CN101127663B - A system and method for access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network - Google Patents
A system and method for access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a system and a method of connecting a mobile self-organized network to an integrated network, which is a network system architecture connecting a mobile self-organized network to an integrated network, and a method of route setup and data distribution between the mobile self-organized network and the integrated network. The utility model comprises a mobile node MN, an access switching router ASR, a mapping server IMS and an approval center AC. The operating steps comprise discovering and setting up a route, that is a discovery process of an access switching router and a setup process of an interior route of the mobile self-organized network; and a logon process of the mobile node. The utility model has the advantages that thanks to the uniform access identification - switching route identification, not only realizing that the mobile self-organized network can be fast and effectively connected to the integrated network, but also effectively supporting the movement of the mobile node in the interior of the mobile self-organized network, thus overcoming the problems of the low moving speed of MIPv4/MIPv6 and the expandability of NAT mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system and method for access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network, it is a kind of network that passes through, with the agreement is the electric digital processing means of communication of feature, be a kind of mobile ad-hoc network to be inserted integratedization network of network architecture, and the method that the route between mobile ad-hoc network and the integrated network is set up and data are distributed.
Background technology
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET, Mobile ad-hoc networks) is a kind of dynamic, continuous network that changes of topological structure.Do not have fixing router or telephone net node in the mobile ad-hoc network, rely on mobile node to carry out route maintenance and data forwarding fully.Spontaneous a kind of network with occasional nature of formation between the mobile node, but the mobile node in the network has communication requirement non-conterminous node for data forwarding for other.
Along with the continuous extensive use of portable terminals such as notebook computer and mobile phone, increasing mobile network begins constantly to emerge in large numbers, and then has promoted the fast development of mobile ad-hoc network technology.The prerequisite that mobile ad-hoc network can be achieved success is its access capability that various fixed networks can be provided, and allows the user to visit the service that various fixed networks provide anywhere or anytime.
Make mobile ad-hoc network be linked into fixed network, have a multiple technologies difficult problem to need to solve, for example location management, switching and route etc.The node of mobile ad-hoc network inside can pass through specific Routing Protocol, as AODV (Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector), OLSR (Optimized Link StateRouting Protocol) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) etc., set up and the maintaining network routing iinformation.When mobile node visit fixed network node, it must find a gateway that the fixed network access can be provided for MANET, and the mobile ad-hoc network Routing Protocol can not provide such function.
The scheme that provides fixed network to insert for MANET has two classes at present, one class is based on mobile IPv 4/mobile IP v 6 (MIPv4/MIPv6, realize that Mobile IPv4/Mobile IPv6) another kind of address transition technology Network Based (NAT, Network Address Translation) realizes.
Though MIPv4/MIPv6 provides a kind of method that support to move in the Internet, from essence, it is not well-suited for the access function that MANET provides the Internet.At first, when a mobile node when the Internet access point moves to another one the Internet access point, this mobile node must obtain a new Care-of Address (CoA, Care-of Address), and this CoA is registered at its home agent (HA, Home Agent).With respect to the link switchover time delay, the spent time of login mechanism is very long, and especially this problem is more serious when mobile node is far apart from its home agent.Secondly, MIPv4/IPv6 supposes that at the beginning of design Foreign Agent (or couple in router) and mobile node are adjacent on physical link, MANET for multi-hop, this hypothesis is no longer set up, and mobile node can not learn that variation has taken place the Foreign Agent (or inserting switch router) of oneself by link layer mechanism.Once more, duplicate address detection mechanism (the DAD that MIPv4/MIPv6 is adopted when configuration CoA, Duplicate Address Detection) be not suitable for the MANET of multi-hop equally, and the time that DAD consumed be a second level, be insufferable for fast moving.
