CN101146322B - Inter-domain negotiation method for guaranteeing end-to-end service quality - Google Patents

Inter-domain negotiation method for guaranteeing end-to-end service quality Download PDF

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CN101146322B
CN101146322B CN2006101271608A CN200610127160A CN101146322B CN 101146322 B CN101146322 B CN 101146322B CN 2006101271608 A CN2006101271608 A CN 2006101271608A CN 200610127160 A CN200610127160 A CN 200610127160A CN 101146322 B CN101146322 B CN 101146322B
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service
service quality
quality
policy
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CN101146322A (en
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李振东
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses an inter-field consultative method that ensures end-to-end service quality, which includes: step A, when the session authorization from the access network to the terminal multi-media subsystem is over, the terminal sends service quality signal to the equipment on the session end before media transmission between the two ends; step B, the service quality signal passes through the external IP backbone network with service quality control function; service quality consultation is conducted between the IP backbone network and the access network; step C, the service quality signal reaches the equipment on the opposite end of the target network. PDP of the access network does not require configuration of BCF information of the external IP backbone network, nor does it need to recognize the relations between the PEP in the session path and the external IP network. When multiple IP backbone networks exist on the session path, this advantage is more obvious; when the IP backbone network on the session path doesn't have QoS capability, the QoS signal will pass transparently without being processed thus bringing no impact to the consultation process.

Description

Guarantee the inter-domain negotiation method of end-to-end quality of service
Technical field
The present invention relates to service quality (Quality of Service, QoS) assurance of the third generation (The 3rd Generation) mobile communcations system.Relate in particular to a kind of core network side that arrives, end-to-end quality of service guarantees and inter-domain negotiation method.
Background technology
Along with the development of wireless technology, mobile communication can not only provide traditional speech business, and various multimedia application are provided simultaneously.Under this background, 3GPP and 3GPP2 organize all the IP multimedia subsystem, IMS that successively proposed based on the ALL IP network (IPmultimedia subsystem, IMS).IMS is the call control system of an application layer, and it is to be superimposed upon packet domain (PacketSwitch is on PS).In this system, IMS provides the signaling control of the application layer of session, and PS is responsible in the territory providing carrying.
That Fig. 1 has shown is end-to-end (End-to-End, in IMS session E2E), the overall construction drawing between IMS territory and the PS domain network element.During the simplification, a lot of and incoherent network element of the present invention has all omitted.Among the figure, what dotted line was represented is signaling flow, and what solid line was represented is Media Stream.
Session QoS guarantees it finally is to lean on the bearer network of bottom to realize.In the negotiation of IMS session, IMS application layer use authority mechanism is finished the control to the bearing resource of bottom.Application layer can be passed through policy decision point to the mandate of carrying, and (PolicyDecision Point, (Policy Enforcement Point, PEP), the final realization of the policy enforcement point PEP of access network controlled session QoS PDP) to be sent to policy enforcement point.In the 3GPP standard, this licensing scheme be defined as local policy based on business (Service Based Local Policy, SBLP), in the 3GPP2 standard, this licensing scheme be defined as based on the carrying of strategy control (Service Based Bearer Control, SBBC).In this licensing scheme, policy decision point PDP can be the network element strategy decisive function (Policy Decision Function, PDF), or "Policy and Charging Rules Function (Policy and Charging Rule Function, PCRF); In the 3GPP standard, policy enforcement point PEP can be the GGSN network element, and in the 3GPP2 standard, policy enforcement point PEP can be the AGW/PDSN network element.
The medium of session finally will be exhaled network rising, and transmit between IP backbone network and the end call network.
Present problem is: rise exhale with end call network in, QoS is can be guaranteed; But the network branch of working as session two ends is in two territories and this two territories do not have direct physical connection, need connect by one or more external IP backbone networks.At this moment, how qos policy being applied to the external IP backbone network, satisfying the demand of QoS to guarantee the resource on the end-to-end path, is a very important problem.
