CN101141166A - Data transmission device - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN101141166A
CN101141166A CNA200610153203XA CN200610153203A CN101141166A CN 101141166 A CN101141166 A CN 101141166A CN A200610153203X A CNA200610153203X A CN A200610153203XA CN 200610153203 A CN200610153203 A CN 200610153203A CN 101141166 A CN101141166 A CN 101141166A
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layer
layers
data
data transmission
transmitting
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CN101141166B (en
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刘晟
朱胡飞
杜颖钢
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2007/070655 priority patent/WO2008031359A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H04B7/043—Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention provides a plurality of data transmitting devices. Wherein, a first data transmitting device comprises a plurality of transmitting modules to transmit data streams to a data receiving device by means of fake characteristic beam forming technology under TDD mode, a data processing module to process data streams to be transmitted and distribute processed data streams to one or a plurality of layers. The layer redistributes these data streams to these transmitting modules for transmission. Bit quantity of layer information distributed through the fake characteristic beam forming technology exceeds bit quantity distributed for other layer information. The data transmitting device is applicable to monocode modes. The data transmitting device of the present invention can make full use of statistical rules relative to receiving SNR at receiving end for the transmitting module, reject feedback of the receiving end and save system resources.

Description

Data transmitting apparatus
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a data transmission apparatus.
Background
According to the information theory, the transmission bit rate of the system can be greatly improved by using the multi-antenna array at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the communication system, or at the two ends simultaneously.
The application of MIMO (multiple-Input multiple-Output) technology in wireless communication systems is receiving more and more attention, and MIMO has irreplaceable superiority both from the viewpoint of increasing system capacity and improving system performance.
Fig. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system with a space-time architecture using multiple antenna arrays simultaneously at a transmitting end and a receiving end. This system, also called MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system, operates in a rayleigh scattering environment, and the individual elements of the channel matrix can be approximately considered statistically independent. In the system shown in fig. 1, a data sequence may be divided into M uncorrelated symbol subsequences, each of which is transmitted by one of M transmit antennas. After being affected by a channel with a channel matrix H, the M subsequences can be received by N receiving antennas at the receiving end. Transmitting signal s 1 ，...，s M a-M, corresponding received signals x may be transmitted via M different antenna elements a-1 1 ，...，x N Received from N different antenna elements b-1. In the communication system, the number of transmitting antenna elements M is at least 2, and the number of receiving antenna elements N is at least M. The channel matrix H is an N × M matrix in which the elements in the ith row and j column represent the coupling of the ith receive antenna and the jth transmit antenna through the transmission channel. Received signal x 1 ，...，x N In a digital signal processorProcessing to produce a recovered transmit signal
Figure A20061015320300111
，...，
Figure A20061015320300112
. Also shown in this figure are summation components c-1, c-2, c-N, which represent the contained unavoidable noise signal w 1 ，w 2 ，...，w N These noise signals are added to the signals received by the receive antenna units b-1,b-2.
In the MIMO system shown in fig. 1, a Single Code Word (SCW) mode may be used. The single codeword scheme is described in the IEEE802.20 standard and in the proposals submitted to LTE by some companies. In the single code word mode, a transmitting terminal transmits signals to a receiving terminal by using M virtual antenna ports, wherein M is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4. On a plurality of virtual transmitting antennas, only one path of coded data stream is transmitted at each moment, and a plurality of symbols in the data stream are transmitted to each virtual transmitting antenna after serial-parallel conversion. In each TTI (transmission Time Interval), the receiving end only feeds back a CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) information and an ACK/NACK information, where The CQI information tells The transmitting end what MCS (modulation and Channel coding scheme) is used for transmitting a coded data in a corresponding TTI, and The ACK/NACK information tells The transmitting end whether The coded data in a corresponding TTI has been correctly decoded by The receiving end.
For the above transmission scheme, the receiver may be a simple linear receiver, such as a space-time or space-frequency implementation of a well-known MMSE (minimum mean square error) equalizer, or a complex receiver that performs nonlinear joint demodulation on spatially multiplexed data, such as a nonlinear receiver that employs an interference cancellation technique.
In the SCW mode specified in the IEEE802.20 standard, a receiving end feeds back a dimension (Rank) K of spatial multiplexing, and a transmitting end performs spatial multiplexing transmission by using K of all available M transmitting antennas at each moment in a TTI (transmission time interval) according to the dimension K; the transmitting end uses all M transmitting antennas alternately at each time in one TTI, that is, each transmitting antenna is used alternately, rather than only using fixed ones of MAnd K is used. For example, the transmitting end has 4 transmittersThe transmitting antennas 1,2,3, 4, if it is determined that 2 transmitting antennas are used in the signal transmission, 2 transmitting antennas are used at each time, but which 2 transmitting antennas are used varies with time, several transmitting antennas 1,2 are used at several times, transmitting antennas 3, 4 are used at several times, and transmitting antennas 2,3 are used at several times, so that the transmitting antennas used are alternated in sequence until all possible combinations are traversed (where C is common) 4 2 =6 combinations, namely antennas 1,2, antennas 3, 4, antennas 1, 3, antennas 2, 4, antennas 1, 4, antennas 2, 3.
The concept of TTI and symbol period described above is presented here. In order to combat channel fading, and transmission errors caused by channel interference and noise, a transmitting end divides data to be transmitted into a plurality of data packets (blocks), performs channel coding and interleaving on information bits in the same data packet, modulates the information bits into a plurality of symbols, and transmits the symbols through a channel, wherein the length of time required for transmitting such a data packet determines the length of one TTI. The receiving end receives all the symbols contained in the same data packet, and then carries out de-interleaving and decoding. In the present invention, a TTI refers to the time interval for transmitting such a packet.
Each symbol in a data packet transmitted in one TTI may be distributed in different time intervals, or in different frequency intervals, or in different time intervals and different frequency intervals on a two-dimensional plane of the time domain and the frequency domain. A symbol period as used herein refers to an interval occupied in the time domain, an interval occupied in the frequency domain, or an interval occupied in the two-dimensional plane of the time domain and the frequency domain of a symbol transmitted through a channel. For example, the document "MBFDD and MBTDD" of IEEE802.20 Standard 2006-01-06: in the MIMO OFDM communication scheme described in the deployed Draft Air Interface Specification ", one data packet uses 8 OFDM symbols in the time domain, each OFDM symbol occupies 16 subcarriers in the frequency domain, so that one symbol period refers to an interval in a two-dimensional plane of the time domain and the frequency domain, that is, 1 subcarrier in 1 OFDM symbol in the time domain, and the data packet has 8 × 16=128 symbol periods.
