CN101131449A - High-speed optical add-drop multiplexer based on electro-optical effect - Google Patents
High-speed optical add-drop multiplexer based on electro-optical effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN101131449A CN101131449A CNA2007100613975A CN200710061397A CN101131449A CN 101131449 A CN101131449 A CN 101131449A CN A2007100613975 A CNA2007100613975 A CN A2007100613975A CN 200710061397 A CN200710061397 A CN 200710061397A CN 101131449 A CN101131449 A CN 101131449A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high speed optical multiplexer based on the electro-optic effect belongs to the light apparatus used in the node of optical communication system. It includes the lithium niobate base, the lithium niobate wave-guide prepared by the titanium diffusion process, the input port, the top-loading port, the output port, the down loading port, the polarization beam analyzer, the polarization mode conversion unit and the PBC. The advantage of the invention is: (1) it can get the nanosecond tune speed; (2) in room temperature, it can get 34nm tune range under -150V-+150V voltage; The up and down bandwidth can reach 0.8nm; the first side lobe is smaller than -35dB and the inserting loss from optical fiber to optical fiber is smaller than 5dB.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical device used in a kind of node of optical communication system, particularly a kind of high-speed light add-drop multiplexer.
Background technology
Optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) is one of core devices of optical wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) system, its function is to download some wavelength channel selectively to this locality from the transmission light path, perhaps send some wavelength channel to the transmission light path, do not influence the transmission of other wavelength channel simultaneously from this locality.After fiber optic communication network was introduced OADM, the open and transparent of optical-fiber network realized on the road up and down that can realize wavelength channel easily and flexibly.
Existing OADM technology realizes that from road up and down technical standpoint can be divided into switching mode and tuning type.
Switching mode OADM demultiplexes into a plurality of single wavelength signals with multi-wavelength signals earlier, and then come to adopt technology such as micro electro mechanical (MEMS), planar optical waveguide (PLC), liquid crystal process to realize the photoswitch (matrix) of various scales to single wavelength signals road up and down with photoswitch." a kind of optical add/drop multiplexer of Multifunction " disclosed as Chinese patent literature CN1369976, this optical add/drop multiplexer is a kind of optical add/drop multiplexer based on multiplexer, demodulation multiplexer and photoswitch, its structure has been used 4 image intensifers, 10 2 * 2 photoswitches, and 2 pairs of the multiplexers, demodulation multiplexer based on the inteferometer coating wave filter.Structure is comparatively complicated, based on discrete device, is not easy to integratedly, and cost is higher, and tuned speed is slower.And for example Chinese patent literature CN1523804 discloses " based on the optical add/drop multiplexer of MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) ", propose a kind of based on the unify optical add/drop multiplexer of lens of micro-electro-mechanical systems, mainly by optical circulator, GRIN Lens, diffraction grating, the adjustable mirror array of photo-coupler and MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) control is formed.MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) is introduced in this invention, has increased the integrated level of device, but the mechanical tuning means still can't be from improving tuned speed in essence, and tuned speed only is the millisecond magnitude.The common disadvantage of switching mode OADM is that its corresponding speed is low, the proposition switching mode optical add/drop multiplexer response time is about 10ms in paper " Huang Zhaoxiang, Zhang Yangan, yellow Yongqing etc.; the technology of Reconfigurable Optical Add/drop Multiplexer (ROADM) realizes and Performance Evaluation, optical communication technique 2004 (12): 4-9 ".
