CN101146129B - Sensor network and communication method for realizing node software based on middleware - Google Patents
Sensor network and communication method for realizing node software based on middleware Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-information fusion wireless sensor network of a multi-type probe with routing networking capability and a communication method and, pertains to the wireless sensor network field. Sensor node hardware comprises a processor, a radio frequency module, a memory, a sensor probe and a power module. Sensor node software includes a network protocol stack, a standard interface drive module, an information exchange processing module and an upper layer application related logic module, wherein, a standard interface drive program layer comprising the standard interface drive module is on the network protocol stack and each standard interface corresponds with a drive program module; an information exchange processing layer comprising the information exchange processing module is in charge of reading out data from each standard interface, converting the data format and performing data fusion processing to the data from a plurality of sensors and time synchronization to the sensor nodes at regular intervals and uploading the processed data to an application layer for further processing; the bottom layer hardware is separated from the upper application by a middleware layer; the network is formed in multi-hop type among the sensor nodes, as well as between the sensor nodes and aggregation nodes. The invention can improve the sensor network system expansion convenience and reduce the processing complexity of multi-type data detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to realize the sensor network and the communication means of node software, belong to the wireless sensor network field based on middleware thought.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network---WSN) be self-organizing network and the wireless communication system that constitutes by a large amount of intensive autonomous nodes that are deployed in surveyed area.It combines the technology and the subject of large amount of complex, as sensor technology, embedded computing technique, network and communications technology, distributed system and distributed computing technology.It is multidisciplinary height intersect have a highly challenging forward position research field, also be the tool high-tech industry with broad prospects for development of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad.
In recent years, along with sensor technology, embedded technology and low-consumption wireless development of Communication Technique, wireless sensor network has used wireless sensor network technology all many-sides such as environmental monitoring, building structure monitoring, industrial intelligent control, battlefield surveillance and traffic flow monitoring with being widely used.That sensor network has is reliable, accurate, flexible, cheap, be easy to good characteristics such as deployment, and it is had broad application prospects, and therefore, sensor network is more and more paid close attention to.
But present wireless sensor network still exists following point to need to solve:
1. traditional sensor network nodes is integrated in microprocessor on the circuit board with the transducer probe, though increased reliability of nodes like this, has reduced the flexibility of systemic-function.The data type that detects when needs changes, and must make the circuit version again when perhaps the sensor node deployment environment changes, and new probe and microprocessor is incorporated into together, and needs to rewrite corresponding sensor node software.
2. current sensor node, some directly realizes the driver of the corresponding interface in embedded system, and carry out data acquisition and parsing according to the communication protocol that provided of probe, also have some nodes in embedded system, to transplant more existing embedded OSs as μ C/OS, TinyOS or the like, some API docking ports that utilize operating system to provide are afterwards operated, and realize that the communication protocol of corresponding probe finishes data collection task.Under this dual mode, upper level applications all need be revised code along with the change of sensor probe, thereby has brought great trouble for the expansion of system.
3. the important application of sensor network is that monitoring is used, such as field-crop monitoring, building monitoring, monitoring lake water quality etc.In these were used, node needed carry out perception to monitored target at interval at regular intervals, and the data of being gathered are sent to aggregation node in the mode of multi-hop got on.In same radio broadcasting zone, may cause serious bag collision, network congestion, packet loss, under serious situation even congestion collapse takes place.And the imbalance of load can further increase the weight of the degree of this ill effect between node, causes the energy consumption focus.The node of load too high can be because of ruing out of their electric energy premature dead rapidly, and may make whole network premature dead or at a standstill.In order to address this problem, must solve from the bottom of network.
