CN101141166A - Data sending device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了几种数据发送装置,其中,第一种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将处理后的数据流分配到一个或多个层,所述层再分配给所述多个发射模块发射,其中,分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层的信息比特的数目大于分配给其他层的信息比特的数目。其中,该数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。本发明的数据发送装置能够充分利用发射模块在接收端接收信噪比相对大小的统计规律,而不需要接收端进行反馈,节约了系统资源。
The present invention provides several data sending devices, wherein the first data sending device includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, which are used to send data streams to a data receiving device using pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode; and data processing A module for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to one or more layers, and the layer is reassigned to the multiple transmission modules for transmission, wherein, the distribution is to use the pseudo eigenbeam forming technique The number of information bits of the layer is greater than the number of information bits allocated to other layers. Wherein, the data sending device is applied in a single codeword mode. The data sending device of the present invention can make full use of the statistical law of the relative size of the signal-to-noise ratio received by the transmitting module at the receiving end, without requiring feedback at the receiving end, thus saving system resources.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及通信领域,尤其涉及数据发送装置。The invention relates to the communication field, in particular to a data sending device.
背景技术 Background technique
根据信息论,在通信系统的发射端和接收端,或者这两端同时使用多天线阵列可以极大地提高系统的传输比特率。According to information theory, the transmission bit rate of the system can be greatly improved by using multi-antenna arrays at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the communication system, or at both ends.
MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output,多输入多输出)技术在无线通信系统中的应用越来越受到重视,无论是从增加系统容量的角度还是改善系统性能的角度,MIMO都有其不可替代的优越性。The application of MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) technology in wireless communication systems has attracted more and more attention. Whether it is from the perspective of increasing system capacity or improving system performance, MIMO has its irreplaceable Superiority.
图1示出了在发射端和接收端同时使用多天线阵列的具有空-时架构的无线通信系统。该系统也称为MIMO(多输入多输出)系统,其工作在瑞利散射环境,信道矩阵的各个元素可以近似看作是统计独立的。在图1所示的系统中,一个数据序列可被分成M个不相关的码元子序列,每个子序列由M个发射天线中的一个发射。M个子序列在经过一个信道矩阵为H的信道的影响后,在接收端可由N个接收天线接收。发射信号s1,...,sM可分别通过M个不同的天线单元a-1,...,a-M发射,相应的接收信号x1,...,xN分别从N个不同的天线单元b-1,...,b-N接收。在该通信系统中,发射天线单元数M最少是2,而接收天线单元数N最少是M。信道矩阵H是一个N×M的矩阵,矩阵中第i行j列的元素表示第i个接收天线和第j个发射天线通过传输信道的耦合。接收信号x1,...,xN在数字信号处理器中被处理以产生恢复的发射信号,...,。此图中也显示了求和成分c-1,c-2,...,c-N,它们代表包含的无法避免的噪声信号w1,w2,...,wN,这些噪声信号分别加入到接收天线单元b-1,b-2,...,b-N接收到的信号中。Figure 1 shows a wireless communication system with a space-time architecture using multiple antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver. This system is also called MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system, and it works in a Rayleigh scattering environment, and each element of the channel matrix can be approximately regarded as statistically independent. In the system shown in FIG. 1, a data sequence can be divided into M uncorrelated symbol subsequences, and each subsequence is transmitted by one of the M transmit antennas. After the M subsequences are influenced by a channel with a channel matrix H, they can be received by N receiving antennas at the receiving end. The transmitted signals s 1 ,...,s M can be transmitted through M different antenna units a-1,...,aM respectively, and the corresponding received signals x 1 ,...,x N are respectively transmitted from N different Antenna elements b-1,...,bN receive. In this communication system, the number M of transmitting antenna elements is at least 2, and the number N of receiving antenna elements is at least M. The channel matrix H is an N×M matrix, and the elements in the i-th row and j-column of the matrix represent the coupling between the i-th receiving antenna and the j-th transmitting antenna through the transmission channel. The received signals x 1 , ..., x N are processed in a digital signal processor to produce recovered transmitted signals ,..., . Also shown in this figure are the summation components c-1, c-2, ..., cN, which represent the inclusion of unavoidable noise signals w 1 , w 2 , ..., w N , which are added to into the signals received by the receiving antenna units b-1, b-2, ..., bN.
在图1所示的MIMO系统中,可以使用单码字(SCW,SingleCode Word)模式。上述单码字模式在IEEE 802.20标准和某公司提交给LTE的提案中,都有介绍。单码字模式下,发射端使用M个虚拟天线端口向接收端发射信号,所述的M大于等于2小于等于4。在多个虚拟发射天线上,每一个时刻只传输一路编码后的数据流,该数据流内的多个符号串并转换后,再分到各个虚拟发射天线上发射。在每一个TTI(Transition Time Interval,传输时间间隔),接收端只反馈一个CQI(Channel Quality Indicator,信道质量指示)信息和一个ACK/NACK信息,其中CQI信息告诉发射端在相应的一个TTI传输一路编码后的数据采用什么样的MCS(The modulationand channel coding scheme,调制与信道编码方案),而ACK/NACK信息告诉发射端在相应的一个TTI传输一路编码后的数据是否已经被接收端正确解码。In the MIMO system shown in FIG. 1, a Single Code Word (SCW, Single Code Word) mode can be used. The above-mentioned single codeword mode is introduced in the IEEE 802.20 standard and a proposal submitted by a company to LTE. In the single codeword mode, the transmitting end uses M virtual antenna ports to transmit signals to the receiving end, where M is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4. On multiple virtual transmitting antennas, only one coded data stream is transmitted at each moment, and multiple symbols in the data stream are serial-to-parallel converted, and then distributed to each virtual transmitting antenna for transmission. In each TTI (Transition Time Interval, transmission time interval), the receiving end only feeds back one CQI (Channel Quality Indicator, channel quality indicator) information and one ACK/NACK information, where the CQI information tells the transmitting end to transmit all the way in the corresponding TTI What kind of MCS (The modulation and channel coding scheme, modulation and channel coding scheme) is used for the encoded data, and the ACK/NACK information tells the transmitting end whether the encoded data transmitted in a corresponding TTI has been correctly decoded by the receiving end.
针对上述发送方式,接收机可以是简单的线性接收机,比如公知的MMSE(最小均方误差)equalizer(均衡器)的空时或者空频实现,也可以是复杂的对空间多路传输的数据进行非线性联合解调的接收机,比如采用干扰消除技术的非线性接收机。For the above transmission method, the receiver can be a simple linear receiver, such as the space-time or space-frequency implementation of the well-known MMSE (minimum mean square error) equalizer (equalizer), or it can be a complex space multiplexed data Receivers that perform nonlinear joint demodulation, such as nonlinear receivers that use interference cancellation techniques.
IEEE 802.20标准中所规定的SCW模式中,接收端反馈空间复用的维数(Rank)K,发射端根据这个维数K,在一个TTI内的每个时刻,必定使用所有可用的M个发射天线中的K个进行空间多路传输;发射端在一个TTI内的各个时刻,交替使用所有的M个发射天线,即轮流使用各个发射天线,而不是只使用M个中固定的K个。比如发射端有4个发射天线1、2、3、4,如果在信号发射时确定用其中2个发射天线,则每一个时刻都使用2个发射天线,但是使用哪2个发射天线,是随时间变化的,几个时刻用发射天线1、2,几个时刻用发射天线3、4,几个时刻用发射天线2、3...,这样依次交替变化所使用的发射天线,直到遍历所有可能的组合(在这里共有C4 2=6种组合,即使用天线1、2,天线3、4,天线1、3,天线2、4,天线1、4,天线2、3。In the SCW mode specified in the IEEE 802.20 standard, the receiving end feeds back the dimension (Rank) K of spatial multiplexing. According to this dimension K, the transmitting end must use all available M transmissions at each moment in a TTI. K of the antennas perform spatial multiplexing; the transmitting end uses all the M transmitting antennas alternately at each moment in a TTI, that is, uses each transmitting antenna in turn instead of only using fixed K of the M. For example, there are 4 transmitting antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 at the transmitting end. If 2 transmitting antennas are determined to be used during signal transmission, 2 transmitting antennas are used at each moment, but which 2 transmitting antennas are used depends on randomness. For time-varying, transmit antennas 1 and 2 are used at several times, transmitting antennas 3 and 4 are used at several times, and transmitting antennas 2 and 3 are used at several times, so that the transmitting antennas used are alternately changed in turn until all the antennas are traversed. Possible combinations (here there are C 4 2 =6 combinations in total, that is, use antenna 1, 2, antenna 3, 4, antenna 1, 3, antenna 2, 4, antenna 1, 4, antenna 2, 3.
这里介绍上述的TTI和符号周期的概念。为了对抗信道衰落,以及信道的干扰和噪声带来的传输错误,发射端把需要传输的数据分成多个数据包(Block),对同一个数据包中的信息比特进行信道编码和交织,再调制成多个符号通过信道传输,而传输这样一个数据包所需要的时间的长度决定了一个TTI的长度。接收端先接收同一个数据包内包含的所有符号,再进行解交织和解码。在本发明中,一个TTI就是指传输这样一个数据包的时间间隔。The above-mentioned concepts of TTI and symbol period are introduced here. In order to combat channel fading, as well as transmission errors caused by channel interference and noise, the transmitter divides the data to be transmitted into multiple data packets (Block), performs channel coding and interleaving on the information bits in the same data packet, and then modulates Multiple symbols are transmitted through the channel, and the length of time required to transmit such a data packet determines the length of a TTI. The receiving end first receives all the symbols contained in the same data packet, and then performs deinterleaving and decoding. In the present invention, a TTI refers to the time interval for transmitting such a data packet.
