CN102352400B - Method for producing phytosterol from deodorized distillate of vegetable fat obtained by microbial fermentation - Google Patents
Method for producing phytosterol from deodorized distillate of vegetable fat obtained by microbial fermentation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of biochemical industry, and in particular relates to a method for producing phytosterol from deodorized distillate of vegetable fat by microbial fermentation. The method is characterized in that the deodorized distillate of vegetable fat obtained by microbial fermentation is used, the free fatty acid in the deodorized distillate is used as a nutrient substance of microorganism to be directly metabolized and utilized; glyceride in the deodorized distillate is hydrolyzed into micromolecule substances in the presence of hydrolases such as lipase, esterase and the like, and then the micromolecule substances are absorbed and utilized by microorganism cells so as to be transformed to cell substances; phytosterol combined with free fatty acid and glyceride is released to fermentation broth after free fatty acid and glyceride are digested and utilized, the fermentation broth is subjected to microfiltration so that microorganism cells in the fermentation broth are removed; and because phytosterol is not dissolved in water, filtrate is subjected to low temperature crystallization after concentration so as o separate out phytosterol. The method has the advantages of greatly simplifying the production process, reducing energy consumption and reducing production cost; and at the same time, because an organic solvent is not used, the method dose not generate environmental pollution and has obvious economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microbial fermentation vegetable fat deodorizing distillate and produce the method for plant sterol, belong to technical field of biochemical industry.
Background technology
Plant sterol extensively is present in plant and the plant seed, is one of composition that constitutes in the plant materials in cytolemma.Contain compositions such as Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol in the plant sterol.Plant sterol has good physiological function, have serum cholesterol-lowering, reducing blood-fat, antitumor, reduce the heart trouble incidence, prevent prostatosis, and anticancer, as to regulate animal growth, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, effect such as delay senility, also be the synthetic precursor of multiple hormone, vitamins D and steroide.Plant sterol also has characteristics such as good emulsifying and stability.Therefore, plant sterol is widely used in fields such as food, medicine, makeup, growth of animal agent and weaving, printing and sheet processing industry.The raw material that is used for extracting plant sterol at present mainly is the by product of Vegetable oil lipoprotein industry, and as alkali refining soap stock, deodorization distillate, hydrated oil foot, fatty acid distillation residue etc., wherein deodorization distillate is to be used for extracting the main raw material of producing plant sterol at present.
Vegetable fat deodorizing distillate is the by product of last process in the oil and fat refining process, and main component is free fatty acids, glyceryl ester, sterol, tocopherol (being vitamin-E), hydrocarbon, water and other oxygenolysis products.The content of its each composition has bigger difference because of Vegetable oil lipoprotein kind, production technique.Generally contain 30%～60% free fatty acids, 10%～20% glyceryl ester, 10%～35% sterol, 1%～20% tocopherol, 5%～30% hydrocarbon.Sterol and free fatty acids, glyceryl ester are combined, and the physico-chemical property of deodorization distillate main component differs very little, and therefore therefrom the separation and Extraction sterol is very difficult.
Some microorganisms such as Candida utilis, directly metabolism utilizes free fatty acids, thereby is translated into cellular material; Can also produce lytic enzymes such as lipase, esterase, glyceryl ester is hydrolyzed to small-molecule substance, be absorbed by microorganism cells then, be converted into cellular material.Like this, in microbial fermentation vegetable fat deodorizing distillate process, after lipid acid, glyceryl ester were utilized by metabolism, just the plant sterol of combination was discharged in the fermented liquid with it.
Sterol is generally sheet or powdery white solid, and fusing point is higher, more than 100 ℃, is up to 215 ℃.The sterol relative density is slightly larger than water, and is water insoluble, dissolves in multiple organic solvent.Sterol is as free alcohol compound, can with lipid acid or phenolic acid generation esterification, also can be combined with hydro carbons.