MANET access the Internet scheme based on NAT mechanism exists serious scalability problem.In this scheme, other nodes can not initiatively be visited the node that is positioned within the NAT network, and the end-to-end communication that praise highly the Internet can't be guaranteed.And in the scheme based on NAT, belonging to a packet that communicates to connect must be from identical the Internet access point transmission, in case node motion arrives other access point, this communicates to connect and will interrupt, and must rebulid connection.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming prior art problems, the present invention proposes a kind of system and method for access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network, to solve defectives such as present mobile ad-hoc network access routing mode complexity, mobile handover delay that the Internet was had are big.The present invention is on the basis of integrated network architecture and mobile ad-hoc network theory, mobile ad-hoc network is linked into the integrated network core network as Access Network, and utilize the access of terminal in the integrated network to identify the characteristics that do not move and change with the position, the quick performance of handoffs of terminal in moving process is provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of system of access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network, comprise that at least two use accesses with at least one wave point identify the mobile node MN of setting up with maintaining routing information, described MN and at least one are visited the access point of integrated network core net as mobile ad-hoc network and are responsible for the distribution of mobile ad-hoc network internal node and safeguard access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, and the access switch router ASR that provides mobility to support for the mobile ad-hoc network internal node connects, described ASR and at least one be used to safeguard mobile node access-exchange Route Distinguisher map information and be responsible for the macro-mobility of mobile node and the mapping server IMS of location management, described IMS safeguards that with at least one the responsible AC of authentication center that node is carried out authentication and mandate of the authentication information of all nodes is connected; Except that above-mentioned connection, be electrically connected the composition system mutually in wired or wireless mode between described MN, ASR, IMS, the AC.
A kind of method of access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network comprises: mobile node MN, access switch router ASR, mapping server IMS, the AC of authentication center, and its operating procedure is:
Find and set up the steps A of route: insert the discovery of switch router and the foundation of the inner route of mobile ad-hoc network;
The step B of registration: the registration process of mobile node.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: insert sign-exchange Route Distinguisher separate mapping mechanism because the present invention uses, realized that not only mobile ad-hoc network can insert integrated network fast and effectively, can also effectively support mobile node moving in mobile ad-hoc network inside.Overcome the scalability problem of the not enough and NAT mechanism of MIPv4/MIPv6 rate travel.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The architectural model of the integrated network of Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is the system schematic of embodiment one access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network;
Fig. 3 is the AODV RREP message format schematic diagram after the expansion among the embodiment one;
Fig. 4 is the network topological diagram that stationary nodes is initiated communication among the embodiment four;
Fig. 5 rebulids the network topological diagram of connection for mobile node among the embodiment four.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
Present embodiment is a kind of specific embodiment of system of access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network, is a kind of mobile self-grouping network system that is based upon on the integrated network system-based.Described integrated network system is a kind of solution of Next Generation Internet architecture, and its access of supporting sign inserts problem with the Internet that exchange Route Distinguisher separate mapping mechanism can solve mobile ad hoc network MANET preferably.
Integrated network is that a kind of network of diversification and terminal supported inserts, fail safe that guarantee information is mutual and mobility, and the network architecture that pervasive service ability is provided is arranged.As shown in Figure 1, in the integrated network model, adopted and inserted sign and exchange Route Distinguisher separation of polymeric mapping theory (be called for short and insert the identification (RNC-ID) analytic mapping theory), created and introduced two virtual modules: virtual access module and virtual backbone module; Resolve mapping for one: insert the identification (RNC-ID) analytic mapping.
Virtual access module: this module has been introduced and has been inserted the identify label that sign inserts as terminal, and each terminal all has one or more globally unique access signs.Various access networks or terminal are (as the fixed network in the Internet, mobile network and sensing network, various access networks in the telecommunications network and terminal etc.) insert with a kind of uniform way, overcome the access network and the single problem that accesses terminal in the conventional information network, expanded the scope of network service.In addition, when various access networks or terminal moved to other position, the access of terminal sign did not need to change, and made user's connection not need to interrupt.
The virtual backbone module: this module has been introduced the exchange Route Distinguisher, is used for the broad sense exchange route and the pathfinding of virtual backbone module.When packet enters the transmission of virtual backbone module, the source termination is gone into switch router and is adopted the alternative sign that inserts of inner exchange Route Distinguisher to transmit, after arriving the access switch router of Correspondent Node, the exchange Route Distinguisher of packet is replaced into original access sign.Like this, when packet transmitted on the virtual backbone module, other users can not pass through the information analysis user's of intercepting and capturing virtual backbone module identity, had guaranteed user's privacy; Also can not intercept and capture their information by user identity, guarantee safety of user information.