Tuning type OADM adopts tunable optic filter to select the specified wavelength signal from input signal, and by other optical device realize down the road, operation such as set out on a journey, wave filter available fiber Bragg grating (FBG), F-P chamber interferometer, MEMS type FPI, acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) etc., they realize wavelength tuning by changing means such as grating length, thermo-optic effect, mechanical stress, acoustooptic effect." optical add/drop multiplexer with adaptive light power equalization " disclosed as Chinese patent literature CN1336741, a kind of optical add/drop multiplexer with adaptive power equalization has been proposed, make it that wavelength road function up and down not only be arranged, also has the real-time adaptive power capability, have high stability simultaneously, low crosstalk, low-loss, modularization, intelligent power equalization, characteristics such as accuracy of equalization height.But since its still to adopt means such as traditional acousto-optic, hot light that the centre wavelength of Bragg grating is carried out tuning, restricted its tuned speed.In Chinese patent literature CN1606190, disclose " the dynamic-tuning optical add/drop multiplexer that constitutes by the tellurium dioxide acousto-optic tunable filter ", proposed a kind ofly by a polarization beam apparatus, two optical add/drop multiplexer modules that structure acousto-optic filter, polarisation transformer and the optical fiber identical with performance is formed.With wide-angle incident (60 °-75 °), interaction length is greater than 4.5cm with the light beam of tellurium dioxide acousto-optic tunable filter and acoustic beam, and wave filter obtains the live width less than 0.4nm.This invention has realized good Sidelobe Suppression performance by the wide-angle incident of adopting light beam and acoustic beam, but because it adopts is the acousto-optic tunable means, tuned speed can't be broken through the microsecond magnitude.As seen, tuning type OADM is transparent to wavelength, and expandability is strong, is the main flow of present commercialization product, but because the restriction of tuning means, the response time can't be broken through the microsecond magnitude, has the slow partially problem of response speed in ultra NET.Theoretical and experiment all proves to have only electrooptical effect can make tuning period reach nanosecond order.
Summary of the invention
The present invention breaks through the microsecond magnitude for the tuned speed that makes optical add/drop multiplexer, adapts to the requirement of ultra NET node.To crosstalk in order reducing simultaneously, to remedy the shortcoming of electro-optical filter type OADM Sidelobe Suppression difference.
The present invention proposes a kind of on lithium columbate crystal Y, Z both direction with electrooptical effect to titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide carry out four tuning port high-speed light add-drop multiplexers.
A kind of high-speed light add-drop multiplexer based on electrooptical effect of the present invention comprises:
At the bottom of the lithium niobate base 511, with the lithium niobate waveguide of titanium diffusion technique preparation, input port 101 is uploaded port one 02, output port 103, download port 104, polarization beam apparatus 105, polarization mode converting unit 106, polarization beam combiner 107;
At the bottom of X cuts lithium niobate base, on 511, be transmission direction, make optical waveguide and polarization beam apparatus 105, polarization beam combiner 107 with the titanium diffusion technique with its Y direction; Make electrode on 511 with sputtering technology at the bottom of the lithium niobate base, constituting polarization mode converting unit 106; Light wave is propagated with the Y direction during work, by input port 101 or upload port one 02 and enter this device, and successively through polarization beam apparatus 105, polarization mode converting unit 106, polarization beam combiner 107 is at last by output port 103 or download port 104 outputs.
Above-mentioned polarization mode converting unit 106 is made up of some electrode units, and described electrode unit comprises: length is the interdigital electrode of Lc, Lc=105 μ m, and the cycle of interdigital electrode is Λ=21 μ m; Length is the phase shift electrode of Lp, Lp=1050 μ m, and the spacing between the electrode of phase shift electrode part is that G can select 10 μ m; Electrode with sputtering technology preparation at the bottom of the lithium niobate base.
Adopt electrooptical effect on lithium columbate crystal Y, the Z direction to titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide carry out tuningly, make optical waveguide and constitute whole optical path by the titanium diffusion technique at the bottom of X cuts Y to pass lithium niobate base: polarization beam apparatus, polarization mode converting unit, polarization beam combiner.Polarization mode converting unit of the present invention adopts electrooptical effect to carry out tuning on lithium columbate crystal Y, Z direction.Voltage changes the refringence of TE and TM mould on the Z direction, makes the light of the wavelength that satisfies phase-matching condition that conversion fully between the TE-TM mould take place, and reaches the purpose that any one road wavelength in the tuning range is chosen.The Y direction produces the refractive index cycle perturbation by the voltage of regulating each discrete interdigital electrode.Because each electrode voltage of Y direction can independently be controlled, can draw the optimum voltage regularity of distribution by calculating, make the light of selected wavelength reach maximum conversion efficiency, and realize inhibition amplitude frequency curve (conversion efficiency curve) side lobe effect.This device is introduced temperature control system is operated under constant temperature (room temperature) condition device, and can be according to tuning range needs replacement working temperature.
For the light that makes selected wavelength reaches maximum conversion efficiency, and realize inhibition to the amplitude frequency curve side lobe effect, each interdigital electrode voltage of device polarization mode converting unit of the present invention can adopt modes such as square-law distribution, Sine distribution, Gaussian distribution, Hamming function distribution.Wherein preferable with the Gaussian distribution effect.
