CN101153398A - Corrosion-resistant break-resistant steel rail or steel wheel of train - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant break-resistant steel rail or steel wheel of train Download PDFInfo
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- CN101153398A CN101153398A CNA2006100219635A CN200610021963A CN101153398A CN 101153398 A CN101153398 A CN 101153398A CN A2006100219635 A CNA2006100219635 A CN A2006100219635A CN 200610021963 A CN200610021963 A CN 200610021963A CN 101153398 A CN101153398 A CN 101153398A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corrosion- and fracture-resistant rail or train rail, which aims to eliminate various failures caused by corrosion, the crack or fracture phenomenon of wear resistant rail-wheel (or ordinary rail-wheel) caused by stress corrosion or corrosion fatigue and the contradiction between wear resistance and crack resistance of rail (or wheel). Concretely, an anode is directly arranged on the non-working face of a rail or a wheel; moreover, the surface of the rail or the wheel is coated with a corrosion inhibition layer with ionic conduction and corrosion inhibition functions. Through sacrificing anode or external connection with a controllable DC source, the invention realizes the novel electrochemical protection which combines cathodic protection with corrosion inhibitor; therefore, the service life of the rail, the wheel and rail fittings are prolonged times to meet the pressing requirements of speed increase and increasing heavy load of railway transportation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of rail or steel wheel of train of corrosion-resistant break-resistant; it belongs to a kind of long-life novel rail or wheel; non-working surface at rail or wheel coats specifically; fit or the arrangement anode; and has an alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer (replacement oiling) of ionic conduction and corrosion inhibitive function in the surface-coated of rail or wheel; thereby realize the model electrochemical protection that galvanic protection combines with inhibiter; crackle or the fracture that corrosion or corrosion fatigue cause that wear resistant rail wheel (or common rail wheel) produces eliminates stress; and eliminate the various faults that corrosion causes, prolong the work-ing life of rail wheel and accessory thereof significantly.The present invention has broken electrochemical anti-corrosive erosion and the production of rail wheel and has used the barrier of the shortage communication that exists between these two different technologies fields, thereby has realized an invention.
Background technology
Along with increasing the weight of of transportation by railroad load, the damage aggravation of rail, wheel and track accessory, descend work-ing life significantly, increase huge economical load to transportation by railroad, bring serious threat to driving safety, especially heavily loaded shipping is to the serious wear of rail and wheel, particularly even more serious at the side grinding of segment of curve rail, developed multiple high-intensity anvil faced rail, its wear resisting property has improved 4～5 times than common rail, in addition rail is coated with lubricating oil, has also reduced the side grinding phenomenon of rail effectively.But the technical measures of these two raising rail wheel wear resistancies in implementation process, have but been brought major accidents such as bigger crackle of hazardness and fracture, and to the work-ing life of rail and the influence of traffic safety, even the infringement that specific wear caused is even more serious.Also there is same phenomenon in the wear-resisting wheel that adopts the high strength and high hardness steel to make.High speed passenger transportation is the development trend of world today's transportation by railroad, steady and security requirement to railway line is higher, the Chinese Railway majority is visitor, goods conllinear, to satisfy the requirement of high speed passenger transportation and heavily loaded shipping simultaneously, difficulty is very big, and the major injury of rail wheel has become the bottleneck of restriction railway career development.
The railway departments of science and technology generally believe that the wear-resisting and cracking resistance (antistripping) of rail is the contradiction of a pair of mutual restriction at present, in order to alleviate and to prevent major accident such as disconnected rail, advocate to make rail to keep suitable state of wear, the raising of restriction rail hardness and wear resistance, restriction is coated with lubricating oil, adopting increases abrasive way between wheel track, grind off the tiny crack of continuous germinating, rely on this way to reduce Stripping from falling piece and preventing that disconnected rail from (consulting " material capability of rail and related process " book p103 that China Railway Press published in 2005, p105)." reason that produces these faults is the yield strength value that wheel Rail Contact Stresses has surpassed material; cause the material viscous deformation; under the repeated load effect; the accumulation of viscous deformation (fatigue) makes rail surface produce tiny crack; crackle enlarges gradually under normal direction and tangential stress effect, causes to peel off piece or rail fracture " (consulting [research of railway track micromechanism of damage] " Chinese mechanical engineering " 2002.9 1 literary compositions) thought by railway scientific and technological circle; ", peel off also serious more " (consulting [wheel Stripping is from performance test research] " Chinese mechanical engineering " 2005.4 1 literary compositions) along with the raising of material carbon content, hardness and wear resistance.A query is arranged here: the intensity of anvil faced rail has had with yield strength (comparing with common rail) and has increased substantially, by above-mentioned analysis, under same contact stress, common rail should more be easy to generate viscous deformation and germinating tiny crack, but why crackle and disconnected rail accident, is anvil faced rail but than serious many of common rail? to this explanation is such " common rail is owing to wear no resistance; the tiny crack of generation has been worn away very soon; and the hardness height of anvil faced rail; the tiny crack that is produced can not be worn away, and tiny crack is expanded gradually and caused that rail peels off piece or fracture ".
