CN101148741A - Thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one kind of continuously cast austenite stainless steel sheet band and its production process. The austenite stainless steel sheet band has the components including C 0.04-0.12 wt%, Si0.2-1 wt%, Mn 0.8-2 wt%, P not more than 0.04 wt%, S not more than 0.03 wt%, Cr 0.017-0.019 wt%, Ni 0.08-0.011 wt%, Sn 0.005-0.04 wt%, and Fe and inevitable impurity for the rest. Its production process includes the following steps: smelting, continuously casting to form 1-5 mm thick band and winding; solid solution treatment at 1050-1150 deg.c for 5-8 min; pickling, cold rolling, annealing at 1050-1100 deg.c for 3-8 min, re-pickling and cold rolling for the second time to reach required thickness. The present invention has utilization of Sn in waste steel, reduced residual ferrite, reduced nickel consumption, lowered production cost and raised comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stainless manufacture method, particularly thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Stainless steel is with good solidity to corrosion, high thermal resistance, and high-strong toughness, exquisite appearance and good characteristics such as processing forming are widely used in aspects such as food machinery, sanitary facility, kitchen, building decoration, automobile, chemical industry and electric equipment products.In stainless steel market, the demand of stainless steel materials accounts for more than 80%, and this wherein main product is the stainless-steel cold-rolling thin plate.
The production technique of traditional Stainless Steel Band is by continuous casting, and hot rolling and cold rolling process are finished.The thickness of strand is 200mm in general traditional continuous casting process.Stainless hot rolling production technique has two kinds of continous way hot strip rolling mill and modern Steckel mills.These two kinds of production technique were identical at roughing mill in the past.The cross dimensions of steel billet mostly is (180-200mm) * (1050-2550) mm.Steel billet heats at walking beam heating furnace.The steel billet of coming out of the stove is back and forth rolling through carrying out 5～7 passages at the four roller reversible roughing mills that have edger roll behind the dephosphorize by high pressure water, is rolled down to 30 1 50mm, sends into finishing train or Steckel mill, is rolled down to finished product thickness, finishes the hot rolling production process of band steel.The production technique of stainless-steel cold-rolling band steel is mainly to be to soften on hot rolled strip continuous annealing pickling unit and remove iron scale and handle.Carry out cold rollingly then, the band steel after cold rolling carries out recrystallize softening annealing and pickling at cold-rolled steel strip continuous annealing pickling unit; The finished product cold rolled strip improves plate shape through smooth unit, through rip cutting (coil of strip delivery) or crosscut (spiral-plate delivery) unit, finishes the production of cold rolled strip.
Above-mentioned is the production technique of traditional stainless steel strip.In eighties of last century nineties, along with the development of thin plate blank continuously casting and continuously rolling technology, stainless steel also can be produced with continuous casting and rolling technique of sheet bar.This technology is compared maximum characteristics with traditional technology be that the strand of continuous casting is that (50～90mm), because strand is thin, the hot rolling unit does not need roughing mill (if the thick 50mm of base), or only needs 1 a rolling passage (base thick 70～90mm) of roughing mill.And roughing mill will roll the specification that several passages could be thinned to strand to be needed repeatedly in the traditional technology.Strand will advance roughing mill again through the overcooling post-heating in the traditional technology in addition, and continuous casting and rolling technique of sheet bar double teeming base is directly rolling without cooling, so the process furnace before the hot rolling unit only need be mended temperature.Therefore this technology has shortened flow process greatly than above-mentioned traditional technology, has reduced energy consumption.Saved the energy.
The continuous casting technology more advanced than thin slab is strip continuous casting technology, the principal feature of its production technique is exactly molten steel has the circulation cooling effect by a pair of inside a crystallization roller, outpour the thick Cast Strip of 1～5mm through supersolidification and slight directly watering after rolling, the Cast Strip can direct production go out hot rolled coil through the online hot rolling of a time (or not having hot rolling), so sheet-band continuous casting and rolling technology can be simplified production technique greatly, shortens the production cycle, obviously reduce energy consumption and production costs.Compare with continuous casting and rolling technique of sheet bar with traditional technology, the principal feature of thin strap continuous casting is that setting rate is fast, and very big change has taken place for the tissue of material and performance behind the rapid solidification.Therefore, the rolling technology of the follow-up cold rolling and thermal treatment of sheet-band continuous casting and rolling and flow process are had with traditional technology or sheet bar process be very different.Therefore strip continuous casting technology becomes the focus of various countries' metallurgy industry research and development in recent years.
