Needle bearing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of needle bearing that supports motor car engine with crankshaft, camshaft and pitman arm shaft etc.
Background technique
At present, as the bearing of the crankshaft 1 that supports automobile shown in Figure 1, generally use the sliding bearing of Splittable.Sliding bearing is owing to the load capacity height, so be adapted at using as bearing under the high capacity environment.
Because to the consideration of environment, along with the demand to the little automobile of fuel saving and noise and vibration, needle bearing is used to replace sliding bearing but in recent years.Needle bearing is compared with sliding bearing, though load capacity is low, the surface friction drag during owing to rotation is little, so can make rotating torques reduce, make reducing to oil mass to supporting part.
But the needle bearing that supports the crank pin 2 of crankshaft 1 can't be pressed into assembling in the axial direction.Therefore, the needle bearing of Shi Yonging for example is documented in No. 1921488 communique of U. S. Patent in this case.According to this communique, as shown in Figure 2, have the needle bearing 3 of cutting apart cycle component 4a, the 4b of outer ring by the cutting lines that on the axial direction of bearing, extends by forming, thereby can be assembled on the crank pin 2.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3, possess outer ring 7 in use, the needle-like roller 8 on the roller surface be configured in outer ring 7 freely that rolls and keep the needle bearing 6 of guard ring 9 at the interval of needle-like roller 8, under the situation that axle 5 is supported, the diameter of axle by reducing axle 5 bearing two end portions also makes guard ring 9 to radially outstanding, prevent guard ring 9 to axial departing from, such needle bearing 6 is recorded in the Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2002-525533 communique.
Crankshaft 1 shown in Figure 1 etc., because effect when rotated has the load-carrying of the direction of deflection regulation, so be divided into the zone (hereinafter referred to as " load area ") of load centralization on the outer ring circumference of bearing and do not apply the zone (hereinafter referred to as " unsupported zone ") of heavy load, when needle bearing 3 that will be as shown in Figure 2 is assembled on the axle, positions and make the border 4c of cycle component 4a, 4b be positioned on the unsupported zone.
But, because needle bearing 3 is only by being entrenched in cycle component 4a, 4b on the shell and being fixed, so if bear load-carrying when rotated, then cycle component 4a, 4b might rotate in the enclosure.At this moment, if the border 4c of cycle component 4a, 4b moves to load area, the possibility of the fault of the malrotation that causes the needle-like roller and breakage of cycle component 4a, 4b etc. is arranged then.
In addition, needle bearing 6 as shown in Figure 3 in order to prevent guard ring 9 to axially departing from, is necessary axle 5 is processed, so the problem that has processing cost to increase.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of needle bearing that can prevent that the outer ring from rotating in the enclosure.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of needle bearing is provided, it possesses the axial restraint mechanism of the guard ring of the processing that does not need peripheral construction in order to prevent guard ring to axially departing from.
It another object of the present invention is to, a kind of needle bearing is provided, even when using, can prevent that also the outer ring from rotating in the enclosure under the high capacity environment.
In one aspect, needle bearing of the present invention possesses: the outer ring, and it has a plurality of cycle components and a plurality of needle-like roller of being cut apart by the cutting lines that extends on the axial direction of bearing, and its rolling is configured on the roller surface of outer ring freely.If be conceived to cycle component, it has: be positioned at its circumferencial direction central part and become the zone line of load area when bearing uses; Be positioned at the circumferencial direction end of described cycle component and when bearing uses, become the end regions in unsupported zone; And engaging the engagement portion, location that positions with shell, engagement portion, described location is arranged at described end regions.
As above-mentioned structure, be arranged at cycle component and engage by locating the engagement portion with shell, can prevent that the outer ring from promptly can prevent the common rotation of itself and axle to the circumferencial direction rotation.Thus, because the border of cycle component, more specifically the attachment portion that cycle component wall portion wipes of saying so can not moved to load area, so can avoid the malrotation of needle-like roller and the faults such as breakage of cycle component.In addition, because the engagement portion, location is formed at the end regions in the unsupported zone of conduct of cycle component, therefore can also prevent to locate faults such as the distortion of engagement portion self or breakage.