而一个TTI内所传输的一个数据包内的各个符号,可以分布在时域上的不同区间,或者分布在频域上的不同区间,或者分布在时域和频域的二维平面上的不同区间。本文所述的一个符号周期,就是指通过信道传输的一个符号在时域上占用的区间,或者在频域上占用的区间,或者在时域和频域的二维平面上占用的区间。例如,IEEE 802.20标准2006-01-06的文献“MBFDD and MBTDD:Proposed Draft Air Interface Specification”所描述的MIMO OFDM通信方案中,一个数据包使用时域上的8个OFDM符号,每个OFDM符号占用频域上的16个子载波,那么一个符号周期,就是指时域和频域的二维平面上的一个区间,也就是时域上1个OFDM符号上的1个子载波,而这个数据包共有8×16=128个符号周期。Each symbol in a data packet transmitted in a TTI can be distributed in different intervals in the time domain, or in different intervals in the frequency domain, or in different intervals on the two-dimensional planes of the time domain and the frequency domain. interval. A symbol period mentioned in this paper refers to the interval occupied by a symbol transmitted through the channel in the time domain, or the interval occupied in the frequency domain, or the interval occupied in the two-dimensional plane of the time domain and the frequency domain. For example, in the MIMO OFDM communication scheme described in the document "MBFDD and MBTDD: Proposed Draft Air Interface Specification" of the IEEE 802.20 standard 2006-01-06, a data packet uses 8 OFDM symbols in the time domain, and each OFDM symbol occupies There are 16 subcarriers in the frequency domain, so one symbol period refers to an interval on the two-dimensional plane of the time domain and the frequency domain, that is, 1 subcarrier on 1 OFDM symbol in the time domain, and this data packet has a total of 8 ×16=128 symbol periods.
在MIMO技术中,为了更有效地传输数据,需要对发射端的数据速率进行控制,如前所述,现有技术中,接收端反馈一个CQI信息,告诉发射端在相应的一个TTI传输一路编码后的数据采用什么样的MCS(The modulation and channel coding scheme,调制与信道编码方案),由此控制发射端的数据速率。In MIMO technology, in order to transmit data more efficiently, it is necessary to control the data rate of the transmitting end. As mentioned above, in the prior art, the receiving end feeds back a CQI information, telling the transmitting end to transmit a code in a corresponding TTI. What kind of MCS (The modulation and channel coding scheme, modulation and channel coding scheme) is used for the data, thereby controlling the data rate of the transmitter.
目前通用的方法是把发射天线支持的所有调制和编码方式(Modulation&Coding Scheme,简称MCS)制成一个表,一个常用的例子如表1所示,同时保存在发射端和接收端。接收端根据信道情况算出信号与干扰噪声比(Signal to Interference and NoiseRatio,简称SINR),由计算出的SINR判断当前的信道情况可以支持什么样的MCS,再反馈该MCS的索引即可。The current common method is to make a table of all Modulation & Coding Schemes (MCS) supported by the transmitting antenna. A commonly used example is shown in Table 1, which is stored at both the transmitting end and the receiving end. The receiving end calculates the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) according to the channel conditions, judges what kind of MCS the current channel condition can support based on the calculated SINR, and then feeds back the index of the MCS.
表1:MCS映射表Table 1: MCS mapping table
对于单码字,待发送的数据流首先经过信道编码、信道交织、速率匹配及星座图映射等操作,然后分路为K路相同速率的数据流分别经不同的天线发射出去(K小于等于M,而M为发射天线的数目)。在信噪比较高以及信道矩阵H的各项不相关的情况下,通常K=M,所以在下面的介绍中,针对常见的K=M的情况给出实施例。接收端计算出所有发射天线(可以是虚拟发射天线)的平均接收SINR,查MCS索引表反馈发射端应当采用的MCS的索引。在发射端,如图2所示,待发射数据流采用统一的信道编码器、RM(Rate Matching,速率匹配)方式和调制方式,然后把所有数据等分到各个天线,进行相应的处理后发射出去。根据系统所采用的多址方式的不同,这M个发射天线的数据占用相同的信道码或频率或时间等信道资源。For a single codeword, the data stream to be sent is firstly subjected to operations such as channel coding, channel interleaving, rate matching, and constellation map mapping, and then split into K channels of data streams with the same rate and transmitted through different antennas (K is less than or equal to M , and M is the number of transmit antennas). In the case of a high signal-to-noise ratio and irrelevant items of the channel matrix H, usually K=M, so in the following introduction, embodiments are given for the common case of K=M. The receiving end calculates the average receiving SINR of all transmitting antennas (which may be virtual transmitting antennas), and checks the MCS index table to feed back the index of the MCS that should be used by the transmitting end. At the transmitting end, as shown in Figure 2, the data stream to be transmitted adopts a unified channel encoder, RM (Rate Matching, rate matching) mode and modulation mode, and then divides all data into each antenna, performs corresponding processing and transmits go out. According to the different multiple access modes adopted by the system, the data of the M transmit antennas occupy the same channel resources such as channel code or frequency or time.
如图2所示,信道编码模块202为1/5码率的Turbo码。信道交织模块204包括两个子模块,分别为比特分离和比特置换。速率匹配模块206将送过来的序列根据需要的长度进行打孔或重复。分路器208是将经过速率匹配之后的序列按照一定规则分到各个天线上传输。在现有的SCW中,序列中的信息比特平均分配到各个天线上。调制模块210包括两个子模块,分别为星座图映射模块210a和信道化处理模块210b,其中,星座图映射包括BPSK、QPSK、8PSK、16QAM、64QAM等调制方式,信道化处理包括OFDM或扩频等,以及多个发射模块,可以为天线。As shown in FIG. 2 , the channel coding module 202 is a Turbo code with a code rate of 1/5. The channel interleaving module 204 includes two sub-modules, namely bit separation and bit permutation. The rate matching module 206 punctures or repeats the sent sequence according to the required length. The
SCW这种方式的反馈量较少,而且由于采用的信道编码器只有一个,因此CRC校验是针对所有发射天线上的数据,所以H-ARQ机制较为简单,一旦CRC校验显示出错,那么当前处理的所有数据进行重传,只需要一个ACK/NACK信号即可。SCW has less feedback in this way, and since there is only one channel encoder, the CRC check is for the data on all transmit antennas, so the H-ARQ mechanism is relatively simple. Once the CRC check shows an error, the current All processed data is retransmitted, only one ACK/NACK signal is required.
在当前技术中,SCW系统中的信息序列(即待发送数据流)经过编码、交织和速率匹配后进行分路,在分路时每个天线上传相等长度的信息比特,即将信息序列平分到每个天线上,加上校验序列后进入信道化处理模块后发送出去,如图3所示。在图3中,用斜线格表示的比特为信息比特,用网格表示的比特为校验比特。In the current technology, the information sequence (i.e. the data stream to be sent) in the SCW system is split after coding, interleaving and rate matching. Antennas, after adding a check sequence, enter the channelization processing module and send it out, as shown in Figure 3. In FIG. 3 , the bits represented by slashed grids are information bits, and the bits represented by grids are parity bits.
由于在反馈的时候用的是所有发射天线的平均接收SINR,如果M个发射天线上SINR不等甚至相差很大,则SINR较小的天线上会有较多的误码,特别是SINR较小的天线上的信息比特误码会严重影响整个系统的性能,系统的吞吐量也必然会有损失。Since the average receiving SINR of all transmitting antennas is used for feedback, if the SINRs on the M transmitting antennas are not equal or even have a large difference, there will be more bit errors on the antenna with a smaller SINR, especially the smaller SINR An information bit error on the antenna will seriously affect the performance of the entire system, and the throughput of the system will inevitably be lost.
存在一种方法,接收端反馈通知发射端,以让发射端知道其发射天线中的哪一个或者哪一些接收信噪比较好。然后发射端把尽可能多的信息比特分配到这一个或者一些接收信噪比较好的发射天线,以提高接收的性能。这种方法的缺点是需要反馈,使用的代价较高。There is a method that the receiving end notifies the transmitting end in feedback, so that the transmitting end knows which one or some of its transmitting antennas have a better reception signal-to-noise ratio. Then the transmitting end allocates as many information bits as possible to this one or some transmitting antennas with better receiving signal-to-noise ratios, so as to improve the receiving performance. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires feedback and is expensive to use.
各个发射天线在接收端的接收信噪比,通常各有不同,采用相同的调制方式,不能够充分利用接收信噪比各有不同的特点,在接收信噪比较高的发射天线采用高阶的调制方式,而在接收信噪比较低的发射天线采用低阶的调制方式。The receiving signal-to-noise ratio of each transmitting antenna at the receiving end is usually different. Using the same modulation method cannot make full use of the different characteristics of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio. The transmitting antenna with a high receiving signal-to-noise ratio uses a high-order Modulation mode, while the low-order modulation mode is used in the transmitting antenna with low receiving signal-to-noise ratio.
MIMO的信道矩阵随时间变化而变化,所以在各个时刻,各个发射天线在接收端的接收信噪比的大小和彼此的相对大小都有变化,所以如果要根据各个发射天线在接收端的接收信噪比的大小,分别在各个发射天线采用合适的调制方式,通常需要反馈,由接收端通知发射端,发射端的各个天线适合采用什么样的调制方式。这种方法的缺点是需要反馈,使用的代价较高。The channel matrix of MIMO changes with time, so at each moment, the size of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of each transmitting antenna at the receiving end and the relative size of each other change, so if the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of each transmitting antenna at the receiving end is to be The size of each transmitting antenna adopts a suitable modulation method, which usually requires feedback, and the receiving end notifies the transmitting end of what kind of modulation method is suitable for each antenna of the transmitting end. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires feedback and is expensive to use.