4. present domestic existing sensor network, the EZ210 node of Institute of Computing Technology, CAS exploitation for example, sensor node directly links to each other with aggregation node in the networking process, whole network is a hub-and-spoke configuration shown in Figure 7, its network layer is too simple, can not be fit to large-scale wireless sensor node networking, not be suitable for the real-time detection target under the complex environment.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is the sensor node multi-hop route networking problem that solves under the large-scale sensor network, promotes sensor network system expansion convenience, and reduces processing complexity of multi-type data detection.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind ofly realize the sensor network of node software based on middleware thought, the network of forming by aggregation node and a plurality of sensor node, wherein:
The hardware of sensor node is made up of processor, radio-frequency module, memory, sensor probe and power module, and radio-frequency module, memory, sensor probe and processor link to each other, and power module provides power supply for each module;
The software kit includes network protocol stack of sensor node, standard interface driver module, information exchange processing module and upper layer application interrelated logic module, wherein, the standard interface driver layer that constitutes by the standard interface driver module on network protocol stack, the corresponding driver module of each standard interface; Be responsible for from each standard interface reading of data by the information exchange processing layer that the information exchange processing module constitutes, data are carried out format conversion, the data that a plurality of transducers transmit are carried out Data Fusion, and at certain time intervals sensor node is carried out time synchronized, afterwards the data upload of handling well is further handled to application layer;
The bottom hardware upper layer is isolated with middleware layer between using;
Constitute network with the multi-hop form between the sensor node and between sensor node and the aggregation node.
A kind of communication means in above-mentioned wireless sensor network comprises the steps:
After sensor node is gathered environmental data by probe, at first data are read in the memory by processor, data are divided framing, the additional frame header passes to wireless radio frequency modules, is sent with wireless form by this module;
At aggregation node or other sensor node places that is responsible for transmitting, by wireless radio frequency modules Data Receiving is come in, and generate interruption, notify the read data of the processor on this node, processor reads the reception buffer memory of wireless radio frequency modules;
If the sensor node of transmitting receives data, then message is forwarded according to own local routing table;
If aggregation node receives data, then data are read in and remove frame head, resolve, at last data are offered host computer by the RS232 interface and handle, finish whole communication process.
In implementing measure of the present invention:
Described middleware layer comprises Comm Mapping layer, Sensor Mapping layer, socket module, Local module, Remote module, Routing Module module, wherein:
Different hardware interface agreements shields by Comm Mapping layer, makes the operation of distinct interface to operate with uniform way;
The socket module provides unified operation-interface to upper layer application, overlaps operation-interface to what the next Comm of calling Mapping layer provided at one of the back unification of using of distinct interface shielding;
Shine upon by Sensor Mapping layer for the different sensors employed communication protocol of popping one's head in, make it to be mapped in the operation of standard socket;
The Local module is responsible for handling the corresponding operating at local resource that the socket module receives;
The Remote module is responsible for handling the use request to remote resource that the socket module receives;
Routing Module module generates routing table according to routing algorithm, is responsible for using the request routing forwarding to specified node remote resource.
Network layer, transmission control layer that described network protocol stack is transmitted by physical layer, media access control layer, responsible message routing are formed, wherein:
Physical layer is responsible for finishing the connection of Radio Link, guarantees that original data can finish transmission on physical medium;
The medium Access Layer is responsible for judging currently whether can send data to physical layer, if can send, then add control information to data message, data and control information are sent to physical layer with the form of stipulating, when receiving data, at first judge the information of input and whether error of transmission takes place, if there is not mistake, then removes control information and be sent to the upper strata again;
Network layer generates routing table according to the wireless sensor network topology information that gets access to, and after receiving message, according to destination address and local routing table message is transmitted, and finishes the point-to-point reliable transmission;
The effect of transmission control layer is that data message is added necessary header, comprises control information transmissions such as source address, destination address, sequence of message number, confirmation message sequence number, guarantees reliable transmission end to end.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. for upper layer application, the realization that bottom hardware interface and sensor probe are relevant all need not be concerned about, only need and use definition between the Application and be used for mutual data structure and can finish use, greatly improve the extended capability of wireless sensor network node sensing data at middleware middle ware.
