CN101154800B - Device for detecting trouble electric arc - Google Patents
Device for detecting trouble electric arc Download PDFInfo
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- CN101154800B CN101154800B CN2007100714374A CN200710071437A CN101154800B CN 101154800 B CN101154800 B CN 101154800B CN 2007100714374 A CN2007100714374 A CN 2007100714374A CN 200710071437 A CN200710071437 A CN 200710071437A CN 101154800 B CN101154800 B CN 101154800B
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Abstract
The invention relates to detection of fault arc, wherein, fault arc cycle is recognized through at least two wave characters by gathering current waveform of each cycle; the fault arc is verified through judging whether a plurality of continuous fault arc cycles exist; if the waveform not only meets the condition that the amplitude is smaller than that of normal current or phenomenon of flat shoulder exists on a zero crossing point but also meets the condition that the waveform of positive and negative half cycles is asymmetric or di/dt is overlarge at a certain moment, then the cycle is estimated as a fault arc cycle; if a plurality of cycles continuously are estimated as fault arc cycle, then the fault arc is verified. Compared with the prior art, the technical proposal of the invention has the advantages that the fault arc can be detected during the process of normal power supply; the power can be automatically cut off within very short period, and simultaneously the fault arc current and the starting impulse current can be distinguished; the spurious trip rate is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric circuit protection equipment field, particularly relate to a kind of protective device that is used for distribution terminal system detection failure electric arc.
Background technology
Premises electric wiring and equipment, as: the electric wire of electric wiring, socket, household electrical appliance inside or the power line of electrical equipment etc., because long running overload, perhaps there is bad situation such as be electrically connected, make the insulating barrier of electric wire occur aging, insulation effect reduces, and perhaps breakage takes place insulating barrier, and electric arc all may break down.The arc spark circuit that ignites can cause the generation of fire.Circuit protection device fuse now commonly used and ground-fault interrupter be detection failure electric arc and form open circuit protection effectively.AFCI (ArcFault Circuit Interrupter) technology is a up-to-date circuit protection technology; the fault electric arc protection can be provided; it mainly acts on is for timely branch deenergizing when breaking down electric arc, avoids load to damage, and reduces the possibility of fire.
At present; the expert has proposed some feasible AFCI detection method and protective circuits both at home and abroad; but the equipment at the 50Hz alternating current circuit is less, and simultaneously the malfunction rate of equipment is higher, be mainly reflected in can't be effectively the impulse current during with startup separates with the fault electric arc electric current.
Typical home stating with load current waveform as shown in Figure 5, the waveform of starting current is precipitous, and the normal current waveform stabilization; Typical home is loaded the fault electric arc current waveform as shown in Figure 6, and there are features such as amplitude reduction, asymmetric, the flat shoulder of positive-negative half-cycle and waveform are precipitous in the fault electric arc current waveform.Present most of AFCI detection method and protective circuit all are by judging the derivative (di/dt of current waveform; be the precipitous degree of waveform) whether whether discern the fault electric arc electric current above threshold values above threshold values and accumulation electric arc cycle; but; all there are the precipitous feature of waveform in starting current and fault electric arc electric current; so; difficult starting current and the fault electric arc electric current differentiated of this kind AFCI detection method and protective circuit is easy to generate identification error and misoperation.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fault electric arc protective device, can the effective recognition fault electric arc, can reduce the malfunction rate of equipment by compound differentiation logic.
To achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The fault electric arc protective device, comprise power circuit, current transformer, voltage follower circuit, the signal condition amplifying circuit, the A/D sample circuit, microprocessor, dropout drive circuit and trip assembley therefor, described current transformer two ends are parallel with signal load resistance, the current transformer output is connected with voltage follower circuit in turn, the signal condition amplifying circuit, the A/D sample circuit, microprocessor and dropout drive circuit and control trip assembley therefor thereof, wherein, the voltage signal that current transformer produces is passed to the conditioning amplifying circuit by voltage follower circuit and is converted to the direct current signal that is suitable for the A/D sampling, the A/D sample circuit is sampled to this direct current signal, and microprocessor carries out the arc characteristic differentiation and produce trip signal giving dropout drive circuit and control trip assembley therefor thereof to the signal of A/D sampling; Described microprocessor adopts following steps that fault electric arc is detected:
(1) gathers alternating current is formed this cycle with the current signal value on several phase places in the identical time interval in one-period current waveform data acquisition system by current transformer;
(2) several cycles of interval or fixed interval time, the current waveform data acquisition system of choosing one-period upgrades reference parameter: the peak I that calculates normal moment electric current as normal reference data set constantly
MaxrefAnd I
Minref, electric current intermediate value I
MidrefAnd the maximum Δ I that is somebody's turn to do adjacent data difference in the set
Maxref
(3) according to the current waveform data of the current period of gathering: the peak I that calculates electric current in the set
MaxAnd I
MinCalculate the maximum Δ I of adjacent data difference in the set
MaxCalculate in the set and satisfy | I-I
Midref|＜η
1The number N of data, wherein, η
1Be given threshold values;
(4) if the fault electric arc cycle that is designated as first that current period meets the following conditions:
I, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, and N＞η
3
II, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, and Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
III, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, and N＞η
3
IV, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, and Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
Wherein, η
2, η
3, η
4, η
5Be given threshold values;
(5) be designated as the fault electric arc cycle as if a continuous N cycle, and M＞η
6, then being designated as fault electric arc, microprocessor output trip signal is given the dropout drive circuit, and dropout drive circuit control trip assembley therefor cuts off power supply; Wherein, η
6Be given threshold values.
Gather the current waveform in each cycle, come the recognition and verification fault electric arc cycle, by judging whether to exist a plurality of continuous fault electric arc cycles to confirm fault electric arc by at least two wave characters; If, its waveform is satisfying amplitude less than the amplitude of normal current or have at the zero crossing place under the condition of flat shoulder phenomenon, it is asymmetric or di/dt is at a time excessive also to satisfy the positive-negative half-cycle waveform, judge that then this cycle is the fault electric arc cycle, if continuous a plurality of cycle is the fault electric arc cycle then judges and have fault electric arc.
Above-mentioned voltage follower circuit is made up of first resistance, second resistance and first amplifier, and the in-phase input end of first amplifier connects first resistance, and first resistance connects signal load resistance, connects second resistance between the inverting input of first amplifier and the output.
Above-mentioned signal condition amplifying circuit is made up of rheostat, the 3rd resistance and second amplifier, the in-phase input end of second amplifier connects the output of voltage follower circuit, the inverting input of second amplifier connects the 3rd resistance, connect rheostat between the inverting input of second amplifier and the output, the second amplifier output connects the pull-up circuit of being made up of the 4th resistance and the 5th resistance, and the end that picks out of pull-up circuit connects the A/D sample circuit.
Above-mentioned microprocessor can be for carrying the microprocessor of A/D sample circuit.
Above-mentioned dropout drive circuit is made up of the 6th resistance and the optocoupler that are in series.
Above-mentioned trip assembley therefor is for connecting the release of optocoupler.
The present invention is owing to adopted above technical scheme, by current transformer current signal is gathered, through the signal condition amplifying circuit, send into the A/D conversion chip, microprocessor is analyzed current waveform, characteristic such as whether have by analyzing electric current that amplitude is less, asymmetric, the flat shoulder phenomenon of positive-negative half-cycle waveform and di/dt are excessive, electric arc judges whether to break down; Trip assembley therefor can move detecting under the situation of fault electric arc, cuts off the electricity supply, and reaches the protection to load, avoids the generation of fire.The advantage of the relative prior art of the present invention is, can be when normal power supply detection failure electric arc, in the extremely short time, cut off the electricity supply automatically, the impulse current of fault electric arc electric current when starting can be told simultaneously, reduce the malfunction rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of microprocessor in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that electric arc is differentiated subprogram among Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a typical home stating with load current waveform figure.
Fig. 6 is a typical home load fault electric arc current waveform figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is made a detailed explanation.