We can see in Fig. 1, and in the process of IMS session, the external IP backbone network does not participate in.What in fact IMS signaling and medium may pass through is different external IP backbone networks.Therefore, in order to guarantee QoS demand end to end, QoS negotiation mechanism between a kind of effective territory must be arranged.
In the prior art, to Access Network fall and the IP backbone network between QoS consult that 4 kinds of methods are arranged, wherein first method is the participation that does not need qos signaling, then three kinds all need qos signaling to consult:
1, the PS territory does not have qos signaling
This method is as shown in Figure 2, be characterized on media path end to end, between the IP backbone network, IP backbone network and pulbic land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN) there has been the QoS relation to have the (service level agreement that consults in advance (Service Level Agreement between in advance, SLA)), do not need to consult QoS temporarily.Its general configuration of adopting static state.
The defective of this method is: in this pattern, the IP backbone network does not have resouce controller, and this can provide the network that service quality guarantees for one and be improper, and the QoS relation can only static configuration can not dynamic negotiation, do not have flexibility;
2, Off-Path model, offline mode
This method is as shown in Figure 3, and (BearerControl Function BCF), is used for the management and the distribution of resource to be characterized in a resouce controller-bearer control function being arranged the IP backbone network.The feature of this kind framework is: strategic decision-making node PDP links to each other with outer net resouce controller BCF, finishes the mutual of signaling decision-making level and consults, and signaling is separated at two passes with data.Rise exhale and end call network between the path on, may have a plurality of IP backbones, each IP backbone network has resouce controller BCF separately.
The defective of this method is:
May need to build separately signaling network between BCF and PDP, engineering is very big.
Policy decision point PDP need be the function of OFF-PATH mode expansion oneself, as disposes all outer net resource manager information, and corresponding route.
Policy decision point PDP need know which IP backbone network can appear at end to end on the path, and PDP can know that just the BCF with which external network holds consultation like this.This configuration will be very complicated.
3, On-Path pattern
This method is as shown in Figure 4, be characterized in: resouce controller is not set in the IP backbone, inter-domain resource is consulted to be initiated to the edge router of external network by responsible network elements to outer net transmission data medium such as PEP, and signaling paths is the same with the data medium path.At present main QoS consults signaling and the negotiation means comprise use RSVP serial protocols, MPLS-TE agreement and reaction type machinery of consultation.
The defective of this method is: this method has solved the PS territory does not have static configuration problem in the qos signaling pattern, is still its defective but lack QoS control network element in the IP network.
4, Hybrid hybrid mode
This method is as shown in Figure 5, is characterized in: to direct-connected and responsible network element to outer net transmission data medium is configured with outer net in the Access Network, it is possessed with the outer net resouce controller carry out the function that QoS consults.This network element is initiated the bearing resource request to outer net resouce controller BCF, and can consult to decide data flow by both party obtain the access permission on the network externally.
The defective of this method is: though this method has solved some problems of off-path pattern.But some major defects of off-path pattern still exist: need be in PEP the BCF of configuration of IP backbone network, how to judge which IP backbone network can appear on the path.
Summary of the invention
Defective and deficiency at the prior art existence, the invention provides a kind of before multi media sub-system conversation begins, on path end to end, realize the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service of quality of service negoriation between access network and the IP backbone network.
For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service comprises the steps:
Steps A, after the multi media sub-system conversation mandate end of Access Network to terminal, medium are before transmitting between the two ends, and terminal is sent service quality signal to the session opposite equip.;
Step B, described service quality signal pass through the external IP backbone network with service quality control function; The border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the external IP backbone network comes out to be transmitted to the network resource manager of external IP backbone network with the content extraction in the service quality signal of receiving, the network resource manager of IP backbone and described Access Network carry out quality of service negoriation;
Step C, described service quality signal arrives the opposite equip. of purpose network.