Top technical Analysis is taken turns rail the germinating and the expansion of crackle, the fracture of rail, regard simple stress and tired caused destruction as, the development that relies on abrasion to slow down crackle, therefore also just can't solve the contradiction between wear resistance and the splitting resistance, can not when increasing substantially rail wheel wear resistance, also improve the performance of its anti-fracture, attend to one thing and lose sight of another, can't accomplish satisfactory to both partiesly, become a big technical barrier.
Solve above-mentioned technical barrier, must at first see clearly the essence of things.Cracking and disconnected rail most important reason, is that stress corrosion very easily takes place high-strength steel, and this is the fact that corrosion scientific and technological circle in the world prove already, but still be a new problem of cognition as yet in the railway system.The stress that environmental corrosion factor and rail are born superimposed (or alternation response), cause the germinating of anvil faced rail crackle and expansion rapidly, and cause rail fracture, the fracture that the high-strength steel that uses in physical environment (especially humid area) midium or long term is taken place under tension stress or repeated stress effect, almost belong to stress corrosion or fatigue corrosion fracture phenomenon entirely, because this basic corrosive medium of oxygen and water anytime anywhere all exists, not only at southern wet environment, even weather is than the exsiccant north, because day and night temperature is big, also can form dew on the rail surface, frost or fog, thus the environment of stress corrosion or corrosion fatigue is provided.At the corrosion sciemtifec and technical sphere, a large amount of practice and verification experimental verifications of using have proved that all there are the susceptibility of height in high Strong degree steel counter stress corrosion or corrosion fatigue.
The crack growth rate of stress corrosion is 10 of a general corrosion speed in same environment
6Doubly (see that metallurgical industry press publishes " metallic corrosion " book that Yang De an ancient unit of weight etc. is compiled).When not having corrosion factor, have only after tensile stress surpasses the yield strength of material high-strength steel is ruptured.When having corrosion factor, stress corrosion fracture (seeing that metallurgical industry press goes out " material corrosion and protection " book that edition Sun Qiu Xia etc. compiles) can take place in (for example under 5%～10% or the lower tension stress effect in yield strength) under the extremely low tensile stress effect in high-strength steel, in pure water and damp atmosphere, stress corrosion fracture can both take place in high-strength steel.Corrosion fatigue is compared with simple fatigue, disrumpent feelings ultimate stress takes place, the former only is the latter's 1/5～1/2 (seeing that press of Tsing-Hua University publishes " material corrosion and control " book that Bai Xinde etc. compiles), and crack propagation velocity the former be 10 times of the latter (seeing that metallurgical industry press publishes " metallic corrosion " book that Yang De an ancient unit of weight etc. is compiled).
In atmosphere or moist physical environment, the corrosion of iron and steel all belongs to galvanic corrosion, (corrosion) damage of metal betides anode, the anodic dissolution rate is represented the corrosion of metal injuring speed, and it is directly proportional with the anodic current density, in galvanic corrosion, flow through negative electrode and anodic electric current equates, but yin, yang interpolar current density is not wait, and it is inversely proportional to between the two area size.When corrosion is in big negative electrode primary anode state, the current density of negative electrode is minimum, the pressure drop of cathodic polarization approaches zero, negative electrode (depolarize) process is unblocked, thereby aggravation anodic process, energy expenditure also concentrates on anode, and anodic current density is very big, and anodic dissolving (corrosion damage) speed is very big.Stress corrosion (or corrosion fatigue) is most typical big negative electrode primary anode etch state, it is the most serious destructive galvanic corrosion, hot spot impels stress concentration and germinating formation of crack, and stress concentration aggravates the speed that corrosion develops in depth greatly, reciprocal causation forms chain reaction, and crackle is expanded rapidly.The position of stress concentration is because the crystalline dislocation, the slippage ladder is to the destruction of metallic surface passive state film, cause the metal of focal point of stress to be in active state, its current potential is more negative than the current potential at other positions, become the anode of this corrosion system, the width of crack tip extremely narrow (estimation is not more than 10nm), the whole exposed metallic surface and the both sides of crackle all are negative electrodes, the tip of crackle is only anode only, and ratio of cathodic to anodic area is everlasting 10
6Doubly, annode area is extremely trickle narrow and small, and anodic current density is very big, the corrosion damage high concentration is under the tension stress effect, in the crack propagation process, the passive state film of crack tip constantly is torn, and is in the height active state all the time, and the anodic current density at this place is up to 0.5A/cm
2, and the current density of crackle both sides only is 10
-5A/cm
2(seeing that metallurgical industry press goes out " material corrosion and protection " book that edition Sun Qiu Xia etc. compiles), both differ 5 * 10
4Doubly, the current density that crack tip is huge makes crackle develop in depth rapidly along the vertical direction of tension stress, greatly accelerates disruptive speed.When there is pitting attack in steel surface or tiny crack occurs, corrosion product or tiny crack hole can absorb airborne moisture, press capillary theory, the aperture is thinner, water-absorbent is stronger, when atmospheric relative humidity does not reach capacity as yet, just contained the moisture that is enough to cause stress corrosion in these fine gap.