Fault arc detection method comprises the steps:
(1) gathers alternating current is formed this cycle with the current signal value on several phase places in the identical time interval in one-period current waveform data acquisition system;
(2) several cycles of interval or fixed interval time, the current waveform data acquisition system of choosing one-period upgrades reference parameter: the peak I that calculates normal moment electric current as normal reference data set constantly
MaxrefAnd I
Minref, electric current intermediate value I
MidrefAnd the maximum Δ I that is somebody's turn to do adjacent data difference in the set
Maxref
(3) the current waveform data of collection current period: the peak I that calculates electric current in the set
MaxAnd I
MinCalculate the maximum Δ I of adjacent data difference in the set
MaxCalculate in the set and satisfy | I-I
Midref|＜η
1The number N of data, wherein, η
1Be given threshold values;
(4) if the fault electric arc cycle that is designated as first that current period meets the following conditions:
I, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, and N＞η
3
II, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, and Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
III, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, and N＞η
3
IV, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, and Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
Wherein, η
2, η
3, η
4, η
5Be given threshold values.
(5) be designated as the fault electric arc cycle as if a continuous N cycle, and M＞η
6, then be designated as fault electric arc, wherein, η
6Be given threshold values.
The basic principle of arc method for measuring of the present invention is four principal characters that exist with the fault electric arc electric current
(as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6) is criterion, carries out compound logic and judges, is expressed as with program language:
Criterion 1: amplitude is less than the amplitude of normal current, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2
Criterion 2: the waveform positive-negative half-cycle is asymmetric, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5
Criterion 3: waveform has flat shoulder phenomenon at the zero crossing place, satisfies | I-I
Midref|＜η
1Data number N＞η
3
Criterion 4: the precipitous di/dt of waveform carves excessive at a time, Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
Annotate: η
1-η
5Be the given threshold value in the corresponding criterion, occurrence can further be optimized by test.
If current waveform is (generic failure arc current waveform alternatively appearance) under the situation that satisfies criterion 1 or criterion 3, detect and satisfy criterion 2 or criterion 4 (generic failure arc current waveform alternatively appearance), just think that the electric current in this cycle is the fault electric arc electric current, if in the short time, the cycle of fault electric arc is accumulated to certain number of times, just think fault electric arc has taken place, need send the instruction of threading off.
Below present embodiment is elaborated:
As Fig. 1; shown in Figure 2; the fault electric arc protective device that adopts above-mentioned arc method for measuring that fault electric arc is detected; comprise power circuit 7; current transformer TR1; current transformer TR1 two ends are parallel with signal load resistance R 11; current transformer TR1 one end is connected with voltage follower circuit 4 in turn; signal condition amplifying circuit 6; A/D sample circuit 5; microprocessor 2 and dropout drive circuit 1 and control trip assembley therefor 3 thereof; wherein; the voltage signal that current transformer TR1 produces is passed to conditioning amplifying circuit 6 by voltage follower circuit 4 and is converted to the direct current signal that is suitable for the A/D sampling; 5 pairs of these direct current signals of A/D sample circuit are sampled, and the signal of 2 pairs of A/D samplings of microprocessor carries out the arc characteristic differentiation and produce trip signal giving dropout drive circuit 1 and control trip assembley therefor 3 thereof.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned current transformer TR1 is serially connected on the live wire or zero line of AC power, and current transformer TR1 two ends cross-over connection signal load resistance R 11 transfers current signal to voltage signal; Above-mentioned voltage follower circuit 4 is made up of resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and amplifier U5A, the in-phase input end connecting resistance R2 of amplifier U5A, resistance R 2 connects signal load resistance R 11, and connecting resistance R3 between the inverting input of amplifier U5A and the output is passed to signal condition amplifying circuit 6 with the voltage signal isolation; Above-mentioned signal condition amplifying circuit 6 is made up of rheostat VR2, resistance R 12 and amplifier U5B, the in-phase input end of amplifier U5B connects the output of voltage follower circuit 4, the inverting input connecting resistance R12 of amplifier U5B, meet rheostat VR2 between the inverting input of amplifier U5B and the output, constitute in-phase amplifier thus, R12 is an input resistance, and VR2 is a feedback resistance, its multiplication factor A=1+VR2/R12; Amplifier U5B output connects the pull-up circuit of being made up of resistance R 4 and resistance R 10, and the end that picks out of pull-up circuit connects A/D sample circuit 5, and the output of nursing one's health amplifying circuit 6 is converted to direct current signal between 0～5V; A/D sample circuit 5 can independently separate with microprocessor 2, also can select the microprocessor that carries the A/D sample circuit for use.
