CN101155622B - 带有防火设备的蒸馏塔 - Google Patents

带有防火设备的蒸馏塔 Download PDF

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CN101155622B
CN101155622B CN2006800115992A CN200680011599A CN101155622B CN 101155622 B CN101155622 B CN 101155622B CN 2006800115992 A CN2006800115992 A CN 2006800115992A CN 200680011599 A CN200680011599 A CN 200680011599A CN 101155622 B CN101155622 B CN 101155622B
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destilling tower
block piece
condenser
reboiler
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J-M·伯恩哈特
E·法诺
P·格里格莱托
M·瓦格纳
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种蒸馏塔(1)，包括：用于向塔中输送至少一种待蒸馏的混合物的装置(21)；用于从塔中抽取至少一种富含混合物的一种组分的流体的装置(23)；在塔的内部，包括冷凝器-蒸发器(3)和用于向该冷凝器-蒸发器输送待冷凝的气体和待蒸发的液体的装置(25)，以及用于抽取冷凝的气体和蒸发的液体的装置；至少一个位于冷凝器-蒸发器上方的填料模块(5)，以及至少一个位于冷凝器-蒸发器和填料模块之间的防火阻挡件(7A，7B，7C)。

Description

带有防火设备的蒸馏塔
技术领域
本发明涉及带有防火设备的蒸馏塔，尤其涉及具有此种设备的空气蒸馏塔。
背景技术
在Ender等人于2003年9月发表在Chemical Engineering Program(CEP)上的文章“Minimize the Risk of Fire During ColumnMaintenance”中指出，蒸馏塔中的大部分火灾是由于规整填料(有一定结构的填料，garnissages structurés)尤其是铝制规整填料的使用引起的。
在空气分离单元的塔中，碳氢化合物的局部堆积引起带波纹的铝的局部燃烧，从而使塔中的铝蒸发器产生热点。
位于蒸发器上方的铝制填料可能会被引燃，这被认为是严重的状况。
为减小蒸发器中的火灾蔓延至填料的危险性，在实践中通常在蒸发器和填料之间使用双绝热壁，在塔的外部加以昂贵的连接管道。或者，塔可在蒸发器的正上方容纳有铜填料模块，这也是一种昂贵的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种蒸馏塔，该蒸馏塔包括：
i)用于将至少一种待蒸馏的混合物送入蒸馏塔中的装置；
ii)用于从蒸馏塔中抽取至少一种富含混合物的组分的流体的装置；
iii)在蒸馏塔的内部，包括冷凝器-蒸发器和用于向该冷凝器-蒸发器输送待冷凝的气体和待蒸发的液体的装置，以及用于抽取冷凝的气体和蒸发的液体的装置；以及
iv)至少一个位于冷凝器-蒸发器上方的填料模块；
其特征在于，该蒸馏塔包括至少一个置于冷凝器-蒸发器和填料模块之间的防火阻挡件，以及用于使流体在蒸馏塔中的填料模块和冷凝器-蒸发器之间流动的装置。
根据本发明的其它方面，该蒸馏塔包括：
-阻隔蒸馏塔横截面的第一部分的第一阻挡件和阻隔蒸馏塔横截面的第二部分的第二阻挡件，所述第一部分等于该横截面的至少一半，所述第二部分等于该横截面的至少一半并至多部分地覆盖该蒸馏塔横截面的第一部分，该第一阻挡件和第二阻挡件位于冷凝器-蒸发器和该冷凝器-蒸发器上方的第一填料模块之间，第一阻挡件在第二阻挡件的下方；
-该横截面的第一部分覆盖该横截面的第二部分的10-90％；
-第一阻挡件是与蒸馏塔同轴并阻隔所述横截面的第一部分的圆盘，所述圆盘的半径等于蒸馏塔在蒸发器处的半径的50％-100％；
-第二阻挡件是环形阻挡件，其外部半径基本上等于蒸馏塔在蒸发器处的半径，内部半径大于蒸馏塔在蒸发器处的半径的20％；
-所述阻挡件至少部分地由铜或铜合金制成；