Application number is that 02829395.9 hungarian patent discloses a kind of method that reclaims plant sterol from the refining by product deodorization distillate of vegetables oil, from the deodorization distillate, remove free fatty acids by vacuum distilling or by continuous solvent saponification, then the material collected and aromatic carboxylic acid's acid anhydride are reacted under 50 ℃～150 ℃ and decompression, after the acid anhydrides processing, from mixture, remove tocopherol, from distillation residue, reclaim sterol by transesterify again.Application number be 200710062149.2 Chinese patent disclose a kind of from soyabean deodorization distillate the method for separation and Extraction plant sterol, with supercutical fluid soyabean deodorization distillate is extracted, extract remainder and acetone are mixed in 54 ℃ of dissolvings that reflux down, the slow decrease temperature crystalline of room temperature gets the sterol crystal.Application number is the method that the Chinese patent of 200810049033.X discloses a kind of enzyme catalysis, molecular distillation extraction plant sterol, with the glyceryl ester in the plant oil deodorizing distillate, at first through lipase hydrolysis generate lipid acid, lipase-catalyzed methyl alcohol and fatty acid esterification generate fatty acid methyl ester then, precipitation, the freezing sterol that takes off again after filtration,, remove fatty acid methyl ester by the quadratic component distillation at last, and obtain sterol.It is a kind of by the method for extracting plant sterol in the cottonseed oil deodorizer distillate that application number is that 200910306961.4 Chinese patent discloses, at first with storng-acid cation exchange resin as catalyzer, add methyl alcohol free fatty acids is transformed into corresponding methyl esters, again after filtration, cold analysis in precipitation, adsorbents adsorb and parsing, reduction vaporization, the methyl alcohol, filtering separation obtains the plant sterol crystal.
The weak point that above patented technology method exists is:
1, adopt molecular distillation, molecular distillation or supercritical extraction, these method complex process, long flow path, facility investment is big, process cost is high, the production cost height, and also treatment capacity is smaller.
2, use and consume poisonous, inflammable organic solvents such as a large amount of methyl alcohol, acetone, increased the construction investment of production plant on the one hand, increased the safety in production risk; On the other hand, healthy unfavorable to the workman also causes environmental pollution.
3, be transformed into corresponding methyl esters with lipase-catalyzed free fatty acids, although the reaction conditions gentleness, non-environmental-pollution, lipase price height, inactivation, the difficult preservation easily.
Summary of the invention
What the technical problem to be solved in the present invention provided a kind of efficient, safety, less energy-consumption, non-environmental-pollution extracts the method for producing plant sterol by vegetable fat deodorizing distillate.
Principle of the present invention: use the microbial fermentation vegetable fat deodorizing distillate.Free fatty acids in the deodorization distillate is as the nutritive substance of microorganism and by directly metabolism utilization.Glyceryl ester in the deodorization distillate is hydrolyzed to small-molecule substance under the effect of lytic enzymes such as lipase that Institute of Micro-biology produces, esterase, absorbed by microorganism cells then, is converted into cellular material.After free fatty acids, glyceryl ester were by digestibility and utilization, just the plant sterol of combination discharged in the fermented liquid with it.Fermented liquid process micro-filtration is removed microorganism cells wherein; Because plant sterol is water insoluble, cold analysis can be isolated plant sterol after the concentrating filter liquor.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The microorganism of a, fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate
The microorganism that is used for the fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate is candida tropicalis.
B, culture medium preparation and sterilization
In 1L water, add 60～80g deodorization distillate, 0.5～2g yeast powder, 0.5～1g sal epsom, 3～5g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, pH value 6.5～7.0.According to described proportioning, various compositions are weighed back the adding in the mechanical agitation type fermentor tank, stir under the room temperature, make the deodorization distillate fermention medium; Feed steam to fermentor tank then and begin sterilization, treat that a jar temperature rises to 118 ℃～121 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes, after sterilization finishes, introduce water coolant the substratum temperature is down to 25 ℃～30 ℃.
C, fermentation
Inoculum size according to 8%～10% is inoculated into candida tropicalis bacterium liquid among the substratum in the described fermentor tank of step b, 28 ℃～37 ℃ of control leavening temperatures, mechanical stirring rotating speed 150rpm～180rpm, air flow 0.8～1.1vvm, pH value 6.0～6.5 was fermented 90～96 hours.