2. the probe of sensor node can be changed in the mode of plug and play, according to the data type difference that will detect, can adjust the sensor probe that connects on the sensor node.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the hardware architecture framework of sensor node;
Fig. 2 is based on the sensor network nodes software architecture diagram of middleware thought;
Fig. 3 is sensor node whole software structure figure;
Fig. 4 is the sensor node network protocol stack;
Fig. 5 is the network topology that sensor node of the present invention forms with aggregation node;
Fig. 6 is that sensor node is with the aggregation node communication process.
Embodiment
Sensor network based on middleware thought realization node software of the present invention is a kind of network of being made up of aggregation node and a plurality of sensor node.
The overall construction drawing of its hardware as shown in Figure 1, sensor node by shown in the figure be the radio-frequency module realized of acp chip with nRF905, be that processor chips, the sheet of kernel carries memory ROM and RAM, eurypalynous sensor probe and power module are formed with ARM7.Radio-frequency module, memory, sensor probe and processor link to each other, and power module provides power supply for each module.The processor chips of sensor node are selected the microprocessor LPG2290 of the ARM7 kernel of being produced by Philip company for use, the nRF905 chip that the acp chip of wireless communication section selects for use Nordic company to produce, concrete plate-making and programmed method are seen the user's manual of this two chip.The I/O pin that wherein utilizes the ARM7 chip to provide can be realized standard interfaces such as RS232, SPI, UART and RS485.The radio communication aspect, the nRF905 chip has the C_Sense pin, can utilize this pin to realize carrier sense; And the nRF905 chip can also be provided with parameters such as communication frequency, transmitted power neatly, for the good communication of sensor node provides may.The present invention handles with the processor circuit version sensor probe as two independent parts, two parts connect by standard interface.Can overcome first problem of the prior art like this.
For overcoming second problem of the prior art, we use the wireless sensor network field with middleware thought, upper layer application is kept apart with the transducer operation and the interface protocol of bottom, make the change of transducer not influence the modification of application code, for the expansion of whole system provides convenient greatly.Therefore introducing middleware thought aspect its software, design middleware layer is used for isolating the application of the hardware upper layer of bottom, makes upper layer application to conduct interviews with the data of transparent way to bottom.This node middleware layer structure chart as shown in Figure 2.
The difference of hardware interface agreement shields by Comm Mapping layer (communication mapping layer), make distinct interface operation as open, close, operation such as reading and writing, query State can operate with uniform way.For example the RS232 serial ports according to the command system of its communication protocol and ARM7, register, the coding rule that interface relates to, is realized the communication protocol of RS232 interface.Data Receiving realizes with interrupt mode.When using the sensing probe access node of RS232 interface and processor communication, central stopping pregnancy can receive data after giving birth in the Interrupt Process function, and can perception have a probe to enter node by the connection of RS232 interface.The Interrupt Process function has data to import Sensor Mapping module into from bottom RS232 interface data encapsulation and the Receive interface notice Sensor Mapping module of calling Sensor Mapping (sensing mapping layer) module.
Then shine upon for the different sensors employed communication protocol of popping one's head in, make it to be mapped in the operation of standard socket by Sensor Mapping.At first, the data format descriptor file of read sensor probe when Sensor Mapping initialization, this document need comprise all sensing probes that may be connected to sensor node in this application.Secondly, after the SensorMapping module receives the data that Comm Mapping module sends, data are resolved, identify the probe type of access node.Once more, need in module, write down Sensor Mapping module probe information as shown in table 1 when for the first time receiving the data of particular probe by certain hardware interface, and the unique sign in distribution node inside, 32 IP addresses.
| IP | Physical Interface | Sensor Type |
| 192.168.0.1 | RS232n | ultraSonic |
| …… | …… | …… |
Table 1
Finish information registration in module after, the register interface by calling socket module (socket module) only need be registered the IP and the resource type of this resource to the socket module to socket module (socket module) registration resource information.The resource information sheet format is as shown in table 2.
| Source IP | Source Type |
| 192.168.0.1 | Distance |
| …… | …… |
Table 2
The socket module provide with registration resource relevant open connection on the assigned ip, by IP query resource type,, receive the resource on the assigned ip by resource type inquiry IP, by IP to interfaces such as allocated resource transmission information.