In The MIMO technology, in order to transmit data more effectively, the data rate of The transmitting end needs to be controlled, as described above, in The prior art, the receiving end feeds back a CQI information to tell The transmitting end to transmit a coded data in a corresponding TTI, using a modulation and channel coding scheme (MCS), thereby controlling The data rate of The transmitting end.
At present, a general method is to make all Modulation and Coding schemes (MCS for short) supported by a transmitting antenna into a table, and a common example is shown in table 1 and is stored in a transmitting end and a receiving end at the same time. The receiving end calculates a Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) according to the channel condition, determines what MCS the current channel condition can support based on the calculated SINR, and feeds back an index of the MCS.
MCS index Spectral efficiency (Bps/Hz) Modulation Encoding rate Bit representation
6 3 16QAM 3/4 100
5 2 16QAM 1/2 110
4 1.5 QPSK 3/4 010
3 1 QPSK 1/2 011
2 0.5 QPSK 1/4 001
1 (non-emitting) 0 - - 000
Table 1: MCS mapping table
For a single codeword, the data stream to be transmitted first undergoes operations such as channel coding, channel interleaving, rate matching, constellation mapping, etc., and then is split into K paths of data streams with the same rate, which are transmitted via different antennas respectively (K is less than or equal to M, where M is the number of transmitting antennas). In case the signal-to-noise ratio is high and the terms of the channel matrix H are uncorrelated, typically K = M, so in the following description, embodiments are given for the common case of K = M. The receiving end calculates the average received SINR of all transmitting antennas (which may be virtual transmitting antennas), and checks the MCS index table to feed back the index of the MCS to be used by the transmitting end. At the transmitting end, as shown in fig. 2, a data stream to be transmitted adopts a uniform channel encoder, an RM (Rate Matching) mode and a modulation mode, and then all data is equally divided into each antenna, and is transmitted after being correspondingly processed. According to different multi-address modes adopted by the system, the data of the M transmitting antennas occupy the same channel resources such as channel codes, frequency or time and the like.
As shown in FIG. 2, the channel coding module 202 is a code rate 1/5 Turbo code. The channel interleaving module 204 includes two sub-modules, bit separation and bit permutation, respectively. The rate matching module 206 performs puncturing or repetition on the transmitted sequence according to the required length. The splitter 208 splits the sequence after rate matching to each antenna according to a certain rule for transmission. In the conventional SCW, information bits in a sequence are equally distributed to each antenna. The modulation module 210 includes two sub-modules, which are a constellation mapping module 210a and a channelization processing module 210b, respectively, where the constellation mapping includes modulation modes such as BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and the channelization processing includes OFDM or spread spectrum, and the plurality of transmission modules may be antennas.
The feedback quantity of the SCW mode is less, and because only one channel encoder is adopted, the CRC check is specific to the data on all transmitting antennas, so that the H-ARQ mechanism is simpler, once the CRC check shows errors, all the data currently processed are retransmitted, and only one ACK/NACK signal is needed.
In the prior art, an information sequence (i.e., a data stream to be transmitted) in an SCW system is subjected to coding, interleaving, and rate matching, and then split, and information bits with equal length are uploaded to each antenna during splitting, that is, the information sequence is split equally to each antenna, and enters a channelization processing module after being added with a check sequence, and then is transmitted, as shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, the bits indicated by the diagonal grid are information bits, and the bits indicated by the grid are parity bits.
Since the average received SINR of all transmitting antennas is used in the feedback, if the SINRs on the M transmitting antennas are unequal or even greatly different, there are more bit errors on the antenna with the lower SINR, and especially the information bit error on the antenna with the lower SINR seriously affects the performance of the whole system, and the throughput of the system inevitably suffers loss.
There is a method in which the receiving end feeds back to the transmitting end so that the transmitting end knows which one or ones of its transmitting antennas receive the signal-to-noise ratio better. The transmitting end then allocates as many information bits as possible to the one or more transmitting antennas with better received signal-to-noise ratio to improve the receiving performance. The disadvantage of this method is the need for feedback, which is costly to use.
The receiving signal-to-noise ratios of the transmitting antennas at the receiving end are usually different, the same modulation mode is adopted, the characteristics that the receiving signal-to-noise ratios are different cannot be fully utilized, a high-order modulation mode is adopted for the transmitting antenna with higher receiving signal-to-noise ratio, and a low-order modulation mode is adopted for the transmitting antenna with lower receiving signal-to-noise ratio.
The channel matrix of MIMO changes with time, so at each time, the magnitude of the received snr of each transmitting antenna at the receiving end and the relative magnitude of each other change, so if an appropriate modulation scheme is to be adopted at each transmitting antenna according to the magnitude of the received snr of each transmitting antenna at the receiving end, feedback is usually required, and the receiving end notifies the transmitting end what modulation scheme is suitable for each antenna of the transmitting end. The disadvantage of this method is the need for feedback, which is costly to use.
Furthermore, besides the single codeword mode described above, there is also MCW (multiple codeword mode), and the method of the present invention can also be generalized to multiple codeword modes. The following describes the multi-codeword scheme.
In the MIMO system shown in fig. 1, a multi-codeword mode may be used. In a multi-code-word mode, a transmitting terminal transmits signals to a receiving terminal by using M virtual antenna ports, wherein M is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4. And transmitting K (K is less than or equal to M) paths of coded data streams at each moment on a plurality of virtual transmitting antennas, and distributing each path of the K paths of data streams to each virtual transmitting antenna for transmission. At each TTI, the receiving end feeds back K pieces of CQI (channel quality indication) information and K pieces of ACK/NACK information, wherein the CQI information tells the transmitting end what MCS (modulation and channel coding scheme) each path of coded data in K paths transmitted by a corresponding TTI is adopted, and the ACK/NACK information tells the transmitting end whether each path of coded data in the K paths transmitted by the corresponding TTI is correctly decoded by the receiving end.