D, cooling, filtration
After the fermentation ends, the described fermentation liquid pump of step c to storage tank and be cooled to 0 ℃～5 ℃, is at this moment formed one deck waxy solid thing on fermented liquid top, wherein contain 60%～70% natural VE, can be used to further extract natural VE.Open the baiting valve of storage tank bottom, to the fermented liquid storage tank, and the waxy solid thing still is retained in the storage tank with the fermentation liquid pump of bottom, open the hot water valve of storage tank, with jar temperature rise to 25 ℃～30 ℃, at this moment the waxy solid thing melts and is tawny liquid, and pump is to another storage tank then.For isolated fermented liquid, adopt ceramic microfiltration membrane to carry out micro-filtration, remove yeast cell wherein.Micro-filtration operational condition: 0.22 micron diameter tubular ceramic membrane, 30 ℃ of control feed temperatures, pressure 0.16～0.18Mpa, stabilizing membrane flux 100～120L/hm
2See through in the fermented liquid of microfiltration membrane and contain 4.7～12.8g/L plant sterol, with the yeast cell of trapped fluid, can be used as animal-feed after collection, the drying.
E, concentrated
Adopt the rotation vacuum concentrator, the fermented liquid under the condition of 70 ℃～80 ℃ of temperature, vacuum tightness 82～90KPa among the enrichment step d makes that wherein plant sterol concentration is increased to 100～120g/L.
F, cold analysis, drying
Fermented liquid after concentrating among the step e was cooled to 0 ℃～5 ℃ cold crystallizations 6～8 hours, filters subsequently, filter cake deionized water wash 3 times, 40 ℃～50 ℃ cold air dryings namely get thick sterol product.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art has is:
1. adopt microbial fermentation that the free fatty acids in the deodorization distillate and glyceryl ester are converted into cellular material, plant sterol changes free state into by combined, and utilizes the water-fast characteristic of plant sterol, prepares the crystallization plant sterol very simply.Compare with present industrial process such as molecular distillation, production method technology of the present invention is simple, flow process is short, facility investment is low, and treatment capacity is big, and production cost is low.
2. whole process of production is not used poisonous, inflammable organic solvent.
3. whole process of production does not have environmental pollution.；
Embodiment
Below the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The microbial fermentation soybean oil deodorizer distillate is produced plant sterol
The microorganism of a, fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate
The microorganism that is used for the fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate is candida tropicalis.
B, substratum
In 1L water, add 60g soybean oil deodorizer distillate (containing plant sterol 10.2%), 1.0g yeast powder, 0.5g sal epsom, 3.0g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, pH value 6.5.Various compositions are weighed back the adding in the mechanical agitation type fermentor tank, stir, make the deodorization distillate fermention medium; Feed steam to fermentor tank then and begin sterilization, treat that a jar temperature rises to 121 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes.Sterilization is down to 28 ℃ with the substratum temperature after finishing.
C, fermentation
Inoculum size according to 10% is inoculated into candida tropicalis bacterium liquid in the above-mentioned substratum, 28 ℃ of control leavening temperatures, and mechanical stirring rotating speed 150rpm, air flow 1.0vvm, pH value 6.5 was fermented 90 hours.
D, cooling, filtration
After the fermentation ends, above-mentioned fermentation liquid pump to storage tank and be cooled to about 5 ℃, is at this moment formed one deck waxy solid thing on fermented liquid top, wherein contain 72% natural VE.Open the baiting valve of storage tank bottom, to the fermented liquid storage tank, and the waxy solid thing still is retained in the storage tank with the fermentation liquid pump of bottom, open the hot water valve of storage tank, with jar temperature rise to 28 ℃, at this moment the waxy solid thing melts and is tawny liquid, and pump is to another storage tank then.For isolated fermented liquid, adopt ceramic microfiltration membrane to carry out micro-filtration, remove yeast cell wherein.Micro-filtration operational condition: 0.22 micron diameter tubular ceramic membrane, 30 ℃ of control feed temperatures, pressure 0.16Mpa, stabilizing membrane flux 100L/hm
2See through in the fermented liquid of microfiltration membrane and contain the 5.1g/L plant sterol.
E, concentrated
Adopt the rotation vacuum concentrator, concentrated broth under the condition of 80 ℃ of temperature, vacuum tightness 85KPa makes that wherein plant sterol concentration is increased to more than the 100g/L.
F, cold analysis, drying
Fermented liquid after concentrating was cooled to 0 ℃ of cold crystallization 8 hours, filters subsequently, filter cake deionized water wash 3 times, 40 ℃～50 ℃ cold air dryings namely get thick sterol crystal, and gained sterol purity is 90.2%.
Embodiment two
Microbial fermentation rapeseed oil deodorization distillate is produced plant sterol
The microorganism of a, fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate
The microorganism that is used for the fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate is candida tropicalis.