Among Fig. 1, amplifier U5A and U5B adopt first and second passages of amplifier chip, carry out transfer of data by data/address bus P0.0-P0.7 between microprocessor U1 and A/D chip U2, every a regular time T, microprocessor U1 enters regularly and interrupts, U2 obtains current signal amplitude from the A/D chip, and the address wire of U1 produces control signal by control chip X2A and X2B (X2A and X2B are that model is two passages of the control chip of SN74HC02N), and A/D chip U2 is carried out synchronously, reads and writes control.
As shown in Figure 3, the workflow of microprocessor is as follows:
1, electrification reset;
2, program initialization, all mark positions are 0, all I/O mouth zero clearings;
3, set regular time parameter, opening timing is interrupted;
4, start the A/D conversion;
5, be the interval with time T 1, gather 20 data of one-period; (each cycle is gathered 20 data, i.e. T1=1ms around here)
6, be the interval with time T 2, upgrade reference parameter: normal current peak I constantly
Maxref, I
Minref, electric current intermediate value I
Midref, and the maximum rate of change Δ of electric current I
Maxref(T2=1min around here)
7, call electric arc and differentiate subprogram, the logical method that electric arc is differentiated as shown in Figure 5;
If 8 return trip signal, then microprocessor sends the order of threading off, and cuts off the electricity supply, if there is not trip signal, the return data capture program continues the data of last one-period are handled.
As shown in Figure 4, the flow process of arc-detection subprogram is as follows:
1, gathers the current waveform data of one-period, carry out the next stage as a data set and analyze;
2, select the peak I of electric current in the set
MaxAnd I
Min
3, calculate the maximum Δ I of adjacent data difference Δ I
Max
4, in the set of computations near data center (satisfy | I-I
Midref|＜η
1) data number N;
5, judge whether current amplitude is too small, if I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, (step 7) is differentiated (step 6) otherwise jump to flat shoulder to jump to the asymmetric differentiation of positive-negative half-cycle;
6, judged whether flat shoulder phenomenon, if N＞η
3, the asymmetric differentiation of redirect positive-negative half-cycle (step 7), otherwise judge whether zero clearing (step 10) of electric arc number of times;
7, judged whether that positive-negative half-cycle is asymmetric, if | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, electric arc number of times+1 jumps to the electric arc number of times and differentiates (step 9), otherwise redirect di/dt differentiation (step 8);
8, judge whether di/dt is excessive, if Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4, whether electric arc number of times+1 jumps to the electric arc number of times and differentiates (step 9), otherwise judge electric arc number of times zero clearing (step 10);
9, judge whether the electric arc number of times has been accumulated to preset value η
6If, reach, send trip signal, otherwise return main program;
10, judge the whether zero clearing of electric arc number of times, if main program is returned in the zero clearing of electric arc number of times, otherwise electric arc number of times-1 and return main program.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment; as long as adopted arc method for measuring of the present invention; no matter adopt which kind of power circuit or signal sampling treatment circuit or little process chip or dropout drive circuit or trip assembley therefor or other to be equal to replacement, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.Fault electric arc protective circuit of the present invention both can be used as an independently system; its arc method for measuring and protective circuit also can combine with other existing circuit-breaker such as ground-fault interrupter or leakage current protector or overcurrent protective device, form multi-functional circuit protection device.
