CN101149254A - High accuracy vision detection system - Google Patents
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- CN101149254A CN101149254A CNA2007101772042A CN200710177204A CN101149254A CN 101149254 A CN101149254 A CN 101149254A CN A2007101772042 A CNA2007101772042 A CN A2007101772042A CN 200710177204 A CN200710177204 A CN 200710177204A CN 101149254 A CN101149254 A CN 101149254A
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Abstract
The high precision vision detection system includes the digital staff guage system, the illuminating system with adaptive adjusting optical intensity, the auto focus system, the optical image system, the vision detection software, the foundation, the computer or microprocessor system. The digital staff guage system is used to provide the high precision length detection base in large scale; the illuminating system is used to adjust the optical intensity according to the different of the detection distance, detection angle and the surface reflectivity of detected workpiece to provide the uniform and stable illuminating intensity to pledge the image quality and the detection precision; the auto focus system is used to adjust the working distance of the detection system to pledge the image has the good quality and constant amplification ratio and pledge the repeatability and detection precision of the detection system; the optical image system is the main part of the detection system, which is used to transform the geometry outlook of detected workpiece to the computer or processor through the optical lens image, the vidicon photoelectricity switch and collecting control circuit; the vision detection software is used to process the image and get the detection result; the foundation is the supporting frame of vision detection system, which is used to fix, support and move every part of system; the computer or microprocessor system is the core part of the whole vision detection system, which is used to coordinate and control every system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high precision non-contact testing device that is used for fields such as productions such as machine-building, Aero-Space, household electrical appliances and automobile and metrology and measurement.
Background technology
Development along with modern science and technology, the machinery and equipment in fields such as machine-building, Aero-Space, household electrical appliances and automobile all develops towards microminiature and highly integrated direction, the demand of the manufacturing of high precision critical component also increases day by day, the high-precision test technology is also had higher requirement, just do not measure and do not make, if detection technique can not get required accuracy requirement, also just out of the question manufacturing technology can obtain how high manufacturing accuracy because there are not means can verify whether manufacturing accuracy has obtained required precision.Photodetector and image processing techniques perfect day by day, make the current online vision detection system of developing at various concrete application of high precision noncontact be used widely, but owing to be subjected to the influence of factors such as environment, target signature pattern, veiling glare etc., present detection system is difficult to satisfy the demand of accuracy of detection.Therefore, the present invention proposes the high precision non-contact detection system of a kind of effective inhibition environmental interference, precise length benchmark and accurate focusing.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: for fields such as machine-building, Aero-Space, household electrical appliances and automobile provide high precision non-contact detecting means, the present invention has designed can accurately provide the digitalized measuring scale system of length standard on a large scale, both solved the linear measure longimetry digitizing of traditional optical instrument, also solve the uncertainty of measurement that grating equal length measurement mechanism brings because of cumulative errors, thereby effectively improved system's accuracy of detection; Having designed can be according to the luminous source system of measuring condition automatic adjust intensities such as surface of the work reflectivity, surface of the work and imaging system optical axis angle, operating distance, all the time can collect high-quality image with the assurance optical imaging system, thereby the assurance system detects repeatability and precision; Designed the automatic focusing system that to regulate optical imaging system and measured workpiece distance automatically, guarantee that the enlargement ratio of optical imaging system is constant and collect the image of high definition, thereby also assurance system has detected repeatability and precision.
Technical solution of the present invention: high accuracy vision detection system is characterized in that comprising:
Digitalized measuring scale system is used to provide large-scale high precision length detection reference;
The automatic adjust intensity illuminator is used for according to measuring distance, the different automatic adjust intensities with the measured workpiece surface reflectivity of taking measurement of an angle, and provides uniform and stable intensity of illumination to guarantee the image quality and the accuracy of detection of vision detection system;
Automatic focusing system is used for regulating automatically the detection system operating distance, has good quality and constant magnification with the image that guarantees the detection system collection, thereby guarantees the repeatability and the accuracy of detection of detection system;
Optical imaging system is used for how much patterns of measured workpiece are sent into through optical lens imaging, the conversion of video camera photoelectricity and acquisition control circuit etc. the parts of computing machine or processor;
Vision detection software is used for the image of input computing machine or microprocessor is handled the acquisition testing result;
Base is used for fixing, each parts in support and the mobile system;
Computing machine or microprocessing systems, be whole vision detection system core devices, be used for coordinating and controlling each system.