B, substratum
In 1L water, add 65g rapeseed oil deodorization distillate (containing plant sterol 20.5%), 0.5g yeast powder, 1.0g sal epsom, 4.0g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, pH value 7.0.Various compositions are weighed back the adding in the mechanical agitation type fermentor tank, stir, make the deodorization distillate fermention medium; Feed steam to fermentor tank then and begin sterilization, treat that a jar temperature rises to 121 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes.Sterilization is down to 30 ℃ with the substratum temperature after finishing.
C, fermentation
Candida tropicalis bacterium liquid is inoculated in the above-mentioned substratum according to 10% inoculum size, 30 ℃ of control leavening temperatures, mechanical stirring rotating speed 160rpm, air flow 1.0vvm, pH value 7.0 was fermented 96 hours.
D, cooling, filtration
After the fermentation ends, the liquid pump that will ferment is to storage tank and be cooled to about 5 ℃, at this moment forms one deck waxy solid thing on fermented liquid top, wherein contains 75% natural VE.Open the baiting valve of storage tank bottom, to the fermented liquid storage tank, and the waxy solid thing still is retained in the storage tank with the fermentation liquid pump of bottom, open the hot water valve of storage tank, with jar temperature rise to 30 ℃, at this moment the waxy solid thing melts and is tawny liquid, and pump is to another storage tank then.For isolated fermented liquid, adopt ceramic microfiltration membrane to carry out micro-filtration, remove yeast cell wherein.Micro-filtration operational condition: 0.22 micron diameter tubular ceramic membrane, 30 ℃ of control feed temperatures, pressure 0.16Mpa, stabilizing membrane flux 105L/hm
2See through in the fermented liquid of microfiltration membrane and contain the 10.6g/L plant sterol.
E, concentrated
Adopt the rotation vacuum concentrator, concentrated broth under the condition of 80 ℃ of temperature, vacuum tightness 85KPa makes that wherein plant sterol concentration is increased to more than the 100g/L.
F, cold analysis, drying
Fermented liquid after concentrating was cooled to 0 ℃ of cold crystallization 8 hours, filters subsequently, filter cake deionized water wash 3 times, 40 ℃～50 ℃ cold air dryings namely get thick sterol crystal, and gained sterol purity is 91.6%.
Embodiment three
The microbial fermentation cottonseed oil deodorizer distillate is produced plant sterol
The microorganism of a, fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate
The microorganism that is used for the fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate is candida tropicalis.
B, substratum
In 1L water, add 80g cottonseed oil deodorizer distillate (containing plant sterol 17.2%), 2.0g yeast powder, 1.0g sal epsom, 3.5g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, pH value 6.5.Various compositions are weighed back the adding in the mechanical agitation type fermentor tank, stir, make the deodorization distillate fermention medium; Feed steam to fermentor tank then and begin sterilization, treat that a jar temperature rises to 121 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes.Sterilization is down to 30 ℃ with the substratum temperature after finishing.
C, fermentation
Inoculum size according to 10% is inoculated into candida tropicalis bacterium liquid in the above-mentioned substratum, 30 ℃ of control leavening temperatures, and mechanical stirring rotating speed 180rpm, air flow 1.1vvm, pH value 6.5 was fermented 96 hours.
D, cooling, filtration
After the fermentation ends, above-mentioned fermentation liquid pump to storage tank and be cooled to about 5 ℃, is at this moment formed one deck waxy solid thing on fermented liquid top, wherein contain 60% natural VE.Open the baiting valve of storage tank bottom, to the fermented liquid storage tank, and the waxy solid thing still is retained in the storage tank with the fermentation liquid pump of bottom, open the hot water valve of storage tank, with jar temperature rise to 30 ℃, at this moment the waxy solid thing melts and is tawny liquid, and pump is to another storage tank then.For isolated fermented liquid, adopt ceramic microfiltration membrane to carry out micro-filtration, remove yeast cell wherein.Micro-filtration operational condition: 0.22 micron diameter tubular ceramic membrane, 30 ℃ of control feed temperatures, pressure 0.17Mpa, stabilizing membrane flux 110L/hm
2See through in the fermented liquid of microfiltration membrane and contain the 11.3g/L plant sterol.
E, concentrated
Adopt the rotation vacuum concentrator, concentrated broth under the condition of 80 ℃ of temperature, vacuum tightness 85KPa makes that wherein plant sterol concentration is increased to more than the 110g/L.