For the above transmission method, the receiver may be a simple linear receiver or a complex nonlinear receiver using interference cancellation technology, and for the multi-codeword mode, a large gain can be obtained by using the interference cancellation technology, so the multi-codeword mode usually uses the nonlinear receiver for interference cancellation.
In the MCW mode, the receiving end feeds back K (K is less than or equal to M) CQIs, and indicates MCS of K paths of encoded data streams, respectively. There are also two cases of MCW mode:
1. case a: each path of the K paths of encoded data streams is fixed to a certain virtual antenna (i.e., layer) or physical antenna for transmission.
2. Case b: each of the K data streams is transmitted through all virtual antennas (i.e., layers) or physical antennas, that is, the path uses the antenna in one symbol period and uses another antenna in the next symbol period, and in this way, each path traverses all the antennas.
For multi-code words, a data stream to be transmitted is first split into K paths, then each path is subjected to operations such as channel coding, channel interleaving, rate matching, constellation mapping and the like, and then transmitted through antennas (K is less than or equal to M, and M is the number of transmitting antennas). In case the signal-to-noise ratio is high and the terms of the channel matrix H are uncorrelated, K = M is typical, so in the following description, embodiments are given for the common K = M case. As mentioned above, each path may be fixed to a certain antenna for transmission, or alternatively, each path may traverse all the transmitting antennas, i.e., transmit through all the transmitting antennas, in all the symbol periods of a TTI.
The receiving end calculates the receiving SINR of each path, and checks the index of MCS which should be adopted by each path of the transmitting end fed back by the MCS index table, when the receiving end adopts the interference elimination receiver, the calculation of the receiving SINR needs to consider the gain of interference elimination.
The concept of the layers described above is introduced here. In some MIMO techniques, such as pseudo-eigen-beamforming (pseudo-eigen-beamforming) technique and MIMO precoding technique in TDD mode, which will be described in detail below, the left side of the column vector of the transmission signal is multiplied by a matrix and then sent to each physical antenna for transmission. Accordingly, each transmitted signal is multiplied by a column in the matrix, and the results are sent to each physical antenna, which we refer to as the transmitted signal being transmitted through a layer, which corresponds to a beam or a virtual antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides several data sending devices aiming at the problems, which can make full use of the statistical rule of the relative magnitude of the received signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end of the transmitting module without the need of feedback at the receiving end, thereby saving the system resources.
A first data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send a data stream to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the number of information bits distributed to the layers using the pseudo eigen-beam forming technology is greater than the number of information bits distributed to other layers. Wherein the first data transmission means is applied in single codeword mode.
A second data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send a data stream to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be sent and distributing the data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the modulation mode used by the layer using the pseudo eigen beam forming technology is one or more orders higher than the modulation mode used by other layers. Wherein the data processing module allocates higher power to a layer using the pseudo eigen-beamforming technique than to other layers. The second data transmission apparatus is applied to the single codeword mode.
A third data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the precoding matrix has M columns, each column corresponds to one layer, and the number of information bits distributed to at least one layer in the precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits distributed to other layers except the layer. Wherein at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher received signal to interference ratio value, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower received signal to interference ratio value than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be a layer or layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The allocation mode of the information bits is as follows: as many information bits as possible are sequentially allocated to at least one layer and other layers than the layer. The third type of data transmission apparatus is applied to a single codeword mode.
A fourth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the order of the modulation mode used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the order of the modulation modes of other layers except the layer. Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The data processing module allocates power to at least one layer higher than power allocated to layers other than the layer. The fourth data transmission device is applied to the single codeword mode.
A fifth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be transmitted and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and each layer is distributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein each path of data stream uses each layer in a round-robin manner, and for each path of data stream, information bits are distributed to the layer using the pseudo-characteristic beam forming technology as much as possible.
A sixth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams circularly use each layer, and the modulation mode adopted by each path of data stream in the layer using the pseudo-characteristic beam forming technology is one or more orders higher than the modulation mode used by the path of data stream in other layers. For each data stream, the data processing module allocates higher power to the layer using the pseudo eigen-beamforming technique than to the other layers.
A seventh data transmitting apparatus of the present invention comprises: the transmitting modules are used for transmitting one or more paths of data streams to the data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more data streams to be transmitted and distributing the one or more data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the one or more data streams use each layer in turn, and for each data stream, the number of information bits distributed to at least one layer in the precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits distributed to at least one layer except the layer.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The allocation mode of the information bits is as follows: as many information bits as possible are allocated to at least one layer and other layers than the layer in turn.
An eighth data transmission device of the present invention includes: the transmitting modules are used for transmitting one or more paths of data streams to the data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be transmitted and distributing one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the one or more paths of data streams use each layer in turn, and for each path of data stream, the order of the modulation mode used by at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is higher than the order of the modulation modes used by other layers except the layer.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The allocation mode of the information bits is as follows: for each data stream, at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is allocated more power than other layers except the layer.
A ninth data transmission device of the present invention comprises: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by the layer using the pseudo eigen-beam forming technology is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers. The power allocated to the first layer using the pseudo eigen-beamforming technique is higher than the power allocated to the other layers.
A tenth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by one layer, and the power distributed to the layer using the pseudo eigen beam forming technology is higher than the power distributed to other layers.
An eleventh data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules, wherein the one or more paths of data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers except the layer.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer is a layer or layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. At least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than other layers except the layer.
A twelfth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules, wherein the one or more paths of data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the power distributed to at least one layer in the precoding mode is more than the power distributed to other layers except the layer.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,
fig. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system with a space-time architecture using multiple antenna arrays simultaneously at a transmitting end and a receiving end.
Fig. 2 is a MIMO structure of a single codeword mode according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a manner of bit allocation on each antenna in a single codeword system according to the prior art; and
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to the present invention. The data transmitting device of the invention comprises a plurality of transmitting modules, and after the left side of a column vector formed by one or a plurality of transmitting signals is multiplied by a matrix, the column vector is sent to each transmitting module for transmission. Accordingly, each transmitted signal is multiplied by a column in the matrix, and the results are sent to the respective transmitting modules, which is called that the transmitted signal is transmitted through a layer, which is equivalent to a beam or a virtual antenna.