The present invention is with respect to the advantage of prior art:
(1) since adopt be electrooptical effect as tuning means, can realize the tuned speed of nanosecond order;
(2) tuning range is wide, makes full use of the bandwidth resources of wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) technology.Under the room temperature with-150V～+ 150V voltage can realize the tuning range of 34nm;
(3) passband width is narrow, complies with dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) technology trends.Upper and lower road passband width (three dB bandwidth) can reach 0.8nm;
(4) crosstalk lowly, loss is little, than the optical add/drop multiplexer superior performance of other type.The single order secondary lobe is less than-35dB, and the insertion loss of fiber-to-fiber is less than 5dB.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of the optical add/drop multiplexer that Fig. 1 the present invention is designed; Wherein, 101 is input port, and 102 is last load port, and 103 is output port, and 104 is download port, and 105 is polarization beam apparatus, and 106 is the polarization mode converting unit, and 107 is polarization beam combiner, and 108 is the upper arm waveguide, and 109 is the underarm waveguide;
An electrode unit of Fig. 2 polarization mode converting unit, the part of taking back among the figure is the interdigital electrode of Lc for long, the part that takes among the figure is the long phase shift electrode of Lp that is; Wherein parts 201 place's voltages are zero, and 202 place's voltages are V
T, 203 place's voltages are 2V
T, i interdigital electrode of 204 expressions, voltage is V
i, 205,206 are respectively the last underarm of titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide.Wherein, the cycle of interdigital electrode is Λ, and the electrode 201 of phase shift electrode part and 202,202 and 203 spacing are G.Whole polarization mode converting unit electrode is made up of several electrode units as shown in Figure 2.
Phase shift electrode voltage and last/following road wavelength relationship curve under Fig. 3 room temperature;
Fig. 4 polarization conversion efficiency is to the curve of wavelength;
The 3 d effect graph of the designed optical add/drop multiplexer of Fig. 5 the present invention.Wherein 501 is input port, and 502 is last load port, and 503 is output port, and 504 is download port, and 505 is polarization beam apparatus, and 506 is polarization beam combiner, and 507 is ground-electrode, 508 for voltage be V
TThe phase shift electrode, 509 for voltage be 2V
TThe phase shift electrode, 510 the signal some interdigital electrodes, i interdigital electrode voltage is V
i, 511 be lithium niobate base at the bottom of.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing example the present invention is further specified.
As shown in Figure 1, the single-mode optics that optical communication is used contains two kinds of polarization states, i.e. TE mould and TM mould.Polarization separation through polarization beam apparatus 105, takes place during from input port 101 inputs in the single-mode optics of the different wave length that uses in the wavelength-division multiplex system (WDM), and promptly TE mould and TM mould separates.TM mould and TE mould enter polarization mode converting unit 106 from upper arm 108 and underarm 109 respectively.The light wave of the discontented sufficient phase-matching condition of its medium wavelength is behind polarization beam combiner 107, and TE mould and the optically-coupled of TM mould from output port 103 outputs, thereby have been finished the non-transparent transmission of road wavelength down.
For the light of that wavelength that satisfies phase-matching condition, in the conversion of polarization mode converting unit 106 emergence patterns, the TM moding in the upper arm 108 is the TE mould, and the TE moding in the underarm 109 is the TM mould.Then behind polarization beam combiner 107, TE mould and the coupling of TM mould light wave export from download port 104, and phase-matching condition can be controlled by impressed voltage, has so just realized the selectivity of each wavelength light of input from input port 101 is downloaded.
Because the designed Reconfigurable Optical Add/drop Multiplexer of the present invention has the reciprocity symmetry, if will set out on a journey to a certain wavelength, only need this wavelength (can not be identical) from uploading port one 02 input with arbitrary wavelength of the light of importing from port one 01, behind polarization beam apparatus 105, the TE mould separates with the TM mould, the TE mould enters polarization mode converting unit 106 from upper arm waveguide 108, the TM mould enters polarization mode converting unit 106 from underarm waveguide 109 simultaneously, can make it satisfy phase-matching condition by regulating impressed voltage, then after the polarization mode converting unit, TE mould in the upper arm 108 changes the TM mould into, and the TM mould of transmission changes the TE mould in the underarm 109.Through behind the polarization beam combiner after 107,, realize the function of setting out on a journey to this wavelength from output port 103 outputs.