此外,除了上述的单码字模式,还存在MCW(多码字模式),而本发明的方法也可以推广到多码字模式。下面对多码字模式进行介绍。In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned single-codeword mode, there is also MCW (multi-codeword mode), and the method of the present invention can also be extended to the multi-codeword mode. The multi-codeword mode is introduced below.
在图1所示的MIMO系统中,可以使用多码字模式。在多码字模式下,发射端使用M个虚拟天线端口向接收端发射信号,所述的M大于等于2小于等于4。在多个虚拟发射天线上,每一个时刻传输K(K小于等于M)路编码后的数据流,K路数据流的各路再分到各个虚拟发射天线上发射。在每一个TTI,接收端反馈K个CQI(信道质量指示)信息和K个ACK/NACK信息,其中CQI信息告诉发射端在相应的一个TTI传输的K路中的每一路编码后的数据采用什么样的MCS(调制与信道编码方案),而ACK/NACK信息告诉发射端在相应的一个TTI传输的K路中的每一路编码后的数据是否已经被接收端正确解码。In the MIMO system shown in Figure 1, a multi-codeword mode can be used. In the multi-codeword mode, the transmitting end uses M virtual antenna ports to transmit signals to the receiving end, where M is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4. On multiple virtual transmitting antennas, K (K is less than or equal to M) coded data streams are transmitted at each moment, and each of the K data streams is divided into each virtual transmitting antenna for transmission. In each TTI, the receiving end feeds back K pieces of CQI (Channel Quality Indication) information and K pieces of ACK/NACK information, where the CQI information tells the transmitting end what to use for the encoded data of each of the K paths transmitted in a corresponding TTI The same MCS (modulation and channel coding scheme), and the ACK/NACK information tells the transmitter whether the encoded data of each of the K channels transmitted in a corresponding TTI has been correctly decoded by the receiver.
针对上述发送方式,接收机可以是简单的线性接收机,也可以是复杂的采用干扰消除技术的非线性接收机,而对于多码字模式,使用干扰消除技术可以获得很大的增益,所以多码字模式通常使用干扰消除的非线性接收机。For the above transmission methods, the receiver can be a simple linear receiver or a complex nonlinear receiver using interference cancellation technology. For the multi-codeword mode, the use of interference cancellation technology can obtain a large gain, so many Codeword patterns typically use non-linear receivers with interference cancellation.
MCW模式中,接收端反馈K(K小于等于M)个CQI,分别指示K路编码后的数据流的MCS。MCW模式也有两种情况:In the MCW mode, the receiving end feeds back K (K is less than or equal to M) CQIs, which respectively indicate the MCSs of K coded data streams. MCW mode also has two situations:
1、情况a:K路编码后的数据流中的每一路,固定在某一个虚拟天线(即层)或者物理天线传输。1. Situation a: Each of the K coded data streams is fixed to a certain virtual antenna (ie layer) or physical antenna for transmission.
2、情况b:K路数据流中的每一路,都通过所有的虚拟天线(即层)或者物理天线传输,即该路在某一个符号周期使用这个天线,下一个符号周期使用另一个天线,通过这种方法,每一路都遍历所有的天线。2. Case b: Each of the K data streams is transmitted through all virtual antennas (ie, layers) or physical antennas, that is, the channel uses this antenna in a certain symbol period, and uses another antenna in the next symbol period. In this way, each path traverses all antennas.
对于多码字,待发送的数据流首先经过分路,分成K路,然后分别对每一路进行信道编码、信道交织、速率匹配及星座图映射等操作,然后经天线发射出去(K小于等于M,而M为发射天线的数目)。在信噪比较高以及信道矩阵H的各项不相关的情况下,通常K=M,所以在下面的介绍中,针对常见的K=M的情况给出实施例。如前所述,可以每一路都固定在某一个天线发射,或者通过交替,每一路都在一个TTI的所有符号周期内,遍历所有的发射天线即通过所有的发射天线传输。For multi-codewords, the data stream to be sent is first split into K channels, and then channel coding, channel interleaving, rate matching, and constellation map mapping are performed on each channel, and then transmitted through the antenna (K is less than or equal to M , and M is the number of transmit antennas). In the case of a high signal-to-noise ratio and irrelevant items of the channel matrix H, usually K=M, so in the following introduction, embodiments are given for the common case of K=M. As mentioned above, each channel can be fixed on a certain antenna for transmission, or through alternation, each channel traverses all transmit antennas in all symbol periods of a TTI, that is, transmits through all transmit antennas.
接收端计算出各路的接收SINR,查MCS索引表反馈发射端的各路应当采用的MCS的索引,接收端采用干扰消除接收机时,接收SINR的计算需要考虑干扰消除的增益。The receiving end calculates the receiving SINR of each channel, and checks the MCS index table to feed back the MCS index that each channel of the transmitting end should use. When the receiving end uses an interference cancellation receiver, the calculation of the receiving SINR needs to consider the gain of interference cancellation.
在这里介绍上面所述的层的概念。在某些MIMO技术,例如下面将要详细介绍的TDD模式下伪特征波束成形(pseudo-eigen-beamforming)技术和MIMO预编码技术中,发射信号组成的列向量的左边乘一个矩阵后,再送到各个物理天线上发射。相应的,每个发射信号,都与矩阵中的一列相乘,得到的各个结果分别送到各个物理天线,我们把这称为该发射信号通过一层进行发射,所述的一层,相当于一个波束或者一个虚拟天线。The concept of layers described above is introduced here. In some MIMO technologies, such as the pseudo-eigen-beamforming (pseudo-eigen-beamforming) technology and MIMO precoding technology in the TDD mode that will be described in detail below, the left side of the column vector composed of the transmitted signal is multiplied by a matrix, and then sent to each transmit on a physical antenna. Correspondingly, each transmit signal is multiplied by a column in the matrix, and each result obtained is sent to each physical antenna, which we call the transmit signal is transmitted through one layer, and the one layer is equivalent to A beam or a virtual antenna.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对以上问题本发明提供了几种数据发送装置,能够充分利用发射模块在接收端接收信噪比相对大小的统计规律,而不需要接收端进行反馈,节约了系统资源。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides several data sending devices, which can make full use of the statistical law of the relative SNR received by the transmitting module at the receiving end, without feedback from the receiving end, and save system resources.
本发明的第一种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将处理后的数据流分配到一个或多个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层的信息比特的数目大于分配给其他层的信息比特的数目。其中,第一种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The first data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send the data stream to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used for the data stream to be sent processing and distributing the processed data streams to one or more layers, which are redistributed to a plurality of transmit modules for transmission, wherein the number of information bits assigned to a layer using pseudo-eigenbeamforming techniques is greater than that assigned to other The number of information bits of the layer. Wherein, the first data sending device is applied in a single codeword mode.
本发明的第二种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将数据流分配到一个或多个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,使用伪特征波束形成技术的层使用的调制方式比其他层使用的调制方式高一阶或多阶。其中,数据处理模块给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层分配的功率高于给其他层分配的功率。第二种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The second data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use the pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send the data stream to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used for the data stream to be sent processing and distributing data streams to one or more layers, which are redistributed to multiple transmit modules for transmission, where layers using pseudo-eigenbeamforming techniques use modulations that are one or more orders higher than those used by other layers order. Wherein, the power allocated by the data processing module to the layer using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology is higher than that allocated to other layers. The second data sending device is applied in a single codeword mode.
本发明的第三种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将处理后的数据流分配到一个或多个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,预编码矩阵有M列,每列对应于一层,分配给预编码模式下的至少一层的信息比特的数目大于分配给除该层以外的其它层的信息比特的数目。其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。信息比特的分配方式为:依次把尽可能多的信息比特分配给至少一层和除该层以外的其它层。第三种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The third data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send the data stream to the data receiving device in the precoding mode; and a data processing module, used to process the data stream to be sent and process the The data stream is allocated to one or more layers, and the layers are then allocated to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the precoding matrix has M columns, each column corresponds to one layer, and is allocated to at least one layer in the precoding mode The number of information bits is larger than the number of information bits allocated to layers other than this layer. Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and the other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. The at least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and the other layers are all layers with a higher serial number than the at least one layer. The distribution method of the information bits is as follows: sequentially assign as many information bits as possible to at least one layer and other layers except this layer. The third data sending device is applied in a single codeword mode.
本发明的第四种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将数据流分配到一个或多个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,预编码模式下的至少一层使用的调制方式的阶数高于除该层以外的其它层的调制方式的阶数。其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。数据处理模块给至少一层分配的功率高于给除该层以外的其它层分配的功率。第四种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The fourth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send the data stream to the data receiving device in precoding mode; and a data processing module, used to process the data stream to be sent and convert the data stream Assigned to one or more layers, and the layers are reassigned to multiple transmission modules for transmission, wherein the modulation order used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than that of the modulation methods of other layers except this layer Order. Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and the other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. The at least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and the other layers are all layers with a higher serial number than the at least one layer. The power allocated by the data processing module to at least one layer is higher than the power allocated to other layers except this layer. The fourth data sending device is applied in single codeword mode.
本发明的第五种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,各个层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,每一路数据流轮循地使用各个层,并且对于每一路数据流,均尽可能多地把信息比特分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层。The fifth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used to treat One or more data streams sent are processed separately and assigned to each layer, and each layer is assigned to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein each data stream uses each layer in turn, and for For each data stream, as many bits of information as possible are allocated to layers using pseudo-eigenbeamforming techniques.
本发明的第六种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流轮循地使用各个层,并且每一路数据流在使用伪特征波束形成技术的层采用的调制方式比路数据流在其他层使用的调制方式高一阶或多阶。对于每一路数据流,数据处理模块给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层分配的功率高于给其他层分配的功率。The sixth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used to treat One or more data streams sent are processed separately, and one or more data streams are distributed to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein one or more data streams use each layer, and each data stream adopts a modulation method that is one or more orders higher than the modulation method used by other data streams in the layer using the pseudo-eigen beamforming technology. For each data stream, the data processing module allocates higher power to the layer using the pseudo-eigen beamforming technique than to other layers.