When stress corrosion or corrosion fatigue take place when, the bottom of tiny crack is because anoxic (airborne oxygen is difficult for entering the crackle bottom), cause the hydrolysis of iron ion and acidifying, produce a lot of hydrogen ions, the pH value reduces to 3～3.5, and hydrogen ion discharges in crackle, forms the autocatalysis corrosion and causes hydrogen embrittlement, aggravate the development of crackle widely, its destruction principle can be described from following galvanic corrosion reaction equation:
Anodic process: dissolved ferric iron (oxidation) generates iron ion (betiding crack tip) 2Fe-4e=2Fe
2+
Crackle is interior owing to anoxic, the iron ion that anode dissolution gets off
With water reaction " hydrolysis ", generate hydrogen ion and make water acidifying Fe
2++ 2H
2O=Fe (OH)
2+ 2H
+
Cathodic process is divided into two partly;
The exposed position on steel surface mainly is the process of depolarization O that oxygen is reduced
2+ 2H
2O+4e=4OH
-
Both sides mainly are the process of depolarization 2H that hydrogen ion is reduced to hydrogen atom in the crackle
++ 2e=2[H]
Nascent hydrogen atom [H] activity is very strong, infiltrates base material easily and causes the hazardness utmost point
Serious hydrogen embrittlement breaks
The rapid expansion of tiny crack when stoping stress corrosion (or corrosion fatigue) must be eliminated the acidifying phenomenon of tiny crack bottom.
The above listed data relevant with stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue are all drawn from corroding scientific and technological teaching material or authoritative works, all are to investigate through process long-term practice and test, obtain the international scientific and technological circle's recognized data of corroding.
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and Japan all once carry out the research of alloying rail, to containing Cr, Cu, Mo, Mn, more than 20 kind of rail material of elements such as Nb carried out big quantity research, proof is in this class steel alloy is in during low-alloy level (alloying element content 4～5%), to protection against corrosion inoperative (seeing Chen Zeling [research of rail anticorrosion technique in the operation tunnel] " railway construction " 199811 phases), when adopting high-content alloy level (being stainless steel), though anticorrosion ability is pretty good, but cost an arm and a leg, be 3～3.5 times of common rail, therefore be difficult to promote the use of, even adopted stainless steel, can prevent general corrosion, but still can't resolve stress corrosion problem (corrosion scientific and technological circle know that all there is Sensitivity of Stress Corrosion in high-strength stainless steel).
Railway once attempted adopting various coatings to prevent the corrosion of rail, but existing various coatings can not prevent that all rail head of rail from by crack initiation and development that stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue caused, can not stop the fracture of rail.The weld seam position of rail is the weakest link of rail; existing various coating is all wanted scaling loss after welding; can't be in the original barrier propterty of the on-the-spot recovery of welding; usually there is unrelieved stress in rail after welding; the metal structure of weld will change; the critical stress ratio mother metal of commissure stress corrosion crack reduced near half; it is the extremely sensitive district of stress corrosion; the crackle that the easiest generation stress corrosion or corrosion fatigue cause, and existing various coating technology all can not effectively be protected this prior position, commissure.
Cathode protection method is the eliminate stress corrosion and the effective ways of corrosion fatigue; aspect the large-scale steel part that it uses in protection buried pipeline or other wet environment; existing long-term practical experience; Shenyang Railway Bureau and Chongqing Railway office all Ceng Jing Taste examination adopt cathode protecting process on rail, prevent the corrosion of rail in the tunnel.But rail is unlike buried pipeline, and it is difficult for forming the necessary current cycle of conventional galvanic protection loop on the ground.Application number is 92108213.4 Chinese invention patent " cathode protection method of rail rust in tunnel "; cathode protecting process with reference to conventional buried pipeline; proposition is provided with one every 100～400m and buries the ground supplementary anode; the direct supply that connects voltage≤60V utilizes the high humidity in 70～100% in the tunnel and the SO that train is discharged
2, CO
2Be communicated with the earth with waste gas formed ionogen moisture film on rail and sleeper such as oxynitride, form the electrochemistry circulation loop, reach the purpose of galvanic protection.Though be feasible in principle; but the humidity in the tunnel is a parameter; can not guarantee all to form complete successive moisture film at any time at rail and crosstie surface; the resistance of the earth also is parameter; by the distance of external direct current power supply through hundreds of rice; arrive the rail surface by the earth and sleeper; formed capricious big volts lost; reduced the cathodic polarization effect; the cathode protecting process of this routine in addition; be subjected to the interference (also can disturb railway signal, influences the railway normal transport) of underground stray current itself easily, so this system is difficult to rail is formed effective galvanic protection.This patent utilization SO in addition
2, CO
2Realize that with the electroconductibility of acid attack medium such as oxynitride galvanic protection is improper because electrochemical reaction process is wanted liberation of hydrogen in acidic medium, exist cause hydrogen embrittlement fracture danger.