For the design of polarization mode converting unit, the present invention proposes to adopt on Y, Z both direction electrooptical effect to carry out tuning scheme.Concrete grammar as shown in Figure 2, ground-electrode and be 0 by its each interdigital electrode 201 voltages of drawing, it is V in phase shift electrode part (side takes among the figure) with voltage
TElectrode 202 provide Z to voltage for underarm waveguide 206.Electrode 203 voltages are 2V
T, itself and voltage are V
TElectrode 202 upper arm waveguide 205 is provided Z to voltage, size still is V
TVoltage by control Z direction can change the refractive index n of optical waveguide to TE, TM mould
TE, n
TM, interdigital electrode part (taking back among the figure), electrode 204 has constituted the Y direction voltage that is applied to titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide 205,206 with the electrode of being drawn by ground-electrode 201, has formed the refractive index cycle perturbation on its direction of propagation.Learn by mode coupling theory (can with reference to " Ma Chunsheng; Liu Shiyong; optical waveguide mode theory [M]; publishing house of Jilin University; 305-334 "), the refractive index perturbation that changes in the light wave transmissions direction introducing cycle can realize the mutual conversion between TE mould and the TM mould, and can reach polarization mode conversion completely under phase-matching condition.Can release by phase-matching condition: λ=Λ [(n
TE-n
TM) Lp+ (N
TM-N
TE) lc]/(Lc+Lp) (wherein Λ is by the determined waveguide index period of change of interdigital electrode; Lc is the length of interdigital electrode, and Lp is the length of phase shift electrode, satisfies Lc+Lp=M Λ, and M is an integer; N
TMWith N
TEBe respectively V
TThe equivalent refractive index of TM and TE mould in the waveguide in=0 o'clock).Like this, provide the refractive index cycle perturbation with electrooptical effect by interdigital electrode voltage, and the TE mould in the waveguide of phase shift electrode may command and the refringence n of TM mould
TE-n
TMThereby, reach choosing to last/following road wavelength by phase-matching condition.Interdigital electrode and alternately appearance of shift electrode mutually, promptly whole polarization mode converting unit has been formed in several unit shown in Figure 2, reaches the purpose to the polarization mode conversion of selecting wavelength.Each parameter among Fig. 2 is as follows, interdigital periods lambda=21 μ m, and Lc=5 Λ=105 μ m, Lp=1050 μ m, electrode separation G can be 10 μ m.Phase shift electrode voltage and last/following road wavelength relationship curve when Fig. 3 has provided electrode separation G=10 μ m.As seen from Figure 3, with-150V～+ 150V voltage can obtain the tuning range (under the room temperature) of 34nm.On can carrying out according to each channel that the relation that provides among the figure is stipulated ITU-T with a certain voltage/following dataway operation.
Because what the Y direction adopted is discrete interdigital electrode, the interdigital voltage on its number and each road is all adjustable flexibly, can draw the optimum voltage regularity of distribution by calculating, and makes the light of selected wavelength reach maximum conversion efficiency, and realizes the inhibition to the amplitude frequency curve secondary lobe.The polarization mode converting unit of the present invention's design contains 30 electrode units shown in Figure 2.Interdigital electrode voltage can adopt the distribution mode of square-law distribution, Sine distribution, Gaussian distribution, Hamming function distribution etc.Wherein Gaussian voltage distribution effect is better, and its voltage distributes as shown in the table:
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Vi | 0.72487 | 1.0159 | 1.3885 | 1.851 | 2.4066 | 3.0518 | 3.7744 | 4.5528 | 5.3561 | 6.1456 |
| i | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| Vi | 6.8773 | 7.5062 | 7.9903 | 8.2957 | 8.4 | 8.2957 | 7.9903 | 7.5062 | 6.8773 | 6.1456 |
| i | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Vi | 5.3561 | 4.5528 | 3.7744 | 3.0518 | 2.4066 | 1.851 | 1.3885 | 1.0159 | 0.72487 | 0.50446 |
Finally can obtain conversion efficiency curve as shown in Figure 4, wherein horizontal ordinate is a wavelength and select the poor of wavelength (on/following road wavelength).As seen, the voltage that provides by last table distributes, and can obtain the passband width (three dB bandwidth) about 0.8nm, and this can satisfy the demand of dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM).And the Sidelobe Suppression characteristic is good, can reach-below the 35dB.