Access identification (RNC-ID) analytic mapping: insert the identification (RNC-ID) analytic mapping a plurality of exchange Route Distinguisher are mapped to a plurality of access signs or a plurality of access signs are mapped to a plurality of exchange Route Distinguisher.
Figure 2 shows that the system configuration schematic diagram of present embodiment.MANET is linked into integrated network by one or more radio network gateway AP and access switch router in the present embodiment.The MANET internal node is by AODV agreement maintaining routing information.When node at different MANET or fixedly between the subnet when mobile, by integrated network it is carried out mobile management.
System shown in Figure 2 comprises following major function entity:
Access point (also can be described as gateway) when access switch router (ASR, Access Switch Router): ASR is MANET internal node visit integrated network core net.ASR is that the MANET node distributes and safeguards accesss-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, and is responsible for the source and destination of packet is replaced with exchange Route Distinguisher (or replace with access by the exchange Route Distinguisher identify) by inserting sign.ASR carries out the AODV agreement simultaneously, for the MANET internal node provides the mobility support.
Mobile node in mobile node (MN, Mobile Node): the MANET has one or more wave points, and it uses to insert to identify and sets up and maintaining routing information.MN finds ASR by route response (RREP, Route Reply) message.MN writes down all and has finished the ASR of registration thereon in the ASR tabulation.Mobile node can be that mobile phone or computer or other can carry out the electronic system of digital communication.
Mapping server (IMS, Identifiers Mapping Server): in whole integrated network, have a plurality of mapping servers.Mapping server is safeguarded all accesses-exchange Route Distinguisher map information within certain geographic range.Mapping server is responsible for the macro-mobility and the location management of mobile node.
Authentication center (AC, Authentication Center): in whole integrated network, have a plurality of authentication centers.Each authentication center safeguards all authentication informations fixing and portable terminal within certain geographic range, is responsible for the node of all access integrated networks is carried out authentication and mandate.
The described system of present embodiment, comprise that at least two use accesses with at least one wave point identify the mobile node MN of setting up with maintaining routing information, described MN and at least one are visited the access point of integrated network core net as mobile ad-hoc network and are responsible for the distribution of mobile ad-hoc network internal node and safeguard access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, and the access switch router ASR that provides mobility to support for the mobile ad-hoc network internal node connects, described ASR and at least one be used to safeguard mobile node access-exchange Route Distinguisher map information and be responsible for the macro-mobility of mobile node and the mapping server IMS of location management, described IMS safeguards that with at least one the responsible AC of authentication center that node is carried out authentication and mandate of the authentication information of all nodes is connected; Except that above-mentioned connection, be electrically connected the composition system mutually in wired or wireless mode between described MN, ASR, IMS, the AC.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is a kind of method embodiment of access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network, and described method operation may further comprise the steps:
Find and set up the steps A of route: the discovery and the inner route of MANET that insert switch router are set up;
The MANET internal node will communicate with external node, at first must find to insert switch router, and to insert the access point of switch router as integrated network.The discovery procedure of access switch router is set up process with the inner route of the MANET that arrives Correspondent Node and is carried out simultaneously.
Communicating to connect of MANET internal node and all Correspondent Nodes all uses the access sign to set up.When a mobile node moved, its access sign remained constant.
The step B of registration: the registration process of mobile node;
With external node set up communicate by letter before, the MANET internal node must at first be registered in the access switch router, so that network authenticates it and distributes access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations.
Embodiment three:
Present embodiment is the refinement of enforcement two, is the refinement of finding and setting up the process of route.Its process is as follows:
A1: mobile node is searched the route that arrives Correspondent Node in the routing table of oneself, if find then to Correspondent Node generation data, otherwise changes A2.
A2: mobile node broadcasting route request information, request can arrive the route of Correspondent Node.