A first data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send a data stream to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the number of information bits distributed to the first layer using the pseudo eigen-beam forming technology is greater than the number of information bits distributed to other layers. More specifically, the first layer is allocated as many information bits as possible. The first data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the single codeword mode.
A second data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send a data stream to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and a data processing module, configured to process a data stream to be sent and allocate the data stream to one or more layers, where the layers are allocated to the multiple transmitting modules for transmission, and a modulation scheme used by a layer (i.e., a first layer) using a pseudo eigen-beam forming technique is one or more orders higher than modulation schemes used by other layers. Wherein the data processing module allocates higher power to a layer using the pseudo eigen-beamforming technique than to other layers. The second data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the single codeword mode.
A third data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the precoding matrix has M columns, each column corresponds to one layer, and the number of information bits distributed to at least one layer in the precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits distributed to other layers except the layer. The third data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the single codeword mode.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the other layers except the layer may be all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer may be all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The allocation mode of the information bits is as follows: as many information bits as possible are sequentially allocated to at least one layer and other layers than the layer. The information bits may be allocated in the following manner: i.e. in turn, as many information bits as possible are allocated to the layers with the smaller sequence numbers.
A fourth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are distributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the order of the modulation mode used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the order of the modulation modes of other layers except the layer. For example, a first layer 64QAM, a second layer 64QAM, a third layer 16QAM, a fourth layer QPSK.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the other layers except the layer may be all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer may be all layers having a number greater than the number of at least one layer. The data processing module allocates a higher power to at least one layer than to the layers other than the layer. The fourth data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the single codeword mode.
A fifth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded independently; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein each path of data stream uses each layer in a round-robin manner. For each data stream, as many information bits as possible in the data stream are allocated to the first layer using the pseudo-characteristic beamforming technique. The fifth data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multiple codeword mode.
A sixth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique in a TDD mode, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded separately; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and redistributing the layers to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams use each layer in turn, and the modulation mode adopted by each path of data stream in the first layer using the pseudo-eigen-beam forming technology is one or more orders of magnitude higher than the modulation mode used by the path of data stream in other layers. Wherein, for each data flow, the power distributed by the data processing module to the first layer using the pseudo-eigen-beam forming technology is higher than the power distributed to other layers. The sixth data transmission device of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
A seventh data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, for transmitting one or more data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode, wherein each data stream is modulated and channel coded independently; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and distributing the layers to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams use each layer in a circulating manner. For each data stream, the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is greater than the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer other than the layer, i.e., as many information bits as possible are allocated to the first layer, and the remaining information bits are allocated to the second layer as many information bits as possible. The seventh data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
At least one layer is one or more layers having a higher received signal to interference ratio value, and the layers other than the one layer are all layers having a lower received signal to interference ratio value than the at least one layer. At least one layer is a layer or layers with a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers with a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The allocation mode of the information bits is as follows: as many information bits as possible are sequentially allocated to at least one layer and other layers than the layer.
An eighth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded independently; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and redistributing the layers to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams circularly use each layer. For each path of data stream, the order of the modulation mode used by at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is higher than the order of the modulation modes used by other layers except the layer.
For example, the first path of data stream is at a first layer 64QAM, a second layer 64QAM, a third layer 16QAM, and a fourth layer QPSK; and the second path of data flow is at the first layer of 16QAM, the second layer of 16QAM, the third layer of QPSK and the fourth layer of QPSK. Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the other layers except the layer may be all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer may be all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. The allocation mode of the information bits is as follows: for each data stream, at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is allocated with more power than the other layers except the layer. The eighth data transmission device of the present invention is applied to the case b of the multi-codeword mode.
A ninth data transmission device of the present invention comprises: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique in a TDD mode, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded separately; and a data processing module, configured to process one or more data streams to be sent respectively, allocate the one or more data streams to each layer, and redistribute the layers to multiple transmitting modules for transmission, where the one or more data streams are transmitted by using a certain layer, and a data transmission rate of an MCS (modulation and channel coding scheme) used by a first layer using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technology is higher than a data transmission rate of an MCS used by other layers. The ninth data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
A tenth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique in a TDD mode, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded separately; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and redistributing the layers to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using a certain layer, and the power distributed to the first layer using the pseudo eigen-beam forming technology is higher than the power distributed to other layers. The tenth data transmission apparatus of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
The ninth data transmission apparatus described above may be used simultaneously with the tenth data transmission apparatus.
An eleventh data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded independently; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more data streams to each layer, and distributing the layers to a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using a certain layer, and the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers except the layer. The eleventh data transmission device of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer may be all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer may be all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer. At least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than other layers except the layer.
A twelfth data transmission device of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode, where each data stream is modulated and channel-coded independently; and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules, wherein the one or more paths of data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using a certain layer, and the power distributed to at least one layer in the precoding mode is more than the power distributed to other layers except the layer. The twelfth data transmission device of the present invention is applied to the case a of the multi-codeword mode.
Wherein, at least one layer may be one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the other layers except the layer may be all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer. At least one layer may be one or more layers having a smaller number, and the layers other than the layer may be all layers having a number greater than the number of the at least one layer.
The eleventh data transmission apparatus described above may be used simultaneously with the twelfth data transmission apparatus.
The higher order of the modulation scheme means that the number of bits of information carried by one symbol of the modulation scheme is larger, for example, the number of bits of information carried by one symbol of the QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM modulation schemes is 2, 4, and 6, respectively, so it can be said that the order of the 16QAM modulation scheme is higher than that of the QPSK, and the order of the 64QAM modulation scheme is higher than that of the 16QAM modulation scheme.
The higher data transmission rate of the MCS (modulation and channel coding scheme) means that the number of data bits transmitted by the MCS is larger when the number of symbols included in one packet is the same. For example, the data transmission rate of the modulation scheme 16QAM and the MCS of the Turbo code rate 3/4 is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation scheme QPSK and the MCS of the Turbo code rate 3/4 and is also higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation scheme 16QAM and the MCS of the Turbo code rate 1/2.