F, cold analysis, drying
Fermented liquid after concentrating was cooled to 0 ℃ of cold crystallization 8 hours, filters subsequently, filter cake deionized water wash 3 times, 40 ℃～50 ℃ cold air dryings namely get thick sterol crystal, and gained sterol purity is 89.2%
Claims (1)
1. a microbial fermentation vegetable fat deodorizing distillate is produced the method for plant sterol, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
The microorganism of a, fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate
The microorganism that is used for the fermenting plant grease deodorized distillate is candida tropicalis;
B, culture medium preparation and sterilization
In 1L water, add 60～80g deodorization distillate, 0.5～2g yeast powder, 0.5～1g sal epsom, 3～5g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, pH value 6.5～7.0, according to described proportioning, various compositions are weighed back the adding in the mechanical agitation type fermentor tank, stir under the room temperature, make the deodorization distillate fermention medium; Feed steam to fermentor tank then and begin sterilization, treat that a jar temperature rises to 118 ℃～121 ℃, be incubated 30 minutes, after sterilization finishes, introduce water coolant the substratum temperature is down to 25 ℃～30 ℃;
C, fermentation
Inoculum size according to 8%～10% is inoculated into candida tropicalis bacterium liquid among the substratum in the described fermentor tank of step b, 28 ℃～37 ℃ of control leavening temperatures, mechanical stirring rotating speed 150rpm～180rpm, air flow 0.8～1.1vvm, pH value 6.0～6.5 was fermented 90～96 hours;
D, cooling, filtration
After the fermentation ends, the described fermentation liquid pump of step c to storage tank and be cooled to 0 ℃～5 ℃, is at this moment formed one deck waxy solid thing on fermented liquid top, wherein contain 60%～70% natural VE, be used for further extracting natural VE; Open the baiting valve of storage tank bottom, with the fermentation liquid pump of bottom to the fermented liquid storage tank, and the waxy solid thing still is retained in the storage tank, open the hot water valve of storage tank, with jar temperature rise to 25 ℃～30 ℃, at this moment the waxy solid thing melts and is tawny liquid, pump is to another storage tank then, for isolated fermented liquid, adopt ceramic microfiltration membrane to carry out micro-filtration, remove yeast cell wherein;
Described micro-filtration operational condition: 0.22 micron diameter tubular ceramic membrane, 30 ℃ of control feed temperatures, pressure 0.16～0.18Mpa, stabilizing membrane flux 100～120L/hm
2
See through in the fermented liquid of microfiltration membrane and contain 4.7～12.8g/L plant sterol, with the yeast cell of trapped fluid, collection, dry back are as animal-feed;
E, concentrated
Adopt the rotation vacuum concentrator, the fermented liquid under the condition of 70 ℃～80 ℃ of temperature, vacuum tightness 82～90KPa among the enrichment step d makes that wherein plant sterol concentration is increased to 100～120g/L;
F, cold analysis, drying
Fermented liquid after concentrating among the step e was cooled to 0 ℃～5 ℃ cold crystallizations 6～8 hours, filters subsequently, filter cake deionized water wash 3 times, 40 ℃～50 ℃ cold air dryings namely get thick sterol product.
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| CN105176851A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-23 | 河北科技大学 | Culture method for candida tropicalis rich in sterol |
| CN107893032B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2020-07-31 | 河南大学 | Actinomucor elegans strain for producing lipase by using vegetable oil deodorization distillate |
| CN112586598A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-02 | 湖南百宜饲料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of biological feed for improving livestock and poultry production performance |
| CN115637193A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-01-24 | 湖南金浩粮油工业有限公司 | Refining process of tea oil for cosmetics |
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| JP2000245360A (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2000-09-12 | Nisshin Oil Mills Ltd:The | Emulsifying preparation containing plant sterol |
| UA78066C2 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2007-02-15 | Process for recovery of plant sterols and tocopherols from deodorized distillates | |
| CN101074258B (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2010-04-21 | 河北科技大学 | Method for separating and extracting phytosterin and Vitamin E from soyabean deodorization distillate |
| CN101153035B (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2010-09-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for extracting vitamin E from vegetable oil deodorization distillate |
| CN101225414B (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2011-07-06 | 河南工业大学 | Novel method for extracting natural vitamin E, phytosterol, fatty acid methyl ester by enzyme catalysis and molecular distillation |
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