A3: the intermediate node of mobile ad-hoc network inside is inquired about in its routing table after receiving the route request information of mobile node transmission, if do not find the route of Correspondent Node then to continue to broadcast route request information, and changes A4; Otherwise intermediate node sends route response message to mobile node, and ' I ' flag bit is filled 0, and changes A8.
A4: after the access switch router is received route request information, at first in its local user's mapping table, search the access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations of Correspondent Node, if find, then abandon this route request information, be left intact, if do not find, then in its Correspondent Node mapping table, search the access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations of Correspondent Node, if find then change A6, otherwise, A5 changeed.
A5: insert the access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations of switch router,, then these mapping relations are stored into its Correspondent Node mapping table, and change A6 if find to the mapping server query communication opposite end in its territory, place.Otherwise, abandon this route request information, no longer do any processing.
A6: insert switch router and send route response message, if mobile node is registered, then ' I ' flag bit is filled 1 on the access switch router, otherwise ' I ' flag bit is filled 0 to mobile node.
A7: after intermediate node is received the route response message that inserts the switch router transmission, the route of adding Correspondent Node in routing table to will insert switch router and add its optional access switch router tabulation, transmit route response message to mobile node.
A8: after mobile node is received route response message, in routing table, add the route of Correspondent Node to, if ' I ' flag bit is 1, to insert switch router and add its access switch router tabulation, if ' I ' flag bit is 0, will inserts switch router and add its optional access switch router tabulation.
Present embodiment is expanded ADOV agreement RREP message, has used a new flag bit (' I ' flag bit) to trigger the MANET internal node and has begun authentication.Communication initiator when MANET inside receives that ' I ' flag bit is after 0 the RREP message, then needs the sender's (being ASR) to RREP message to send authentication request message.After registration process finished, source node can communicate with the MANET external node.Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the AODV RREP message after expanding.
Embodiment four:
Present embodiment is embodiment two or three refinement, is the refinement of registration process.Its process is as follows:
B1: mobile node receives that ' I ' flag bit is after 0 the route response message, directly sends authentication request message to inserting switch router, carries own access in the message and identifies.
B2: after the access switch router is received the authentication request message of mobile node transmission, send authentication challenge message to authentication center.
B3: after inserting the authentication response message that switch router receives that authentication returns, if authentification failure, then no longer do any processing, if authentication is passed through, then distribute the exchange Route Distinguisher for mobile node, to insert-exchange the Route Distinguisher mapping relations and store local user's mapping table into, and these mapping relations will be reported to mapping server.
B4: insert switch router and pass through message to sending mobile node transmission authentication.
B5: mobile node is received authentication by after the message, will insert switch router and add its access switch router tabulation, and registration process is finished, and can communicate with Correspondent Node.
Connecting has two kinds of situations usually, a kind ofly is under the node fixation case and keeps this stationary state that another kind of situation is that node moves the situation that will rebulid connection in communication process.Illustrate both of these case below.Its network topological diagram shown in Fig. 4,5,
At first establishing the node of initiatively initiating communication is MN
A, MN
AWish that the final node of connecting is MN
B, MN
ASeeking MN
BProcess in the intermediate node that passes through be MN
C, MN
AInitiating communication is that the router that at first finds is AR
A, with MN
B, MN
CThe router that connects is respectively AR
B, AR
C
Fig. 4 initiates the network topological diagram of communication for stationary nodes.Be positioned at the MN of MANET
AInitiatively initiate communication, after through processes such as route requests, registrations, final and MN
BSuccessfully establish a communications link.
The route that step 1 ASR finds and MANET is interior is set up process:
Step 1, MN
APrepare visit MN
B, it at first finds MN in the routing table of oneself safeguarding
BRoute, but do not find.
Step 2, MN
ABroadcasting route requests RREQ message, request can arrive MN
BRoute.
Step 3, MN
CReceive MN
AAfter the RREQ message that sends, in its routing table, inquire about, do not find MN
BRoute.MN
CContinue broadcasting RREQ message.
Step 4, AR
AAfter receiving RREQ message, at first in its local user's mapping table, search MN
BAccess-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, after not finding, in its Correspondent Node mapping table, search MN
BAccess-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, if find then change step 6, otherwise, change step 5.