Principle of work of the present invention: X is to picking up photosensitive positional information in the machine coordinate of video camera on the longitudinal and transverse direction with Y respectively to digitalized measuring scale system, digitalized measuring scale system on the both direction respectively is with a video camera, the signal of camera acquisition is sent into computing machine through image graph as acquisition control circuit, and computing machine is determined the coordinate figure of both direction by image processing techniques; The automatic adjust intensity illuminator adopts the image quality evaluation function that the picture quality of optical imaging system collection is judged, computing machine is adjusted the output current or the voltage of the power supply of lighting source according to judged result, thereby the output intensity of control lighting source, guarantee that measured workpiece is in the optimal illumination state all the time, optical imagery collects the image of best in quality all the time, guarantees the repeatability and the precision of detection system.Automatic focusing system control video camera and optical imagery camera lens move up and down also continuous acquisition image, use the image of continuous acquisition to obtain the out of focus information of detection system according to the automatic focusing function then, according to out of focus information further controlling and driving control system mobile camera and optical imagery camera lens, make measured workpiece be in the focus place of optical imagery camera lens again.On the photosurface of the profile information of measured workpiece through being imaged on video camera behind the optical system lens, video camera carries out opto-electronic conversion light intensity signal is converted to electrical signal, through the image acquisition control circuit part profile information is sent into computing machine then.Vision detection software is carried out a series of processing such as image pre-service, image recognition and image understanding to the information that is sent to computing machine and is obtained the measured workpiece profile, and profile information and outline position information is synthetic, obtains the size or the coordinate of measured workpiece.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) adopting good stability, basic code scale that antijamming capability is strong is standard volume, pick up the scale signal with the image measurement method, adopt digit recognition and sub-pix subdivide technology to come the integral part and the fraction part of interpretation measurement result, thereby realize picking up automatically and segmenting of length information, reach the purpose of large range displacement information high-acruracy survey;
(2) can be according to measuring conditions such as surface of the work reflectivity, surface of the work and imaging system optical axis angle, operating distances, the light intensity of lighting source is adjusted in computer control automatically, to guarantee that optical imaging system can collect high-quality image all the time;
(3) obtain the out of focus information of detection system automatically according to the automatic focusing function, again according to out of focus information further controlling and driving control system mobile camera and optical imagery camera lens, make measured workpiece be in the focus place of optical imagery camera lens all the time, to guarantee optical imaging system constant enlargement ratio that has and the image that collects high definition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a composition structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 forms structured flowchart for digitalized measuring scale.
Fig. 3 is a basic code digitalized measuring scale groove synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a self-adaptation lighting light source structure block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an automatic focusing structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 6 automatic focusing function synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is an optical imaging system structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 8 measures process flow diagram for vision detection software.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is made up of digitalized measuring scale system, automatic adjust intensity illuminator, automatic focusing system, optical imaging system, vision detection software, base, computing machine or microprocessing systems.X is to picking up photosensitive positional information in the machine coordinate of video camera on the longitudinal and transverse direction with Y respectively to digitalized measuring scale system, digitalized measuring scale system on the both direction respectively is with a video camera, the signal of camera acquisition is sent into computing machine through image graph as acquisition control circuit, and computing machine is determined the coordinate figure of both direction by image processing techniques; The automatic adjust intensity illuminator adopts the image quality evaluation function that the picture quality of optical imaging system collection is judged, computing machine is adjusted the output current or the voltage of the power supply of lighting source according to judged result, thereby the output intensity of control lighting source, guarantee that measured workpiece is in the optimal illumination state all the time, optical imagery collects the image of best in quality all the time, guarantees the repeatability and the precision of detection system.Automatic focusing system control video camera and optical imagery camera lens move up and down also continuous acquisition image, use the image of continuous acquisition to obtain the out of focus information of detection system according to the automatic focusing function then, according to out of focus information further controlling and driving control system mobile camera and optical imagery camera lens, make measured workpiece be in the focus place of optical imagery camera lens again.Optical imaging system is the main part of high accuracy vision detection system of the present invention, on the photosurface of the profile information of measured workpiece through being imaged on video camera behind the optical system lens, video camera carries out opto-electronic conversion light intensity signal is converted to electrical signal, through the image acquisition control circuit part profile information is sent into computing machine then.Vision detection software is carried out a series of processing such as image pre-service, image recognition and image understanding to the information that is sent to computing machine and is obtained the measured workpiece profile, and profile information and outline position information is synthetic, obtains the size or the coordinate of measured workpiece.Base is the hardware frame of high accuracy vision detection system, comprise X to guide rail, Y to guide rail, worktable and column or the like.Computing machine or microprocessing systems be whole vision detection system core devices, be used for each parts of processes captured image data, coordination and control system.
