CN101130513A - Method for extracting and purifying xanthophyl from chlorella algae powder - Google Patents
Method for extracting and purifying xanthophyl from chlorella algae powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN101130513A CN101130513A CNA2007101207409A CN200710120740A CN101130513A CN 101130513 A CN101130513 A CN 101130513A CN A2007101207409 A CNA2007101207409 A CN A2007101207409A CN 200710120740 A CN200710120740 A CN 200710120740A CN 101130513 A CN101130513 A CN 101130513A
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- xenthophylls
- saponification
- algae powder
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- sodium hydroxide
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extracting and purifying method of lutein from pellet algae in the biological technical domain, which comprises the following steps: extracting lutein and ester through composite agent; using 5-20% sodium hydroxide to saponify; rotating; evaporating; washing; crystallizing; obtaining high-purity lutein crystal; weighing 0. 2-2g algae powder to place in the 50-500ml centrifuge tube; adding 8. 0-80. 0ml composite liquid solvent to extract under 10-40 deg. c for 0. 5-2h; adding 10-100ml 5%-30% sodium hydroxide solution into the test tube with hybrid extractant; saponifying at 30-70 deg. c for 3-8h; centrifuging under low temperature for 5-10 min; extracting the product from organic phase. The invention ensures the optimum saponifying technique, which is extracted from pellet algae cell effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, a kind of method of extracting purification of xanthophylls from the bead algae powder particularly is provided, be worth and prospect adopting chlorella to produce to have important use aspect the important life active compound xenthophylls.
Background technology
Xenthophylls belongs to a kind of asymmetric dihydroxyl carotenoid, is the main moiety of macular pigment among the human eye retina.Discover that at present xenthophylls mainly contains the pharmaceutical value of following three aspects: prevent that 1) the elderly from looking macular degeneration; 2) has antitumous effect; 3) cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases there is preventive and therapeutic effect.In addition, xenthophylls can be widely used in the industries such as food color, makeup and medicine as the pure natural pigment of high value.At present price and the price of gold of xenthophylls are suitable substantially, and the laudatory title of food gold is arranged, and its domestic market year demand reaches 100,000 tons, but turnout 6 kilotons only do not satisfy the needs of domestic and international market far away, so have the vast market potentiality.
At present, the chemical synthesising technology of xenthophylls is not achieved success as yet, therefore can only mainly extract to purify from plants such as Flower of Aztec Marigold to obtain.The xenthophylls production technique is at first with Flower of Aztec Marigold ensiling, squeezing, drying and granulating, adopts normal hexane extraction and distillation back to obtain then.Because the Flower of Aztec Marigold poor growth, therefore study fast growth and other high living species of lutein content and replace Flower of Aztec Marigold and become a very important research topic as the Biological resources of producing xenthophylls.We discover that lutein content is suitable with the lutein content in the Flower of Aztec Marigold substantially in the chlorella cells, particularly we adopt the technology of heterotrophic fermentation method cultivation superelevation cell concn chlorella ripe, can fast culture go out a large amount of chlorella biomasss.Therefore adopting chlorella is fully possible as a kind of Biological resources of producing xenthophylls to substitute Flower of Aztec Marigold.
Chinese scholars has been carried out a large amount of research aspect the optimizing and controlling method of extracting xenthophylls from Flower of Aztec Marigold, but in that how the research report aspect high efficiency extraction and the purification of xanthophylls is rare from chlorella.Xenthophylls in the chlorella is through after the extraction of organic solvent, and major part exists with ester class form.Because the water-soluble non-constant of xenthophylls, the lutein ester analog derivative can not directly be absorbed metabolism by human body, can not bring into play pharmaceutical use, and lutein ester is hydrolyzed to free xanthophyll under the effect of human body endoenzyme, be absorbed the participation metabolism then.The Study on Transformation of this aspect concentrates on lutein ester is placed alkaline environment, obtains free xanthophyll by saponification reaction.At present, main method for saponification has two kinds, and a kind of is cold saponification, promptly adds alkaline solution according to predetermined proportion in the lutein ester that extracts, and stirs afterreaction and spends the night.Another kind is hot saponification, and the place different with cold saponification is that the mixing solutions heating behind the adding alkali lye is finished until reaction.Saponifying agent commonly used is 40% potassium hydroxide methanol solution or saturated sodium hydroxide solution.After saponification, still exist part ester solubility impurity in the saponification product that obtain, therefore also to do being further purified processing.
Successfully filtering out and also to cultivate on the basis of controlling acquisition superelevation cell concn chlorella by the heterotrophic growth chlorella vulgaris by optimizing, we compare system and comprehensively research the cold saponification of selection, hot saponification and best saponification condition are extracted purification of xanthophylls from the bead algae powder aspect, find to adopt hot saponification to utilize 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution efficiently lutein ester to be converted into xenthophylls from the algae powder, this has established very important basis for further adopting chlorella to produce xenthophylls.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of from the bead algae powder, extracting purification of xanthophylls, adopt a kind of polar organic solvent ethanol and a kind of nonpolar reagent normal hexane of small molecular weight to mix as extraction agent, 20% sodium hydroxide solution is as saponifying agent, by being further purified processing, can efficiently lutein ester class in the bead algae powder be converted into xenthophylls, extracted amount reaches 3.2mg/g.Realized from chlorella cells, efficiently lutein ester being converted into the saponification process of xenthophylls.For the industrialization production of adopting cultivating chlorella by heterotrophic nutrition fermentation to produce xenthophylls lays the foundation.
