CN101162221A - Method for determining process of plant root system absorbing soil moisture - Google Patents
Method for determining process of plant root system absorbing soil moisture Download PDFInfo
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- CN101162221A CN101162221A CNA2007100190646A CN200710019064A CN101162221A CN 101162221 A CN101162221 A CN 101162221A CN A2007100190646 A CNA2007100190646 A CN A2007100190646A CN 200710019064 A CN200710019064 A CN 200710019064A CN 101162221 A CN101162221 A CN 101162221A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a process of absorbing soil moisture by a plant root system, which adopts a detachable earth pillar, plants are planted in the earth pillar, a soil moisture measuring tube is arranged in the middle of the earth pillar, and the earth pillar is placed in a field soil pit; the vertical distribution of the plant root system density can be obtained by regularly unloading soil columns to layer take soil and wash roots and scanning the roots, the actual plant transpiration amount is obtained by weighing at regular time, the soil columns are weighed at least 1 time every day, according to relevant theoretical principles and actual accurately measured experimental data, sensitive factors such as transpiration rate, root system density distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the like are integrated, a root system water absorption function of the transpiration amount distributed on a root system layer soil profile according to a certain weight factor is determined according to mass conservation, a root system water absorption rate back-solving method is adopted, the root system water absorption rate profile distribution is obtained through numerical iteration, parameters of an empirical function are determined, and therefore the determination of the root system water absorption process is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pedology research field, relate to a kind of measuring method and device thereof, particularly a kind of root system of plant absorbs the assay method of soil moisture process.
Background technology
Understand root system and absorb the situation of soil moisture with dynamic, for the simulation of carrying out soil moisture and prediction, thereby the scientific and reasonable water resource of utilizing is formulated rational irrigation program, improve water use efficiency of plant and stable yields and the high yield of assurance crop, have very strong practical significance.
Research root system of plant one dimension water absorption course can be the rate of water absorption method by the anti-rooting of water percentage section, also can be by setting up the method for root water uptake function.Cantankerous etc. (2001)
[1]Proposed a kind of new numerical solution iterative manner of passing through, anti-rooting is the rate of water absorption method, and is checked in practice; The root water uptake function can simulate the soil moisture content distribution more exactly reliably.
The deciding the problem of separating and to represent (coordinate axis downwards for just) of vertical one-dimensional soil moisture migration
[2]:
h(z，o)＝h
0(z)，0≤z≤l
r (1)
h(l
r，t)＝h
1(t)，t＞0
In the formula, h is a holard matric potential; C (h) is a moisture capacity; K (h) is a unsaturated hydraulic conductivity; Z, t are respectively space, time coordinate; h
0(z), h
1(t) be respectively known function (or discrete point); E (t), Q (t) are respectively evaporation capacity, rainfall (or pouring water) and infiltrate intensity; L
rBe the vertical total depth of simulated domain; (z t) is root water uptake speed to S.
For S (z, the t) foundation of root water uptake function should consider to influence the series of factors of root water uptake, as soil water potential, soil hydraulic conductivity, solute potential (under the salinity condition), atmospheric evaporation power, root is dark, root density distributes and plant characteristic etc.Quantitative examination root water uptake process is set up the root water uptake function, two kinds of methods is arranged: microcosmic method and macroscopic method.The microcosmic method is studied single water absorption course, needs some difficult soil and plant aspect parameters, the particularly parameter on root surface of measuring
[3-7]Macroscopic method research root water uptake is ignored moisture to single flowing, and regards whole soil-root system system as a non-individual body, introduces a root water uptake rate term (source sink term) that distributes with certain pattern and embodied in soil water movement.Hydrodynamics research root water uptake, cause-effect relationship based on water uptake by plant roots, consume situation according to Root Distribution density and soil moisture, each sensitive factor such as comprehensive transpiration rate, root density distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, according to the mass conservation, determine the root water uptake function of transpiration rate under distributing by certain weight factor on the root zone soil profile, determine the parameter of empirical function
[4,5,8-11]
The root water uptake empirical function that adopts macroscopic method to set up, general main consideration soil water potential and root density influence root water uptake, and the root water uptake empirical function all is based on Feddes et al. (1978) mostly
[11]Model development improvement is come, though this empirical function has been avoided the parameter that is difficult to measure in the microcosmic method suction function, but it then needs calibration for different plants and different atmospheric conditions, therefore need comparatively accurate experimental data (as the soil moisture profile change, root density changes in distribution and plant transpiration quantitative changeization) that it is estimated and improves.