Application number be 03137936.2 and application number be that 200410033844.2 Chinese invention patent proposes to adopt metal film of lower potential or anode layer to coat the steel part (or metalwork) that needs protection; form the corrosion protection system that imporous shielding and galvanic protection combine; so 03137936.2 and 200410033844.2 two patent; be used to protect rail can guarantee that the web of the rail and the flange of rail do not corrode; but because the tread and the rail of rail head of rail and steel wheel of train are taken turns mutual surface of friction; can not adopt any coating layer; therefore the method that provided of 03137936.2 and 200410033844.2 patents can not eliminate completely effectively the heavy duty load down rail head of rail and steel wheel by stress corrosion and caused major injury of corrosion fatigue and fracture defect, existing other anticorrosion technique also all can't be eliminated by stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue and rail be taken turns the grievous injury that causes.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the corrosion that will prevent rail, steel wheel of train and track accessory effectively, especially eliminates because stress corrosion or corrosion fatigue cause crackle or the fracture that wear resistant rail wheel (or common rail wheel) produces.Must effectively stop the germinating and the expansion of tiny crack for achieving the goal, though improvement to aspects such as wheel track design, track installation and maintenance management, can improve the state that is subjected to stress of rail, but the railway track and wheel hub in high speed and heavy service, the influence that wants to eliminate stress fully is impossible, and eliminates the influence of corrosion factor, and corrosion and corrosion fatigue eliminate stress, suppressing the germinating and the expansion of tiny crack, is the best approach that prevents that the rail wheel from cracking or rupturing.
Have now found that remaining the whole or partial non-friction surface except tread and rail wheel surface of friction at rail (or steel wheel of train) coats, fit or the arrangement anode, and take turns mutual surface of friction at the tread and the rail of rail head of rail (or steel wheel of train), apply one deck alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer and replace being coated with lubricating oil, perhaps at the tread of rail head of rail (or steel wheel of train), rail is taken turns mutual surface of friction, all the other exposed surfaces of anode layer outside surface (or surfaces externally and internally) and rail wheel, at above-mentioned all surface or surface-coated one deck alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer partly, this alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer to electrolyte ion be conducting or have an ion exchanging function.Direct connection by sacrificing positive pole; or connect by conducting connecting part; or by conducting connecting part and the connection of external controllable direct current power supply; make rail or steel wheel of train and anode to electronic conduction; make rail (or steel wheel of train) and anode to the ion conducting by alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer (or by moisture film); by the automatic adjusting of controllable direct current power supply or by selection to the sacrificial anode electropotential; cathodic protection potential is controlled at stress corrosion does not take place; in the electropotential scope of corrosion fatigue or hydrogen embrittlement; in 25 ℃ fresh water or neutral medium; generally speaking; this electropotential is controlled at-830mV (CSE) to the scope of-1170mV (CSE) (negative value surpasses-during 1170mV (CSE); separate out hydrogen easily); form the electro-chemical protection system that galvanic protection and inhibition combine; the cathodic polarization value of this system is not less than that 100mV Cong Er Indeed protects rail and stress corrosion does not appear in train wheel; fatigue corrosion or other corrosion; stop the germinating and the expansion of tiny crack; solve the contradiction that rail wheel wear resistance and splitting resistance resist mutually; prolong the work-ing life of rail (or steel wheel of train) significantly, the track accessory also obtains extremely effectively galvanic protection simultaneously.
Alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer of the present invention, its pH value is not less than 8, and preferably in 9～13 scope, this alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer has perviousness preferably, thereby the pH value of tiny crack bottom or depths, slit is also reached more than 8.As oiling, according to practical situation, certain interval of time repeats to be coated with once.This alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer is hydrophilic, but for fear of being fallen by rain drop erosion, preferably employing contains the group of insoluble or indissoluble water and the alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer that the wetting ability ion mutually combines and forms, thereby improve the adhesive power of alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer and reduce the brushing number of times, keep rail and wheel surface that the meagre alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer of one deck is arranged all the time, keep these surperficial ionogen to maintain alkaline state (the pH value is not less than 8) all the time, this has not only stoped the corrosion of steel (well-known, iron and steel is not perishable in alkaline medium), prevent simultaneously the tiny crack bottom effectively because acidifying causes the serious harm that autocatalysis corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement cause, the utmost point has stoped the expansion of tiny crack effectively.Because this alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer contains the wetting ability ion, have function, or have ion exchanging function, again so can strengthen the galvanic protection effect of anode to rail and wheel to the electrolyte ion conducting.This alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer can adopt inorganics, comprises various inorganic polymers, monomer, colloid and composition thereof, for example various phosphoric acid salt, silicate, chromic salt, molybdate, aluminate, titanate, borate, nitrite, silicofluoride or the like.Also can adopt organism, comprise various glue, resin, polymkeric substance, graft modification polymkeric substance, ion-exchanger, organic bases, amine, polymeric amide, emulsion, WO emulsion or the like, or employing organic-inorganic mixture, this alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer contains cathodic corrosion inhibitor, or contain anodic corrosion inhibitor, or contain have the negative electrode inhibition simultaneously, the bifunctional inhibiter of anode inhibition, or add above-mentioned again or other one or more inhibiter.This alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer has perviousness and wettability preferably; or also has adjustable oilness (can add lubricant); for effect and the corrosion inhibitive function that strengthens galvanic protection; also can add tensio-active agent, moisture adsorbent, Powdered or flakey sacrificing positive pole; wherein a kind of or several, or do not add.
