kg (4712 Ib) [1.136] Panel 5-736 kg (3828 Ib) [0.923] The failure modes for each panel were as follows: Panel 1 - detachment of fastener around the perimeter Panel 2- detachment of the fastener through / shear around the perimeter. Metal detached and folded on the back side.

Panel 3 - fastener detached through / shear around the perimeter. Metal detached and flipped on the back side. Panel 4 - detachment of fastener / shear around the perimeter. Metal peeled and folded on the back side. The adhesive appears to have not fully cured and is still wet to the touch after the test. Panel 5 - fastener shear around the perimeter initially after detachment with bending of fasteners. Metal peeled and folded on the back side. It should be noted here that due to the bent portion of the reinforcement that a 0.476 cm (3/16 inch) space was present on the horizontal joint of the assembly. This will adversely affect performance. Figure 34 shows ASTM E72 permanent deformation of these 5 samples of 2.4 x 2.4 meters (8 x 8 feet) with the SCP installed horizontally on 16-gauge steel stiles 3,624 to 40.64 cm (16 in) to the center with the fastener distribution of 15.2 cm (6 in) to the center on the perimeter and 30.5 cm (12 in) in the field. While a particular embodiment of the system employing a horizontal diaphragm of fiber reinforced structural cement panels in a metal frame has been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications thereto can be made, without departing from the invention in its broader aspects and as established in the following claims.

Claims (34)