本发明的第七种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流轮循地使用各个层,并且对于每一路数据流,分配给预编码模式下的至少一层的信息比特的数目大于分配给除该层以外其它的至少一层的信息比特的数目。The seventh data sending device of the present invention includes: multiple transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode; and a data processing module, used for one or more data streams to be sent The data streams are processed separately, and one or more data streams are assigned to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein one or more data streams use each layer in turn, and for each In the data stream, the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer in the precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer other than this layer.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。信息比特的分配方式为:依次把尽可能多的信息比特分配给至少一层和除该层以外的其它层。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and the other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. The at least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and the other layers are all layers with a higher serial number than the at least one layer. The distribution method of the information bits is as follows: sequentially assign as many information bits as possible to at least one layer and other layers except this layer.
本发明的第八种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流轮循地使用各个层,并且对于每一路数据流,预编码模式下的至少一层使用的调制方式的阶数高于除该层以外的其它层使用的调制方式的阶数。The eighth data sending device of the present invention includes: multiple transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode; and a data processing module, used for one or more data streams to be sent The data streams are processed separately, and one or more data streams are assigned to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein one or more data streams use each layer in turn, and for each In the data stream, the modulation order used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the modulation order used by other layers except this layer.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。信息比特的分配方式为:对于每一路数据流,预编码模式下的至少一层所分配到的功率多于除该层以外的其它层所分配到的功率。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and the other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. The at least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and the other layers are all layers with a higher serial number than the at least one layer. The allocation method of the information bits is as follows: for each data stream, at least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than other layers except this layer.
本发明的第九种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用一层发射,并且使用伪特征波束形成技术的层所用的调制与信道编码方案的数据传输速率高于其他层所用的调制与信道编码方案的数据传输速率。分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层的功率比分配给其他层的功率高。The ninth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used to treat One or more data streams sent are processed separately, and one or more data streams are allocated to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein one or more data streams use one layer respectively The data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by the layer using the pseudo eigenbeamforming technique is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers. The power allocated to the first layer using the pseudo-eigenbeamforming technique is higher than the power allocated to the other layers.
本发明的第十种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用一层发射,并且分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层的功率比分配给其他层的功率高。The tenth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device by using pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode; and a data processing module, used to treat One or more data streams sent are processed separately, and one or more data streams are allocated to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein one or more data streams use one layer respectively transmit, and assign higher power to layers using pseudo-eigenbeamforming techniques than to other layers.
本发明的第十一种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用一层发射,并且预编码模式下的至少一层所用调制与信道编码方案的数据传输速率高于除该层以外的其它层所用调制与信道编码方案的数据传输速率。The eleventh data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode; and a data processing module, used for one or more data streams to be sent One or more data streams are processed separately, and one or more data streams are allocated to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules, wherein one or more data streams are fixedly transmitted using one layer respectively, and the precoding mode The data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by at least one lower layer is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers except this layer.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。预编码模式下的至少一层分配到的功率多于除该层以外的其它层所分配到的功率。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and the other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer is one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers except this layer are all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer. At least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than other layers except this layer.
本发明的第十二种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用一层发射,并且预编码模式下的至少一层分配到的功率多于除该层以外的其它层所分配到的功率。The twelfth data sending device of the present invention includes: multiple transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode; and a data processing module, used for one or more data streams to be sent One or more data streams are processed separately, and one or more data streams are allocated to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules, wherein one or more data streams are fixedly transmitted using one layer respectively, and the precoding mode At least one lower layer is allocated more power than other layers other than this layer.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and the other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. The at least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and the other layers are all layers with a higher serial number than the at least one layer.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图提供本发明的进一步理解,并结合到本申请中构成本申请的一部分,与说明书一起说明本发明的实施例以解释本发明的原理。在附图中,The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, and together with the description illustrate embodiments of the invention to explain the principle of the invention. In the attached picture,
图1示出了在发射端和接收端同时使用多天线阵列的具有空-时架构的无线通信系统。Figure 1 shows a wireless communication system with a space-time architecture using multiple antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver.
图2是根据现有技术的单码字模式的MIMO结构;Fig. 2 is the MIMO structure of the single code word mode according to prior art;
图3是根据现有技术的在单码字系统中每个天线上比特分配的方式;以及Fig. 3 is the way of bit allocation on each antenna in the single code word system according to prior art; And
图4是根据本发明的数据发送装置的框图。Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a data transmission device according to the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下将参考附图详细描述本发明的实施例。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图4是根据本发明的数据发送装置的框图。本发明的数据发送装置都包括多个发射模块,一个或者多个发射信号组成的列向量的左边乘一个矩阵后,再送到各个发射模块上发射。相应的,每个发射信号,都与矩阵中的一列相乘,得到的各个结果分别送到各个发射模块,我们把这称为该发射信号通过一层进行发射,所述的一层,相当于一个波束或者一个虚拟天线。Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a data transmission device according to the present invention. The data sending device of the present invention includes a plurality of transmitting modules, and the left side of the column vector composed of one or more transmitting signals is multiplied by a matrix, and then sent to each transmitting module for transmission. Correspondingly, each transmit signal is multiplied by a column in the matrix, and each result obtained is sent to each transmit module, which we call the transmit signal is transmitted through one layer, and the above-mentioned one layer is equivalent to A beam or a virtual antenna.
本发明的第一种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将处理后的数据流分配到一个或多个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层的信息比特的数目大于分配给其他层的信息比特的数目。更具体的,给第一层分配尽可能多的信息比特。本发明的第一种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The first data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send the data stream to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used for the data stream to be sent processing and distributing the processed data streams to one or more layers, which are redistributed to multiple transmit modules for transmission, wherein the number of information bits allocated to the first layer using pseudo-eigenbeamforming techniques is greater than that allocated to Number of information bits for other layers. More specifically, as many information bits as possible are allocated to the first layer. The first data sending device of the present invention is applied in a single code word mode.
本发明的第二种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将数据流分配到一个或多个层,这些层分配给所述的多个发射模块发射,其中,使用伪特征波束形成技术的层(即,第一层)使用的调制方式比其他层使用的调制方式高一阶或多阶。其中,数据处理模块给使用伪特征波束形成技术的层分配的功率高于给其他层分配的功率。本发明的第二种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The second data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to use the pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, to send the data stream to the data receiving device; and a data processing module, used for the data stream to be sent processing and distributing the data streams to one or more layers that are assigned to the plurality of transmit modules for transmission, wherein the layer that uses pseudo-eigenbeam forming techniques (i.e., the first layer) uses a modulation scheme that is higher than the other The modulation used by the layer is one or more orders higher. Wherein, the power allocated by the data processing module to the layer using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology is higher than that allocated to other layers. The second data sending device of the present invention is applied in a single codeword mode.
本发明的第三种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将处理后的数据流分配到一个或多个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,预编码矩阵有M列,每列对应于一层,分配给预编码模式下的至少一层的信息比特的数目大于分配给除该层以外的其它层的信息比特的数目。本发明的第三种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。The third data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send the data stream to the data receiving device in the precoding mode; and a data processing module, used to process the data stream to be sent and process the The data stream is assigned to one or more layers, and these layers are then assigned to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, where the precoding matrix has M columns, each column corresponds to one layer, and is assigned to at least one layer of information in the precoding mode The number of bits is larger than the number of information bits allocated to other layers than this layer. The third data sending device of the present invention is applied in a single codeword mode.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。信息比特的分配方式为:依次把尽可能多的信息比特分配给至少一层和除该层以外的其它层。其中,信息比特的分配方式可以为:把尽可能多的信息比特分配给第一层,再把尽可能多的信息比特分配给第二层,...,即,依次把尽可能多的信息比特分配给序号较小的层。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and other layers except this layer may be all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers other than this layer may be all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer. The distribution method of the information bits is as follows: sequentially assign as many information bits as possible to at least one layer and other layers except this layer. Among them, the allocation method of information bits can be: allocate as many information bits as possible to the first layer, then allocate as many information bits as possible to the second layer, ..., that is, sequentially allocate as many information bits as possible Bits are assigned to layers with lower numbers.
本发明的第四种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将数据流发送至数据接收装置;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的数据流进行处理并将数据流分配到一个或多个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,预编码模式下的至少一层使用的调制方式的阶数高于除该层以外的其它层的调制方式的阶数。例如,第一层64QAM,第二层64QAM,第三层16QAM,第四层QPSK。The fourth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send the data stream to the data receiving device in precoding mode; and a data processing module, used to process the data stream to be sent and convert the data stream Assigned to one or more layers, and these layers are reassigned to multiple transmission modules for transmission, wherein the modulation order used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than that of other layers except this layer number. For example, the first layer is 64QAM, the second layer is 64QAM, the third layer is 16QAM, and the fourth layer is QPSK.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。数据处理模块给至少一层分配的功率高于给除该层以外的其它层分配的功率。本发明的第四种数据发送装置应用于单码字模式。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and other layers except this layer may be all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers other than this layer may be all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer. The power allocated by the data processing module to at least one layer is higher than the power allocated to other layers except this layer. The fourth data sending device of the present invention is applied in a single codeword mode.