Anode of the present invention; different with conventional cathode protection method; change into and fit in rail (or wheel) surface and (anode is coated by the original ground state that buries; fit or be placed in the web of the rail of rail; or the web of the rail adds the flange of rail; or the rail head outside; or the web of the rail adds the rail head outside; or the web of the rail adds the flange of rail and adds the rail head outside; or the inoperative surface of friction of steel wheel of train); by colding pressing or hot pressing or stickup or mechanical connection or magnetic force absorption or hot dip or plating or metallurgical binding or other method; make the whole or local surfaces mortise of the above-mentioned inoperative surface of friction of anode and rail or steel wheel of train; the present invention both can implement the sacrificing positive pole cathode protection method; also can implement the impressed current cathode protection method; when adopting the impressed current cathode protection method; should add sealing coat between the binding face of this supplementary anode (non-sacrificing positive pole) and rail (or steel wheel) to electronic isolation; when adopting the sacrificing positive pole cathode protection method; between the binding face of sacrificing positive pole and rail (or steel wheel) sealing coat of pair electronic isolation can be arranged, or not have such sealing coat.The anodic shape should match with rail or with all surfaces or the local surfaces of the inoperative surface of friction of steel wheel of train, for example the shape with the rail both sides web of the rail matches, or match with the outer side of rail head, or match simultaneously with the continuous surface and the opposite side web of the rail of the rail head outside and the web of the rail, or match with the web of the rail and the flange of rail simultaneously, or match simultaneously, or match with the inoperative surface of friction of steel wheel of train with rail head outer side, the web of the rail and the flange of rail.This anode can be made tinsel or the metal sheet that a layer thickness is 0.03～5mm, and this tinsel or metal sheet at room temperature unit elongation after anneal is not less than 20%.When adopting the sacrificing positive pole cathode protection method; by regulating and change the composition of anode material; thereby change the anodic electropotential; to satisfy the needs of galvanic protection, the electropotential of material in pure water or alkaline medium of making sacrificing positive pole is than the negative at least 105mV of the electropotential of rail or steel wheel of train.The material of making this sacrificing positive pole is selected from and is added with gallium, zinc, silicon, magnesium, mercury, indium, tin, cadmium, aluminium, manganese, titanium, carbon, nickel, bismuth, plumbous, calcium, beryllium, sodium, potassium, lithium, antimony, strontium, scandium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, phosphorus, boron, germanium, rare earth metal maybe can make the electropotential of this sacrificing positive pole keep bearing at least than the electropotential of rail or steel wheel of train other elements of 105mV, contain a kind of of above-mentioned element or several aluminium, aluminium alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, wherein at least a, or select for use copper content be not more than 0.1% and iron-holder be not more than 0.7% aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Take turns mutual surface of friction for the tread that makes rail (or steel wheel of train) and rail and obtain more effective galvanic protection, can be at the meagre sacrificing positive pole of these surface-coated one decks, but the certain interval of time coating is once.Can take to brush, plating fast, the soft metal wipes plating or other fast method applies, after adopting the alkali plating solution plating, raffinate that needn't the flush away surface.Also can in coated alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer, add Powdered or flakey sacrificing positive pole particulate, rely on wheel track to roll and push, make this thin layer sacrificing positive pole adhere to the rail wheel surface.
For the weld seam position that makes rail obtains the most effective protection; the present invention is for the rail that need weld at the scene of laying a railway track; butt welded seam position and welded heat affecting zone do not wrap in advance and paste or settle anode; coat again behind to be welded the finishing; fit or the arrangement anode; or add through electronic isolation sealing coat or alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer or electronic isolation sealing coat and to settle anode again after alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer is isolated; and this position anode is communicated with the anode at all the other positions; make resistance therebetween be not more than 1 Ω; or the material that adopts electropotential not to be higher than other position anodic electropotential shape that make or that plating has the coating of kind electrode current potential coats with the metal chuck that the rail surface of being pasted by bag matches; these positions compress and fit; or after electronic isolation sealing coat or alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer or electronic isolation sealing coat add alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer and isolate again bag paste these positions; and the metal chuck is communicated with the anode at all the other positions; make resistance therebetween be not more than 1 Ω; thereby make the weld seam position of rail and welded heat affecting zone obtain effective galvanic protection; the weld seam position of rail; often need carrying out flaw detection; the present invention can take down the detachable protective layer of commissure very easily, treats to load onto again after carrying out flaw detection finishes the metal chuck again or mends the bag anode.
Galvanic protection system of the present invention is better than conventional galvanic protection; be that also it is controlled at cathodic protection potential better state easily; thereby reach more effective purpose that prevents stress corrosion; in conventional galvanic protection system; because anode and cathode distance are very big; very big with electropotential difference at a distance nearby, so the weak effect of galvanic protection.For example above-mentioned application number is 92108213.4 Chinese invention patent " cathode protection method of rail rust in tunnel "; the anodic maximum distance reaches 400m; for overcoming the huge volts lost (medium IR falls) that distant place ground resistance (and sleeper resistance) causes; the rail of far-end also is protected; have to apply very big impressed voltage; therefore this patent has adopted maximum voltage to reach the direct supply of 60V; exhausted most power consumption is in overcoming the earth volts lost (making idle work); and cause that the cathodic polarization potential of rail is negative excessively from anode nearby; to cause rail surface liberation of hydrogen; increased the danger of hydrogen embrittlement fracture; because medium IR falls changeablely, bring difficulty for the monitoring regulation and control in addition.The present invention is because anode and cathode is leaned on very closely; and there is the good alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer of conduction the centre; medium IR falls minimum; the electric energy that is applied is mainly cathodic polarization and makes useful work; the electropotential distribution uniform at each position, changing factor is little, monitoring regulation and control easily; only need apply less polarizing voltage or less anode loss, just can reach the purpose of galvanic protection.By the automatic adjusting of controllable direct current power supply or by selection to different sacrificial anode electropotentials; cathodic protection potential is controlled at does not take place in the electropotential scope of stress corrosion, corrosion fatigue or hydrogen embrittlement; add the effect of alkaline corrosion inhibitor, realize more effective electro-chemical protection.