The one-piece construction of the designed optical add/drop multiplexer of the present invention as shown in Figure 5, whole optical path is in preparation titanium diffused optical waveguide on 511 at the bottom of the lithium niobate base.Crystal is introduced temperature control system, and device can be worked at room temperature, and can be according to tuning range needs replacement working temperature.Ground-electrode 507, phase shift electrode 508,509 provide Z direction voltage.Interdigital electrode 510 provides the voltage (totally 30) of Y direction.Polarization mode converting unit total length is about 3.5 centimetres.
Preparation, temperature control mode and the polarization beam apparatus of part that the present invention does not mention such as the waveguide of titanium diffusion lithium niobate and the dimensional parameters of polarization beam combiner etc. all adopt existing technology to realize.
Claims (3)
1. high-speed light add-drop multiplexer based on electrooptical effect, comprise: at the bottom of the lithium niobate base (511), lithium niobate waveguide with the preparation of titanium diffusion technique, input port (101), last load port (102), output port (103), download port (104), polarization beam apparatus (105), polarization mode converting unit (106), polarization beam combiner (107);
At the bottom of X cuts lithium niobate base, on (511), be transmission direction, make optical waveguide and polarization beam apparatus (105), polarization beam combiner (107) with the titanium diffusion technique with its Y direction; Go up the making electrode with sputtering technology (511) at the bottom of lithium niobate base, constitute polarization mode converting unit (106); Light wave is propagated with the Y direction during work, enter this device by input port (101) or last load port (102), successively through polarization beam apparatus (105), polarization mode converting unit (106), polarization beam combiner (107) is at last by output port (103) or download port (104) output.
2. according to the described a kind of high-speed light add-drop multiplexer based on electrooptical effect of claim 1, it is characterized in that described polarization mode converting unit (106) is made up of some electrode units, described electrode unit comprises:
Length is the interdigital electrode of Lc, Lc=105 μ m, and the cycle of interdigital electrode is Λ=21 μ m;
Length is the phase shift electrode of Lp, Lp=1050 μ m, and the spacing between the electrode of phase shift electrode part is that G can select 10 μ m;
Electrode with sputtering technology preparation at the bottom of the lithium niobate base.
3. according to the described a kind of high-speed light add-drop multiplexer based on electrooptical effect of claim 2, it is characterized in that described polarization mode converting unit (106) is made up of 30 electrode units, its interdigital electrode voltage distributes as shown in the table.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN101846815A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-29 | 天津大学 | Bandwidth-adjustable optical wavelength filter capable of simultaneously extracting double wavelength |
| CN101793822B (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-31 | 南京树声科技有限公司 | Multi-wavelength laser for measuring multi-component gas and measuring method thereof |
| CN102636888A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-15 | 天津大学 | Electro-optic tuning multi-wavelength FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter and all-level voltage determining method |
| CN101793520B (en) * | 2010-01-30 | 2013-04-10 | 中北大学 | Integrated optical waveguide gyroscope based on optical microcavity |
| CN105629523A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-06-01 | 山东大学 | Lithium niobate based tunable optical filter and application thereof |
| CN113534504A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-22 | 华中科技大学 | Electric control adjustable polarization beam splitting method and device based on thin-film lithium niobate |
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2007
- 2007-10-10 CN CNB2007100613975A patent/CN100561262C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101793822B (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-31 | 南京树声科技有限公司 | Multi-wavelength laser for measuring multi-component gas and measuring method thereof |
| CN101793520B (en) * | 2010-01-30 | 2013-04-10 | 中北大学 | Integrated optical waveguide gyroscope based on optical microcavity |
| CN101846815A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-29 | 天津大学 | Bandwidth-adjustable optical wavelength filter capable of simultaneously extracting double wavelength |
| CN101846815B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2012-01-25 | 天津大学 | Bandwidth-adjustable optical wavelength filter capable of simultaneously extracting double wavelength |
| CN102636888A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-15 | 天津大学 | Electro-optic tuning multi-wavelength FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter and all-level voltage determining method |
| CN105629523A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-06-01 | 山东大学 | Lithium niobate based tunable optical filter and application thereof |
| CN105629523B (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-08-31 | 山东大学 | A kind of adjustable light wave-filter and its application based on lithium niobate |
| CN113534504A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-22 | 华中科技大学 | Electric control adjustable polarization beam splitting method and device based on thin-film lithium niobate |
| CN113534504B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-06-02 | 华中科技大学 | Electronically controlled adjustable polarization beam splitting method and device based on film lithium niobate |
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