本发明的第五种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,每一路数据流轮循地使用各个层。对于每一路数据流,都把数据流中尽可能多的信息比特分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层。本发明的第五种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况b。The fifth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, which are used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device by using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, wherein each data stream is Separate modulation and channel coding; and a data processing module, which is used to separately process one or more data streams to be sent and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmission modules for transmission , where each data stream uses each layer in turn. For each data stream, as many information bits as possible in the data stream are assigned to the first layer using pseudo-eigenbeamforming techniques. The fifth data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
本发明的第六种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流轮循地使用各个层,每一路数据流在使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层所采用的调制方式比这一路数据流在其他层使用的调制方式高一阶或多阶。其中,对于每一路数据流,数据处理模块给使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层分配的功率高于给其他层分配的功率。本发明的第六种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况b。The sixth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, which are used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device by using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, each data stream of which is Modulation and channel coding are performed separately; and a data processing module is used to separately process one or more data streams to be sent, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmission modules Transmit, in which one or more data streams use the layers in turn, with each data stream at the first layer using pseudo-eigenbeamforming using a higher-order modulation than the modulation used by that data stream at the other layers or multiple stages. Wherein, for each data stream, the power allocated by the data processing module to the first layer using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology is higher than that allocated to other layers. The sixth data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
本发明的第七种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流轮循地使用各个层。对于每一路数据流,分配给预编码模式下的至少一层的信息比特的数目大于分配给除该层以外其它的至少一层的信息比特的数目,即先把尽可能多的信息比特分配给第一层,在把余下的信息比特尽可能多的分配给第二层,...。本发明的第七种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况b。The seventh data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode, where each data stream is independently modulated and channel coded and a data processing module, which is used to process one or more data streams to be sent separately, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein, one or more Multiplexed data streams use the layers in turn. For each data stream, the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer in the precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer other than this layer, that is, as many information bits as possible are first allocated to The first layer allocates as many remaining information bits as possible to the second layer, . . . The seventh data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
至少一层是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。信息比特的分配方式为:依次把尽可能多的信息比特分配给至少一层和除该层以外的其它层。At least one layer is one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and other layers except this layer are all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer is one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers except this layer are all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer. The distribution method of the information bits is as follows: sequentially assign as many information bits as possible to at least one layer and other layers except this layer.
本发明的第八种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流轮循地使用各个层。对于每一路数据流,预编码模式下的至少一层使用的调制方式的阶数高于除该层以外的其它层使用的调制方式的阶数。The eighth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode, where each data stream is independently modulated and channel coded and a data processing module, which is used to process one or more data streams to be sent separately, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein, one or more Multiplexed data streams use the layers in turn. For each data stream, the modulation order used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the modulation order used by other layers except this layer.
例如,第一路数据流在第一层64QAM,第二层64QAM,第三层16QAM,第四层QPSK;而第二路数据流在第一层16QAM,第二层16QAM,第三层QPSK,第四层QPSK。其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。信息比特的分配方式为:对于每一路数据流,预编码模式下的至少一层所分配到的功率多于除该层以外的其它层所分配到的功率。本发明的第八种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况b。For example, the first data stream is in the first layer 64QAM, the second layer 64QAM, the third layer 16QAM, and the fourth layer QPSK; while the second data stream is in the first layer 16QAM, the second layer 16QAM, the third layer QPSK, Layer 4 QPSK. Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and other layers except this layer may be all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers other than this layer may be all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer. The allocation method of the information bits is as follows: for each data stream, at least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than other layers except this layer. The eighth data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
本发明的第九种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用某一层发射,并且使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层所用MCS(调制与信道编码方案)的数据传输速率高于其他层所用MCS的数据传输速率。本发明的第九种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况a。The ninth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, which are used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device by using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, wherein each data stream is Modulation and channel coding are performed separately; and a data processing module is used to separately process one or more data streams to be sent, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmission modules Transmission, in which one or more data streams are fixed to use a certain layer for transmission, and the data transmission rate of the MCS (modulation and channel coding scheme) used by the first layer using pseudo-eigenbeamforming technology is higher than that of the MCS used by other layers Transmission rate. The ninth data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
本发明的第十种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在TDD模式下使用伪特征波束形成技术,将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用某一层发射,并且分配给使用伪特征波束形成技术的第一层的功率比分配给其他层的功率高。本发明的第十种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况a。The tenth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, which are used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device by using pseudo-eigenbeam forming technology in TDD mode, wherein each data stream is Modulation and channel coding are performed separately; and a data processing module is used to separately process one or more data streams to be sent, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmission modules Transmission, wherein one or more data streams are fixedly transmitted using a certain layer, and the power allocated to the first layer using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technology is higher than that allocated to other layers. The tenth data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
上述的第九种数据发送装置可以和第十种数据发送装置同时使用。The above-mentioned ninth data sending device can be used together with the tenth data sending device.
本发明的第十一种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,这些层再分配给多个发射模块发射,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用某一层发射,并且预编码模式下的至少一层所用调制与信道编码方案的数据传输速率高于除该层以外的其它层所用调制与信道编码方案的数据传输速率。本发明的第十一种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况a。The eleventh data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, which are used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in the precoding mode, where each data stream is independently modulated and channelized Coding; and a data processing module, which is used to process one or more data streams to be sent separately, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and these layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, wherein one Or multiple data streams are fixed to use a certain layer for transmission, and the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers except this layer rate. The eleventh data sending device of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。预编码模式下的至少一层分配到的功率多于除该层以外的其它层所分配到的功率。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and other layers except this layer may be all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers other than this layer may be all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer. At least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than other layers except this layer.
本发明的第十二种数据发送装置包括:多个发射模块,用于在预编码模式下将一路或多路数据流发送至数据接收装置,其中的每一路数据流都是单独进行调制和信道编码的;以及数据处理模块,用于对待发送的一路或多路数据流分别进行处理,并将一路或多路数据流分配到各个层,所述层再分配给多个发射模块,其中,一路或多路数据流分别固定使用某一层发射,并且预编码模式下的至少一层分配到的功率多于除该层以外的其它层所分配到的功率。本发明的第十二种数据发送装置应用于多码字模式的情况a。The twelfth data sending device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, used to send one or more data streams to the data receiving device in precoding mode, wherein each data stream is independently modulated and channelized Coding; and a data processing module, which is used to separately process one or more data streams to be sent, and distribute one or more data streams to each layer, and the layers are then distributed to multiple transmitting modules, wherein one Or multiple data streams fixedly use a certain layer for transmission respectively, and the power allocated to at least one layer in the precoding mode is more than that allocated to other layers except this layer. The twelfth data sending apparatus of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
其中,至少一层可以是接收信干比的值较高的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是接收信干比的值低于至少一层的所有层。至少一层可以是序号较小的一层或多层,除该层以外的其它层可以是序号比至少一层的序号大的所有层。Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers with a higher value of receiving signal-to-interference ratio, and other layers except this layer may be all layers with values of receiving signal-to-interference ratio lower than at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers with a smaller serial number, and other layers other than this layer may be all layers with higher serial numbers than the at least one layer.
上述的第十一种数据发送装置可以和第十二种数据发送装置同时使用。The above-mentioned eleventh data sending device can be used together with the twelfth data sending device.
上述的调制方式的阶数较高,是指该调制方式的一个符号所携带的信息的比特数较多,比如,QPSK、16QAM和64QAM三种调制方式的一个符号所携带信息的比特数分别是2、4和6,所以可以说16QAM调制方式的阶数高于QPSK,而64QAM调制方式的阶数高于16QAM。The order of the above-mentioned modulation method is relatively high, which means that the number of bits of information carried by a symbol of the modulation method is relatively large. For example, the number of bits of information carried by a symbol of the three modulation methods of QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM are respectively 2, 4 and 6, so it can be said that the order of the 16QAM modulation method is higher than that of QPSK, and the order of the 64QAM modulation method is higher than that of 16QAM.
上述MCS(调制与信道编码方案)的数据传输速率较高,是指在一个数据包所包含的符号数相同的情况下,该MCS所传输的数据比特数较多。例如,调制方式16QAM及Turbo码码率3/4的MCS,其数据传输速率既高于调制方式QPSK及Turbo码码率3/4的MCS,也高于调制方式16QAM及Turbo码码率1/2的MCS。The above-mentioned MCS (Modulation and Channel Coding Scheme) has a higher data transmission rate, which means that the number of data bits transmitted by the MCS is larger when the number of symbols contained in one data packet is the same. For example, MCS with modulation mode 16QAM and Turbo code rate 3/4, its data transmission rate is higher than MCS with modulation mode QPSK and Turbo code rate 3/4, and higher than modulation mode 16QAM and Turbo code rate 1/4 2 MCS.
本发明利用在一些场合不需要反馈发射端就知道其发射天线(发射模块)中的哪些通常在接收端具有较好的接收信噪比,这是根据发射模块在接收端接收信噪比相对大小的统计规律而得知的。The present invention utilizes to know which of its transmitting antennas (transmitting modules) usually have a better receiving signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end without feeding back the transmitting end in some occasions, which is based on the relative size of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitting module at the receiving end learned from the statistical law.
一种情况为:在TDD的情况下,高通在AIE的提案C30-20060626-030R2_QCOM_UHDR-One_Proposal_v1.0,“Qualcomm Proposal for 3GPP2 Physical Layer”中,提出了一种被称为伪特征波束成形(pseudo-eigen-beamforming)的技术。这是针对TDD模式下,移动终端(比如手机)通常只有1个发射天线,同时有2到4个接收天线的情况。更具体地,移动终端有n个(通常n=2,...,4)天线,其中只有1个既用于发送也用于接收,而其它的n-1个只用于接收。基站利用TDD模式下,上下行信道对称的特性,可以通过移动终端的1个发射天线在上行信道发射的导频,估计出在下行信道,该移动终端的这个发射天线作为接收天线时,基站的各个发射天线到该接收天线的信道。One situation is: in the case of TDD, Qualcomm proposed a method called pseudo-eigenbeamforming (pseudo- eigen-beamforming) technology. This is for the situation that in the TDD mode, a mobile terminal (such as a mobile phone) usually has only one transmitting antenna and 2 to 4 receiving antennas at the same time. More specifically, a mobile terminal has n (usually n=2, . . . , 4) antennas, of which only 1 is used for both transmission and reception, while the other n-1 antennas are only used for reception. The base station utilizes the symmetrical characteristics of the uplink and downlink channels in TDD mode, and can use the pilot frequency transmitted by one transmit antenna of the mobile terminal on the uplink channel to estimate that in the downlink channel, when the transmit antenna of the mobile terminal is used as the receive antenna, the base station's The channel from each transmit antenna to the receive antenna.