Preferably, described outer ring (13) are made of two described cycle components (12), are the central angle of benchmark when being Φ when establishing circumferencial direction outermost end with described cycle component (12), and described end regions is positioned at the scope of 5 °≤Φ≤45 °.
According to said structure, owing to being set in from two outermost end of outer coil component, end regions starts in 45 °, so cycle component can be set the big as far as possible zone line as load area.Therefore, needle bearing can effectively be used on the crankshaft etc. of the automobile that need guarantee big as far as possible continuous load area.
In addition, start at more than 5 °, so the influence of the flexural stress the when engagement portion, location can not be subjected to that tabular cycle component bending become circular-arc because end regions is set in from two outermost end of outer coil component.Therefore, cycle component is processed easily.
Preferably, described needle bearing also has the guard ring (15) at the interval that keeps described a plurality of needle-like rollers, described cycle component (12) has engaging pawl (12b) at described end regions, and described engaging pawl (12b) is outstanding to radially inner side, limits described guard ring moving vertically.
By said structure, because therefore axial the moving of engaging pawl restriction retainer need not to implement new processing for peripheries such as the axle structure that needle bearing is installed.Therefore, can simplify the processing operation.In addition, be configured in the end regions of cycle component, can prevent faults such as the distortion of the engaging pawl that causes because of load or breakage by engaging pawl.Therefore, for example can prevent to engage pawl to distortion radially with engaging that pawl contacts faults such as the malrotation that causes or breakage.
Preferably, engagement portion, described location (12a) engages pawl (12b) is positioned at opposition side across described zone line described end regions with described.
According to said structure and since the engagement portion, location with engage pawl and is positioned at the end regions of opposition side across zone line, so can not impact other the processing operation of member respectively, process operation and carry out easily.
Preferably, engagement portion, described location portion in the central has the hole (12c) of running through aperture surface from the outer diametric plane of cycle component, in the position that does not overlap with the end of described needle-like roller (14) and the described hole of position configuration (12c) of departing from the length direction central authorities from the needle-like roller.
According to said structure, because the hole of engagement portion, location is configured in the position that does not overlap with the end of needle bearing, therefore, can prevent faults such as vibration that the unsettled movement of the hole when top needle-like roller by the engagement portion, location causes, noise, early damage.
Preferably, be d at the diameter of establishing described hole, when the effective length of establishing described needle-like roller is t, the effective length t of the diameter d in described hole and described needle-like roller has the relation of d/t<0.5.
As above-mentioned structure, which position pore is not configured in, owing to become the state that joins with the plane of trajectory orbital of outer ring more than 50% of the effective length of needle-like roller, therefore, the action of the hole when top needle-like roller by the engagement portion, location becomes stable, can prevent the faults such as vibration, noise or early damage because of unsettled movement causes.
And so-called in this manual " effective length of needle-like roller " is meant the length of the chamfered section at the two ends of removing the needle-like roller, is the length of the part that contacts with the roller surface of cycle component.
And then preferably, when the internal diameter of establishing described cycle component was D, the diameter d of described hole (12c) and the inside diameter D of described cycle component had the relation of d/D<0.2.Thus, because the hole diminishes with respect to the ratio of the internal diameter of cycle component, the ratio that therefore can prevent d/D for example is in faults such as the vibration of 2 generations when above, noise, early damages.
Preferably, engagement portion, described location (32a) is outstanding on the outer diametric plane of described cycle component, and the intensity with direction of load effect when using is higher than the shape of the intensity of other directions.
According to said structure, the engagement portion, location has intensity applying on the maximum direction of load, therefore can prevent faults such as the distortion that causes because of load or breakage.
Preferably, engagement portion, described location (32a) is outstanding on the outer diametric plane of described cycle component, and has plurality of stepped serrations long on the circumferencial direction of described cycle component.
According to said structure,, can improve the intensity of engagement portion, location because the action direction that the cross section of engagement portion, location is formed with load is the elliptical shape of major axis.Thus, can prevent faults such as the distortion that causes because of load or breakage.