The present invention for the theoretical principle of research root water uptake process is
[11,12]:
S(z，t)＝β(θ
z)L
nrd(z)/L
r?T
p (2)
T in the formula
pBe potential transpiration speed; β (θ
z) be the root water uptake speed water stress weight factor of z for the degree of depth; L
Nrd(z) for the degree of depth be the root density function of z.
The foreign scholar is with Homaee M et al. (2002)
[6,7]For soil-column test is passed through in representative, weighing measurement plant transpiration speed and measure moisture profile with TDR and change, being used for that root water uptake function different in moisture under the greenhouse experiment is coerced weighting function checks, but fail to consider that the research of its root water uptake process has the imperfection part to accurately the obtaining of root density parameter.
Field test research root water uptake process, with domestic Yao Jianwen, Kang Shaozhong, Shao like army's model
[13-15]Be representative, set up the root water uptake empirical model by the method for root water uptake dynamic similation, consider the one dimension unsaturated soil moisture movement equation of root water uptake item, the root water uptake item is distributed by numerical simulation by field actual measurement water percentage, thereby set up the root water uptake empirical model.This model form is simple, and it is convenient to use, do not need to consider root density, the root flow of water etc. difficulty get parms, but, do not have general applicability because of being under specific field test condition, to obtain.Cantankerous (2004)
[16]Field test research root water uptake process has been considered root density, but then can't accurately measure the plant transpiration amount in the field, thereby makes root water uptake speed have bigger uncertainty.Cantankerous (2004)
[16]Adopted soil-column test, adopt tensiometer to measure soil water potential, can better reflect the root water uptake process, but have influence on the accurate mensuration of actual soil water potential under the plant drought condition because of the measurement range of tensiometer is limited, thereby influenced the research of the root water uptake process under the dried condition of soil, and need dismantle the connecting duct of tensiometer when weighing, program is comparatively complicated.Luo Yi (2000)
[17]Utilize large-scale lysimeter to determine the plant transpiration amount, the root density distribution data of neutron moisture teller observation soil moisture and mensuration, root water uptake model in conjunction with forefathers is estimated and is improved, and the result is comparatively desirable, but also fails to reach for the accurate measurement in the same time and place of these variablees.
In sum, the apparatus and method of existing research water uptake by plant roots process, each growing stage plant is difficult to quantitatively accurately measure simultaneously the soil moisture profile change, the variation of root density changes in distribution and plant transpiration amount, thereby accurately anti-summation simulation root water uptake process.The inventive method can reuse the determinator of being set up, and carries out the measurement of water uptake by plant roots.
List of references:
[1] cantankerous, king's number, Chen Yan. anti-rooting is the discussion of rate of water absorption method. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2001,17 (4): 17-21.
[2] Lei Zhidong, Yang Shixiu, Xie Senchuan. holard dynamics. Beijing: publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 1988.
【3】Feddes?R?A?and?Raats?P?A?C.Parameterizing?the?soil-water-plant?rootsystem。
【4】Homaee?M.Root?water?uptake?under?non-uniform?transientsalinity?and?water?stress.Netherlands：Wageningen?AgriculturalUniversity，1999，45-46。
【5】Homaee?M?and?Feddes?R?A.Quantificaton?of?root?water?extractionunder?salinity?and?drought.?Developments?in?plant?and?soil?science.2001，92：367-377。
【6】Homaee?M，Dirksen?C?and?Feddes?R?A.Simulation?of?root?wateruptake?I：Non-uniform?transient?sal?inity?using?different?macroscopicreduction functions.?Agricultural?Water?Management，2002，57：89-109。
【7】Homaee?M，Feddes?R?A?and?Dirksen?C.?Simulation?of?root?wateruptake?II：Non-uniform?transient?water?stress?using?differentreduction?functions.?Agricultural?Water?Management，2002，57：111-126。
【8】Dirksen?C，Kool?J?B，Koorevaar?P，et?al.HYSWASOR：simulationmodel?of?hysteretic?water?and?solute?transport?in?the?root?zone.Berlin：Springer-Verlag，1993：99-122。
【9】Van?Genuchten?M?T?and?Hoffman?G?J. Analysis?of?crop?salttolerance?data.?Berlin：Springer-Verlag，Soil?Salinity?UnderIrrigation，1984，51：258-271。
【10】Van?Genuchten?M?T.A?numerical?model?for?water?and?solutemovement?in?and?below?the?root?zone.USDA-ARS，US?Salinity?Laboratory，Riverside. Research?Report?no.121，1987。
【11】Feddes?R?A，Kowalik?P?J?and?Zaradny?H.?Simulation?of?fieldwater?use?and?crop?yield.?Pudoc，Wageningen.?Simulation?Monographs，1978。
【12】Prasad?R.A?linear?root?water?uptake?model.Journal?ofHydrology，1988，99：297-306。
[13] Yao Jianwen. the mathematical model of soil moisture content prediction under the plant growth condition. water conservancy journal, 1989 (9): 32-38.