Step 5, AR
ATo the IMS in its territory, place inquiry MN
BAccess-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, if find, then store these mapping relations into its CMT, and change step 6.Otherwise, abandon this RREQ message, no longer do any processing.
Step 6, AR
ATo MN
ASend route replies RREP message.If MN
AAt AR
ALast registration then fills ' I ' flag bit with 1, otherwise ' I ' flag bit is filled 0.
Step 7, MN
CReceive AR
AAfter the RREP message that sends, in routing table, add MN to
BRoute, next is jumped and to be AR
AWith AR
AAdd its optional ASR tabulation; To MN
ATransmit this RREP message.
Step 8, MN
AAfter receiving RREP message, in routing table, add MN to
BRoute, next is jumped and to be MN
CIf ' I ' flag bit is 1, with AR
AAdd its ASR tabulation; If ' I ' flag bit is 0, with AR
AAdd its optional ASR tabulation.
The registration process of step 2 mobile node:
If step 9 RREP message ' I ' flag bit is 0, MN
ATo AR
ASend authentication request message, carry the access sign of oneself in the message.
Step 10, AR
AReceive MN
AAfter the authentication request message that sends, send authentication challenge message to authentication center.
Step 11, work as AR
AAfter receiving the authentication response message of AC transmission, if authentification failure is then no longer done any processing; If authentication is passed through, and then is MN
ADistribute the exchange Route Distinguisher, and general＜accesss identify, exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations store local user's mapping table into.
Step 12, AR
ATo sending MN
AMessage is passed through in authentication.
Step 13, MN
AReceive that authentication is by after the message, with AR
AAdd its ASR tabulation, beginning and MN
BCommunicate.
Rebulid the network topological diagram of connection below for mobile node.Its network topological diagram as shown in Figure 5.MN
AIn its residing MANET, move, and rebulid MN
BRoute, recovered to communicate to connect.
Step 1, MN
AOwn and MN have been detected
CLink down, so send new RREQ message request to MN
BRoute.
Step 2, MN
DReceive MN
AAfter the RREQ message that sends, because MN
DRouting table in do not arrive MN
BRoute, so continue to send RREQ message to adjacent node.
Step 3, MN
CReceive MN
AAfter the RREQ message that sends, because MN
CRouting table in have to MN
BRoute, so MN
CTo MN
AReply RREP message, wherein ' I ' flag bit is filled to 0.
Step 4, MN
DReceive MN
CAfter the RREP message that sends, in its routing table, add MN to
BRoute, and give MN with the RREP forwards
A
Step 5, MN
AAfter receiving RREP message, in its routing table, add MN to
BRoute, and recover to MN
BSend data.
Step 6, AR
AReceive MN
AAfter the data that send, because of preserving MN in its local user's mapping table
AAccess-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, so after replacing through sign, to inner these data of transmitting of integrated network.
Embodiment five:
Present embodiment is the alternative steps of embodiment four.Be step B1: mobile node receives that ' I ' flag bit is after 0 the route response message, sends authentication request message to inserting switch router, carries own access in the message and identifies the another kind of performing step of this step.Its running is:
B1-1: mobile node receives that ' I ' flag bit is after 0 the route response message, directly sends user data to Correspondent Node;
B1-2: after the access switch router is received the user data of mobile node transmission, detect mobile node and on the access switch router, do not register as yet, insert switch router and identify unverified notice message to mobile node transmission access;
B1-3: after mobile node is received and inserted the unverified notice message of sign, send authentication request message, carry the access sign of oneself in the message to inserting switch router.
Claims (3)
1. the system of an access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network, it is characterized in that, comprise that at least two use accesses with at least one wave point identify the mobile node MN of setting up with maintaining routing information, described MN and at least one are visited the access point of integrated network core net as mobile ad-hoc network and are responsible for the distribution of mobile ad-hoc network internal node and safeguard access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations, and the access switch router ASR that provides mobility to support for the mobile ad-hoc network internal node connects, described ASR with at least one be used to safeguard mobile node access-exchange Route Distinguisher map information and be responsible for the macro-mobility of mobile node and the mapping server IMS of location management is connected, described IMS safeguards that with at least one the responsible AC of authentication center that node is carried out authentication and mandate of the authentication information of all nodes is connected; Except that above-mentioned connection, be electrically connected the composition system mutually in wired or wireless mode between described MN, ASR, IMS, the AC.