In the universal optical instrument, with the optical scale is standard volume, adopt microscope optical system to amplify, improve the method for its resolving power with optical-mechanical close classification (spiral of Archimedes segmentation, wedge segmentation, lens compensation segmentation, sheet glass swing segmentation, screw rod segmentation etc.), obtained application widely.But because the digitizing difficulty, apparatus measures needs that the operator is visual to carry out, and influence efficiency of measurement and introducing people's subjective error.The raster pattern frame of reference that with the grating is standard volume has solved digitized problem, but the method that the reading of this incremental code adds up is easily introduced add up error.For overcoming above-mentioned two kinds of shortcomings of using general displacement measurement method, the present invention proposes digitalized measuring scale system, this system's employing good stability, the basic code scale that antijamming capability is strong are standard volume, pick up the scale signal with the image measurement method, adopt digit recognition and sub-pix subdivide technology to come the integral part and the fraction part of interpretation measurement result, thereby realize picking up automatically and segmenting of optical scale information, reach the purpose of displacement measurement.Digitalized measuring scale system of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, by light source, condenser, the basic code digitalized measuring scale, image-forming objective lens, CCD treatment circuit and computing machine are formed, wherein have only groove not have numeral on the basic code digitalized measuring scale, the multi-form numeral of representing with groove, the numerical value at place, groove place is by this digital binary code line segment (or other coded systems) expression, system with this scale as length standard, the light that lighting source sends projects on the digitalized measuring scale through becoming directional light after the optical system, the scale map picture is imaged onto on the photosurface of ccd video camera through image-forming objective lens, through light-to-current inversion, the groove positional information just becomes electric signal, carry out analog to digital conversion through circuit, the spatial positional information of groove has become time signal, send into computing machine and handle, utilize automatic identification technology identification to carve digital calibration value on the chi as the integral part of carving the chi position coordinates.Extract the relative position that groove is positioned at the CCD light-sensitive surface by a series of images processing procedures such as smoothing denoising, edge extracting, edge fitting, automatic threshold, binaryzation, groove identifications again, as the fraction part of carving the chi position coordinates.Two parts are combined, can obtain the position coordinates of measured piece.
As shown in Figure 3, every digital calibration value is made up of a section isometric black or white line segment on the basic code digitalized measuring scale of the present invention, these line segments vertically constitute a groove of scale, and the black and white line hop count amount on every groove determined by the length range of scale, puts in order to be determined by coded digitals such as the binary coding at this place, groove place or reflected codes.For the convenience that says something, here the present invention has chosen ten grooves wherein arbitrarily and has described, numerical value and binary coding that these are digital are as shown in table 1, the present invention represents " 0 " with the line segment of black, the line segment of white is represented " 1 ", on scale, the present invention is at the local groove of expression " 0 ", do not carry out groove in expression " 1 ".Lower in the place of groove like this owing to the gray-scale value of scattering of light on image, so and do not have the place of groove because there is not the scattering gray-scale value higher.
As shown in Figure 4, self-adaptation luminous source system of the present invention is made up of the power supply of lighting source, video camera, capture card computing machine and light source.Camera acquisition is by the image of the measured workpiece of light illumination, image is sent into computing machine via image card, the computer measurement program uses the image quality evaluation function to estimate by the quality of images acquired, the electric current power or the voltage swing of light source adjusted in decision-making then, last communication interface (as RS232, USB, GB-IP etc.) as calculated sends the power supply of the regulated quantity of light source to light source, thereby the curtage of adjusting light source makes light source blast or deepening.Make the illumination on current measured workpiece surface reach best, guarantee that the irradiance on all testing process measured workpiece surfaces all is uniform optimum condition.