Engagement portion, preferably described location has roof.
As above-mentioned structure,, therefore can further improve intensity to load because the engagement portion, location not only has sidewall but also has roof.Thus, even when for example under the high capacity environment, using, also can prevent because of faults such as the distortion of engagement portion, location or breakages.
Preferably, described roof (22c) has the oilhole (22d) that is used for to the plane of trajectory orbital supplying lubricating oil of the outer ring that the needle-like roller rolls.Thus, because oilhole is from the outer circumferential face penetrating orbit face of cycle component, therefore, even under the state that needle bearing is installed on the axle etc., the user also can be to the rolling surface supplying lubricating oil of needle-like roller.So the upkeep operation transfiguration is easy.
According to the present invention, by the high locator protrusions portion of intensity is set,, can prevent that also the outer ring was to the needle bearing of circumferencial direction rotation when bearing from using even can obtain under the high capacity environment, using the time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of the crankshaft of expression automobile;
Fig. 2 is the skeleton diagram that expression has the existing needle bearing of the outer ring that can cut apart diametrically;
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of existing needle bearing that expression has the axial restraint mechanism of guard ring;
Fig. 4 A is the plan view of the needle bearing of expression one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 B is the sectional view along the line B-B observation of Fig. 4 A;
Fig. 5 A is the schematic representation of cycle component of the needle bearing of expression one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 B is a schematic representation of observing the cycle component of Fig. 5 A from the arrow B indicated direction;
Fig. 5 C is a schematic representation of observing the cycle component of Fig. 5 A from the arrow C indicated direction;
Fig. 6 A is the schematic representation of the guard ring of expression roller hold mode;
Fig. 6 B is the sectional view along the line B-B observation of Fig. 6 A;
Fig. 7 A is the schematic representation of expression needle-like roller;
Fig. 7 B is the schematic representation that is illustrated in the relation of hole that the location is provided with on the engagement portion and needle-like roller;
Fig. 8 A is the schematic representation of expression needle-like roller;
Fig. 8 B is the schematic representation that is illustrated in the relation of hole that the location is provided with on the engagement portion and needle-like roller;
Fig. 9 A is the schematic representation of expression needle-like roller;
Fig. 9 B is the schematic representation of expression needle-like roller;
Figure 10 is the schematic representation that is illustrated in the relation of hole that the location is provided with on the engagement portion and cycle component;
Figure 11 A is the sectional view of the locator protrusions portion of other modes of expression;
Figure 11 B is the sectional view of the locator protrusions portion of other other modes of expression;
Figure 12 is the figure of the locator protrusions portion of other other modes of expression.
Embodiment
The needle bearing 11 of one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to figure 4A~Fig. 6 C.
Shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, needle bearing 11 possesses: outer ring 13, and it has two cycle components 12 being cut apart by the cutting lines that extends on the axial direction of bearing; A plurality of needle-like rollers 14, its rolling is configured on the roller surface of outer ring 13 freely; Guard ring 15 with the interval that keeps needle-like roller 14.
Cycle component 12 has shown in Fig. 5 A: projection 12a, and it is as the engagement portion, location, engages with shell to position on the position that the circumferencial direction central authorities from cycle component 12 depart from; Engaging pawl 12b, its width direction end from cycle component 12 is outstanding to radially inner side, and restriction guard ring 15 is to axial moving.
In addition, shown in Fig. 5 B and Fig. 5 C, a side end of the circumferencial direction of cycle component 12 is convex forms, and end side is a concave shape, by the concavo-convex of two cycle components 12 combined, forms outer ring 13 cylindraceous.At this, if the cutting lines of outer ring 13 outer ring 13 can be cut apart in a circumferential direction, even with axially not strict conformance also can.
Guard ring 15 is formed by resin material, and as shown in Figure 6A, a plurality of positions on circumference have the hole, low-lying area (pocket) of accommodating needle-like roller 14.In addition, shown in Fig. 6 B, guard ring 15 is cut off on axial direction at the place on the circumference, after the axle assembling, makes the protuberance 15a and the recess 15b engaging of cutout portion making guard ring 15 resiliently deformables.
