CN101128715B - 带有金属端帽及其组件的陶瓷输送辊 - Google Patents

带有金属端帽及其组件的陶瓷输送辊 Download PDF

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CN101128715B
CN101128715B CN2006800057944A CN200680005794A CN101128715B CN 101128715 B CN101128715 B CN 101128715B CN 2006800057944 A CN2006800057944 A CN 2006800057944A CN 200680005794 A CN200680005794 A CN 200680005794A CN 101128715 B CN101128715 B CN 101128715B
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end cap
tolerance ring
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conveying roller
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D·戈蒂埃
A·弗拉姆
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C13/00Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G39/00Rollers, e.g. drive rollers, or arrangements thereof incorporated in roller-ways or other types of mechanical conveyors 
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G39/00Rollers, e.g. drive rollers, or arrangements thereof incorporated in roller-ways or other types of mechanical conveyors 
    • B65G39/02Adaptations of individual rollers and supports therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/0829Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve
    • F16D1/0835Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve due to the elasticity of the ring or sleeve
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2207/00Indexing codes relating to constructional details, configuration and additional features of a handling device, e.g. Conveyors
    • B65G2207/22Heat or fire protection
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rollers For Roller Conveyors For Transfer (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及在高温应用中使用的输送辊,更特别地涉及用于该输送辊的改进端帽组件。根据本发明,输送辊(1)包括:a)陶瓷套筒(2);b)位于陶瓷套筒(2)的每个端部(21,22)处的端帽(4),该端帽(4)包括金属环箍(41)并且具有适于安装在陶瓷套筒端部(21)上的特定内周长;和c)位于陶瓷套筒(2)的每个端部(21,22)和端帽(4)之间的弹性金属公差环(3),所述公差环具有多个周向布置的褶皱。该输送辊可以在不受损的情况下抵抗暂时过热或堵塞。