-至少一个阻挡件、优选为最低的并由此最靠近蒸发器的阻挡件填充有陶瓷、石英或玻璃珠粒；
-至少一个阻挡件是圆形的，并且/或者至少一个阻挡件是环形的；以及
-至少一个阻挡件定中心于蒸馏塔的垂直轴线上。
本发明还包括具有至少一个如上所述的蒸馏塔的空气蒸馏单元。
所述填料优选由交叉波纹类型的铝或铜制成，填料边缘经过或不经过修正以减小对气流的阻力。
附图说明
下面将结合附图对本发明进行更详细的说明，在附图中：
图1示出结合有根据本发明的防火设备的蒸馏塔；
图2详细示出根据本发明的阻挡件中的一个；
图3示出液体下降管；以及
图4示出根据本发明的另一种塔。
具体实施方式
空气分离双塔的低压塔1具有由来自中压塔的氮25加热的贮槽再沸器(sump reboiler)3。该再沸器用于使塔的贮槽液体蒸发，该液体为富氧液体。该再沸器3可以是任何已知的类型，但通常优选为浴式蒸发器类型的再沸器。向塔中供给回流(包括富液21的流)，并可选地供给气态空气流。经由至少一个规整填料模块在塔内进行物质和热量交换。这些填料优选由铝制成并且为交叉波纹类型，但是，它们可以是适于进行空气分离的任何类型，例如由铜制成。最低的模块5位于富液21的进口的上方。
含氧80-99.9mol％的富氧液体流23作为塔底液被抽出。
在贮槽再沸器3和最低的填料模块5之间设有防火设备，该防火设备由三个互相叠置的阻挡件组成。
低压塔1的直径通常为4.5米。
最靠近再沸器3的阻挡件为阻挡件7A，其为支承具有多层陶瓷珠粒的床层的格栅，所述陶瓷珠粒的优点在于完全惰性(既非燃料也非氧化剂)，并且在蒸发器火焰穿透格栅时依靠重力朝向火焰流动。这些陶瓷珠粒的尺寸将不会造成交换器通道被阻塞的危险(例如为12.7mm)。
位于阻挡件7A上方的是用于使液态氧还原(récupérer)的阻挡件7B。阻挡件7B由一环形金属板构成，其外径大致等于塔的直径，内径通常为1.5m。阻挡件7B的材料可以是铜或镍或其合金(铜镍合金或
Figure GSB00000122977300031
)，但也可以是覆有陶瓷或上述金属的不锈钢。阻挡件7B通过焊接固定在塔1的壳体上。阻挡件7B在其内边缘处包括一翻转部27以防止液体流至阻挡件7A上。有8个径向加强角撑板15从翻转边缘27延伸至塔1的壳体。这些角撑板15使得阻挡件7B更加牢固，并使阻挡件7B与阻挡件7A和阻挡件7C相连，从而使阻挡件7A和阻挡件7C保持在适当的位置。围绕阻挡件7B的周界形成有8个开孔13。通过阻挡件7B的中心落下的液体流向该阻挡件的外侧，并被导入开孔13。用陶瓷珠粒填充阻挡件7B以减少存在于阻挡件7B上的液态氧的质量。可选地，阻挡件7B可以是圆锥形的，从而可省略翻转部27。
阻挡件7C具有与阻挡件7A相同的形状、相同的尺寸和相同的材料，但是，在阻挡件7C的中央处一直径通常为2.5m的金属板防止液体滴落到阻挡件7A上。阻挡件7C是最后的阻挡件，陶瓷珠粒层的数量可少于阻挡件7A中的陶瓷珠粒层的数量。
应当理解，本发明适用于任何使用贮槽再沸器且在该再沸器的上方具有至少一个规整填料模块的蒸馏塔。本发明特别适用于其中贮槽中容纳有液态氧化剂的塔。
由于已经知道只有当燃烧产物的温度高于1500℃时才能发生火灾蔓延，因此，阻挡件的数量优选限制为3个。
在图2中，用虚线示出位于阻挡件7B下方的阻挡件7A和位于阻挡件7B上方的阻挡件7C的外边缘。该自由环形空间使得可进一步减小工作压降。
图3所示的液体下降管19使下落到阻挡件7B上的液体流过开孔3。该下降管19引导液体进入液体浴25。该下降管具有在三个不同部位弯曲90°角的弯曲形状，因此液体沿水平方向离开(该下降管)。按照这种方式，阻止了火灾经由液体下降管的蔓延。
所述阻挡件可由铜或镍或其合金(铜镍合金或)制成，以确保安全性最大。另一种方案可以是用铜合金或陶瓷涂覆奥氏体钢支承件。
图4示出根据本发明的另一种塔。在该示例中，防火设备由单个阻挡件组成，该单个阻挡件具有塔的直径，由通过格栅保持在适当位置的陶瓷珠粒形成。也可使用玻璃珠粒或石英珠粒。由于这些材料具有很高的熔点(陶瓷珠粒的熔点高于2000℃)，因此，如果(材料)层的数量较多时将形成防止火灾蔓延的屏蔽装置。
形成厚度为几厘米的屏蔽装置的珠粒容许通过塔流动的液体和气体穿过，但这些珠粒保持惰性。在开始过度加热的情况下，格栅熔化，从而释放珠粒，珠粒落入火中。这些珠粒的尺寸将不会造成交换器通道被阻塞的危险(例如为12.7mm)。
可在陶瓷珠粒阻挡件和填料模块之间设置其它系统——例如布置在两个不同高度上的倒瓦形扇面，以在容许气体通过的同时收集液态氧。