The external public network IP of node temporarily adopts the static allocation method, and this IP also is the unique identification of middle ware.When using by a socket when middle ware asks certain resource, middle ware judges that the physical location of this resource is in this locality or long-range.Local module (local request module) is responsible for handling the socket module and is received at local resource (transducer, CPU, various interface, the RF module) corresponding operating, Remote module (remote request module) are responsible for handling the use request to remote resource that the socket module receives.The socket module provides unified operation-interface to upper layer application, overlaps operation-interface to what the next Comm of calling Mapping layer provided at one of the back unification of using of distinct interface shielding.RoutingModule (routing module) generates routing table according to routing algorithm, is responsible for using the request routing forwarding to specified node remote resource.
The whole software structure of sensor node mainly is made up of network protocol stack, standard interface driving, information processing and the several modules of upper layer application interrelated logic as shown in Figure 3, and these modules all correspond to the specific implementation of corresponding module in the middleware.
Above Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have all illustrated software configuration of the present invention, and wherein, Fig. 2 emphasis is set forth software configuration from middleware thought angle, outstanding middleware thought, the otherness of shielding application and bottom hardware.At the chip that this node adopted, sensor probe, hardware interface is set forth each Module Design, and the general purpose transducer node software structure set forth among Fig. 3 is specialized, and also proposes thought on will be to the accessing operation of the various resources unified socket at middleware layer.These all need the software configuration of middleware layer is carried out the refinement elaboration.Fig. 3 then emphasis sets forth software configuration from functional perspective, outstanding required necessary function that possesses of sensor node software, Fig. 3 is the universal architecture of sensor node, and the function that each module had in the universal architecture can find corresponding respective modules in middleware layer
Network protocol stack is made up of agreements such as physical layer shown in Figure 4 (correlation function that has comprised physical layer protocol in the nRF905 chip), media access control layer, the network layer of being responsible for the message routing forwarding, transmission controls.Wherein:
Physical layer is responsible for finishing Radio Link and can be connected, and guarantees that original data can finish transmission on physical medium; The major function of medium Access Layer is to judge currently whether can send data to physical layer, need add control information to data message if can send, data and control information send to physical layer with the form of regulation the most at last, the MAC agreement is at first judged the information of input and whether error of transmission is taken place when receiving data, if there is not mistake, then removes control information and be sent to the upper strata; The major function of network layer is that according to the wireless sensor network topology information that gets access to, the generation routing table is transmitted message according to destination address and local routing table after receiving message, finishes the point-to-point reliable transmission; Transmission control layer adds necessary header with data message, comprises control information transmissions such as source address, destination address, sequence of message number, confirmation message sequence number, guarantees reliable transmission end to end.
Be the standard interface driver layer on network protocol stack, the corresponding driver module of each standard interface is finished the operations such as read-write to this interface, so that the sensor probe reading of data that connects from corresponding interface.
The information exchange processing layer is responsible for from each standard interface reading of data data being carried out format conversion, and the data that a plurality of transducers transmit are carried out Data Fusion.And at certain time intervals sensor node is carried out time synchronized, can also position according to the physical location of the needs of using to transducer.Afterwards the data upload of handling well is further handled to application layer.
The present invention adopts the topological structure of sensor network shown in Figure 5, between the sensor node and sensor node constitute complicated network topology with aggregation node with the multi-hop form.Under this topological structure, sensor node not only will be responsible for the testing environment data, outwards sends, but also will receive the data that other sensor nodes transmit, and responsible routing forwarding, topology information or the routing table that in each sensor node, all will preserve a whole sensor network.That is to say, the responsibility of the sensor node perception data that node will be born in bearing the traditional sensors network, also will bear the responsibility of router in the present invention.The present invention adopts the mode of multi-hop route to carry out networking, has not only enlarged sensor node with the distance between the aggregation node, and makes restriction that sensor network nodes is subjected to when disposing still less, has enlarged the zone that the whole sensor network can cover.