The invention utilizes the fact that in some occasions, the transmitting end does not need to be fed back to know which of the transmitting antennas (transmitting modules) generally have better receiving signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end, which is known according to the statistical rule of the relative size of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end of the transmitting module.
One situation is: in the case of TDD, high-pass proposes a technique called pseudo-eigen-beamforming (pseudo-eigen-beamforming) in the Proposal C30-20060626-030R2_QCOM _UHDR-One _ Proposal _ v1.0, "Qualcomm Proposal for 3GPP2 Physical Layer" of AIE. This is for TDD mode, where a mobile terminal (e.g. a handset) usually has only 1 transmit antenna, and 2 to 4 receive antennas. More specifically, the mobile terminal has n (typically n = 2.., 4) antennas, of which only 1 is used for both transmission and reception, while the other n-1 is used for reception only. The base station utilizes the symmetric characteristic of uplink and downlink channels in the TDD mode, and can estimate the channel from each transmitting antenna of the base station to a receiving antenna when the transmitting antenna of the mobile terminal is used as the receiving antenna through the pilot frequency transmitted by 1 transmitting antenna of the mobile terminal in the uplink channel.
If multiple layers of data are transmitted to the mobile terminal, the first layer uses pseudo-eigen-beamforming technology, i.e. beamforming is performed using the channels from each transmitting antenna of the base station to the receiving antenna of the mobile terminal, which are known by the base station through symmetry. The other layers then transmit using beams that are orthogonal to the beams used by the first layer. This form of MIMO transmission is known as pseudo-eigen-beamforming (pseudo-eigen-beamforming).
Assuming that the handset has 2 antennas, only 1 of which is used for transmission, the base station can transmit layer 2 data to the handset. Usually, the receiving end uses Zero Forcing (ZF) algorithm or Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm. It has been proved that if the receiving end uses the zero forcing algorithm, even if the interference of the first layer data is perfectly eliminated when the second layer data is received, i.e. if the first layer is always correctly decoded, the received signal-to-noise ratio SNR1 of the first layer data is compared with the received signal-to-noise ratio SNR2 of the second layer data, the statistical average value of SNR1 is 2 times of the statistical average value of SNR2, and simulation results show that the probability that SNR1 is greater than SNR2 is 75%, which is greater than 1/2. In practice, when receiving the second layer data, it is impossible to perfectly eliminate the interference of the first layer data, i.e. the first layer cannot always be correctly decoded, and there is a certain error rate, so the actual SNR2 will be smaller. Similar conclusions also exist if the receiving end uses the minimum mean square error algorithm.
When the receiving end uses the zero forcing algorithm, the derivation process of the above conclusion is as follows:
1) Assume that the base station has 2 transmit antennas and the handset has 2 receive antennas. The mathematical expressions for signal transmission and reception are as follows:
Figure A20061015320300301
here, r 1 And r 2 Is the received signal obtained by 2 receiving antennas of the mobile phone, n 1 And n 2 Is noise, h 1 And h 2 Channels from the base station transmit antennas 1 and 2, respectively, to the mobile terminal receive antenna 1, h as described above 1 And h 2 Has been derived by the base station from the channel symmetry properties of the TDD mode, and g 1 And g 2 The channels from the base station transmit antennas 1 and 2 to the mobile terminal receive antenna 2, respectively, the base station does not know g 1 And g 2 。t 1 And t 2 Is a signal sent to a physical antenna for transmission, the actual transmitted signal s 1 And s 2 Multiplying the formed vector with the precoding matrix to obtain t 1 And t 2 Sending to a physical antenna for transmission, and obtaining the following corresponding mathematical expression:
Figure A20061015320300302
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Figure A20061015320300303
is a precoding matrix.
Since the base station is already knownRoad [ h ] 1 h 2 ]So that the beamforming vector used for the first layer data is
Figure A20061015320300304
. And the beamforming vector used by the remaining second layer data is set as
Figure A20061015320300305
Orthogonal to the beamforming vectors used for the first layer data,thereby to obtain
Figure A20061015320300311
Satisfy the requirement of
Figure A20061015320300312
. Whereby the precoding matrix is
Figure A20061015320300313
Therefore, it is not only easy to use
Figure A20061015320300314
Figure A20061015320300315
Derived from the above formula
Figure A20061015320300316
While
Can be obtained by (1)Signal s 1 To obtain an estimated value of
Figure A20061015320300319
Is that
Figure A200610153203003110
Suppose that
Figure A200610153203003111
Is always correctIs (i.e. is supposed to be obtained)
Figure A200610153203003112
Is 0, in practiceIs not likely to be 0), s can be completely eliminated in (2) 1 Then (2) becomes,
Figure A200610153203003114
from (3) can be obtained
Figure A200610153203003115
Signal s 2 To obtain an estimated value ofIs that
Figure A200610153203003117
Note that in the so-called MIMO channel model, h 1 ，h 2 ，g 1 And g 2 Are complex Gaussian random variables which are statistically independent from each other, have a mean value of zero without loss of generality, and assume that the variance is a unit value of 1.
Assume a random variable h 1 And h 2 Has been determined, and g 1 And g 2 At random, obtainThe expected value of the received signal-to-noise ratio of (a) is n.
Figure A20061015320300322
And then
Figure A20061015320300324
Is that the expected value of the received signal-to-noise ratio is
Figure A20061015320300325
So that E { SNR is proved 1 }＝2E{SNR 2 This is also confirmed by simulation. Simulations have also demonstrated SNR 1 ＞SNR 2 The probability of (2) is 75%, which is greater than 1/2. In view of
Figure A20061015320300326
Is not 0, so that it is impossible to completely eliminate s 1 Of (2), then SNR 2 Is smaller than that obtained by the above analysis, and thus the SNR 1 ＞SNR 2 The probability of (c) is greater than 75%.