2. the method for an access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network is characterized in that comprising step:
Find and set up the steps A of route, it comprises:
Substep A1: mobile node is searched the route that arrives Correspondent Node in the routing table of oneself, if find then send data to Correspondent Node, otherwise rotor steps A 2;
Substep A2: mobile node broadcasting route request information, request can arrive the route of Correspondent Node;
Substep A3: the intermediate node of mobile ad-hoc network inside is inquired about in its routing table after receiving the route request information of mobile node transmission, if do not find the route of Correspondent Node then to continue to broadcast route request information, and rotor steps A 4; Otherwise intermediate node sends route response message to mobile node, and ' I ' flag bit is filled 0, and rotor steps A 8;
Substep A4: after the access switch router is received route request information, at first in its local user's mapping table, search the access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations of Correspondent Node, if find, then abandon this route request information, be left intact, if do not find, then in its Correspondent Node mapping table, search the access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations of Correspondent Node, if find then rotor steps A 6, otherwise, rotor steps A 5;
Substep A5: insert the access-exchange Route Distinguisher mapping relations of switch router,, then these mapping relations are stored into its Correspondent Node mapping table if find to the mapping server query communication opposite end in its territory, place, and rotor steps A 6; Otherwise, abandon this route request information, no longer do any processing;
Substep A6: insert switch router and send route response message, if mobile node is registered, then ' I ' flag bit is filled 1 on the access switch router, otherwise ' I ' flag bit is filled 0 to mobile node;
Substep A7: after intermediate node is received the route response message that inserts the switch router transmission, in routing table, add the route of Correspondent Node to, to insert switch router and add its optional access switch router tabulation, transmit route response message to mobile node;
Substep A8: after mobile node is received route response message, in routing table, add the route of Correspondent Node to, if ' I ' flag bit is 1, to insert switch router and add its access switch router tabulation, if ' I ' flag bit is 0, will inserts switch router and add its optional access switch router tabulation;
The node of mobile ad-hoc network inside finds to insert the foundation of switch router and the inner route of mobile ad-hoc network;
The step B of registration, it comprises:
Substep B1: mobile node receives that ' I ' flag bit is after 0 the route response message, directly sends authentication request message to inserting switch router, carries own access in this authentication request message and identifies;
Substep B2: after the access switch router is received the authentication request message of mobile node transmission, send authentication challenge message to authentication center;
Substep B3: after inserting the authentication response message that switch router receives that authentication center returns, if authentification failure, then no longer do any processing, if authentication is passed through, then distribute the exchange Route Distinguisher for mobile node, to insert-exchange the Route Distinguisher mapping relations and store local user's mapping table into, and these mapping relations will be reported to mapping server;
Substep B4: insert switch router and pass through message to sending mobile node transmission authentication;
Substep B5: mobile node is received authentication by after the message, will insert switch router and add its access switch router tabulation, and registration process is finished, and can communicate with Correspondent Node.
3. a kind of access of mobile self-organized network to integrated network method according to claim 2 is characterized in that described substep B1 substitutes below adopting step by step:
B1-1 step by step: mobile node receives that ' I ' flag bit is after 0 the route response message, directly to send user data to Correspondent Node;
B1-2 step by step: after inserting the user data that switch router receives that mobile node sends, detect mobile node and do not register inserting on the switch router as yet, insert switch router and send to mobile node and insert the unverified notice message of sign;
B1-3 step by step: after mobile node is received and inserted the unverified notice message of sign, send authentication request message, carry own access in this authentication request message and identify to inserting switch router.
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| CN1841998A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for terminal user safety access soft handoff network |
| CN1972504A (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-30 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Method for mobile terminal using content of service of broadcast/multicast |
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