如果多层数据被发射给移动终端,第一层使用伪特征波束形成技术,即利用基站通过对称性知道的基站各发射天线到移动终端该接收天线的信道,做波束形成。然后,其它的各层,使用与第一层所用波束正交的波束进行传输。这种MIMO传输的形式被称为伪特征波束成形(pseudo-eigen-beamforming)。If multiple layers of data are transmitted to the mobile terminal, the first layer uses pseudo-eigen beamforming technology, that is, the channel from each transmitting antenna of the base station known by the base station through symmetry to the receiving antenna of the mobile terminal is used for beamforming. Then, each other layer transmits using a beam orthogonal to the beam used by the first layer. This form of MIMO transmission is called pseudo-eigen-beamforming.
假设手机有2个天线,其中只有1个用于发射,那么基站可以向手机传2层数据。通常接收端使用迫零(ZF:Zero Forcing)算法或者最小均方误差(MMSE:Minimal Mean-Square Error)算法。已经证明,如果接收端使用迫零算法,即使假设在接收第二层数据时,完美的消除第一层数据的干扰,也就是假设第一层总是被正确解码,第一层数据的接收信噪比SNR1和第二层数据的接收信噪比SNR2相比,SNR1的统计平均值是SNR2的统计平均值的2倍,而仿真结果表明SNR1大于SNR2的概率是75%,大于1/2。实际中,在接收第二层数据时,不可能完美的消除第一层数据的干扰,也就是第一层不可能总是被正确解码,必然存在一定的误码率,所以实际的SNR2会更小。如果接收端使用最小均方误差算法,也存在类似的结论。Assuming that the mobile phone has 2 antennas, only one of which is used for transmission, then the base station can transmit layer 2 data to the mobile phone. Usually the receiver uses the zero-forcing (ZF: Zero Forcing) algorithm or the minimum mean square error (MMSE: Minimal Mean-Square Error) algorithm. It has been proved that if the receiving end uses the zero-forcing algorithm, even if it is assumed that the interference of the first layer data is perfectly eliminated when receiving the second layer data, that is, assuming that the first layer is always correctly decoded, the received signal of the first layer data The noise ratio SNR1 is compared with the receiving signal-to-noise ratio SNR2 of the second-layer data. The statistical average value of SNR1 is twice the statistical average value of SNR2, and the simulation results show that the probability that SNR1 is greater than SNR2 is 75%, which is greater than 1/2. In practice, when receiving the second layer data, it is impossible to perfectly eliminate the interference of the first layer data, that is, the first layer cannot always be decoded correctly, there must be a certain bit error rate, so the actual SNR2 will be more Small. Similar conclusions also exist if the receiver uses the minimum mean square error algorithm.
接收端使用迫零算法时,以上结论的推导过程如下:When the receiving end uses the zero-forcing algorithm, the derivation process of the above conclusion is as follows:
1)假设基站有2个发射天线,手机有2个接收天线。信号发射和接收的数学表达式如下:1) Suppose the base station has 2 transmit antennas and the mobile phone has 2 receive antennas. The mathematical expressions of signal transmission and reception are as follows:
这里,r1和r2是手机的2个接收天线得到的接收信号,n1和n2是噪声,h1和h2分别是基站发射天线1和2到移动终端接收天线1的信道,如前所述,h1和h2已经被基站由TDD模式的信道对称特性得到,而g1和g2分别是基站发射天线1和2到移动终端接收天线2的信道,基站并不知道g1和g2。t1和t2是送到物理天线发射的信号,实际的发射信号s1和s2组成的向量与预编码矩阵相乘,得到t1和t2送到物理天线发射,相应数学表达式如下:Here, r 1 and r 2 are the received signals obtained by the two receiving antennas of the mobile phone, n 1 and n 2 are noises, h 1 and h 2 are the channels from the base station transmitting antenna 1 and 2 to the mobile terminal receiving antenna 1 respectively, such as As mentioned above, h 1 and h 2 have been obtained by the base station from the channel symmetry characteristics of the TDD mode, and g 1 and g 2 are the channels from the base station’s transmitting antenna 1 and 2 to the mobile terminal’s receiving antenna 2, and the base station does not know g 1 and g 2 . t 1 and t 2 are the signals sent to the physical antenna for transmission. The vector composed of the actual transmitted signals s 1 and s 2 is multiplied by the precoding matrix to obtain t 1 and t 2 and sent to the physical antenna for transmission. The corresponding mathematical expressions are as follows :
这里,
因为基站已经知道[h1 h2],所以第一层数据所使用的波束形成向量是
所以
从上面的公式得到
而
通过(1)可以得到信号s1的估计值,而得到的接收信噪比是
假设总是正确的(即假设求得的的误符号率是0,在实际中的误符号率不可能是0),那么可以在(2)中完全消除s1的干扰,然后(2)成为,
由(3)可以得到信号s2的估计值,而得到的接收信噪比是
注意,在通称的MIMO信道模型中,h1,h2,g1和g2都是彼此统计独立的复高斯随机变量,均值为零,不失一般性,假设其方差为单位值1。Note that in the so-called MIMO channel model, h 1 , h 2 , g 1 and g 2 are all complex Gaussian random variables that are statistically independent of each other, with a mean of zero, without loss of generality, assuming that their variance is unit value 1.
假设随机变量h1和h2的取值已经确定,而g1和g2随机,得到的接收信噪比的期望值是n。Assuming that the values of random variables h 1 and h 2 have been determined, and g 1 and g 2 are random, we get The expected value of the received signal-to-noise ratio is n.
而的接收信噪比的期望值是
所以证明了E{SNR1}=2E{SNR2},这一点也通过仿真得到了证实。仿真也证实了SNR1>SNR2的概率是75%,大于1/2。考虑到的误符号率不是0,从而不可能完全消除s1的干扰,那么SNR2的值比上面分析得到的更小,从而SNR1>SNR2的概率大于75%。So it is proved that E{SNR 1 }=2E{SNR 2 }, which is also confirmed by simulation. The simulation also confirmed that the probability of SNR 1 >SNR 2 is 75%, which is greater than 1/2. considering The symbol error rate is not 0, so it is impossible to completely eliminate the interference of s 1 , then the value of SNR 2 is smaller than the above analysis, so the probability of SNR 1 >SNR 2 is greater than 75%.
2)一般的,假设基站有M个发射天线,手机有N个接收天线(M大于等于2,N大于等于M)。信号发射和接收的数学表达式如下:2) Generally, it is assumed that the base station has M transmitting antennas, and the mobile phone has N receiving antennas (M is greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to M). The mathematical expressions of signal transmission and reception are as follows:
如前所述,[h11 h12…h1M]已经被基站由TDD模式的信道对称特性得到。t1,t2,...,tM是送到物理天线发射的信号,实际的发射信号s1,s2,...,sM组成的向量与预编码矩阵相乘,得到t1,t2,...,tM送到物理天线发射,相应数学表达式如下:As mentioned above, [h 11 h 12 …h 1M ] has been obtained by the base station from the channel symmetry property of the TDD mode. t 1 , t 2 ,..., t M are the signals sent to the physical antenna for transmission, and the actual transmitted signal s 1 , s 2 ,..., s M is multiplied by the vector of the precoding matrix to obtain t 1 , t 2 ,..., t M are sent to the physical antenna for transmission, and the corresponding mathematical expressions are as follows:
这里,是预编码矩阵。here, is the precoding matrix.
因为基站已经知道[h11 h12…h1M],所以第一层数据s1所使用的波束形成向量是
假设手机有4个天线,其中只有1个用于发射,那么基站可以向手机传4层数据。已经证明,第一层的接收信噪比SNR1比其它3层的接收信噪比SNR2、SNR3、SNR4大得更多,因为第一层在接收时不存在干扰,而其它3层在接收时会互相干扰,即使接收时第一层的干扰已经被完美的消除。所以,在使用TDD模式的伪特征波束成形技术的同时,可以把尽可能多的信息比特分配到第一层。Assuming that the mobile phone has 4 antennas, only one of which is used for transmission, then the base station can transmit 4 layers of data to the mobile phone. It has been proved that the received signal-to-noise ratio SNR1 of the first layer is much larger than the received signal-to-noise ratios SNR2, SNR3, and SNR4 of the other three layers, because there is no interference when the first layer receives, while the other three layers will receive Mutual interference, even if the first layer of interference has been perfectly eliminated when receiving. Therefore, while using the pseudo eigenbeam forming technique of the TDD mode, as many information bits as possible can be allocated to the first layer.