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, described steps A specifically comprises the steps:
Steps A 1, terminal sends service quality signal to the opposite equip. of multi media sub-system conversation, has comprised the QoS parameter of session this time in this signaling, and this signaling at first is sent to the policy enforcement point of the Access Network of terminal;
Steps A 2 after policy enforcement point is received service quality signal, extracts QoS parameter, sends to policy decision point; Policy decision point sends acknowledge message to policy enforcement point after judging that QoS parameter meets mandate, and this acknowledge message has comprised the strategic decision-making dot address;
Steps A 3 after policy enforcement point is received acknowledge message, is revised service quality signal, inserts the strategic decision-making dot address, continues then to transmit.
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, described step B specifically comprises the steps:
Step B2 after the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the external IP backbone network is received service quality signal, comes out to send to the network resource manager of external IP backbone network with content extraction wherein;
Step B3 after the network resource manager of IP backbone is received the service quality signal content, according to wherein strategic decision-making dot address and QoS parameter, consults to the policy decision point initiating QoS;
Step B4, consult successfully after, policy decision point is stored the address of the network resource manager of described external IP backbone network, network resource manager sends acknowledge message to described border router with policy enforcement point function; Step B5 after the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the external IP backbone network is received acknowledge message, continues service quality signal to the destination route.
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, described service quality signal passes through some external IP backbone networks with service quality control function; Each external IP backbone network all carries out quality of service negoriation with described Access Network;
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, when described purpose network is that described step C specifically comprises the steps: when having the non-IP multimedia subsystem, IMS general network of quality of service capabilities
Step C1, the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the purpose network is received service quality signal;
Step C2, the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in this purpose network comes out the service quality signal content extraction, sends to purpose network of network explorer;
Step C3 after this purpose network of network explorer is received the service quality signal content, according to wherein strategic decision-making dot address and QoS parameter, consults to the policy decision point initiating QoS;
Step C4, consult successfully after, policy decision point is stored described purpose network of network explorer address, described purpose network of network explorer has the policy enforcement point function in the purpose network border router sends acknowledge message;
Step C5 after the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the described purpose network is received acknowledge message, routes to opposite equip. with service quality signal.
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, when described purpose network is the multi-media subsystem network with quality of service capabilities, or when not having the non-IP multimedia subsystem, IMS general network of quality-of-service mechanisms, described step C is specially: after service quality signal arrived the purpose network, directly route was given opposite equip..
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, behind described step C, also comprise a service quality step of updating D, be specially:
Step D1, the bearer quality of service update request of terminal initiation session;
Step D2, the policy enforcement point of Access Network is forwarded to policy decision point with this update request;
Step D3, policy decision point bearer quality of service licensing process;
Step D4, after authorizing end, policy decision point is according to being the network resource manager address that this session is preserved, quality of service negoriation between the beginning territory;
Step D5, after consulting to finish, policy decision point sends license confirmation to policy enforcement point;
Step D6, policy enforcement point sends carrying to terminal and sets up affirmation.
Preferably: in the described inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service, behind described step D, also comprise the deletion step e of a service quality authorization, be specially:
Step e 1, application function are deleted to the mandate of policy decision point initiating QoS according to session progress;
Step e 2, policy decision point sends bearer quality of service mandate deletion to policy enforcement point;
Step e 3, policy decision point are according to the network resource manager address of preserving for this session, and service quality is deleted between the beginning territory;
Step e 4, policy enforcement point confirms to authorize deletion message to policy decision point;
Step e 5, policy decision point are confirmed to confirm to authorize deletion message to application function;
Step e 6, policy enforcement point are taken action and are discharged the carrying of session.