The present invention utilizes mix reagent to carry out the extraction of xenthophylls and ester class thereof earlier, carries out saponification with 5～30% sodium hydroxide then.Through rotary evaporation, washing obtains the higher degree lutein crystal after the crystallization.Extracting xenthophylls technology from the bead algae powder is: take by weighing 0.2～2g algae powder and put into 50～500ml centrifuge tube, add 8.0～80.0ml mixing liquid solvent and extract, temperature is 10～40 ℃, and the time is 0.5～2 hour.Saponification process is: in the test tube that adds the mixed extraction agent, add 5～30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions of 10～100ml, and 30～70 ℃ of saponification 3～8 hours, low-temperature centrifugation 5～10 minutes obtains the xenthophylls that extracts from the algae powder in the organic phase.
Mixing liquid solvent of the present invention is a polar solvent ethanol, the non-polar solvent normal hexane; Carbon atom in the two solvent and Sauerstoffatom ratio 20: 1.
1, different saponifying agents effect that lutein ester in the bead algae powder is transformed: in 50～500ml centrifuge tube, add 0.2～2g algae powder, after adding mixed extraction agent extraction, 5～30% sodium hydroxide solutions, sodium hydroxide-water-ethanol solution or the sodium hydroxide-water-methanol solution that in centrifuge tube, add 10～100ml respectively, 30～70 ℃ of saponification 3～8 hours, extract the solvent supernatant liquor and directly on high pressure liquid chromatography, measure xenthophylls concentration, with the effect of determining that different saponifying agents transform lutein ester in the algae powder.Result of study shows, in the different solvents of test, sodium hydroxide solution during as saponifying agent the xenthophylls concentration in the upper organic phase the highest, the saponification effect is best.
The effect that 2 saponifying agent concentration transform lutein ester in the bead algae powder: after having determined saponifying agent, adopt and use the same method, test the saponification effect of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% sodium hydroxide solution respectively.Comprehensive Experiment effect and cost, it is proper that we think that employing 20% sodium hydroxide solution carries out saponification.
The effect that 3 saponification temperatures transform lutein ester in the bead algae powder: adopt and use the same method, the changing effect to 25 ℃, 50 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃ following lutein esters compares respectively.Help the conversion of xenthophylls fat along with temperature raises, but temperature further rising can cause the decomposition of free xenthophylls, the changing effect of lutein ester was best when test result showed 50～60 ℃, xenthophylls concentration is the highest in the upper organic phase of mensuration.
The effect that 4 saponification time transform lutein ester in the bead algae powder: the saponification effect that adopting uses the same method tests 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h respectively.Because the time is short to make the saponification of lutein ester not thorough, and overlong time xenthophylls itself has easily that oxidized and unsettled characteristic makes its content descend, and found that 6 hours is only saponification time.
Principle of work
Saponification reaction can make lutein ester be hydrolyzed to free xenthophylls, is because ester hydrolysis under alkaline condition generates pure and mild a kind of soap.Along with increasing of alkaline solution naoh concentration, the amount of xenthophylls constantly increase and when a certain concentration the amount of xenthophylls reach the highest, but the amount of xenthophylls begins to descend afterwards.Its reason is under finite concentration sodium hydroxide, can make lutein ester generation hydrolysis, and fatty acid glycerine aglucon and free fatty acids are removed, and help being converted into xenthophylls.But the excessive concentration of alkali can increase the unstable of xenthophylls, because after the lipid acid aglucon is by saponification, xenthophylls loses protection and destroyed by highly basic, degrades easily.For temperature, help the conversion of xenthophylls fat along with temperature raises within the specific limits, but temperature further rising can cause the decomposition of free xenthophylls, therefore 50 ℃ be the saponification temperature that relatively suits.Time, short xenthophylls saponification was not thorough, and the time flavine amount that comes into leaves descends on the contrary.This is because xenthophylls mainly exists with transconfiguration at normal temperatures, is converted into cis-structure at the xenthophylls that is heated, has approximately under illumination and the chemical action 7% by transconfiguration, and what play active function mainly is transconfiguration.If saponification time is long under higher temperature, have more xenthophylls and be converted into cis-structure, thereby influence the quality of xenthophylls by transconfiguration, reduce its anti-oxidant activity and anticancer effect.