In thin strap continuous casting was produced, because the chilling action of crystallization roller, alloy also solidified under the condition away from thermodynamic(al)equilibrium, and it is that delta ferrite has appearred in the stainless steel composition of austenite one phase originally that this nonequilibrium freezing makes.This is one of subject matter of thin strap continuous casting austenitic stainless steel.The aggravation of crackle tendency also caused pitting corrosion resistance to descend simultaneously when the ferrite in the austenitic stainless steel will make hot-work.The method of minimizing ferrite content commonly used is to improve the Ni/Cr equivalence ratio, will increase the amount of Ni like this, and cost is increased greatly.Therefore how to reduce ferrite content in the austenitic stainless steel and be and need the problem that solves in the austenitic stainless steel thin strap continuous casting technology.
In addition, in order to improve stainless comprehensive use properties, traditional technology comprises that sheet blank continuous casting even thin strap continuous casting generally all need hot rolling, and tissue and performance after the hot rolling are more even, and not only the intensity height of material but also plasticity might as well.Make the thin strap continuous casting stainless steel also can reach the performance that is not less than Cast Strip under the traditional technology without hot rolling if can develop a kind of production technique, production cost then reduces greatly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt and manufacture method thereof, by rational alloying constituent and technological design, utilize a spot of selenium, reduce the usage quantity of nickel, and reach the purpose of the ferrite content that reduces thin strap continuous casting stainless steel Cast Strip, improve the pitting corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of material simultaneously.
The steel grade that the present invention relates to is a 18-8 type Ni-Cr austenitic stainless steel.
A kind of thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt, its composition quality per-cent is: C 0.04～0.12, and Si 0.2～1, and Mn 0.8～2, P≤0.04, S≤0.03, Cr 0.017～0.019, Ni 0.08-0.011, Sn 0.005～0.04, and surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
One of characteristics of the present invention are to add Sn on conventional ingredient.
As everyone knows, the Sn element is acknowledged as the harmful element in the steel scrap, because the Sn element segregation is serious, even a spot of Sn also can be owing to being segregated in local a large amount of enrichment, causing is that defective such as crackle takes place, and therefore the content of Sn element is controlled by strictness in traditional technology.
Thin strap continuous casting is because rapid solidification, and element reduces greatly in interdendritic segregation, and therefore under the such processing condition of thin strap continuous casting, the amount ranges of Sn element can enlarge.Under the prerequisite that guarantees casting strip quality, the main purpose that adds Sn is to solve in the thin strap continuous casting austenitic stainless steel to separate out ferritic problem.
Referring to Fig. 1, shown in it relation of Sn element and mean heat flux.As seen from Figure 1, when the Sn add-on less than 0.04% the time, little to the influence of heat flow density.
Fig. 2 is the relation of Sn content and surfaceness.Because the crackle on surface, Cast Strip all is the fold place generation at the Cast Strip surface irregularity usually, a situation arises to characterize surface crack with surfaceness.If roughness is big, the probability height that takes place of crackle then.As shown in Figure 2, Sn content is increased in the surface quality that does not have the Cast Strip under the rapid solidification condition bad influence.
By the result of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as can be known, add Sn to the Cast Strip solidifying and surface quality produces detrimentally affect.Fig. 3 adds the influence of Sn element to the Cast Strip ferrite content.As seen, adding Sn can reduce the ferritic content in the austenitic stainless steel greatly.
What the present invention relates to is a kind of manufacturing process of 18-8 type Ni-Cr austenitic stainless steel cold-rolled plate band, particularly, a kind of manufacture method of thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt, it comprises the steps:
1) its composition quality per-cent is: C 0.04～0.12, and Si 0.2～1, and Mn 0.8～2, P≤0.04, and S≤0.03, Cr 0.017～0.019, Ni 0.08-0.011, Sn 0.005～0.04, and surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity;
2) press mentioned component and smelt, and continuous casting formation 1～5mm Cast Strip, batch;
3) solution treatment is carried out in the Cast Strip, solid solution temperature is 1050～1150 ℃, solution time 5～8min;
4) carry out pickling then, carry out cold rolling, cold rolling draft again greater than 40%;
5) the band steel after cold rolling is annealed, and annealing temperature is 1050～1100 ℃, and annealing time is 3～8min, and pickling and cold rolling reaches finished product thickness again;
6) the band steel after cold rolling is annealed, and annealing temperature is 1050～1100 ℃, and annealing time is 3～8min, and pickling again, smooth, rip cutting become the finished product volume.