Fig. 6 is that sensor node is with the communication process between the aggregation node.After sensor node is gathered environmental data by probe, at first data are read in sheet and carry among ROM, the RAM by processor, data are divided framing, the additional frame header passes to wireless radio frequency modules, is sent with wireless form by this module.At aggregation node or other sensor node places that is responsible for transmitting, by wireless radio frequency modules Data Receiving is come in, and generate interruption, notify the read data of the processor on this node, processor reads wireless radio frequency modules and receives buffer memory.If the sensor node of transmitting receives data, need message be forwarded according to own local routing table, then data are read in and remove frame head if aggregation node receives data, resolve, at last data are offered PC by the RS232 interface or other host computers are handled.Finish whole communication process.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. realize the sensor network of node software based on middleware thought for one kind, the network by aggregation node and a plurality of sensor node are formed is characterized in that:
The hardware of sensor node is made up of processor, radio-frequency module, memory, sensor probe and power module, and radio-frequency module, memory, sensor probe and processor link to each other, and power module provides power supply for each module;
The software kit includes network protocol stack of sensor node, standard interface driver module, information exchange processing module and upper layer application interrelated logic module, wherein, the standard interface driver layer that constitutes by the standard interface driver module on network protocol stack, the corresponding driver module of each standard interface; Be responsible for from each standard interface reading of data by the information exchange processing layer that the information exchange processing module constitutes, data are carried out format conversion, the data that a plurality of transducers transmit are carried out Data Fusion, and at certain time intervals sensor node is carried out time synchronized, afterwards the data upload of handling well is further handled to application layer;
The bottom hardware upper layer is isolated with middleware layer between using;
Constitute network with the multi-hop form between the sensor node and between sensor node and the aggregation node;
Described middleware layer comprises Comm Mapping layer (communication mapping layer), Sensor Mapping layer (sensing mapping layer), socket module (socket module), Local module (local request module), Remote module (remote request module), Routing Module module (routing module), wherein:
Different hardware interface agreements shields by Comm Mapping layer, makes the operation of distinct interface to operate with uniform way;
The socket module provides unified operation-interface to upper layer application, overlaps operation-interface to what the next Comm of calling Mapping layer provided at one of the back unification of using of distinct interface shielding;
Shine upon by Sensor Mapping layer for the different sensors employed communication protocol of popping one's head in, make it to be mapped in the operation of standard socket;
The Local module is responsible for handling the corresponding operating at local resource that the socket module receives;
The Remote module is responsible for handling the use request to remote resource that the socket module receives;
Routing Module module generates routing table according to routing algorithm, is responsible for using the request routing forwarding to specified node remote resource.
2. the sensor network based on middleware thought realization node software as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Network layer, transmission control layer that described network protocol stack is transmitted by physical layer, media access control layer, responsible message routing are formed, wherein:
Physical layer is responsible for finishing the connection of Radio Link, guarantees that original data can finish transmission on physical medium;
Media access control layer is responsible for judging currently whether can send data to physical layer, if can send, then add control information to data message, data and control information are sent to physical layer with the form of stipulating, when receiving data, judge at first whether the information of input error of transmission takes place, if there is not mistake, then removes control information and be sent to the upper strata again;
Network layer generates routing table according to the wireless sensor network topology information that gets access to, and after receiving message, according to destination address and local routing table message is transmitted, and finishes the point-to-point reliable transmission;
The effect of transmission control layer is that data message is added necessary header, comprises control information transmissions such as source address, destination address, sequence of message number, confirmation message sequence number, guarantees reliable transmission end to end.
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| CN103198137A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-10 | 武汉大学 | Access protocol transfer method and system for multi-source heterogeneous remote sensing data system |
| CN103279723B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2017-07-11 | 南京芯传汇电子科技有限公司 | A kind of card reader and its communication means |
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| CN107959709A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-04-24 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Method based on communication middleware data decoupler interactive structure |
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