[14] Kang Shaozhong, Liu Xiaoming, Xiong Yunzhang. the model study of winter wheat root water uptake. Northwest Agricultural University's journal, 1992,20 (2): 5-12.
[15] Shao Aijun, Lee Hoi-Chang. the foundation of crop root suction model under the field condition. water conservancy journal, 1997 (2): 68-72.
[16] cantankerous, Meng Lei, Wang Dong. use the long Density Distribution of the relative root of actual measurement water percentage section estimation winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2004,20 (4): 1-6.
[17] Luo Yi, in by force, Ou Yangzhu etc. utilize of evaluation and the improvement of accurate field experiment data to several root water uptake models commonly used. water conservancy journal, 2000, (4): 73-80.
Summary of the invention
Even, the objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of root system of plant to absorb the assay method of soil moisture process at existing defective or deficiency therefrom.
The technical solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is:
A kind of root system of plant absorbs the assay method of soil moisture process, it is characterized in that this method adopts dismountable earth pillar, plants in the earth pillar and is implanted with plant, lays the soil moisture measurement pipe in the middle of earth pillar, and earth pillar is positioned in the heatable adobe sleeping platform of field; The mensuration that root system of plant absorbs the soil moisture process comprises the following steps:
According to the plant growth phase,, obtain plant transpiration speed regularly to the earth pillar weighing;
Regularly take earth pillar apart, the layering earth that fetches earth, with obtain the root system of plant Density Distribution, root surface area distributes and the root classification parameter; And obtain soil water potential, soil water content, each sensitive factor of soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity;
To the above-mentioned plant transpiration speed that obtains, root system of plant Density Distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, each sensitive factor of soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, according to the mass conservation, determine the water uptake by plant roots function of transpiration rate under distributing by certain weight factor on the root zone soil profile, adopt water uptake by plant roots speed reverse method, the numerical value iteration is tried to achieve water uptake by plant roots speed section and is distributed, determine the parameter of empirical function, thereby reach the mensuration of water uptake by plant roots process.
Adopt method of the present invention, can estimate and improve the water uptake by plant roots model, and then be applied to the dynamic similation that the soil one dimension moisture movement under the plant growing condition is carried out in the field, actual definite plant water consumption and formulation field irrigation system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operational flowchart of this method;
Fig. 2 is a test earth pillar structural drawing;
Fig. 3 is a steel card synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the pilot system composition diagram;
Fig. 5 is the soil moisture sectional view;
Fig. 6 is the long distribution plan of root in the soil.
Among the above-mentioned figure, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are that the root water uptake process of the inventive method is measured synoptic diagram.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Root system of plant of the present invention absorbs the assay method of soil moisture process, need be with lower device:
-weighing device is used to realize weighing earth pillar weight, adopts the high precision industrial electronic to hang title;
-vertical earth pillar is made by the PVC pipe, and earth pillar is high 1 meter～and 4 meters, internal diameter 295mm axially cuts open from the centre along the PVC pipe.Splendid attire soil is also planted plant, regularly cuts behind the earth pillar layering earth that fetches earth open, to obtain root system;
-soil moisture section analyzer is installed TDR determining soil moisture pipe in the middle of earth pillar, the change of soil water content in the earth pillar is measured in the section determination of moisture instrument Trime-TDR layering that utilizes Germany to produce;
-root system scanning system mainly is made up of scanner and organic glass tank; With cut open root system washing that earth pillar obtains clean after, tiling is immersed in the tank, image is obtained in scanning, it is long to utilize the root system analysis image software of specialty to draw total root, parameters such as root surface area and root classification.