Again, if finished product thickness requires as thin as a wafer repeating step 5) one or many.
In addition, step 2) temperature of batching is less than 600 ℃.
It is to improve the erosion resistance and the comprehensive mechanical performance of Stainless Steel Band that the present invention adopts above-mentioned main purpose cold rolling and thermal treatment process.We know that the Cast Strip of thin strap continuous casting explained hereafter compares with conventional continuous casting, and it is fast many that setting rate is wanted, and this maximum problem for producing 18-8 type Ni-Cr austenitic stainless steel is that the residual ferrite of high temperature is arranged in austenite inevitably.Why non-corrosive is exactly that if in the austenitic single phase structure ferritic phase has been arranged, stainless erosion resistance reduces greatly because be single phase structure to austenitic stainless steel.After having added Sn in the composition, ferritic amount significantly reduces, but can not eliminate at all.Therefore must further eliminate ferrite by follow-up thermal treatment process, improve the intergranular corrosion resistance and the over-all properties of steel simultaneously.
Through solution treatment, solid solution temperature was 1050～1150 ℃ after batched the Cast Strip among the present invention, the time 5～8min of solution treatment, and shrend then, its main purpose is to make carbide such as Cr
23C
6Be dissolved in the austenite, and this state is remained into room temperature, the solidity to corrosion of steel can be greatly improved like this, prevents intergranular corrosion.
Stainless steel after the solution treatment is cold rolling after overpickling, carries out high temperature annealing then.This is because 304 stainless steel strips produce deformation in cold rolling process, because deformation induced generation austenite is to Martensite Transformation, concurrent deformation causes subgrain and grain refining, thereby the intensity of stainless steel strip and hardness improve greatly.When very big lattice distortion and piling up of dislocations are caused through behind large deformation amount cold roller and deformed in the Cast Strip, and dislocation desity is very high, cause intensity hardness very high, but plasticity is very poor.In order to improve the plasticity of material, we have increased the high temperature annealing operation after cold rolling, stainless steel strip high temperature annealing after cold rolling produces replys, the dislocation setting in motion, producing climbs can make the jack per line edge dislocation be arranged in low-angle subgrain boundary perpendicular to the direction of slip plane, forms polygonization, dislocation desity is reduced greatly, and the reduction of dislocation desity causes intensity, hardness to reduce, and plasticity increases, and anisotropy improves.
In the present invention, the temperature of batching of Cast Strip is less than 600 ℃; The temperature of solution treatment is 1050～1150 ℃; Solution time 5～8min; Annealing temperature is 1050～1100 ℃; Annealing time is 3～8min.Cold rolling draft is greater than 40%, and the ferrite average content is less than 0.3%.
With the Cast Strip of thin strap continuous casting without hot-rolled process, the σ of finished product
sCan be greater than 240Mpa, σ
mCan be greater than 630Mpa, the unit elongation of material is greater than 52%.
The difference of the present invention and prior art and improvements;
U.S. Patent number US5281284 discloses a kind of method with thin strap continuous casting explained hereafter 18-8Cr-Ni Stainless Steel Band, the composition of its alloy is the 18-8Cr-Ni stainless steel, and wherein at least two kinds of summations or a kind of composition reach 0.01-1% among alloy element Al, Ti, Nb, Zr, La, Ca, the Nd; Or the alloying element Mg in the composition, Ca, at least two kinds of summations of B or a kind of composition reach 0.001-1%.Its production technique is: less than the thick Cast Strip of 10mm, solidify under 100 ℃/s speed of cooling the Cast Strip with the cast of thin strap continuous casting technology, and keep 5sec-2min at 900-1250 ℃, is cooled to 600 ℃-900 ℃ with 10 ℃/s speed then, and batches at＜=600 ℃.The Cast Strip that produces twists under the temperature that is higher than 850 ℃ anneals, and annealing guarantees austenite crystal 50um, carries out pickling and cold-rolling then.
The present invention also is with thin strap continuous casting explained hereafter 18-8Cr-Ni stainless steel, but the present invention and above-mentioned patent difference are:
1) the present invention has added Sn in composition, be used for reducing ferrite content, and above-mentioned patent does not relate to Sn.
2) Cast Strip keeps 5sec～2min at 900～1250 ℃ in this invention, and being cooled to 600～900 ℃ main purpose with 10 ℃/s speed then is for on-line solution; But the continuity that in fact is production on a tinuous production is most important, can't guarantee the hold-time, so the solution treatment effect is bad, and the stability of casting strip quality can't guarantee in other words.