Advantage of the present invention: very flexible, the PDP policy decision point of access network does not need the information of the explorer BCF of configuring external IP backbone network, simultaneously do not need to know the relation between the policy enforcement point PEP and external IP backbone network in the session path yet, and when having a plurality of IP backbone network on the session path, this advantage is more obvious; When the IP backbone network did not have the QoS ability on the session path, this qos signaling did not process transparent passing through, and can not have influence on the process of negotiation like this; At last, when IMS domain node and non-IMS domain node (going up node) when carrying out Multimedia session as Internet, non-IMS territory does not have the application layer in similar IMS territory and the QoS interaction mechanism between the bearing bed (as the SBLP of 3GPP in the existing session flow process, the SBBC of 3GPP2), adopt technology of the present invention this moment, still can solve the QoS negotiation problem between the territory.
Description of drawings
That Fig. 1 has shown is end-to-end (End-to-End, in IMS session E2E), the overall construction drawing between IMS territory and the PS domain network element;
Fig. 2 is the network architecture diagram that QoS ensures between the territory under the existing no QoS pattern;
Fig. 3 is for having the network architecture diagram that QoS ensures between the territory under the OFF-PATH pattern now;
Fig. 4 is the network architecture diagram that QoS ensures between the territory under the On-PATH pattern;
Fig. 5 is the network architecture diagram that QoS ensures between the territory under the Hybrid pattern;
Fig. 6 is among the present invention, and access network and backbone network QoS consult schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is among the present invention, and the session destination is the SIP network of non-IMS, and when explorer was arranged, QoS consulted schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is among the present invention, and process is sent in the qos signaling in the Access Network;
Fig. 9 is among the present invention, the processing procedure when the external IP backbone network with Qos controlled function is passed through in qos signaling;
Figure 10 is among the present invention, and qos signaling arrives destination network, and this moment, the purpose network was the IMS network with QoS ability, or the processing procedure when not having the non-IMS general network of QoS mechanism;
Figure 11 is among the present invention, and qos signaling arrives destination network, the processing procedure when this moment, the purpose network was the non-IMS SIP network with QoS ability;
Figure 12 is among the present invention, the QoS renewal process of carrying;
Figure 13 is among the present invention, the delete procedure that QoS authorizes;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention guarantees the inter-domain negotiation method of end-to-end quality of service, comprises the steps:
Steps A, after the multi media sub-system conversation mandate end of Access Network to terminal, medium are before transmitting between the two ends, and terminal is sent service quality signal to the session opposite equip.;
Step B, described service quality signal pass through the external IP backbone network with service quality control function; IP backbone and described Access Network carry out quality of service negoriation;
Step C, described service quality signal arrives the opposite equip. of purpose network.
With reference to accompanying drawing 8, process is sent in the qos signaling in the Access Network:
Step 201: request is set up in the carrying of terminal UE initiation session;
Step 202: the policy enforcement point PEP and the policy decision point PDP of access network begin to carry the QoS licensing process, and its process may relate to the participation of application function AF, do not draw during simple among the figure;
Step 203: policy enforcement point PEP sends carrying to UE and sets up affirmation, and the inside has comprised prompting: terminal UE sends IP territory qos signaling to the session peer node;
Step 204: after terminal UE is received affirmation, be the destination, send the qos signaling of IP network, wherein comprised qos parameter, session information with the session peer node;
Step 205: after policy enforcement point PEP receives qos signaling, directly do not transmit, but content extraction is wherein come out, send to policy decision point PDP;
Step 206: policy decision point PDP judges whether qos parameter meets mandate, if meet, then returns message authentication to PEP, and has comprised pdp address message in the message after receiving the message of PEP transmission;
Step 207: after policy enforcement point PEP receives the affirmation message of PDP, revise the qos signaling of receiving, add pdp address message from terminal UE;
Step 208: policy enforcement point PEP with amended IP qos signaling to session peer node route;
With reference to accompanying drawing 9, the processing when the external IP backbone network with Qos controlled function is passed through in qos signaling:
Step 301:QoS signaling arrives the border router BR with PEP function of external IP backbone network;
Step 302: this PEP/BR does not directly transmit this QoS message, and content extraction is wherein come out, and is transmitted to the explorer BCF of external IP backbone network;
Step 303: after explorer BCF received message, according to access network policy decision point pdp address wherein, and qos parameter and PDP initiated the QoS negotiations process, consult successfully after, policy decision point PDP can store this BCF address for session;
Step 304: if consult successfully, BCF sends acknowledge message to PEP/BR;
After step 305:PEP/BR receives acknowledge message, continuation with this IP qos signaling to session peer node route;
With reference to accompanying drawing 10, qos signaling arrives the processing of destination network, and this moment, the purpose network was the IMS network with QoS ability, or did not have the non-IMS general network of QoS mechanism.