The needle bearing 11 of said structure is because the part of outer ring 13 and guard ring 15 is cut off, so can be with the bearing of doing the position that can't be pressed in the axial direction of crankshaft, camshaft and the pitman arm shaft etc. of automobile is supported.
In addition,, prevent outer ring 13 on cycle component 12, and, can limit guard ring 15 to axial moving by engaging pawl 12b is set to the circumferencial direction rotation by projection 12a is set.
At this, on cycle component 12, being provided with at its circumferencial direction central part becomes the zone line of load area 12d when bearing uses, being provided with at its circumferencial direction two end part becomes the end regions in unsupported zone 12e when bearing uses, projection 12a and engaging pawl 12b are positioned at the end regions 12e of opposition side across zone line 12d.
For example, be processed to form by plunging under the situation of projection 12a in aperture surface one side from cycle component 12, form recess and can not become even surface on roller surface, the action by the needle-like roller on the recess becomes unstable.In addition, the snap portions of guard ring 15 might hang over the side of engaging pawl 12b.Therefore,, then become the obstruction bearing reason of rotation smoothly of the malrotation etc. of needle-like roller, might cause fault if projection 12a or engaging pawl 12b are positioned at load area.
Therefore, by projection 12a and engaging pawl 12b are disposed at the end regions that becomes unsupported zone, can avoid these faults.In addition, though projection 12a and engaging pawl 12b can be formed at the end regions of same side,, make respectively projection 12a, the processing that engages pawl 12b and cycle component 12 are become easy by be configured in the end regions 12e of opposition side across zone line 12d.
And, constituting under the situation of outer ring 13 by two cycle components 12, be that the central angle of benchmark is Φ if establish circumferencial direction outermost end 12c with cycle component 12, then end regions 12e is in the scope of 5 °≤Φ≤45 °.
For big as far as possible setting becomes the zone line 12d of load area, the end regions 12e that becomes unsupported zone is necessary to be set in from two outermost end of cycle component 12 separately in 45 °.On the other hand, if be configured in projection 12a on the end regions 12e and engaging pawl 12b too near the circumferencial direction outermost end 12c of cycle component 12, then because be subjected to tabular cycle component 12 bending are become the influence of flexural stresses down such as circular-arc situation, so preferably close more than zone line 12d5 ° from circumferencial direction outermost end 12c.
In the above-described embodiment, show outer ring 13 by the example that is constituted by two cycle components of cutting apart 12 diametrically, but be not limited thereto, being divided into any number can.
In the above-described embodiment, show the example that ground, one place, a place disposes projection 12a and engages pawl 12b on each cycle component 12, but be not limited thereto, also can also can be configured in the many places of each cycle component 12 only in place configuration on the full week of outer ring 13.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, show the example that engaging pawl 12b is set on the part of the axial end portion of cycle component 12, but engaging pawl 12b also can be set in the whole zone of the axial end portion of cycle component 12.In this case, owing to do not have guard ring 15 to hang over the worry of the side of engaging pawl 12b, so can not produce problems such as malrotation even engaging pawl 12b is positioned at load area yet.
And guard ring 15 can be not limited to resin and by formation such as punch process metallic material, also can be total bearing of not wanting guard ring 15.
As preferred implementation, utilize Fig. 7 A~conduct that Figure 10 explanation forms on cycle component 12 to locate the preferred size of the projection 12a of engagement portion.
The projection 12a that on cycle component 12, forms, owing to for example be processed to form by plunging, so portion has the hole 12c that runs through aperture surface from outer diametric plane in the central.If this hole 12c is excessive, then the action by the needle-like roller 14 on the 12c of hole becomes unstable, becomes the reason of vibration and noise, and has the worry of the early damage that causes needle bearing 11.
Therefore, shown in Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, with the diameter d of hole 12c
1Effective length t with needle-like roller 14
1Be set in and satisfy d
1/ t
1In<0.5 the scope.Thus, which position pore 12c is not positioned at, the effective length of needle-like roller 14 be in the state that the roller surface with outer ring 13 joins more than 50%, therefore can make by the action of the needle-like roller 14 on the 12c of hole stable.Consequently, can obtain to keep the needle bearing 11 of rotation of the slyness of needle-like roller 14.