Solution treatment operation of the present invention is to carry out after cooling is batched in the Cast Strip, can guarantee the effect and the quality of stability of solid solution like this.
3) cold-rolling process is also different, the annealing temperature of above-mentioned prior art is greater than 850 ℃, annealing temperature of the present invention will be higher than 1000 ℃, the present invention increases process annealing at cold rolling in addition, purpose is for softening steel band, cold rolling of strip steel can be arrived thinner specification, and cold rolling back increase annealing operation, with plasticity and the minimizing ferrite content that improves material.
Application No. US5,284,535 have announced a kind of production method of 304 austenic stainless steel belts.This invention is the method cast austenitic stainless steel with twin-roll thin strip continuous casting, then the Cast Strip is cooled to the austenite one phase district; Anneal in austenite and ferritic two-phase region or ferritic single phase region and to be cooled to the austenite one phase district then and to carry out cold rolling.Annealing temperature is at 1200-1400 ℃, and said process carries out 2 times at least, and this circulation heating can the refinement precipitate, improves performance.With above-mentioned patent difference be the annealing temperature of not inventing below 1200 ℃, and solution treatment is arranged before annealing.Composition of the present invention is also different with above-mentioned patent simultaneously.
Application No. US6,099,665 discloses the stainless method of a kind of thin strap continuous casting Cr-Ni, thin strap continuous casting is less than the 10mm Cast Strip, and the Cast Strip is online carries out hot rolling at 1000～1150 ℃, and the hot rolled draft is 10～50%, and keep 5sec at 1050-1150 ℃, guarantee abundant recrystallize; To batch to 600 ℃ of degree and at 600 ℃ from 900 ℃ less than speed then with 20 ℃/s.The present invention does not need online hot rolling, has saved hot-rolled process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
Sn is the harmful element in the steel scrap, is difficult to remove, and the Sn in the steel scrap can be utilized in the present invention, and a spot of Sn has just played remaining ferritic effect in the minimizing steel.Can reduce the consumption of nickel in the production like this, greatly reduce production cost.
Without hot-rolled process, the Cast Strip is through direct cold rolling after the solution treatment in the production technique of the present invention, and is equipped with high-temperature annealing process, reached the effect that can reach with hot-rolled process equally.Owing to saved hot-rolled process, greatly reduce the cost of investment and the running cost of equipment, make the production process simple and stable, be easy to control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of Sn element and mean heat flux relation;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of Sn content and surfaceness relation;
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are respectively and do not add and add the synoptic diagram of Sn element to the influence of Cast Strip ferrite content;
Fig. 4 is the ferrite content of cost behind the stainless-steel cold-rolling;
Fig. 5 is the intergranular corrosion of finished product cold rolling strap;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram of unit of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment composition sees Table 1, and operational path sees Table 2.In the operational path of table 2, all need pickling process before cold rolling process 1 and the cold rolling process 2.
Referring to Fig. 6, the molten steel that will meet the composition requirement enters in the water-cooled crystallization roller 5 of rotation and the molten bath that side seal board 5 forms through tundish 2 and submerged nozzle 3 from ladle 1, cooling through water-cooled crystallization roller 4 forms 1～5mm Cast Strip 6, the Cast Strip is through pinch roll 7 and rollgang 8 and cooling controller 9, make the temperature of Cast Strip be lower than 600 ℃, through pinch roll 10 before batching, enter reeling machine 11 then.The Cast Strip of unloading volume from reeling machine is through being incubated 5～8min in 1050～1150 ℃ of temperature ranges, air cooling carries out solution treatment then.Cold rolling through carrying out after the Cast Strip pickling of solution treatment; Cold rolling draft is greater than 40%.Band steel after cold rolling is annealed in bell type annealing furnace, and annealing temperature is 1050～1100 ℃, and annealing time is 3～8min.Pickling and the cold rolling target finished product thickness that meets the requirements of again after the annealing.The band steel that will reach target thickness is annealed in bell type annealing furnace once more, and annealing temperature is 1050～1100 ℃, and annealing time is 3～8min.Pickling is smooth then, rip cutting or crosscut finished product.
The flow process of technology is: thin strap continuous casting 1～5mm Cast Strip-cooling controller reaches target temperature-batch-solution treatment-(pickling-cold rolling-annealing)-pickling-smooth-rip cutting-finished product volume.Content in the above-mentioned operation bracket is determined number of times according to the thickness requirement of finished product, can be once, and also can twice even three times.