Description

带有金属端帽及其组件的陶瓷输送辊
技术领域
本发明涉及在高温应用中使用的输送辊,更特别地涉及用于该辊子的改进端帽组件。
背景技术
在高温应用中使用的输送辊可以包括具有金属端帽的陶瓷套筒。典型地,陶瓷套筒包括熔融石英。端帽容易地安装到轴承或驱动轮上。例如,在玻璃回火应用中,陶瓷套筒支撑玻璃片,并且端帽机械联接到驱动机构上。端帽应当牢固地粘附到套筒上,从而允许套筒以希望的速度旋转。偏转通常是不希望的,因为这将产生用于玻璃片的不平坦支撑表面。
陶瓷套筒和金属端帽的不同热膨胀很难将端帽牢固地紧固到套筒上,并且会产生偏转。已经提出了各种方法克服该难题。美国专利No.3,867,748教授了利用粘合剂将端帽紧固到套筒上。美国专利No.4,242,782提出了利用橡胶O形环紧固端帽。粘合剂和O形环在高温下会变软并丧失保持力,从而导致套筒偏转以及端帽与套筒之间的滑动。如果粘合剂和O形环偶然地经受这种高温,它们必然会丧失它们的保持力,使得即使当温度恢复到其正常值时仍然会观察到滑动。为此,利用粘合剂或O形环将端帽紧固到套筒上限于低温(低于250℃)应用。
还使用金属连接器将端帽固定到套筒上。美国专利No.5,316,129或美国专利No.4,404,011描述了在套筒和端帽之间使用螺旋缠绕卷圈。卷圈包括弯曲部分和笔直部分,尽管端帽和套筒具有不同的热膨胀系数,但是所述卷圈允许端帽和套筒之间连续接触。该文献的扁平侧置(flat sided)弹簧圈包括连续的较长部分,所述较长部分比较薄。在这些情况下,观察到卷圈元件的显著柔性。因此,为了获得足以将端帽固定到套筒上的扭矩,必须给所述卷圈预加非常大的压力。如果温度偶然升高(暂时过热),扭矩就会消失,因此端帽也不再紧固到套筒上。此外,当系统冷却时,扭矩不再恢复。美国专利Nos.5,906,567和5,370,596描述了用于将端帽固定到套筒上的弯曲的双金属片。双金属片的曲率随温度改变,从而保持套筒和端帽之间的牢固连接。但是,装配和修理盘簧或双金属系统非常困难。另外,这种金属连接器尤其适合于特定温度范围(通常400℃及以上)。在该范围之外,会观察到偏转。
机械紧固件可以用于将端帽固定到套筒上。美国专利No.4,751,776显示了具有螺钉的环形配置的端帽,其螺旋拧到套筒端部上的环箍中。拧紧螺钉以将端帽固定到套筒上,但是热膨胀及热收缩可以使螺钉松脱,从而导致偏转和滑动。在这种情况下,螺钉将严重地损害套筒表面。螺钉还键接到在套筒表面上机加工出的平坦表面上,从而确保同轴转动。这种套筒和锁定键的装配和修理耗费时间。FR 2550172描述了在套筒和端帽之间具有金属轴环的端帽。端帽利用与套筒平坦表面相配合的键锁定到适当位置上。轴环具有大于端帽的热膨胀,用于弥补端帽和套筒之间的热膨胀差。美国专利No.5,146,675公开了一种螺钉,其可以拧紧以将金属板压靠在套筒的平面上,从而将套筒压靠在端帽的内表面上。端帽包括进入口,其允许螺钉、金属板和端帽焊接到一起,从而防止螺钉退出。有效地,端帽和套筒横向于单个轴线,即,螺钉进行连接。横向于单个接触轴线的热循环可以导致金属板相对于套筒偏转和移动。这一运动甚至可以导致金属板与平面边缘接触和使套筒开裂。
使用现有技术的输送辊通常观察到的另一问题在于辊子卡住(jamming)。例如,如果被输送物品发生堵塞或者发生机械卡死(seizing),驱动机构将连续操作并且将扭矩传递给端帽。在这些情况下,陶瓷套筒或紧固装置将断裂。当输送辊进行剧烈加速或减速时,长时间运行会观察到同样的结果。
需要这样一种端帽,其在各种应用温度下牢固且中心地固定到陶瓷套筒上。端帽应当能够抵抗暂时过热并且在温度恢复正常恢复其保持力,而不会导致偏转。端帽还应当易于安装。输送辊还应当能够抵抗输送线暂时卡住或卡死,以及抵抗突然加速或减速。
发明内容
这些及其它目标利用本申请所述的输送辊实现。实际上,插入到端帽和陶瓷套筒(还称作辊颈)端部之间的公差环将套筒牢固地紧固到端帽中,保证极为有效的扭力传递以及防止套筒发生偏转。另外,在暂时过热的情况下,端帽和公差环发生热膨胀,而陶瓷套筒的尺寸不会明显变化。因此,公差环的紧固力将减少,并且套筒将开始在端帽中滑动。当温度恢复正常时,端帽和公差环将恢复其″正常″尺寸,并且保持力将整体地恢复。重要的是注意到,在该暂时过热期间,由于公差环的原因,套筒将保持与端帽同轴。
美国专利No.3,061,386公开了公差环。它们由弹性金属制成并且具有多个周向布置的指定高度和间距的褶皱,其中所述褶皱的高度和间距都显著小于公差环的直径。典型地,间距小于直径的10%,优选地小于直径的8%。典型地,高度小于直径的5%,优选地小于直径的3%。美国专利No.3,142,887指出了制造这种公差环的方法。该设计非常特别并且与螺旋卷绕的平面卷圈相反。由于这一特别设计,公差环显示出非常显著的柔性。公差环的许多变形已经描述于本领域中(变化的高度、间距、对齐或错位的多排褶皱......)并由各个公司出售。原则上,所有这些公差环都可以使用。优选地使用开口公差环,其长度小于端帽内周长,这是因为当辊颈引入具有公差环的端帽时,所述公差环必须能够适应可能在套筒或端帽制造期间产生的小尺寸变化。有利的是具有与第一公差环平行的第二开口公差环,但是其开口错位,以便提高端帽中套筒的同轴度。还非常有利地是具有较为有限的间距(两个波″峰″之间小于20mm)以获得增强的刚性。