Advantage of the present invention
Because xenthophylls most of form with ester in chlorella exists, by saponification reaction most of lutein ester is converted into free ground xenthophylls, can be from chlorella cells more effective xenthophylls that extracts, determined that high efficiency extraction goes out the best saponification process of xenthophylls from chlorella cells, significant values has been arranged at the industrialization producer mask that adopts chlorella to produce xenthophylls.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 effect that lutein ester transforms in the chlorella during for the present invention adopts different saponification solvent.X-coordinate is the saponification solvent species, and ordinate zou is the xenthophylls concentration mg/L in the upper organic phase after the saponification.Show among the figure, in the saponifying agent of test, sodium hydroxide solution during as saponifying agent the xenthophylls concentration in the upper organic phase the highest, the changing effect of lutein ester is best.
Fig. 2 effect that the chlorella lutein ester transforms during different saponifying agent concentration for the present invention adopts.X-coordinate is a saponifying agent concentration, and ordinate zou is the xenthophylls concentration mg/L in the upper organic phase after the saponification.Show among the figure that when the different saponifying agent concentration of test, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is that the 20% o'clock xenthophylls concentration in the upper organic phase is the highest, the changing effect of lutein ester is best.
The effect that lutein ester transformed in the chlorella when Fig. 3 adopted differing temps for the present invention.X-coordinate is different temperature, and ordinate zou is for changing the xenthophylls concentration mg/L in the upper organic phase of back.Show among the figure that the changing effect of lutein ester is best in the time of 50 ℃.
When Fig. 4 the present invention is adopted as different saponification time.The effect that lutein ester transforms in the chlorella.X-coordinate is different saponification time, and ordinate zou is for changing the xenthophylls concentration mg/L in the upper organic phase of back.The transformation efficiency that shows lutein ester among the figure is in rising trend and reach maximum at 6h in the 6h at 1h, but in time the amount of prolongation xenthophylls descends gradually behind the 6h, so 6h is only saponification time.
Embodiment
1, bead algae powder experiment material: the present invention test used algae kind be a strain we oneself screening can unglazed chlorella-USTB01 (Chlorella sp) according to heterotrophic growth, cgmcc N
o1448, preservation date: on August 25th, 2005.The spray-dried acquisition of chlorella algae powder through 2 days heterotrophic fermentation cultivations.
2, from the bead algae powder, extract xenthophylls: in centrifuge tube, add 0.2g algae powder and mixed extraction reagent 8ml, left standstill under the room temperature 1 hour.
3, the conversion of lutein ester: in the centrifuge tube after extracting, add 20% sodium hydroxide, 50 ℃ were carried out saponification 6 hours, got upper organic phase after the end and were rotated evaporation, 43 ℃ of temperature, 8 minutes time.Invest xenthophylls on bottle wall with n-hexane dissolution, be put into-8 ℃ of refrigerator crystallizations and spend the night, promptly obtain the higher xenthophylls of purity.
4, the xenthophylls in the extraction agent is measured: adopt HPLC to measure the concentration of xenthophylls, the condition of mensuration is: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument (Tianjin, island LC-10ATvp pump, SPD-M10Avp diode-array detector), ZorbaxSB-C
18(separator column of 4.6mm * 25cm), moving phase is acetonitrile-methyl alcohol-ethyl acetate (45: 10: 45), flow velocity is 1mLmin
-1, sample size 20 μ L detect wavelength: 474nm.The xenthophylls peak height of setting up according to the peak height substitution of working sample in the experiment (y) and one-variable linear regression equation (y=4.0408x-0.8169, the R of xenthophylls concentration (x)
2=0.9987), can calculate the concentration of xenthophylls.
5, adopt chlorella to produce xenthophylls: adopting polar solvent ethanol and non-polar solvent normal hexane is to mix as extraction solvent at 20: 1 according to carbon atom and Sauerstoffatom ratio, 20% sodium hydroxide solution is as saponifying agent, 50 ℃ of saponification 6 hours, the saponifying agent consumption can be converted into the lutein ester in the bead algae powder xenthophylls with the ratio of algae powder efficiently for (v: w 10: 1), established very important basis for the industrialization production of adopting chlorella to produce xenthophylls, had important use and be worth.
Claims (2)
1. method of from the bead algae powder, extracting purification of xanthophylls, it is characterized in that: utilize mix reagent to carry out the extraction of xenthophylls and ester class thereof earlier, carry out saponification with 5～20% sodium hydroxide then, through rotary evaporation, washing obtains the higher degree lutein crystal after the crystallization; Extracting xenthophylls technology from the bead algae powder is: take by weighing 0.2～2g algae powder and put into 50～500ml centrifuge tube, add 8.0～80.0ml mixing liquid solvent and extract, temperature is 10～40 ℃, and the time is 0.5～2 hour; Saponification process is: add 5～30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions of 10～100ml in the test tube that adds the mixed extraction agent, 30～70 ℃ of saponification 3～8 hours centrifugal 5～10 minutes, obtain the xenthophylls that extracts from the algae powder in the organic phase.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described mixing liquid solvent is a polar solvent ethanol, the non-polar solvent normal hexane; Carbon atom in the two solvent and Sauerstoffatom ratio 20: 1.
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