As shown in Figure 5, automatic focusing system of the present invention is made up of video camera, image acquisition control circuit, computing machine, driving control system, imaging lens.Driving control system moves up and down imaging lens and video camera, is moving the image of continuous acquisition measured workpiece simultaneously, uses the out of focus information of the image of continuous acquisition according to automatic focusing evaluation function extraction detection system.When measured workpiece just in time went out the focus of optical system, the calculated value of automatic focusing evaluation function just was in E point as shown in Figure 6, and computing machine extracts the out of focus information of optical imaging system thus.Computer control obtains the regulated quantity of optical imaging system according to the out of focus system then, and the drive controlling optical imaging system moves up and down, and makes measured workpiece just be positioned at the focus place of optical imaging system.If all constant according to geometrical optics fundamental formular object distance and image distance, then the enlargement factor of system is also constant, so just can guarantee that imaging lens is imaged onto measured workpiece on the photosurface of video camera with same enlargement ratio all the time; Because measured workpiece is positioned at the focus place of optical imaging system, the system that also can guarantee thus can collect distinct image, thereby the also speed of system's Flame Image Process and difficulty improve the accuracy of detection and the repeatability of system.
As shown in Figure 7, optical imaging system is made up of lighting source, imaging lens, video camera, image acquisition control circuit and computing machine.The surface of measured workpiece is behind light illumination, the profile information of measured workpiece reflects or is transmitted to the entrance pupil of optical lens, then on the photosurface through being imaged on video camera behind the optical system lens, video camera carries out opto-electronic conversion light intensity signal is converted to electrical signal, through the image acquisition control circuit measured workpiece profile information is sent into computing machine then.Vision detection software is carried out a series of processing such as image pre-service, image recognition and image understanding to the information that is sent to computing machine and is obtained the measured workpiece profile, and profile information and outline position information is synthetic, obtains the size or the coordinate of measured workpiece.
As shown in Figure 8, the detection software of vision system mainly is made up of functions such as image acquisition and demonstration, image pre-service, Target Recognition, object edge match, parameter measurement and demonstrations as a result.Vision detection system is at first gathered measured target surface profile image, then image is carried out pre-service such as filtering and noise reduction, recognition objective then, target is split from background, extract the edge of the measured target in the image, again by marginal point is carried out curve fitting, obtain the analytical form of corresponding measured target boundary curve, solve the parameter to be measured of measured target at last, the result shows the most at last, and can doc, xls and form output such as dwg or print.In addition, vision detection software also has functions such as automatic focusing, light source adjusting, measurement result statistical study, systemic-function setting, error compensation, system calibrating, size marking and auto-mapping.
Claims (5)
1. high accuracy vision detection system is characterized in that comprising following part:
Digitalized measuring scale system is used to provide large-scale high precision length detection reference;
The automatic adjust intensity illuminator is used for according to measuring distance, the different automatic adjust intensities with the measured workpiece surface reflectivity of taking measurement of an angle, and provides uniform and stable intensity of illumination to guarantee the image quality and the accuracy of detection of vision detection system;
Automatic focusing system is used for regulating automatically the detection system operating distance, has good quality and constant magnification with the image that guarantees the detection system collection, thereby guarantees the repeatability and the accuracy of detection of detection system;
Optical imaging system is used for how much patterns of measured workpiece are sent into through optical lens imaging, the conversion of video camera photoelectricity and acquisition control circuit etc. the parts of computing machine or processor;
Vision detection software is used for the image of input computing machine or microprocessor is handled the acquisition testing result;
Base is used for fixing, each parts in support and the mobile system;
Computing machine or microprocessing systems, be whole vision detection system core devices, be used for coordinating and controlling each system.
2. high accuracy vision detection system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned digitalized measuring scale system comprises light source, condenser, basic code digitalized measuring scale, image-forming objective lens, CCD treatment circuit and computing machine, can realize the displacement measurement of large scale and high accuracy.
3. high accuracy vision detection system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned self-adaptation luminous source system comprises the power supply of lighting source, video camera, capture card computing machine and light source, can adjust the light intensity of lighting source automatically according to measuring conditions such as surface of the work reflectivity, surface of the work and imaging system optical axis angle, operating distances.
4. high accuracy vision detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned automatic focusing system comprises imaging lens, video camera, driving control system, image acquisition control circuit and computing machine.Can regulate the distance between optical imaging system and the measured workpiece automatically, make measured workpiece be in the focus place of optical imagery camera lens all the time.
5. high accuracy vision detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: vision detection software mainly is made up of image acquisition and demonstration, image pre-service, Target Recognition, object edge match, parameter measurement and result's demonstration, output function.In addition, vision detection software also has automatic focusing, light source adjusting, measurement result statistical study, systemic-function setting, error compensation, system calibrating, size marking and auto-mapping function.
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