优选地是具有向内褶皱,使得在滑动情况下,滑动只相对于″公差环-端帽″联接发生,而不会损坏套筒表面。
根据本发明的有利实施例,公差环中的至少一个设置有至少一个突起部(tab),相应地,陶瓷套筒的相应端部设置有适于接收公差环的突起部的一个或多个凹口。这种布置将防止公差环和套筒之间沿轴向的相对移动。因为优选地是防止套筒特别是在暂时过热(即,当通过公差环施加于套筒上的压力最小)期间从公差环中退出,优选地是使突起部定向,使得突起部端部与最接近套筒端部的凹口壁相配合。因此,套筒只能朝向其端部略微移动并且抵靠端帽底部。如果在套筒两侧提供设置有这些有利突起部的这种公差环,那么就可以防止套筒的相对移动。
根据另一个实施例,公差环设置有至少两个突起部,并且一个突起部具有与至少另一个突起部相反的方向。因此,可以防止套筒相对于单个公差环的相对移动。
如上所述,端帽具有接收公差环和套筒的一端的内周。有利地,端帽设置有台阶以限制公差环和端帽之间的相对移动。根据特别优选的实施例,端帽设置有适于接收公差环的凹槽。因此,即使在暂时过热情况下,也可以防止公差环相对于端帽的所有轴向移动。尤为有利的是使公差环上的突起部与端帽中的凹槽相配合,以避免在暂时过热期间套筒相对于端帽的任何相对移动。
根据本发明的特定实施例,一旦装配在一起,端帽和陶瓷套筒就会接收一标记(mark)。两个标记彼此对齐,使得如果发生暂时过热的话,扭矩停止传输给套筒,操作人员将通过认识到标记偏移而注意这种现象。他会随后采取适当的手段。
本发明还涉及用于装配此处所述输送辊的方法。该方法包括将公差环放入端帽的环箍中并且将陶瓷套筒的每一端压入端帽中的步骤。步骤顺序是重要的,否则,公差环相对于套筒的位置可以在它们插入端帽期间改变。通常,陶瓷套筒端部被压入设置有公差环的端帽中,其中液压机施加数百kg/cm2,例如1000kg/cm2的压力。
在公差环设置有一个或多个突起部的情况下,所述方法包括向内弯曲突起部以及定位套筒的步骤,使得突起部与套筒的相应凹口相配合。
根据本发明的输送辊可以用于输送薄箔或(例如玻璃或金属的)片材,以便对薄箔或片材进行各种热处理和在其上涂覆涂层。该输送辊尤其适合于在易受明显温度变化影响的环境中输送扁平物体。
附图说明
为了更好地解释本发明,下面相对于附图描述以非限制实例方式给出的实施方法,其中:
图1、2和3是根据本发明实施例的输送辊的示意性剖面图;和
图4显示了传递扭矩(Nm)对温度(℃)的图表。
具体实施方式
在这些图中,1通常表示包括陶瓷套筒2的输送辊,所述陶瓷套筒具有两个端部21、22。包括环箍41的端帽4布置在套筒2的两端(图1中只显示了设置在端部21的端帽)。公差环3插入端帽4中。端帽4具有图1所示的规则内表面,而图2和3分别显示了设置有用于限制公差环3在端帽中移动的台阶42或凹槽43的端帽4。
公差环可以设置有与陶瓷套筒21端部处的凹口壁相配合的突起部31。参见图1-3,突起部31与最接近套筒2的端部21的凹口壁相配合。
已经利用图2所示的输送辊进行了尝试,以便证明输送辊抵抗暂时过热以及在温度恢复正常时恢复其正常工作状态的可能性。
具有向内朝向的褶皱(长度:242mm,宽度:25mm,高度:1.9mm,间距:9.4;不锈钢)的开口公差环3插入到具有80mm内径的端帽4(碳钢)中。对第二端帽重复上述操作。套筒21和22(直径为77毫米)的两端压入端帽4中。这种输送辊用于在室温和200℃之间的温度下工作。通过常规试验,本领域的技术人员会客易地发现不同的布置(在不同温度下的不同金属操作)。
图4显示了传递扭矩(Nm)对温度(℃)的图表。可以看出,扭矩逐渐减小,直到300℃左右,在该温度下,扭矩值小于50Nm并且套筒开始滑动。当温度恢复正常(下降曲线)时,传递的扭矩迅速增加以恢复其原始值。从300℃开始,套筒停止滑动。在输送辊拆下之后,已经注意到陶瓷套筒的两端状况良好,并且在暂时过热期间根本没有受到损坏。图4还(虚线)显示了对于如美国专利5,316,129所述的系统而言,传递扭矩(Nm)对温度(℃)的曲线。这种系统由较长且平坦的元件组成。当系统受热时,传递扭矩逐渐减小(曲线A)直到300℃左右,在该温度下,达到系统的弹性极限。在该点,传递扭矩急剧降低,并且辊子开始在端帽中滑动。当系统恢复正常(曲线B)时,由于已经超过了系统的弹性极限,系统不会完全恢复到原始扭矩。当再次加热并冷却(曲线C和D)时,观察到相同的情况,因此,当只是几个加热/冷却循环后,扭矩就不再传递,使得输送辊必须更换。显然,这种输送辊不适合在发生显著温度变化的环境下使用。相反,本发明的输送辊已经证明完全适合于这种使用需要。