In order to obtain better galvanic protection; can will coat, fit or be placed in the anode of the non-friction surface of rail; adopt the controlled electron element divisions of coding to be connected to plurality of sections; by measuring cathodic protection current or current potential or volts lost or changes in resistance, regulate the cathodic polarization value of control rail automatically.A kind of like this structure can also play the effect that disconnected rail is found in monitoring, in case disconnected rail occurs, the cathodic protection current at this position interrupts, and the controlled electron element of coding shows the position of disconnected rail immediately, and the utmost point is the generation of stifled exhausted accident effectively.
The present invention compares with prior art, its superiority mainly contain following some:
1 rail and steel wheel of train protection against corrosion problem, especially how prevent effectively that stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue to the havoc that the rail wheel is caused, being still unsolved so far world-famous puzzle, the present invention has found practicable terms of settlement, have initiatively and pioneering, filled up world's blank.
2. along with the raising of intensity, hardness and the wear resistance of material, the fracture of rail (or wheel) is also grown simultaneously, and prior art can't be eliminated the contradiction that wear resistance and splitting resistance resist mutually, the invention solves this great technical barrier.
Since anode of the present invention near negative electrode; and the ionic conduction function of alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer arranged; therefore the IR of medium falls minimum; so the galvanic protection effect beats by miles conventional galvanic protection,, medium just avoided (or at the bottom of point corrosion pit) autocatalysis corrosion that acidifying caused and hydrogen embrittlement harm at the bottom of slit, the tiny crack effectively because being in alkaline state.
4. the utmost point of the present invention has solved the protection problem at steel rail welding line position effectively, and the carrying out flaw detection that does not hinder weld seam, this be existing other protective coating can't accomplish.
5. the present invention implements easily, and the production efficiency height can adopt the automation line streamline operration to finish anodic coating or pressing expeditiously in the steel mill or the factory of laying a railway track.For the active service track of steel rail laying, also can adopt applying, mechanical clamping or other method, at the rail web of the rail or rail head outside fixed anode, play effective galvanic protection function equally, apply alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer and can utilize existing oiling facility.
6. the present invention can utilize existing mature technology, transform a little and can produce in batches, for example can utilize existing sophisticated anode composition and section bar manufacturing technology, aluminium foil or aluminium sheet production technology, transform and reconfigure and make required anode, utilize existing various organism that corrosion inhibitive function is arranged or inorganics to the electrolyte ion conducting, reconfigure and transform, make required alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer, initial stage also can be utilized the off-the-shelf equipment of existing producer, consigned processing is reduced investment risk.
7. high efficiency with low cost, rail adopt the present invention's protection, and its cost estimation is not higher than 5% of rail price, and improve more than the twice work-ing life of rail at least.
8. the present invention can regulate the cathodic polarization value of control rail automatically, makes electro-chemical protection be in optimum regime, can also play the monitoring effect, in case disconnected rail occurs, can find the position of disconnected rail immediately, prevents the generation of accident.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 coats the rail profile synoptic diagram of the corrosion-resistant break-resistant of sacrificing positive pole
Fig. 2 coats the rail profile synoptic diagram that sacrificing positive pole expands the corrosion-resistant break-resistant in the rail head outside to
Fig. 3 adopts the rail profile synoptic diagram of the corrosion-resistant break-resistant of zinc anode
Fig. 4 adopts the rail profile synoptic diagram of the corrosion-resistant break-resistant of impressed current cathode protection method
Fig. 5 adopts the rail electrochemistry circulation circuit synoptic diagram of the corrosion-resistant break-resistant of impressed current cathode protection method
Reference numeral:
1. rail section
2. aluminium alloy sacrificing positive pole coating layer
3. sticking robust and sturdy dose
4. zinc alloy sacrificing positive pole
5. to the sealing coat of electronic isolation
6. the used supplementary anode of impressed current galvanic protection
7. alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer
8. controllable direct current power supply
9. lead
Embodiment
Introduce the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, they only be implement the present invention some for example, do not comprise full content of the present invention.
Embodiment one
Employing contains 3%Zn, 0.025%In, 0.1%Si, 0.3%Zr, surplus is that the aluminium alloy of Al is made the thin plate that thickness is 0.2～0.3mm as-annealed condition, and apply the linear loop epoxy resins of one deck giant molecule amount in advance through delustring processing and internal surface, will be standby as the sacrificing positive pole plate through the Aluminium Alloy Plate of processing like this.The internal surface of above-mentioned positive plate is fitted in the web of the rail and the flange of rail (see figure 1) of rail, utilize high frequency or intermediate frequency or other surface (moment) heating method under pressurized state, to make the positive plate secure fit in the rail surface.In the railway transport course, utilize existing oiling station to change and be coated with alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer, be coated with once in per 1～4 day, the formula examples of alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer is as follows:
Fill a prescription two
The amine value is 400 low molecular polyamides 28% water glass (modulus is 32) 30～50%
E51 Resins, epoxy 1% aluminium hydroxide 10～20%
Industry glycerol 14% molybdenumdisulphide 5～15%
Industrial alcohol 10% starch 1～2%
Water 42% water surplus
Embodiment two
The scope of applying positive plate except the surface of pressing the embodiment one described web of the rail and the flange of rail, also comprises the outer side of rail head of rail, and other and embodiment one are identical, see Fig. 2.