The concrete operations flow process specifically comprises following content referring to shown in Figure 1:
1, earth pillar is made:
Earth pillar is made referring to Fig. 2, and earth pillar is a dismountable earth pillar, comprises pipe 4, and the material of pipe 4 adopts PVC, and length is 1m～4m, internal diameter 295mm, wall thickness 10mm.Can determine length and diameter according to the different root system of plant degree of depth.Method for making is as follows:
Be two halves along axially half-and-half cutting open of pipe 4, the pipe after cutting open fixes with circular steel card 6 (Fig. 3), and then glues the slit to waterproof with glass cement, adopts the iron pan fastening of leaking eye along the end of pipe 4.The fixedly object 8 of wire rope is all arranged on iron pan and circular steel card 7, be beneficial to earth pillar sling from heatable adobe sleeping platform and weigh.
After earth pillar makes, pack in earth pillar bottom stone 5 about a layer thickness 10cm, the particle diameter of stone 5 is about 1cm, in the middle of earth pillar, insert TDR moisture measurement pipe 2 then, around TDR moisture measurement pipe 2, load the air-dry soil 3 that sieves according to certain unit dry weight, until the mouth of pipe 5cm place that is loaded into pipe 4.If when adopting layering to load soil, pour every layer of soil into earth pillar after, tool using to certain density, and at surperficial hacking, and then loads one deck soil with soil compaction.
In earth pillar, before the plantation plant, pour water to earth pillar, make the moisture in the earth pillar reach distribution equilibrium state again according to field capacity, around TDR moisture measurement pipe 2, evenly plant plant then, after waiting to emerge, cover the thick vermiculite 1 of one deck 3cm, to suppress the water evaporates of soil at soil surface.
2. design of basement:
In order to keep the field environmental baseline of soil in the earth pillar as far as possible, adopt basement to place earth pillar, the height of basement is determined according to the earth pillar height, and is concordant with ground to guarantee the soil surface on the earth pillar.
Basement adopts brick wall 7 to assemble, the compartment of a plurality of 50cm * 50cm that distribute in the basement, and the basement bottom requires level smooth, is beneficial to steadily lay earth pillar, as shown in Figure 4.
On basement two brick-on-edge walls 7, build cement tub track 8, crossbeam 9 is arranged on the track 8, crossbeam 9 moves on track 8, the pulley that can move around is arranged on the crossbeam 9, be placed with the high precision industrial electronic steelyard 10 of weighing on the pulley, can be so that industrial electronic steelyard 10 move on crossbeam 9, thus help taking by weighing the weight of the earth pillar of placing on the diverse location.
3. root system of plant obtains and the mensuration process
1) according to the plant growth phase, regularly take the earth pillar of some apart, carry out the monitoring of plant root growth process.Concrete grammar is:
After adopting pulley that earth pillar is sling from basement, lie against ground.Owing to earth pillar is a bonding again PVC pipe after employing is cut open, therefore can adopt thin and sharp pocket knife to scratch along PVC pipe seam abutting edge, beat gently with hand hammer again, can dismantle earth pillar.Then every 5cm～10cm transverse cuts soil, the every layer of earth that fetches earth is crossed dusting cover and water flushing, choose root system, number and pack into and contain in 75% the alcohol polybag in order to analyzing.Earth pillar after taking apart can be bonding once more, in order to using next time.
2) utilize the root system of plant of root system analytic system earth pillar that analysis is taken apart to distribute:
The root system of plant that every layer of soil is chosen is tiled in the organic glass tank, adopt the scanner scanning image, the root system of plant image then adopts existing professional root system analysis software to analyze, thereby the long Density Distribution of the root that obtains different each layer of growth phase plant edaphophyte, indexs such as root surface area distribution and root classification parameter.
4. the earth pillar experiment parameter is definite:
(1) adopt soil nmoisture content analyser TDR to measure the soil moisture section of earth pillar, concrete operation method is:
1) correction of soil nmoisture content analyser TDR:
When dismantling earth pillar and obtain root system, to every layer of soil by weight method gravimetry water cut, and with dismantle before the TDR data measured of TDR moisture measurement pipe 2 in the earth pillar set up calibration curve.