Specific embodiment and implementation result see Table 3.
Table 1 composition unit: mass percent
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Sn | Fe |
| 1 | 0.12 | 0.68 | 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.0190 | 0.085 | 0.008 | |
| 2 | 0.06 | 0.70 | 1.45 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.0170 | 0.011 | 0.005 | Surplus |
| 3 | 0.07 | 0.68 | 1.56 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.0186 | 0.080 | 0.040 | |
| 4 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 1.67 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.0183 | 0.089 | 0.020 | |
| 5 | 0.04 | 0.60 | 1.63 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.0178 | 0.095 | 0.010 | |
| 6 | 0.05 | 0.50 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 0.018 | 0.010 | 0.030 | |
| 7 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 1.80 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 0.0175 | 0.010 | 0.025 | Surplus |
| 8 (Comparative Examples) | 0.05 | 0.68 | 1.60 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 0.0175 | 0.095 | 0 | Surplus |
Table 2 processing parameter
| Scheme | Solid solubility temperature ℃ | Solution time min | Cold rolling 1 | Annealing temperature 1 | Annealing time 1 | Cold rolling 2 | |
|
| 1 | 1050 | 8 | 40％ | 1050 | 8 | 45％ | 1060 | 5 |
| 2 | 1150 | 5 | 45％ | 1100 | 5 | 40％ | 1100 | 7 |
| 3 | 1080 | 7 | 50％ | 1080 | 3 | 45％ | 1050 | 4 |
Table 3 embodiment and implementation result
| Embodiment | Testing program | σs(MPa) | σ m(MPa) | δ(％) | Ferrite content % |
| 1 | Composition 1+ scheme 1 | 265 | 663 | 55 | 0.25 |
| 2 | |
268 | 662 | 58 | 0.29 |
| 3 | Composition 3+ |
262 | 670 | 52 | 0.2 |
| 4 | |
270 | 680 | 53 | 0.23 |
| 5 | |
242 | 630 | 57 | 0.26 |
| 6 | |
250 | 673 | 58 | 0.23 |
| 7 | |
280 | 690 | 59 | 0.25 |
| 8 | |
260 | 660 | 56 | 0.2 |
| 9 | |
268 | 668 | 55 | 0.24 |
| 10 | |
265 | 676 | 57 | 0.2 |
| Comparative Examples (traditional technology) | 240～350 | 590～690 | 50～60 | ||
| Comparative Examples (no Sn) | |
260 | 680 | 52 | 0.5％ |
As shown in Table 3, composition of the present invention and technology have been passed through, the σ of cold rolling finished product
sCan be greater than 240MPa, σ
mGreater than 630Mpa; The unit elongation of material is greater than 52%.Fig. 4 is a ferrite in the band steel of cold rolling back, and Fig. 5 is the corrodibility of cold rolling back band steel.As can be seen, the ferrite content of material obviously reduces, and the corrodibility of material improves.The quality of the band steel of explained hereafter of the present invention is not less than the quality of traditional technology band steel.
Claims (4)
1. thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt, its composition quality per-cent is: C 0.04～0.12, and Si 0.2～1, and Mn 0.8～2, P≤0.04, S≤0.03, Cr 0.017～0.019, Ni 0.08-0.011, Sn 0.005～0.04, and surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the manufacture method of a thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt, it comprises the steps:
1) its composition quality per-cent is: C 0.04～0.12, and Si 0.2～1, and Mn 0.8～2, P≤0.04, and S≤0.03, Cr 0.017～0.019, Ni 0.08-0.011, Sn 0.005～0.04, and surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity;
2) press mentioned component and smelt, and continuous casting formation 1～5mm Cast Strip, batch;
3) solution treatment is carried out in the Cast Strip, solid solution temperature is 1050～1150 ℃, solution time 5～8min;
4) carry out pickling then, carry out cold rolling, cold rolling draft again greater than 40%;
5) the band steel after cold rolling is annealed, and annealing temperature is 1050-1100 ℃, and annealing time is 3～8min, and pickling and cold rolling reaches finished product thickness again;
6) the band steel after cold rolling is annealed, and annealing temperature is 1050-1100 ℃, and annealing time is 3～8min, and pickling again, smooth, rip cutting become the finished product volume.
3. the manufacture method of thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, if finished product thickness requires as thin as a wafer repeating step 5) one or many.
4. the manufacture method of thin belt continuous casting austenitic stainless steel belt as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) temperature of batching is less than 600 ℃.
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