Step 401:QoS signaling is not handled after arriving the purpose network, but directly route is given UE.When being in the common IP network that does not have QoS mechanism for UE, PEP among Fig. 9 and volume PDP do not have.
With reference to accompanying drawing 11, qos signaling arrives the processing of destination network, and this moment, the purpose network was the common IP network (being the non-IMS terminal of peer node) with QoS ability.
Step 501:QoS signaling arrives the border router BR with PEP function of destination network;
Step 502: this PEP/BR does not directly transmit this QoS message, and content extraction is wherein come out, and is transmitted to the explorer BCF of purpose IP network;
Step 503: after explorer BCF received message, according to access network policy decision point pdp address wherein, and qos parameter and PDP initiated the QoS negotiations process, consult successfully after, policy decision point PDP can store this BCF address for session;
Step 504: if consult successfully, BCF sends acknowledge message to PEP/BR;
After step 505:PEP/BR receives acknowledge message, this IP qos signaling is routed to the session peer node;
With reference to accompanying drawing 12, the QoS renewal process of carrying
Step 601: the carrying QoS update request of terminal UE initiation session;
Step 602: the policy enforcement point PEP of access network is forwarded to policy decision point PDP with request;
Step 603: policy decision point PDP begins to carry the QoS licensing process, and its process may relate to the participation of application function AF, does not draw during simple among the figure;
Step 604: after authorizing end, PDP is according to being the explorer BCF address that this session is preserved, and QoS consults between the beginning territory.
Step 605: after consulting to finish, policy decision point PDP sends license confirmation to PEP;
Step 606: policy enforcement point PEP sends carrying to UE and sets up affirmation;
Delete procedure with reference to accompanying drawing 13QoS mandate:
Step 701: application function is initiated QoS to policy decision point PDP and is authorized deletion according to session progress;
Step 702: policy decision point PDP sends carrying QoS to policy enforcement point PEP and authorizes deletion;
Step 703: policy decision point PDP is according to the explorer BCF address of preserving for this session, and QoS deletes between the beginning territory.(step 702 and step 703 can concurrently be carried out);
Step 704: policy enforcement point PEP confirms to authorize deletion message to policy decision point PDP;
Step 705: policy decision point PDP confirms to confirm to authorize deletion message to application function AF;
Step 706: policy enforcement point PEP takes action and discharges the carrying of session.
The present invention can have a lot of variations in the specific implementation:
When terminal sent the Qos signaling, qos parameter wherein can not add, because Qos consults to occur between PDP and the BCF between final territory, and PDP has had the session QoS authorization parameter in the resource authorization process.Terminal sends in the qos signaling, and the benefit of carrying qos parameter is to reduce inquiry number of times when consulting QoS between PDP and the BCF
When terminal did not send the ability of qos signaling, the PEP node can replace terminal to send qos signaling
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. an inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service comprises the steps:
Steps A, after the multi media sub-system conversation mandate end of Access Network to terminal, medium are before transmitting between the two ends, and terminal is sent service quality signal to the session opposite equip.;
Step B, described service quality signal pass through the external IP backbone network with service quality control function; The border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the external IP backbone network comes out to be transmitted to the network resource manager of external IP backbone network with the content extraction in the service quality signal of receiving, the network resource manager of IP backbone and described access network policy decision point are carried out quality of service negoriation;
Step C, described service quality signal arrives the opposite equip. of purpose network.
2. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 1 is characterized in that described steps A specifically comprises the steps:
Steps A 1, terminal sends service quality signal to the opposite equip. of multi media sub-system conversation, has comprised the QoS parameter of session this time in this signaling, and this signaling at first is sent to the policy enforcement point of the Access Network of terminal;
Steps A 2 after policy enforcement point is received service quality signal, extracts QoS parameter, sends to policy decision point; Policy decision point sends acknowledge message to policy enforcement point after judging that QoS parameter meets mandate, and this acknowledge message has comprised the strategic decision-making dot address;
Steps A 3 after policy enforcement point is received acknowledge message, is revised service quality signal, inserts the strategic decision-making dot address, continues then to transmit.
3. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described step B specifically comprises the steps:
Step B2 after the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the external IP backbone network is received service quality signal, comes out to send to the network resource manager of external IP backbone network with content extraction wherein;
Step B3 after the network resource manager of IP backbone is received the service quality signal content, according to wherein strategic decision-making dot address and QoS parameter, consults to the policy decision point initiating QoS;
Step B4, consult successfully after, policy decision point is stored the address of the network resource manager of described external IP backbone network, network resource manager sends acknowledge message to described border router with policy enforcement point function;
Step B5 after the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the external IP backbone network is received acknowledge message, continues service quality signal to the destination route.
4. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described service quality signal passes through some external IP backbone networks with service quality control function; Each external IP backbone network all carries out quality of service negoriation with described Access Network.
5. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when described purpose network is that described step C specifically comprises the steps: when having the non-IP multimedia subsystem, IMS general network of quality of service capabilities
Step C1, the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the purpose network is received service quality signal;
Step C2, the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in this purpose network comes out the service quality signal content extraction, sends to purpose network of network explorer;
Step C3 after this purpose network of network explorer is received the service quality signal content, according to wherein strategic decision-making dot address and QoS parameter, consults to the policy decision point initiating QoS;
Step C4, consult successfully after, policy decision point is stored described purpose network of network explorer address, described purpose network of network explorer has the policy enforcement point function in the purpose network border router sends acknowledge message;
Step C5 after the border router that has the policy enforcement point function in the described purpose network is received acknowledge message, routes to opposite equip. with service quality signal.
6. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when described purpose network is the multi-media subsystem network with quality of service capabilities, or when not having the non-IP multimedia subsystem, IMS general network of quality-of-service mechanisms, described step C is specially: after service quality signal arrived the purpose network, directly route was given opposite equip..
7. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises a service quality step of updating D behind described step C, is specially:
Step D1, the bearer quality of service update request of terminal initiation session;
Step D2, the policy enforcement point of Access Network is forwarded to policy decision point with this update request;
Step D3, policy decision point bearer quality of service licensing process;
Step D4, after authorizing end, policy decision point is according to being the network resource manager address that this session is preserved, quality of service negoriation between the beginning territory;
Step D5, after consulting to finish, policy decision point sends license confirmation to policy enforcement point;
Step D6, policy enforcement point sends carrying to terminal and sets up affirmation.
8. the inter-domain negotiation method of guaranteeing end-to-end quality of service according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises the deletion step e of a service quality authorization behind described step D, is specially:
Step e 1, application function are deleted to the mandate of policy decision point initiating QoS according to session progress;
Step e 2, policy decision point sends bearer quality of service mandate deletion to policy enforcement point;
Step e 3, policy decision point are according to the network resource manager address of preserving for this session, and service quality is deleted between the beginning territory;
Step e 4, policy enforcement point confirms to authorize deletion message to policy decision point;
Step e 5, policy decision point are confirmed to confirm to authorize deletion message to application function;
Step e 6, policy enforcement point are taken action and are discharged the carrying of session.
CN2006101271608A 2006-09-08 2006-09-08 Inter-domain negotiation method for guaranteeing end-to-end service quality Expired - Fee Related CN101146322B (en)

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