2) Generally, assume that a base station has M transmitting antennas, and a handset has N receiving antennas (M is equal to or greater than 2,N is equal to or greater than M). The mathematical expressions for signal transmission and reception are as follows:
Figure A20061015320300327
as described above, [ h ] 11 h 12 …h 1M ]Has been derived by the base station from the channel symmetry properties of the TDD mode. t is t 1 ，t 2 ，...，t M Is a signal sent to a physical antenna for transmission, the actual transmissionSignal s 1 ，s 2 ，...，s M Multiplying the formed vector with the precoding matrix to obtain t 1 ，t 2 ，...， t M Sending to a physical antenna for transmission, and obtaining the following corresponding mathematical expression:
here, the number of the first and second electrodes,
Figure A20061015320300332
is a precoding matrix.
Since the base station already knows h 11 h 12 …h 1M ]So that the first layer data s 1 The beamforming vector used is
Figure A20061015320300333
And the remaining 2,3, a, M-layer data s 2 ，s 3 ，...，s M The beamforming vectors used are vectors orthogonal to the beamforming vector used for the first layer data. So that the signal received at the first receiving antenna of the handset contains only s 1 The result of the beam formation by the transmitting antennas of the base station to the first receiving antenna, and the remaining 2,3 2 ，s 3 ，...， s M The beamforming vector used, because it is orthogonal to the beamforming vector used for the first layer of data, is not received by the first receive antenna. Thereby receiving s 1 May be considered to be free of interference from other transmitted signals. And the remaining 2,3, M-layer data s, is received 2 ，s 3 ，...，s M Even if s is assumed in the process of (1) 1 Has been completely eliminated s 2 ，s 3 ，...，s M Will interfere with each other so that the received signal-to-noise ratio will be less than the second layer signal s in the case of only 2 transmit antennas and 2 receive antennas described above 2 Received signal to noise ratio. Therefore, s 1 Received signal-to-noise ratio, ratio s 2 ，s 3 ，...，s M The received signal to noise ratio is better. The inventive method is thus also applicable, i.e. as many information bits as possible are allocated to s 1 。
Assuming that the handset has 4 antennas, only 1 of which is used for transmission, the base station can transmit layer 4 data to the handset. It has been shown that the received signal-to-noise ratio SNR1 of the first layer is much larger than the received signal-to-noise ratios SNR2, SNR3, SNR4 of the other 3 layers, because the first layer does not interfere upon reception, while the other 3 layers interfere with each other upon reception, even if the interference of the first layer has been perfectly cancelled upon reception. Therefore, as many information bits as possible can be allocated to the first layer while using the pseudo-characteristic beamforming technique of the TDD mode.
The other situation is as follows: there are also cases of SCW using precoding matrices. High-pass proposal C802.20-05-69 air interface Spec _final _update, "MBFDD and MBTDD: chapter 12, "Precoding and SDMA Codebooks," in the deployed Draft Air Interface Specification, "gives the design scheme of the Precoding matrix. In the proposal, a plurality of precoding matrixes are defined, a receiving end feeds back the serial number of an optimal precoding matrix, and a transmitting end uses the precoding matrix to precode and then transmit a transmitting signal. Assuming 4-transmission and 4-reception, the receiving end feeds back a sequence number of a best precoding matrix. Because the received signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the 1 st column of the precoding matrix is the best, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the 2 nd column is the next best, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the 3 rd column is relatively poor, and the received signal-to-noise ratio of the layer corresponding to the 4 th column is the worst, as much information bits as possible are allocated to the first layer, the second 2 nd layer, and the third 3 rd layer.
In addition, as described above, in the precoding mode, it has been proved through simulation that, in the ideal precoding mode, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the M-th layer is also higher than that of the M + 1-th layer by 3dB or more on average, so it is also possible to assume that M layers are provided, and the order of the modulation scheme used in at least one layer is higher than that of the other layers. More specifically, layer 1,2, the M, the layer 1 modulation is higher than or equal to layer 2, and the layer 2 modulation is higher than or equal to layer 3. The above feature is increased in steps, with layer 1 allocating more power than layer 2 and layer 2 allocating more power than layer 3.
As mentioned above, the transmitting end makes full use of the known statistical rule or rule of the relative magnitude of the received snr of each antenna, i.e. in the case of two antennas, the statistical average result is: the mean received signal-to-noise ratio of the first layer is 3dB greater than the second layer. Therefore, the first layer can always use a one-step or multi-step modulation mode higher than the second layer, for example, the second layer uses a QPSK modulation mode, the first layer uses a 16QAM modulation mode, and the second layer uses a 16QAM modulation mode, and the first layer uses a 64QAM modulation mode.
In addition, while the first layer uses a higher order modulation scheme, the scheme of the present invention also allocates higher power to the first layer, which is done for two reasons:
1) In the current communication standard, the modulation modes used for data transmission are mainly three modes, namely QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM. In order to achieve the same bit error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio required by 16QAM is usually 5dB higher than that required by QPSK, and the signal-to-noise ratio required by 64QAM is usually 5dB higher than that required by 16QAM. As mentioned above, the average value of the received snr of the first layer is only 3dB greater than the received snr of the second layer, so that the received snr of the first layer is approximately 5dB greater than the received snr of the second layer by allocating more power to the first layer, and the bit error rates of the bits transmitted through the channel after Turbo coding at the receiving end are approximately. According to the principle of Turbo codes, if the bit error rates of the bits after Turbo coding at the receiving end are relatively close, the overall packet error rate is relatively low.
2) More power is allocated to the first layer, also because the channel capacity is even greater by doing so according to the Water-Filling theorem. Water-Filling theorem: more power is allocated to the layer receiving higher signal-to-noise ratio and the channel capacity can be larger.
One embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below:
assuming that there are two transmitting antennas and two receiving antennas, all Modulation and Coding schemes (MCS for short) supported by the transmitting antennas are made into a table, and a common example is shown in table 2 and is stored at both the transmitting end and the receiving end. The receiving end calculates the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) according to the channel condition, and feeds back the MCS index to the transmitting end.