Embodiment three
Employing contains 0.1～0.5%Al, 0.025～0.15%Cd, all the other be the zinc alloy of Zn as sacrificing positive pole, by mechanical connection, anode is fixed in the rail both sides web of the rail, other is identical with embodiment one, sees Fig. 3.
Embodiment four
Adopt high silicon cast iron, ferrite, martial ethiops, aluminium, magnet, wastes of iron and steel or other auxiliary anode material supplementary anode as the impressed current galvanic protection; isolation by the electronic isolation sealing coat; rely on mechanical clamping or magnetic attraction or other method that anode is fixed in web of the rail both sides; by conducting connecting part, lead this supplementary anode is connected with rail and controllable direct current power supply; method by embodiment one is coated with alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer; form adjustable galvanic protection system, see Fig. 4, Fig. 5.
Embodiment five
With reference to the foregoing description one to three; adopt same quadrat method; remaining whole or local surfaces coating or applying anode except tread and work surface of friction at steel wheel of train; make steel wheel of train and anode to electronic conduction; and make steel wheel of train and anode to the ion conducting, thereby make steel wheel of train also obtain extremely effectively electro-chemical protection by alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer.
Claims (10)
1. the rail of a corrosion-resistant break-resistant or steel wheel of train; it is characterized in that coating at remaining whole or partial non-friction surface except tread and rail wheel surface of friction of rail or steel wheel of train; fit or the arrangement anode; this anode is sacrificing positive pole or non-sacrificing positive pole; the sealing coat that pair electronic isolation is arranged between the binding face of non-sacrificing positive pole and rail; the sealing coat that pair electronic isolation is arranged between the binding face of sacrificing positive pole and rail; or there is not such sealing coat; direct connection by sacrificing positive pole; or connect by conducting connecting part; or by conducting connecting part and the connection of external controllable direct current power supply; make rail or steel wheel of train and anode to electronic conduction; form the galvanic protection system; through the automatic adjusting of controllable direct current power supply or by selection to the sacrificial anode electropotential; cathodic protection potential is controlled at stress corrosion does not take place; in the electropotential scope of corrosion fatigue or hydrogen embrittlement, the cathodic polarization value of this system is not less than 100mV.
2. press the rail or the steel wheel of train of the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 1; it is characterized in that tread at rail or steel wheel of train; rail is taken turns mutual surface of friction; all the other exposed surfaces of anodic outside surface or surfaces externally and internally and rail wheel; at above-mentioned all surface or part surface-coated one deck alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer; described alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer to electrolyte ion be conducting or have an ion exchanging function; its pH value is not less than 8; make rail or steel wheel of train and anode to the electrolyte ion conducting by alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer, thus the electro-chemical protection system that formation galvanic protection and inhibition combine.
3. press the rail or the steel wheel of train of the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 2, it is characterized in that described alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer is inorganics or organism or organic-inorganic mixture, this alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer is hydrophilic, or by containing insoluble or being insoluble in the group of water and the wetting ability ion mutually combines and forms, this alkalescence corrosion-inhibiting layer has perviousness and wettability, or also has adjustable oilness, or also be added with tensio-active agent, lubricant, moisture adsorbent, Powdered or flakey sacrificing positive pole, wherein a kind of or several, or do not add.
4. press the rail or the steel wheel of train of the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 2, it is characterized in that described alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer contains cathodic corrosion inhibitor or anodic corrosion inhibitor, or contain have the negative electrode inhibition, the bifunctional inhibiter of anode inhibition, wherein one or more.
5. press the rail or the steel wheel of train of the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 1; it is characterized in that described rail; wherein need weld at the scene of laying a railway track; these positions of its commissure and welded heat affecting zone are not wrapped in advance to paste and are settled anode; coat again behind to be welded the finishing; fit or the arrangement anode; or add through electronic isolation sealing coat or alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer or electronic isolation sealing coat and to settle anode again after alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer is isolated; and this position anode is communicated with the anode at all the other positions; make resistance therebetween be not more than 1 Ω; or the material that adopts electropotential not to be higher than other position anodic electropotential shape that make or that plating has the coating of kind electrode current potential coats with the metal chuck that the rail surface of being pasted by bag matches; these positions compress or fit; or after adding alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer and isolate by electronic isolation sealing coat or alkaline corrosion-inhibiting layer or electronic isolation sealing coat again bag paste these positions; and the metal chuck is communicated with the anode at all the other positions; make resistance therebetween be not more than 1 Ω, thereby make the weld seam position of rail and welded heat affecting zone obtain effective galvanic protection.
6. by the rail or the steel wheel of train of the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 1, the tread, the rail that it is characterized in that described rail or steel wheel of train are taken turns mutual surface of friction Fu Cover the meagre sacrificing positive pole of one deck.