And, in the above-described embodiment, show the diameter d of hole 12c
1Than the big example of the roller diameter of needle-like roller 14, but be not limited thereto, shown in Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B, even in the diameter d of hole 22c
2Under the little situation of the roller diameter of needle-like roller 24, by satisfying d
2/ t
2<0.5, just can expect same effect.
And then hole 12c, 22c there is no need to be positioned at the central authorities of the roller length of needle- like roller 14,24, shown in Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B, can also be configured in the position of departing from from the central authorities of roller length.
But hole 12c, 22c are if be configured in the position that overlaps with end 14a, the 24a of needle- like roller 14,24, and be even then hole 12c, 22c are little, also unstable by the action of the needle-like roller on hole 12c, the 22c 14,24.Therefore, hole 12c, 22c just can eliminate the problems referred to above by being configured in not and the end 14a of needle-like roller, the position that 24a overlaps.
And then, as shown in figure 10, the diameter d of hole 12c
1Be set at the inside diameter D of cycle component 12 and satisfy d
1The scope of<D<0.2.If surpass this scope, it is excessive that then hole 12c is equivalent to the ratio of internal diameter of cycle component 12, become the reason of vibration and noise, and existence causes the misgivings of the early damage of needle bearing 11.
Then,, carried out following test, the hole of prescribed level has been set in the outer ring of needle bearing, under the state that has applied radial load, made its rotation, measured the bearing life of this moment in order to confirm effect of the present invention.Test conditions is as follows.In addition, test result is as shown in table 1.
The diameter in hole: φ 3, φ 5, φ 6 (mm)
Radial load: 5000 (N)
Rotating speed: 3000 (rpm)
[table 1]
The diameter in table 1. hole and the relation of bearing life
Table 1 is that expression is that life-span of test result of benchmark is than (L with the non-proous bearing
50) table.In view of the above, under the situation below 50% of the effective length of needle-like roller, do not find the decline of bearing life at the diameter in hole.In addition, in the situation of the central authorities that the hole are configured in roller length be configured under the locational situation that departs from from central authorities, test respectively, test result is not found difference.Thus, confirmed effect of the present invention.
With reference to figure 11A~Figure 12, other mode of executions of the present invention are described.The needle bearing 11 of said structure uses mostly under the high capacity environment, therefore, and to the also demanding intensity of the 12a of locator protrusions portion.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the 12a of locator protrusions portion has roof 12c at front end shown in Figure 11 A.Thus, the sufficient intensity in the time of can guaranteeing under the high capacity environment, to use.
In addition, as other mode of execution, shown in Figure 11 B, can also on the roof 22c of the 22a of locator protrusions portion, have oilhole 22d.Thus, can therefore can obtain the superior needle bearing of lubricity to the rolling surface of needle-like roller supplying lubricating oil effectively.
And then, as the additive method of guaranteeing intensity, as shown in figure 12, can also set a jut 32a long elliptical shape on the circumferencial direction of cycle component 32 the cross section, be a<b.The torque that the rolling friction that is produced by 14 rotations of needle-like roller causes imposes on cycle component 32 in a circumferential direction.Therefore, the action direction that is made as with load by the cross section with the 32a of locator protrusions portion is the elliptical shape of major axis, just can improve the intensity of the 32a of locator protrusions portion.At this moment, because enough intensity can guarantee under the high capacity environment to use the time so the front end of the 32a of locator protrusions portion can be an opening end, also can have roof.
Industrial applicibility
The present invention can favourablely be used in the needle bearing of crankshaft, camshaft and the pitman arm shaft etc. that support automobile.
More than, with reference to description of drawings embodiments of the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to illustrated mode of execution.For illustrated mode of execution, with the same scope of the present invention in, perhaps in the Jun Deng scope, can apply various corrections and distortion.In addition, the feature of all right each mode of execution of combination in any.