MCS index Modulation Encoding rate Bit representation
6 The first layer of 64QAM is a layer of, second layer 16QAM 3/4 100
5 The first layer of 64QAM is a layer of, second layer 16QAM 1/2 110
4 The first layer of 16QAM is a layer of 16QAM, second layer QPSK 3/4 010
3 The first layer of 16QAM is a layer of 16QAM, second layer QPSK 1/2 011
2 The first layer of 16QAM is a layer of 16QAM, second layer QPSK 1/4 001
1 (non-emitting) - - 000
Table 2: MCS mapping table
For a single codeword and a data packet, a data stream to be transmitted is first subjected to channel coding, channel interleaving, rate matching, etc., and then split into two bit streams, the two bit streams are then respectively subjected to different constellation mapping (i.e., modulation) (for example, a bit stream transmitted by a first layer is subjected to constellation mapping in a 16QAM manner, and a bit stream transmitted by a second layer is subjected to constellation mapping in a QPSK manner), and the obtained symbol stream is transmitted through different layers (2 is the number of transmitting antennas, i.e., the number of layers, in the prior art, the symbol stream is transmitted through different transmitting antennas. The bit numbers contained in the bit streams transmitted through the two layers are different, because 1 QPSK symbol can transmit 2 bits of information, 1 16QAM symbol can transmit 4 bits of information, and 1 64QAM symbol can transmit 6 bits of information, and the symbol rate of each layer, i.e. how many symbols are transmitted, is the same, if the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is constellation mapped by using a 16QAM method, and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer is constellation mapped by using a QPSK method, the bit number contained in the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is 2 times the bit number contained in the bit stream transmitted by the second layer; and if the bit stream transmitted by the first layer adopts a 64QAM mode for constellation mapping and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer adopts a 16QAM mode for constellation mapping, the bit number contained in the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is 3/2=1.5 times of the bit number contained in the bit stream transmitted by the second layer. The receiving end calculates the receiving SINR of the two layers of the transmitting end respectively, thereby obtaining the average receiving SINR of the two layers, and checks the MCS index table (namely, the table 2) to feed back the average MCS.
The data stream to be transmitted at the transmitting end adopts a uniform channel encoder and RM (Rate Matching) mode, but each layer adopts different modulation modes, and then all data is divided into each layer to be correspondingly processed and transmitted. According to different multiple access modes adopted by the system, the data transmitted by the two layers occupy the same channel resources such as channel codes, frequency or time and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, the splitter divides the bit sequence after rate matching into each antenna according to a certain rule for transmission, and as described above, the two bit streams are respectively subjected to different constellation mapping (for example, the bit stream transmitted by the first layer uses 16QAM for constellation mapping, and the bit stream transmitted by the second layer uses QPSK for constellation mapping), and the obtained symbol stream is transmitted by different layers.
The constellation mapping includes BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM are commonly used in the standard) and other modulation modes. The feedback quantity of the SCW mode is less, and because only one channel encoder is adopted, the CRC check is specific to the data on all transmitting antennas, so the H-ARQ mechanism is simpler, once the CRC check shows errors, all the data currently processed are retransmitted, and only one ACK/NACK signal is needed.
Under a certain transmitting signal-to-noise ratio, when an MMSE (minimum mean square error) linear receiver is adopted, simulation is verified that the total power is unchanged, and under the condition that the power of a first layer is two times that of a second layer, the channel capacity is at least not smaller than that of a power average distribution scheme; and the simulation also proves that the average channel capacity is the largest in the case where the power of the first layer is 1.19 and the power of the second layer is 0.77.
The scheme of the invention is verified by simulation, and the simulation shows that the technical effect of the invention is achieved. The simulation is presented below with the conditions:
1) Two transmit antennas two receive antennas and the input information bit length is always 256. The transmitting end uses pseudo-eigenbeamforming technology.
2) The modulation modes of the transmitting end include the following three types:
a modulation mode a, QPSK modulation is used for the bit streams transmitted by the two layers, so that the total bit number transmitted on the antenna =512, and the coding rate =1/2;
modulation mode b, the bit stream transmitted by the first layer is modulated by 16QAM, the bit stream transmitted by the second layer is modulated by QPSK, so that the total number of bits transmitted on the antenna is =768, and the coding rate =1/3 (the unique method of the present invention);
and in the modulation mode c, 16QAM is used for the bit streams transmitted by the two layers, so that the total number of bits transmitted on the antenna is =1024, and the coding rate is =1/4.
Simulations have shown that b works better than either a or c, and can be further improved if more power is allocated in the first layer, while the total power is unchanged.
In the invention, the transmitting terminal fully utilizes the known statistical rule or rule of the relative magnitude of the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of each antenna to distribute as many information bits as possible to the transmitting antenna with better receiving signal-to-noise ratio or better receiving signal-to-noise ratio with statistical average. Therefore, system resources are saved, and system performance is improved.
The above technical solution can also be generalized to MCW (multiple codeword mode). That is, in the TDD mode, when a pseudo-eigen-beamforming (pseudo-eigen-beamforming) technique is used, the above technical solution is also applied to MCW (multiple codeword mode); when the precoding technique is used, the above technical solution is also generalized to MCW (multiple codeword mode).
There are several situations as follows:
1. in the case b, the information bits of each data stream are put in the first layer of TDD mode, or in precoding technique, the first layer is put in the second layer, and then the information bits are recurred in turn. (since in case a, the layers for each road are fixed, it is not suitable for this scheme.)
2. In the case b, the first layer of the TDD mode employs a higher order modulation scheme; in the precoding technology, the modulation mode of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, and the modulation mode of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the third layer, and the steps are carried out in sequence. Additionally, the first layer of the TDD mode allocates more power; the power of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer in the precoding technology, and the power of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the third layer, and the steps are carried out in sequence.
3. In the foregoing case a, higher power is simply allocated to the first layer in TDD mode; in the precoding technology, the power of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, the power of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the third layer, and the steps are carried out in turn. This results in gain because the channel capacity is increased by the Water-Filling theorem, and each layer is adaptively modulated so that the maximum MCS allowed by the received SINR can be achieved.
4. In case a, the first layer of TDD mode employs MCS of higher data transmission rate; in the precoding technique, the data transmission rate of the MCS of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, and the data transmission rate of the MCS of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the third layer, so that the steps are recurred in sequence. Additionally, the first layer of the TDD mode allocates more power fixedly; in the precoding technology, the power of the first layer is higher than or equal to that of the second layer, the power of the second layer is higher than or equal to that of the third layer, and the steps are carried out in sequence. The MCS with a higher data transmission rate means that more information is transmitted under the MCS, for example, the information transmitted by the MCS with 16QAM 2/3 code rate is more than the MCS with QPSK 2/3 code rate and more than the MCS with 16QAM 1/2 code rate, that is, the higher data transmission rate can be achieved by the same modulation mode and the higher code rate of the Turbo code.