Claims (6)
1. fault electric arc protective device, comprise power circuit (7), current transformer (TR1), voltage follower circuit (4), signal condition amplifying circuit (6), A/D sample circuit (5), microprocessor (2), dropout drive circuit (1) and trip assembley therefor (3), it is characterized in that, described current transformer (TR1) two ends are parallel with signal load resistance (R11), current transformer (TR1) output is connected with voltage follower circuit (4) in turn, signal condition amplifying circuit (6), A/D sample circuit (5), microprocessor (2) and dropout drive circuit (1) and control trip assembley therefor (3) thereof, wherein, the voltage signal that current transformer (TR1) produces is passed to conditioning amplifying circuit (6) by voltage follower circuit (4) and is converted to the direct current signal that is suitable for the A/D sampling, A/D sample circuit (5) is sampled to this direct current signal, and microprocessor (2) carries out the arc characteristic differentiation and produce trip signal giving dropout drive circuit (1) and control trip assembley therefor (3) thereof to the signal of A/D sampling; Described microprocessor (2) adopts following steps that fault electric arc is detected:
(1) gathers alternating current is formed this cycle with the current signal value on several phase places in the identical time interval in one-period current waveform data acquisition system by current transformer (TR1);
(2) several cycles of interval or fixed interval time, the current waveform data acquisition system of choosing one-period upgrades reference parameter: the peak I that calculates normal moment electric current as normal reference data set constantly
MaxrefAnd I
Minref, electric current intermediate value I
MidrefAnd the maximum Δ I that is somebody's turn to do adjacent data difference in the set
Maxref
(3) according to the current waveform data of the current period of gathering: the peak I that calculates electric current in the set
MaxAnd I
MinCalculate the maximum Δ I of adjacent data difference in the set
MaxCalculate in the set and satisfy | I-I
Midref|＜η
1The number N of data, wherein, η
1Be given threshold values;
(4) if the fault electric arc cycle that is designated as first that current period meets the following conditions:
I, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, and N＞η
3
II, I
Maxref-I
Max＞η
2Perhaps I
Min-I
Minref＞η
2, and Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
III, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, and N＞η
3
IV, | (I
Max+ I
Min)-2I
Midref|＞η
5, and Δ I
Max-Δ I
Maxref＞η
4
Wherein, η
2, η
3, η
4, η
5Be given threshold values;
(5) be designated as the fault electric arc cycle as if a continuous N cycle, and M＞η
6, then being designated as fault electric arc, microprocessor (2) output trip signal is given dropout drive circuit (1), and dropout drive circuit (1) control trip assembley therefor (3) cuts off power supply; Wherein, η
6Be given threshold values.
2. fault electric arc protective device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; described voltage follower circuit (4) is made up of first resistance (R2), second resistance (R3) and first amplifier (U5A); the in-phase input end of first amplifier (U5A) connects first resistance (R2); first resistance (R2) connects signal load resistance (R11), connects second resistance (R3) between the inverting input of first amplifier (U5A) and the output.
3. fault electric arc protective device according to claim 2; it is characterized in that; described signal condition amplifying circuit (6) is by rheostat (VR2); the 3rd resistance (R12) and second amplifier (U5B) are formed; the in-phase input end of second amplifier (U5B) connects the output of voltage follower circuit (4); the inverting input of second amplifier (U5B) connects the 3rd resistance (R12); connect rheostat (VR2) between the inverting input of second amplifier (U5B) and the output; second amplifier (U5B) output connects the pull-up circuit of being made up of the 4th resistance (R4) and the 5th resistance (R10), and the end that picks out of pull-up circuit connects A/D sample circuit (5).
4. according to each described fault electric arc protective device in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described microprocessor (2) is for carrying the microprocessor of A/D sample circuit.
5. fault electric arc protective device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described dropout drive circuit (1) is made up of the 6th resistance (R1) that is in series and optocoupler (01).
6. fault electric arc protective device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described trip assembley therefor (3) is for connecting the release (K1) of optocoupler (01).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100714374A CN101154800B (en) | 2007-09-29 | 2007-09-29 | Device for detecting trouble electric arc |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100714374A CN101154800B (en) | 2007-09-29 | 2007-09-29 | Device for detecting trouble electric arc |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101154800A CN101154800A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| CN101154800B true CN101154800B (en) | 2010-11-17 |
Family
ID=39256309
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100714374A Active CN101154800B (en) | 2007-09-29 | 2007-09-29 | Device for detecting trouble electric arc |
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| US7180299B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2007-02-20 | Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Arc fault detector |
| CN1917320A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-21 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Protection circuit for fault electric arc, and method for detecting fault electric arc |
-
2007
- 2007-09-29 CN CN2007100714374A patent/CN101154800B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7180299B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2007-02-20 | Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Arc fault detector |
| CN1841074A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-04 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fault arc detection method and protection circuit thereof |
| CN1917320A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-21 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Protection circuit for fault electric arc, and method for detecting fault electric arc |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101154800A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160205 Address after: 213025 No. 156 Dongfang Dong Road, Qishuyan District, Jiangsu, Changzhou Patentee after: Jiangsu Kailong Electronics Co., Ltd. Address before: Jianguo Road Hangzhou 310009 Xiang Hua Temple in Zhejiang province 22-2-203 Patentee before: Wu Weilin |