Claims (11)

1.一种蒸馏塔，包括：
i)用于向蒸馏塔中输送至少一种待蒸馏的混合物的装置(21)；
ii)用于从蒸馏塔中抽取至少一种富含混合物的组分的流体的装置(23)；
iii)在蒸馏塔的内部，包括冷凝器-蒸发器(3)、用于向该冷凝器-蒸发器输送待冷凝的气体和待蒸发的液体的装置(25)以及用于抽取冷凝的气体和蒸发的液体的装置；以及
iv)至少一个位于该冷凝器-蒸发器上方的填料模块(5)，该蒸馏塔的特征在于，该蒸馏塔包括至少一个置于冷凝器-蒸发器和填料模块之间的防火阻挡件(7，7A，7B，7C)，以及用于使流体在蒸馏塔中的填料模块和冷凝器-蒸发器之间流动的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，该蒸馏塔包括阻隔蒸馏塔横截面的第一部分的第一阻挡件(7A)和阻隔蒸馏塔横截面的第二部分的第二阻挡件(7B)，所述第一部分等于该横截面的至少一半，所述第二部分等于该横截面的至少一半并至多部分地覆盖该蒸馏塔横截面的第一部分，该第一阻挡件和第二阻挡件位于冷凝器-蒸发器(3)和该冷凝器-蒸发器上方的第一填料模块(5)之间，第一阻挡件在第二阻挡件的下方。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，所述横截面的第一部分覆盖该横截面的第二部分的10-90％。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，所述第一阻挡件(7A)是与蒸馏塔同轴并阻隔所述横截面的第一部分的圆盘，该圆盘的半径等于蒸馏塔在蒸发器处的半径的50％-100％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，所述第二阻挡件(7B)是环形阻挡件，其外部半径基本上等于蒸馏塔在蒸发器(3)处的半径，内部半径基本上大于蒸馏塔在该蒸发器处的半径的20％。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，所述阻挡件(7，7A，7B，7C)至少部分地由铜或铜合金制成。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，至少一个阻挡件填充有陶瓷、石英或玻璃珠粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，最低的并由此最靠近蒸发器的阻挡件(7，7A)填充有陶瓷、石英或玻璃珠粒。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，至少一个阻挡件(7，7A，7C)是圆形的，并且/或者至少一个阻挡件是环形的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的蒸馏塔，其特征在于，至少一个阻挡件(7，7A，7B，7C)定中心于蒸馏塔的垂直轴线上。
11.包含至少一个根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的蒸馏塔(1)的空气蒸馏单元。
CN2006800115992A 2005-04-13 2006-03-29 带有防火设备的蒸馏塔 Expired - Fee Related CN101155622B (zh)

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FR0550942A FR2884436B1 (fr) 2005-04-13 2005-04-13 Colonne de distillation a dispositif pare-feu
PCT/FR2006/050270 WO2006108979A1 (fr) 2005-04-13 2006-03-29 Colonne de distillation a dispositif pare-feu

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WO2006108979A1 (fr) 2006-10-19
EP1874421B1 (fr) 2008-08-27
US20110139598A1 (en) 2011-06-16
ATE406201T1 (de) 2008-09-15
JP2008536086A (ja) 2008-09-04
EP1874421A1 (fr) 2008-01-09

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