另一种情况为:还有使用预编码矩阵的SCW的情况。高通在IEEE 802.20中的提案C802.20-05-69AirInterfaceSpec_Final_Update,“MBFDD and MBTDD:ProposedDraft Air Interface Specification”中的第12章“Precoding and SDMACodebooks”,给出了预编码矩阵的设计方案。该提案中定义了多个预编码矩阵,接收端反馈其中最优的一个预编码矩阵的序号,发射端使用该预编码矩阵,对发射信号进行预编码之后再发射。假设4发4收,接收端反馈一个最好的预编码矩阵的序号。因为预编码矩阵的第1列所对应的层的接收信噪比最好,第2列所对应的层的接收信噪比其次好,第3列所对应的层的接收信噪比较差,第4列所对应的层的接收信噪比最差,所以,把尽可能多的信息比特分配到第一层,其次第2层,再其次第3层。Another case is: there is also a case of SCW using a precoding matrix. Qualcomm's proposal C802.20-05-69AirInterfaceSpec_Final_Update in IEEE 802.20, Chapter 12 "Precoding and SDMACodebooks" in "MBFDD and MBTDD: ProposedDraft Air Interface Specification", gives the design of the precoding matrix. The proposal defines multiple precoding matrices, and the receiving end feeds back the sequence number of the optimal one of the precoding matrices, and the transmitting end uses the precoding matrix to precode the transmitted signal before transmitting. Assuming 4 transmissions and 4 receptions, the receiving end feeds back the serial number of the best precoding matrix. Because the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the first column of the precoding matrix is the best, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the second column is the second best, and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the third column is poor, The receiving SNR of the layer corresponding to the fourth column is the worst, so as many information bits as possible are allocated to the first layer, followed by the second layer, and then the third layer.
此外,如前所述,预编码模式下,通过仿真已经证明,在理想的预编码模式下,第m层的接收信噪比也比第m+1层平均高3dB以上,所以也可以假设有M层,那么至少一层所使用的调制方式的阶数高于其它的层。更具体的编号为第1、2、...、M层,那么第1层调制方式高于或者等于第2层,第2层调制方式高于或者等于第3层,...。上面的特征逐步增加,第1层分配的功率多于第2层,第2层分配的功率多于第3层,...以应用于单码字(SCW)模式。In addition, as mentioned above, in the precoding mode, it has been proved by simulation that in the ideal precoding mode, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the mth layer is also higher than that of the m+1th layer by more than 3dB on average, so it can also be assumed that there is M layers, then the modulation order used by at least one layer is higher than that of other layers. The more specific numbers are layers 1, 2, ..., M, then the modulation mode of the first layer is higher than or equal to the second layer, the modulation mode of the second layer is higher than or equal to the third layer, .... The above features are incrementally increased, with layer 1 allocating more power than layer 2, layer 2 allocating more power than layer 3, ... to be applied in single code word (SCW) mode.
如前所述,发射端充分利用已知的各天线接收信噪比相对大小的统计规律或者规律,即在两个天线的情况下,统计平均的结果是:第一层的接收信噪比的均值比第二层大3个dB。从而可以总是在第一层使用比第二层高一阶或多阶的调制方式,比如第二层使用QPSK调制方式则第一层使用16QAM调制方式,第二层使用16QAM调制方式则第一层使用64QAM调制方式。As mentioned above, the transmitting end makes full use of the known statistical rules or rules of the relative size of the received signal-to-noise ratio of each antenna, that is, in the case of two antennas, the result of the statistical average is: the received signal-to-noise ratio of the first layer The mean is 3 dB greater than the second layer. Therefore, the first layer can always use a modulation method that is one or more orders higher than the second layer. For example, if the second layer uses QPSK modulation, the first layer uses 16QAM modulation, and the second layer uses 16QAM modulation, then the first layer uses 64QAM modulation method.
此外,在第一层使用较高阶调制方式的同时,本发明的方案还给第一层分配较高的功率,这样做的原因有两点:In addition, while the first layer uses a higher-order modulation method, the solution of the present invention also allocates higher power to the first layer. There are two reasons for this:
1)现在的通信标准中,数据传输所使用的调制方式主要是QPSK、16QAM和64QAM这三种。而为了达到相同的误比特率,16QAM比QPSK所需要的信噪比通常要高5dB以上,64QAM比16QAM所需要的信噪比通常要高5dB以上。如前所述,第一层的接收信噪比的均值比第二层的接收信噪比只大3dB,所以,通过给第一层分配更多的功率,可以使得第一层的接收信噪比比第二层的接收信噪比大接近5dB,从而使得Turbo编码后通过信道传输的各个比特在接收端的误比特率比较接近。而根据Turbo码的原理,如果Turbo编码后的各个比特在接收端的误比特率比较接近,则整体的误包率较小。1) In current communication standards, the modulation methods used for data transmission are mainly QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. In order to achieve the same bit error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio required by 16QAM is usually more than 5dB higher than that required by QPSK, and the signal-to-noise ratio required by 64QAM is usually more than 5dB higher than that required by 16QAM. As mentioned earlier, the average value of the received SNR of the first layer is only 3dB larger than that of the second layer. Therefore, by allocating more power to the first layer, the received SNR of the first layer can be made It is close to 5dB higher than the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the second layer, so that the bit error rate of each bit transmitted through the channel after Turbo coding is relatively close at the receiving end. According to the principle of the Turbo code, if the bit error rate of each bit after Turbo coding is relatively close at the receiving end, the overall packet error rate is small.
2)给第一层分配更多的功率,还因为根据Water-Filling定理,这样做信道容量甚至更大。Water-Filling定理:给接收信噪比较高的层分配较多功率,信道容量可以更大。2) More power is allocated to the first layer, also because the channel capacity is even greater according to the Water-Filling theorem. Water-Filling theorem: Allocate more power to the layer with higher receiving signal-to-noise ratio, and the channel capacity can be larger.
下面详细说明本发明的一个实施方案:An embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below:
假设有两个发射天线和两个接收天线,将发射天线支持的所有调制和编码方式(Modulation&Coding Scheme,简称MCS)制成一个表,一个常用的例子如表2所示,同时保存在发射端和接收端。接收端根据信道情况算出信干噪比(Signal to Interference and NoiseRatio,简称SINR),将MCS索引反馈至发射端。Assuming that there are two transmitting antennas and two receiving antennas, all the modulation and coding schemes (Modulation&Coding Scheme, MCS for short) supported by the transmitting antennas are made into a table. A common example is shown in Table 2, which is stored at the transmitting end and at the same time Receiving end. The receiving end calculates the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) according to the channel conditions, and feeds back the MCS index to the transmitting end.
表2:MCS映射表Table 2: MCS mapping table
对于单码字和数据包,待发送的数据流首先经过信道编码、信道交织、速率匹配等操作,然后分路为两路比特流,这两路比特流再分别进行不同的星座图映射(即,调制)(比如第一层发射的比特流使用16QAM方式进行星座图映射,而第二层发射的比特流使用QPSK方式进行星座图映射),得到的符号流再经不同的层发射出去(2为发射天线的数目,也是层的数目,现有技术说的是通过不同的发射天线发送,本发明用不同的层,因为TDD就是用不同的层发送,层相当于一个波束,可以看作是一个虚拟天线)。通过上述两层发射的比特流所包含的比特数并不相同,因为1个QPSK符号可以传输2比特信息,1个16QAM符号可以传输4比特信息,而1个64QAM符号可以传输6比特信息,而每一层的符号率,即传输多少个符号是相同的,所以,如果第一层发射的比特流采用16QAM方式进行星座图映射,第二层发射的比特流采用QPSK方式进行星座图映射,那么第一层发射的比特流所包含的比特数是第二层发射的比特流所包含的比特数的2倍;而如果第一层发射的比特流采用64QAM方式进行星座图映射,第二层发射的比特流采用16QAM方式进行星座图映射,那么第一层发射的比特流所包含的比特数是第二层发射的比特流所包含的比特数的3/2=1.5倍。接收端计算出发射端的两层各自的接收SINR,由此得到两层的平均接收SINR,查MCS索引表(即表2)反馈平均的MCS。For single codewords and data packets, the data stream to be sent is firstly subjected to operations such as channel coding, channel interleaving, and rate matching, and then split into two bit streams, and the two bit streams are then mapped to different constellation diagrams (i.e. , modulation) (for example, the bit stream transmitted by the first layer uses 16QAM method for constellation map mapping, and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer uses QPSK method for constellation map mapping), and the obtained symbol stream is then transmitted through different layers (2 The number of transmitting antennas is also the number of layers. The prior art refers to sending through different transmitting antennas. The present invention uses different layers, because TDD uses different layers to send, and a layer is equivalent to a beam, which can be regarded as a virtual antenna). The number of bits contained in the bit stream transmitted through the above two layers is not the same, because 1 QPSK symbol can transmit 2-bit information, 1 16QAM symbol can transmit 4-bit information, and 1 64QAM symbol can transmit 6-bit information, and The symbol rate of each layer, that is, how many symbols are transmitted, is the same. Therefore, if the bit stream transmitted by the first layer uses 16QAM for constellation mapping, and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer uses QPSK for constellation mapping, then The number of bits contained in the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is twice the number of bits contained in the bit stream transmitted by the second layer; and if the bit stream transmitted by the first layer uses 64QAM for constellation map mapping, the second layer transmits 16QAM mode is used for constellation map mapping of the bit stream, then the number of bits contained in the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is 3/2=1.5 times the number of bits contained in the bit stream transmitted by the second layer. The receiving end calculates the receiving SINR of the two layers of the transmitting end, thereby obtaining the average receiving SINR of the two layers, and checks the MCS index table (ie, Table 2) to feed back the average MCS.
在发射端待发射数据流采用统一的信道编码器、RM(RateMatching,速率匹配)方式,但各层采用不同的调制方式,然后把所有数据分到各个层,进行相应的处理后发射出去。根据系统所采用的多址方式的不同,这两层所发射的数据占用相同的信道码或频率或时间等信道资源。The data stream to be transmitted at the transmitter adopts a unified channel encoder and RM (Rate Matching, rate matching) method, but each layer adopts a different modulation method, and then divides all data into each layer, performs corresponding processing and then transmits. According to the different multiple access methods adopted by the system, the data transmitted by the two layers occupy the same channel resources such as channel code or frequency or time.