1. CLAIMS 1. A panel to resist cutting or shearing loads when attached to frames, characterized in that it comprises: a continuous phase panel resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture comprising on a dry basis, 35 to 70 weight percent of reactive powder, 20 to 50 weight percent filler or light weight filler and 5 to 20 weight percent glass fibers, the continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains the lightweight filler particles, the lightweight filler particles have a particle specific gravity of 0.02 to 1.00 and an average particle size of about 10 to 500 microns; and at least one reinforcing member selected from the group consisting of plate and a mesh sheet connected to a first surface of the continuous phase panel, wherein the reinforcing member at least covers 5 to 90% of the first surface of the panel of continuous phase.
2. 2. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: a first backing sheet connected to the continuous phase on the first planar surface of the panel; and a second backing sheet connected to the continuous phase on a second planar surface of the panel. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing member comprises material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, wood and plastic. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing member comprises rectangular strips placed in depressions in the surface of the continuous phase. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing member comprises rectangular strips placed in depressions in the surface of the continuous phase, such that an upper surface of the respective rectangular strips is substantially flush with an upper surface of the continuous phase. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing member at least comprises rectangular strips, wherein an upper surface of the respective rectangular strips projects from a top surface of the continuous phase. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing member comprises strips of reinforcing sheets having an L-shaped cross section and respectively wrapping around opposite edges of the panel. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least reinforcement strips for reinforcement plate wrap around opposite side walls of the continuous phase of the panel. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing member comprises reinforcing mesh having a U-shaped cross section that wraps around opposite walls of the continuous phase of the panel. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing member comprises a mesh sheet wrapped around opposite surfaces of the continuous phase of the panel. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing member comprises spaced apart corner pieces and optional reinforcement strips connected to the continuous phase of the panel. 12. The panel according to claim 1, characterized because at least one reinforcing member comprises a central reinforcing strip and separate reinforcing corner pieces, optionally, the panel is further provided with two reinforcing strips which contact the corner pieces. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing member comprises a reinforced one-piece edge having an outer perimeter on or adjacent to a perimeter of one of the surfaces of the continuous phase of the panel and a inside perimeter. 14. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing member at least comprises a reinforcing panel having an outer perimeter on or adjacent to a perimeter of one of the surfaces of the continuous phase of the panel and an inner perimeter, wherein the reinforcing edge comprises an edge of reinforcing multiple pieces on one of the surfaces of the continuous phase, the reinforcing edge comprises corner pieces, longitudinal side pieces and transverse side pieces. 15. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing member at least comprises a panel, having perforations connected to the continuous phase. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel comprises: a core layer comprising the continuous phase, and at least one outer layer of another respective continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture comprising a base dry, 35 to 70 weight percent reactive powder, 20 to 50 weight percent filler light weight filler, and 5 to 20 weight percent glass fiber, the continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and Containing the lightweight filler or filler particles, the filler or lightweight filler particles have a specific gravity of particles of 0. 02 to 1.00 and an average particle size of about 10 to 500 microns (microns) on each opposite side of the inner layer, wherein the outer layer at least has a higher percentage of glass fibers than the inner layer. 17. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous phase results from the curing of an aqueous mixture of reactive powders comprising, on a dry basis, 35 to 75 weight percent of calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, 20 to 55 percent by weight of hydraulic cement, 0.2 to 3.5 percent by weight of lime, and 5 to 25 percent by weight of an active pozzolan, the continuous phase is uniformly reinforced with alkali resistant glass fibers and containing filler particles or light weight load evenly distributed, comprising ceramic micro-spheres evenly distributed. 18. The panel according to claim 17, characterized in that the ceramic micro-spheres have an average particle size of 50 to 250 microns and / or fall within a particle size range of 10 to 500 microns. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel is formed from 35 to 58 weight percent reactive powders, 6 to 17 weight percent glass fibers, and 34 to 49 weight percent at least one lightweight filler or filler selected from the group consisting of ceramic micro-spheres, glass microspheres, fly ash cenospheres or perlite, each on a dry basis. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel is formed from 49 to 56 weight percent reactive powders, 7 to 12 weight percent glass fibers, and 35 to 42 percent in weigh of ceramic micro-spheres, each on a dry basis, the ceramic micro-spheres have a particle density of 0.50 to 0.80 g / mL. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler or filler comprises uniformly distributed glass microspheres and / or cenospheres of fly ash having an average diameter of about 10 to 350 microns (microns). The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel is formed from 42 to 68 weight percent of the reactive powders, 5 to 15 weight percent of glass fibers, 23 to 43 weight percent of ceramic spheres and up to 1.0 weight percent glass microspheres, each on a dry basis. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel comprises a core comprising the continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of reactive powders comprising on a dry basis, 35 to 75 weight percent of sulphate of calcium alpha hemihydrate, 20 to 55 weight percent of hydraulic cement, 0.2 to 3.5 weight percent of lime, and 5 to 25 weight percent of an active pozzolan, the continuous phase is uniformly reinforced with glass fibers alkali resistant and containing the lightweight filler or filler comprising uniformly distributed ceramic microspheres, and further comprising at least one outer layer, each outer layer comprises a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of reactive powders which comprise on a dry basis, 35 to 75 weight percent of calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, 20 to 55 weight percent of hydraulic cement, 0.2 to 3.5 weight percent of lime, and at 25 weight percent of an active pozzolan, the continuous phase is uniformly reinforced with glass fibers alkali resistant, and lightweight filler or filler particles having a particle specific gravity of 0.02 to 1.00 and an average particle size of approximately 10 to 500 microns (microns), and at least one outer layer having a density of reduced phase with respect to the nucleus. 24. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer (s) are formed from 42 to 68 weight percent of the reactive powders, 5 to 15 weight percent of the glass fibers, up to 1.0 weight percent of the microspheres of glass having an average diameter of about 10 to 350 microns (microns), and 23 to 43 weight percent of lightweight filler or filler particles comprising ceramic spheres, each on a dry basis. 25. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel has a thickness of about 6.3 to 38.11 mm (1/4 to 1 1/2 in). 26. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layers have a thickness of approximately 0.8 to 3.2 mm (1/32 to 4/32 in). The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexural strength of a panel having a dry density of 1041 kg / m3 (65 Ib / ft3) to 1441.8 kg / m3 (90 lb / ft3) after being impregnated in water for 48 hours, it is at least 7 MPa (1000 psi) as measured by the ASTM C 947 test. 28. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexural strength of a panel having a density in dry from 1041 to 1441.8 kg / m3 (65 lb / ft3 to 90 lb / ft3) after being impregnated in water for 48 hours is at least 11.4 MPa (1650 psi) as measured by the ASTM C 947 test. 29. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic cement is Portland cement. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactive powders comprise 45 to 65 weight percent calcium sulfate hemihydrate, 25 to 40 weight percent hydraulic cement, 0.75 to 1.25 weight percent lime , and 10 to 15 weight percent of an active pozzolan. 31. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that when it is fastened to wall frames, it has a shear strength -permanent deformation between 1.1 and 3.0 times the shear strength of permanent deformation of a similar SCP panel, without reinforcement that It is attached to the same wall frame with the same fasteners. 32. A non-combustible system for construction, characterized in that it comprises a cutting or shearing diaphragm supported on a metal frame, the shear cutting diaphragm comprises a panel for resisting shearing or shearing loads when fastened to frames, comprising: continuous phase panel resulting from curing an aqueous mixture comprising on a dry basis, 35 to 70 weight percent reactive powder, 20 to 50 weight percent filler or light weight filler, and 5 to 20 percent by weight of glass fibers, the continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and it contains the filler or lightweight filler particles, the filler or lightweight filler particles have a particle specific gravity of 0.02 to 1.00 and an average particle size of about 10 to 500 microns (microns); and at least one reinforcing member selected from the group consisting of plate and mesh sheet connected to a first surface of the continuous phase panel, wherein at least one reinforcing member covers 5 to 90 percent of the first surface of the panel of continuous phase, the frame comprises metal frame members, wherein the panel has a thickness of 1.9 cm (3/4 inch) and has a final load of permanent deformation resistance in accordance with permanent deformation (racking) of ASTM E72 of approximately 1816 to 3359.6 kg (4400 to 7400 Ibs) for a 2.4 x 2.4 meter wall mount (8 x 8 feet). 33. The system according to claim 32, characterized in that the final load of resistance to permanent deformation is in the range from approximately 2088.4 to approximately 2724 kg (approximately 4600 to approximately 6000 Ibs) for a wall mounting of 2.4 x 2.4 m (8 x 8 feet). 34. The system according to claim 32, characterized in that it comprises the first panel and the second panel on opposite sides of the frame, respectively.