Claims (11)

1.用于高温应用的输送辊(1),其适用于承受显著温度变化的环境中,包括
a)陶瓷套筒(2);
b)位于陶瓷套筒(2)的每个端部(21,22)上的端帽(4),该端帽(4)包括金属环箍(41)并且具有适合于安装在陶瓷套筒端部(21)上的特定内周长;和
c)位于陶瓷套筒(2)的每个端部(21,22)和端帽(4)之间的开口的弹性金属公差环(3),所述公差环具有小于端帽(4)的内周长的长度且具有多个周向布置的褶皱。
2.如权利要求1所述的输送辊,其特征在于,所述公差环具有小于20mm的间距。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的输送辊,其特征在于,所述公差环的褶皱向内延伸。
4.如权利要求3所述的输送辊,其特征在于,多个开口公差环(3)插入到陶瓷套筒(2)的每个端部(21,22)和端帽(4)之间,并且该公差环的开口错开。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的输送辊(1),其特征在于,所述公差环(3)中的至少一个设置有至少一个突起部(31),陶瓷套筒(2)的相应端部(21)设置有适于接收公差环(3)的突起部(31)的凹口(211)。
6.如权利要求5所述的输送辊,其特征在于,突起部(31)定向成使得突起部的端部与最接近套筒(2)的端部(21)的凹口(211)的壁相配合。
7.如权利要求6所述的输送辊,其特征在于,所述公差环设置有至少两个突起部,并且至少一个突起部具有与至少另一个突起部相反的朝向。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的输送辊,其特征在于,所述端帽设置有适于接收公差环(3)的台阶(42)或凹槽。
9.用于装配如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的输送辊的方法,包括步骤:
a)将所具有的长度小于端帽内周长的开口公差环放入端帽的环箍中;
b)将陶瓷套筒的每个端部压入端帽。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,包括将公差环的一个或多个突起部向内弯曲的步骤a′)和定位套筒使得突起部与套筒的相应凹口配合的步骤b′)。
11.使用如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的输送辊(1)在经受显著温度变化的环境中输送扁平物品。
CN2006800057944A 2005-02-22 2006-02-21 带有金属端帽及其组件的陶瓷输送辊 Ceased CN101128715B (zh)

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EP05447040A EP1693635A1 (en) 2005-02-22 2005-02-22 Ceramic conveyor roll with metal end caps and its assembly
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PCT/EP2006/001563 WO2006089716A1 (en) 2005-02-22 2006-02-21 Ceramic conveyor roll with metal end caps and its assembly

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MA29332B1 (fr) 2008-03-03
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US20100126823A1 (en) 2010-05-27
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