如图2所示,分路器将经过速率匹配之后的比特序列按照一定规则分到各个天线上传输,如前所述,这两路比特流再分别经过不同的星座图映射(比如第一层发射的比特流使用16QAM进行星座图映射,而第二层发射的比特流使用QPSK进行星座图映射),得到的符号流再经不同的层发射出去。As shown in Figure 2, the splitter divides the bit sequence after rate matching to each antenna for transmission according to certain rules. The transmitted bit stream uses 16QAM for constellation map mapping, and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer uses QPSK for constellation map mapping), and the obtained symbol stream is then transmitted through different layers.
其中,星座图映射包括BPSK、QPSK、8PSK、16QAM、64QAM(标准中常用的是QPSK、16QAM、64QAM三种)等调制方式。SCW这种方式的反馈量较少,而且由于采用的信道编码器只有一个,因此CRC校验是针对所有发射天线上的数据,所以H-ARQ机制较为简单,一旦CRC校验显示出错,那么当前处理的所有数据进行重传,只需要一个ACK/NACK信号即可。Among them, the constellation map mapping includes modulation methods such as BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM (QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM are commonly used in standards). SCW has less feedback in this way, and since there is only one channel encoder, the CRC check is for the data on all transmit antennas, so the H-ARQ mechanism is relatively simple. Once the CRC check shows an error, the current All processed data is retransmitted, only one ACK/NACK signal is required.
在某个发射信噪比下,MMSE(最小均方误差)线形接收机时,仿真已经验证,总功率不变,而第一层的功率是第二层的功率的两倍的情况下,信道容量至少不小于功率平均分配方案的信道容量;而仿真也证明,第一层的功率是1.19,而第二层的功率是0.77的情况下,平均的信道容量最大。Under a certain transmit signal-to-noise ratio, when the MMSE (minimum mean square error) linear receiver has been verified by simulation, the total power remains unchanged, and the power of the first layer is twice the power of the second layer, the channel The capacity is at least not less than the channel capacity of the power average allocation scheme; and the simulation also proves that when the power of the first layer is 1.19 and the power of the second layer is 0.77, the average channel capacity is the largest.
本发明的方案,已经经过仿真验证,仿真已经表明,本发明的技术的效果。下面介绍仿真,其条件为:The solution of the present invention has been verified by simulation, and the simulation has shown the effect of the technology of the present invention. The following describes the simulation, the conditions of which are:
1)两个发射天线两个接收天线,输入信息比特长度总是256。发射端都使用伪特征波束形成技术。1) Two transmitting antennas and two receiving antennas, the bit length of the input information is always 256. Both transmitters use pseudo-eigen beamforming techniques.
2)发射端调制方式有以下三种:2) There are three modulation modes at the transmitting end:
调制方式a,两层发射的比特流都使用QPSK调制方式,那么天线上传输的总比特数=512,编码码率=1/2;Modulation mode a, the bit streams transmitted by both layers use QPSK modulation mode, then the total number of bits transmitted on the antenna = 512, and the coding rate = 1/2;
调制方式b,第一层发射的比特流使用16QAM进行调制,第二层发射的比特流使用QPSK进行调制,那么天线上传输的总比特数=768,编码码率=1/3(本发明的独特方法);Modulation mode b, the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is modulated using 16QAM, and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer is modulated using QPSK, then the total number of bits transmitted on the antenna=768, and the encoding code rate=1/3 (the present invention unique method);
调制方式c,两层发射的比特流都使用16QAM,那么天线上传输的总比特数=1024,编码码率=1/4。Modulation mode c, the bit streams transmitted on both layers use 16QAM, then the total number of bits transmitted on the antenna = 1024, and the coding rate = 1/4.
仿真已经证明b的效果比a或者c都好,如果在第一层分配较多功率,而总功率不变,那么b的效果可以进一步改善。Simulation has proved that the effect of b is better than that of a or c. If more power is allocated in the first layer and the total power remains unchanged, then the effect of b can be further improved.
在本发明中,发射端充分利用已知的各天线接收信噪比相对大小的统计规律或者规律,把尽可能多的信息比特分配到接收信噪比较好或者统计平均的接收信噪比较好的发射天线上。这样,节省了系统资源,提高系统性能。In the present invention, the transmitting end makes full use of the known statistical rules or laws of the relative size of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of each antenna, and allocates as many information bits as possible to receiving signal-to-noise ratios with better or statistically averaged receiving signal-to-noise ratios. Good transmitting antenna. In this way, system resources are saved and system performance is improved.
上面的技术方案也可以推广到MCW(多码字模式)。即,TDD模式下,使用伪特征波束成形(pseudo-eigen-beamforming)技术时,上述的技术方案也推广到MCW(多码字模式);而使用预编码技术时,上述的技术方案也推广到MCW(多码字模式)。The above technical solutions can also be extended to MCW (Multiple Codeword Mode). That is, in TDD mode, when pseudo-eigen-beamforming (pseudo-eigen-beamforming) technology is used, the above-mentioned technical solution is also extended to MCW (multi-codeword mode); and when pre-coding technology is used, the above-mentioned technical solution is also extended to MCW (Multiple Codeword Mode).
有以下的几种情况:There are several situations:
1、在前述的情况b下,尽量把每一路数据流的信息比特放在TDD模式的第一层,或者放在预编码技术时第一层再优先第二层如此依次递推。(因为情况a的时候,每一路用的层固定,所以不适用于本方案。)1. In the aforementioned case b, try to put the information bits of each data stream on the first layer of the TDD mode, or put them in the first layer of the precoding technology, and then give priority to the second layer, and so on. (Because in case a, the layer used by each channel is fixed, so it is not applicable to this solution.)
2、在前述的情况b下,TDD模式的第一层采用较高阶的调制方式;预编码技术时第一层调制方式高于或者等于第二层,第二层调制方式高于或者等于第三层,如此依次递推。作为补充,TDD模式的第一层分配较多的功率;预编码技术时第一层功率高于或者等于第二层,第二层功率高于或者等于第三层,如此依次递推。2. In the aforementioned case b, the first layer of the TDD mode adopts a higher-order modulation method; in precoding technology, the modulation method of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, and the modulation method of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer. Three layers, and so on. As a supplement, the first layer of the TDD mode allocates more power; in the precoding technology, the power of the first layer is higher than or equal to the second layer, and the power of the second layer is higher than or equal to the third layer, and so on.
3、在前述的情况a下,单纯为TDD模式的第一层分配较高的功率;预编码技术时第一层功率高于或者等于第二层,第二层功率高于或者等于第三层,如此依次递推。这样就会有增益,因为由Water-Filling定理,这样可以提高信道容量,而每一层都是自适应调制的,所以可以达到其接收SINR所能允许的最大MCS。3. In the aforementioned case a, higher power is simply allocated to the first layer of the TDD mode; in precoding technology, the power of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, and the power of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the third layer , and so on in turn. In this way, there will be gains, because according to the Water-Filling theorem, the channel capacity can be improved, and each layer is adaptively modulated, so it can reach the maximum MCS allowed by its received SINR.
4、在前述的情况a下,TDD模式的第一层采用较高数据传输速率的MCS;预编码技术时第一层的MCS的数据传输速率高于或者等于第二层,第二层的MCS的数据传输速率高于或者等于第三层,如此依次递推。作为补充,TDD模式的第一层固定分配较多的功率;预编码技术时第一层功率高于或者等于第二层,第二层功率高于或者等于第三层,如此依次递推。所说的较高数据传输速率的MCS,是指该MCS下传输的信息较多,比如16QAM 2/3码率的MCS传输的信息多于QPSK 2/3码率的MCS,也多于16QAM 1/2码率的MCS,也就是可以调制方式相同而Turbo码的码率较高从而达到较高的数据传输速率。4. In the aforementioned case a, the first layer of the TDD mode adopts MCS with a higher data transmission rate; when the precoding technology is used, the data transmission rate of the MCS of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, and the MCS of the second layer The data transmission rate is higher than or equal to the third layer, and so on. As a supplement, the first layer of the TDD mode allocates more power fixedly; in the precoding technology, the power of the first layer is higher than or equal to the second layer, and the power of the second layer is higher than or equal to the third layer, and so on. The so-called MCS with a higher data transmission rate means that more information is transmitted under the MCS. For example, the MCS with a 16QAM 2/3 code rate transmits more information than the MCS with a QPSK 2/3 code rate, and more than 16QAM 1 MCS with a code rate of /2 means that the same modulation method can be used but the code rate of the Turbo code is higher to achieve a higher data transmission rate.
通过这种规定,可以达到减少MCW的反馈量的效果。假设发射端有两个天线从而有两层,MCS表格有32种MCS用5个比特指示,通常两层所取的MCS排列有25×25=210种从而需要10个比特的反馈,现在规定了第一层的MCS传输速率必然高于或者等于第二层以后,那么当第二层的MCS分别为1,2,3,...32,则第一层的MCS分别为1-32,2=32,3-32,...,32,从而共计的可能情况减少为
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN102723976A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-10 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Beamforming method and beamforming device |
CN101355412B (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2013-07-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for transmitting signal |
US8571128B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2013-10-29 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method to generate beamforming vector and provide the information for generating beamforming vector |
CN105830411A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-08-03 | 松下电器(美国)知识产权公司 | Transmission method, reception method, transmission device, and reception device |
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US7197084B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Precoding for a multipath channel in a MIMO system |
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US20060002414A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-05 | Jianxuan Du | Statistical data rate allocation for MIMO systems |
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- 2006-09-08 CN CN200610153203XA patent/CN101141166B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US10879968B2 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2020-12-29 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Data processing method, transmission control device, and receive end |
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US11368951B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2022-06-21 | Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. | Uplink transmission method, network side device and terminal |
CN108632003A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-10-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of information transferring method and device |
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WO2008031359A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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