By this provision, an effect of reducing the feedback amount of the MCW can be achieved. Assuming that the transmitting end has two antennas and thus two layers, the MCS table has 32 MCSs indicated by 5 bits, and the MCS permutation taken by the two layers is 2 5 ×2 5 ＝2 10 One, and thus 10 bits of feedback, now states that the MCS transmission rate of the first layer must be higher than or equal to that of the second layer, then when the MCS of the second layer is 1,2,3.. 32, respectively, then the MCS of the first layer is 1-32,2=32, 3-32.. 32, respectively, thus reducing the total possible cases to 1,2,3.. 32
Figure A20061015320300401
Thus only 9 bits of feedback are required, which can be reduced by 1 bit.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, but various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (36)

1. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send a data stream to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and
and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the number of information bits distributed to the layers using the pseudo eigen-beam forming technology is greater than the number of information bits distributed to other layers.
2. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission apparatus is applied to a single codeword mode.
3. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send a data stream to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and
and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be sent and distributing the data stream to the one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the modulation mode used by the layer using the pseudo eigen beam forming technology is one or more orders higher than the modulation mode used by other layers.
4. The data transmission apparatus of claim 3, wherein the data processing module allocates higher power to a layer using a pseudo eigenbeamforming technique than to other layers.
5. A data transmission arrangement as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the data transmission arrangement is applied in a single codeword mode.
6. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and
and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the processed data stream to the one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the precoding matrix has M columns, each column corresponds to one layer, and the number of information bits distributed to at least one layer in the precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits distributed to other layers except the layer.
7. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a higher value of received signal-to-interference ratio, and the layers other than the one layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal-to-interference ratio than the at least one layer.
8. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a smaller sequence number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a sequence number larger than the sequence number of the at least one layer.
9. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the information bits are allocated in a manner that: as many information bits as possible are sequentially allocated to the at least one layer and the other layers except the layer.
10. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the data transmission apparatus is applied to a single codeword mode.
11. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting data streams to a data receiving device in a pre-coding mode; and
and the data processing module is used for processing the data stream to be transmitted and distributing the data stream to the one or more layers, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the order of the modulation mode used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the order of the modulation modes of other layers except the layer.
12. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a higher value of received signal-to-interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal-to-interference ratio than the at least one layer.
13. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a smaller sequence number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a sequence number larger than the sequence number of the at least one layer.
14. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the data processing module allocates a higher power to the at least one layer than to the layers other than the layer.
15. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the data transmission apparatus is applied to a single codeword mode.
16. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be transmitted and distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and each layer is redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein each path of data stream circularly uses each layer, and for each path of data stream, information bits are distributed to the layer using the pseudo-eigen-beam forming technology as much as possible.
17. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and distributing the layers to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmission, wherein the one or more paths of data streams use each layer in turn, and the modulation mode adopted by each path of data stream in the layer using the pseudo-eigen-beam forming technology is one or more orders of magnitude higher than the modulation mode used by the path of data stream in other layers.
18. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 17, wherein for each data stream, the data processing module allocates higher power to the layer using pseudo eigen-beamforming technology than to other layers.
19. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode; and
and a data processing module, configured to process one or more data streams to be sent respectively, allocate the one or more data streams to the respective layers, and reallocate the layers to the multiple transmitting modules for transmission, where the one or more data streams use the respective layers in a round-robin manner, and for each data stream, the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer in a precoding mode is greater than the number of information bits allocated to at least one layer other than the layer.
20. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer.
21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a smaller sequence number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a sequence number larger than the sequence number of the at least one layer.
22. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the information bits are allocated in a manner that: as many information bits as possible are sequentially allocated to the at least one layer and the other layers except the layer.
23. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to each layer, and redistributing the layers to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams use each layer in a round-robin manner, and for each path of data stream, the order of the modulation mode used by at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is higher than the order of the modulation mode used by other layers except the layer.
24. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer.
25. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a smaller sequence number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a sequence number larger than the sequence number of the at least one layer.
26. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the information bits are allocated in a manner that: for each data stream, the power allocated to at least one layer in the pre-coding mode is more than the power allocated to the other layers except the layer.
27. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode by using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more paths of data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more paths of data streams to the layers, and redistributing the layers to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more paths of data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by the layer using the pseudo eigen-beam forming technology is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers.
28. The data transmission apparatus of claim 27, wherein the power allocated to the first layer using the pseudo eigen-beamforming technique is higher than the power allocated to the other layers.
29. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a TDD mode using a pseudo eigen-beamforming technique; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules for transmitting, wherein the one or more data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the power distributed to the layer using the pseudo-eigen-beam forming technology is higher than the power distributed to other layers.
30. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more data streams to be sent, distributing the one or more data streams to each layer, and distributing the layers to the plurality of transmitting modules, wherein the one or more data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by at least one layer in the precoding mode is higher than the data transmission rate of the modulation and channel coding scheme used by other layers except the layer.
31. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a higher value of received signal to interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal to interference ratio than the at least one layer.
32. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a smaller sequence number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a sequence number larger than the sequence number of the at least one layer.
33. The data transmission apparatus of claim 31 or 32, wherein at least one layer in the precoding mode is allocated more power than the other layers.
34. A data transmission apparatus characterized by comprising:
a plurality of transmitting modules, configured to send one or more data streams to a data receiving apparatus in a pre-coding mode; and
and the data processing module is used for respectively processing one or more data streams to be sent and distributing the one or more data streams to each layer, and the layers are redistributed to the plurality of transmitting modules, wherein the one or more data streams are respectively and fixedly transmitted by using one layer, and the distributed power of at least one layer in the precoding mode is more than the distributed power of other layers except the layer.
35. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 34, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a higher value of received signal-to-interference ratio, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a lower value of received signal-to-interference ratio than the at least one layer.
36. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 34, wherein the at least one layer is one or more layers having a smaller sequence number, and the layers other than the layer are all layers having a sequence number larger than the sequence number of the at least one layer.
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