2) flow of water of soil is measured by water characteristic curve and is obtained by the moisture conversion:
The water characteristic curve assay method is more, but considers hysteresis quality, and characteristic curve of soil moisture should adopt the dehumidification curve, and the parameter in the water characteristic curve is tried to achieve in employing Van Genuchten (1980) functional form match.
(2) adopt known core cutter method to measure the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil in the earth pillar.
(3) according to Van Genuchten (1980) water characteristic curve parameter and the saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil numerical value measured previously, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity formula of substitution Mualem-Van Genuchten is tried to achieve the soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.
(4) to the earth pillar acquisition of weighing, each earth pillar is wanted weighing 1 time every day to actual plant transpiration amount at least by above-mentioned high precision industrial electronic steelyard.
(5) the root density vertical distribution can be by regularly dismantling earth pillar, and layering is fetched earth and washed root, scanning root and obtain.
To the above-mentioned plant transpiration speed that obtains, root system of plant Density Distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, each sensitive factor of soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, according to the mass conservation, determine the water uptake by plant roots function of transpiration rate under distributing by certain weight factor on the root zone soil profile, adopt water uptake by plant roots speed reverse method, the numerical value iteration is tried to achieve water uptake by plant roots speed section and is distributed, determine the parameter of empirical function, thereby reach the mensuration of water uptake by plant roots process.
Method of the present invention possesses following function:
(1) can layering measure the distribution situation of root system of plant in soil.
(2) can layering measure the variation of root region soil moisture profile.
(3) can measure plant transpiration speed.
(4), set up the root water uptake function or utilize the counter root water uptake speed of obtaining the different growth phases of plant of soil moisture dynamic data according to the related variable of measuring.
5. test findings example:
The applicant adopts method of the present invention, and the distribution results of utilizing the section moisture teller to measure the soil profile moisture is seen Fig. 5, and the root system of plant section that utilizes this method to obtain distributes and sees Fig. 6.Satisfied designing requirement.
Claims (4)
1. the assay method of a root system of plant absorption soil moisture process is characterized in that this method adopts dismountable earth pillar, plants in the earth pillar and is implanted with plant, lays the soil moisture measurement pipe in the middle of earth pillar, and earth pillar is positioned in the heatable adobe sleeping platform of field; The mensuration that root system of plant absorbs the soil moisture process comprises the following steps:
According to the plant growth phase,, obtain plant transpiration speed regularly to the earth pillar weighing;
Regularly take earth pillar apart, the layering earth that fetches earth, with obtain the root system of plant Density Distribution, root surface area distributes and the root classification parameter; And obtain soil water potential, soil water content, each sensitive factor of soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity;
To the above-mentioned plant transpiration speed that obtains, root system of plant Density Distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, each sensitive factor of soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, according to the mass conservation, determine the water uptake by plant roots function of transpiration rate under distributing by certain weight factor on the root zone soil profile, adopt water uptake by plant roots speed reverse method, the numerical value iteration is tried to achieve water uptake by plant roots speed section and is distributed, determine the parameter of empirical function, thereby reach the mensuration of water uptake by plant roots process.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described dismountable earth pillar comprises the PVC pipe, and the length of pipe is 1m～4m, internal diameter 295mm; Method for making is as follows:
Be two halves along axially half-and-half cutting open of PVC pipe, pipe after cutting open fixes with circular steel and reserves, and then glue the slit to waterproof with glass cement, the iron pan fastening of leaking eye is adopted at the end of pipe, the fixedly object of wire rope is all arranged on iron pan and circular steel card, be beneficial to earth pillar hung out from heatable adobe sleeping platform and weigh.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, plants before the plant in the described earth pillar, pours water to earth pillar according to field capacity, makes the moisture in the earth pillar reach distribution equilibrium state again.Around the moisture measurement pipe, evenly plant plant then, after waiting to emerge, cover the thick vermiculite of one deck 3cm, to suppress the water evaporates of soil at soil surface.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described timing is to earth pillar weighing weighing every day 1 time at least.
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| CN102763573A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-07 | 华南农业大学 | Plant root system in-situ dynamic observation device, system and method under soil culture conditions |
| CN103141320A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Automatic plant root system monitoring system |
| CN103245585A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-08-14 | 湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司 | Organic fertilizer decomposition absorption testing method and device |
| CN103308665A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-18 | 北京市园林科学研究所 | Method and device for analyzing water transportation of plants and soil of urban green lands |
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