7. press the rail or the steel wheel of train of the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 1; it is characterized in that described coating, fit or be placed in the anode of the non-friction surface of rail; the controlled electron element divisions that is encoded is connected to plurality of sections; by measuring cathodic protection current or current potential or volts lost or changes in resistance; automatically regulate the cathodic polarization value of control rail and the position that disconnected rail is found in monitoring.
8. one kind is specifically designed to the rail of corrosion-resistant break-resistant or the anode of steel wheel of train, it is characterized in that this anodic shape and rail or match with all surfaces or the local surfaces of the inoperative surface of friction of steel wheel of train, or this anode is that a layer thickness is tinsel or the metal sheet of 0.03～5mm, and this tinsel or metal sheet at room temperature unit elongation after anneal is not less than 20%.
9. one kind is specifically designed to the rail of corrosion-resistant break-resistant or the sacrificing positive pole of steel wheel of train, it is characterized in that making the electropotential of material in pure water or alkaline medium of this sacrificing positive pole than the negative at least 105mV of the electropotential of rail or steel wheel of train.
10. press the rail or the steel wheel of train of claim 1 or claim 3 or the described corrosion-resistant break-resistant of claim 6, or by the described rail of corrosion-resistant break-resistant or the sacrificing positive pole of steel wheel of train of being specifically designed to of claim 9, the material that it is characterized in that making sacrificing positive pole is selected from and is added with gallium, zinc, silicon, magnesium, mercury, indium, tin, cadmium, aluminium, manganese, titanium, carbon, nickel, bismuth, plumbous, calcium, beryllium, sodium, potassium, lithium, antimony, strontium, scandium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, phosphorus, boron, germanium, rare earth metal maybe can make the electropotential of this sacrificing positive pole keep bearing at least than the electropotential of rail or steel wheel of train other elements of 105mV, contain a kind of of above-mentioned element or several aluminium, aluminium alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, wherein at least a, or select for use copper content be not more than 0.1% and iron-holder be not more than 0.7% aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100219635A CN101153398A (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2006-09-28 | Corrosion-resistant break-resistant steel rail or steel wheel of train |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100219635A CN101153398A (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2006-09-28 | Corrosion-resistant break-resistant steel rail or steel wheel of train |
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|---|---|
| CN101153398A true CN101153398A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100219635A Pending CN101153398A (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2006-09-28 | Corrosion-resistant break-resistant steel rail or steel wheel of train |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102730514A (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-17 | 东芝电梯株式会社 | Elevator |
| CN104152913A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Cathodic protection device of smart sacrificial anode suitable for application in freshwater |
| CN105171436A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-23 | 苏州市宝玛数控设备有限公司 | Cutter steel rail |
| CN110042400A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-23 | 山东德瑞防腐材料有限公司 | A kind of sacrificial aluminium alloy anode and preparation method thereof |
| CN111976784A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 宝鸡中车时代工程机械有限公司 | Oiling station of railway fastener |
| CN112609186A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-06 | 山东宏泰科技有限公司 | Al-Mg-Ga-Mn-Bi aluminum alloy sacrificial anode suitable for protecting steel structure at sea entrance and preparation process thereof |
| CN112656144A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-16 | 沈阳理工大学 | Demonstration model storage device with rust-proof structure for mechanical design |
| CN113479811A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-08 | 宁波市加力特机械有限公司 | Dual-purpose lifting platform for flat ground and track |
| CN113853308A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-12-28 | 波鸿交通技术有限公司 | Multi-part rail wheel for a rail vehicle |
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- 2006-09-28 CN CNA2006100219635A patent/CN101153398A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102730514A (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-17 | 东芝电梯株式会社 | Elevator |
| CN102730514B (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2015-03-25 | 东芝电梯株式会社 | Elevator |
| CN104152913A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Cathodic protection device of smart sacrificial anode suitable for application in freshwater |
| CN105171436A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-23 | 苏州市宝玛数控设备有限公司 | Cutter steel rail |
| CN110042400A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-23 | 山东德瑞防腐材料有限公司 | A kind of sacrificial aluminium alloy anode and preparation method thereof |
| CN113853308A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-12-28 | 波鸿交通技术有限公司 | Multi-part rail wheel for a rail vehicle |
| CN113853308B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2022-06-03 | 波鸿交通技术有限公司 | Multi-part rail wheel for a rail vehicle |
| CN111976784A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 宝鸡中车时代工程机械有限公司 | Oiling station of railway fastener |
| CN112609186A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-06 | 山东宏泰科技有限公司 | Al-Mg-Ga-Mn-Bi aluminum alloy sacrificial anode suitable for protecting steel structure at sea entrance and preparation process thereof |
| CN112656144A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-16 | 沈阳理工大学 | Demonstration model storage device with rust-proof structure for mechanical design |
| CN112656144B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-08-05 | 沈阳理工大学 | Demonstration model storage device with rust-proof structure for mechanical design |
| CN113479811A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-08 | 宁波市加力特机械有限公司 | Dual-purpose lifting platform for flat ground and track |
| CN113479811B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-04-01 | 宁波市加力特机械有限公司 | Dual-purpose lifting platform for flat ground and track |
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Application publication date: 20080402 |