Background technology
Because the peculiar advantage of direct current network structure has by the trend of traditional low-voltage alternating-current radial pattern network to the transition of middle pressure ac/dc looped network in fields such as marine vessel powers.Therefore the research of carrying out medium voltage DC power system and the corollary equipment focus that become international.For the medium voltage DC net, the shortage of dc circuit breaker makes one of its important step that becomes researching DC network protection action.Because distinct advantages that permanent magnet mechanism had and in the successful Application in vacuum circuit-breaker and contactor field, permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism also is applied to the dc circuit breaker field gradually.
Forefathers did various useful explorations at permanent magnet mechanism in recent years, these are explored mainly based on following thought, be about to electromagnetic operating mechanism or spring operating mechanism and replace to permanent magnet mechanism, utilize permanent magnetism power to make permanent magnet mechanism remain on closing position, realize the combined floodgate and the separating brake of permanent magnet mechanism by control and the separating brake control of closing a floodgate.Has energy-saving and noise-reducing though possess traditional permanent magnet mechanism of above-mentioned operating characteristic, simplified structure, improve plurality of advantages such as adhesive reliability, yet also there are some defectives in these researchs, mainly show as following two kinds of forms: one, the permanent magnet mechanism driving governor when the on the low side or undesired power supply of network system supply power voltage, reliably disjunction of permanent magnet mechanism; Two, after long-term dead electricity, when permanent magnet mechanism needs disjunction because of the careless closure of artificial origin, can't disjunction because control circuit does not have energy storage.
At above-mentioned deficiency; the applicant has also carried out case study; and successively applied for that the patent No. is CN200510041964.1; the patent and the patent No. of patent ' permanent magnet mechanism contactor switch-on under-voltage protection and separating brake improve the method for just-off speed ' by name are CN200610104936.4; the patent of patent ' a kind of permanent magnet mechanism contactor ' by name with parallel circuits; traditional permanent magnet mechanism operation principle has been proposed improvement; improved the permanent magnet mechanism functional reliability; the advantages such as energy-saving and noise-reducing that also kept traditional permanent magnet mechanism institute tool; and the novel permanent magnetic mechanism that operation principle is different from traditional permanent magnet mechanism proposed on this basis; the operation principle of novel permanent magnetic mechanism has mainly been carried out following improvement: the magnetic attraction that permanent magnet mechanism provides at closing position place permanent magnet is less than the spring counter-force; to the logical less electric current of coil; make the composite magnetic power of permanent magnet and coil produce suction and keep the permanent magnet mechanism closure, permanent magnet mechanism can disjunction automatically under the counter-force effect during on the low side or coil two ends no power when the network system supply power voltage.
At present, research for permanent magnet mechanism controller mostly concentrates on traditional permanent magnet mechanism controller, but owing to above-mentionedly need not separating brake control its control principle of novel permanent magnetic mechanism of disjunction is different with traditional permanent magnet mechanism automatically, so for the also rare research of the controller of this novel permanent magnetic mechanism.Existing controller is generally introduced microprocessor in addition, though microprocessor can be realized traditional permanent magnet mechanism branch, the Based Intelligent Control of closing a floodgate, but still come with some shortcomings, mainly show when device for switching runs in the bad working environment, because numerous interference sources may cause the microprocessor software and hardware can't operate as normal, for example: hardware components, usually microprocessor all has a reset pin, be used for resetting of system, but reset circuit is subject to the interference of power-supply fluctuation, after power supply of microprocessor is interfered, when voltage drops to low level, the reset terminal current potential also drops to low level thereupon, makes the microprocessor can't operate as normal; Software section, program sometimes because bad phenomenon can appear extremely following in the influence of certain noise jamming, program perhaps occurs and " disorderly fly " phenomenon in running, influence the operate as normal of system.Above-mentioned factor all can reduce the job stability and the reliability of controller.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at above-mentioned prior art existence, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of permanent magnet mechanism controller based on pulse modulation technology (PWM), to realize control to above-mentioned novel permanent magnetic mechanism, this controller is that core parts adopt electronic circuit control with the pwm chip, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned existing controller, it is simple to have a circuit structure, and volume is little, control procedure is stable, and antijamming capability reaches advantages such as with low cost by force.
For realizing above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of permanent magnet mechanism controller based on pulse modulation technology comprises coil power supply module and pulse width modulation controlled module, it is characterized in that, described coil power supply module is made up of with the buck circuit that is connected current rectifying and wave filtering circuit; Described pulse width modulation controlled module is made up of delay circuit, control signal regulating circuit and pwm control circuit; In the pulse width modulation controlled inside modules, delay circuit, control signal regulating circuit link to each other successively with pwm control circuit, and accessory power supply is respectively delay circuit, control signal regulating circuit and pwm control circuit required direct voltage is provided; The pwm control circuit of pulse width modulation controlled module is communicated with the buck circuit of coil power supply module;
Alternating current input power supplying is the required smooth dc voltage of buck circuit through the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit rectifying and wave-filtering, and this smooth dc voltage obtains required adjustable DC chopped-wave voltage by buck circuit and is added on the permanent magnet mechanism operating coil;
The sawtooth signal that variable given control signal that the pwm control circuit of pulse width modulation controlled module provides delay circuit and control signal regulating circuit and pwm control circuit produce compares, determine the duty ratio of output control pulse, the DC chopped-wave voltage at the break-make regulating winding two ends by control impuls.
The permanent magnet mechanism controller based on pulse-width modulation (PWM) technology that the present invention proposes has following technical characterstic:
1, the control voltage that adds of novel permanent magnetic mechanism coil two ends is DC chopped-wave voltage, because the operating frequency height of the device for power switching MOSFET that selects for use in the controller, when reaching tens kilo hertzs, operating frequency can avoid owing to coil passes to the vibrating noise that the low frequency chopping voltage produces permanent magnet mechanism, reach and the same effect of the perfectly straight stream voltage in coil two ends, saved output filtering link simultaneously, overcome the shortcoming that controller reliability is reduced owing to energy-storage travelling wave tube is perishable, effectively reduce the controller cost, dwindled the controller volume.
2, according to the operation principle of novel permanent magnetic mechanism, require the added control voltage in coil two ends after making process is finished, can be adjusted to low sustaining voltage automatically by high switching voltage, this control voltage is changed regulatory function automatically and is realized by delay circuit and control signal regulating circuit, and delay circuit can be regulated switching voltage according to different closing times and hold time, the control signal of control signal regulating circuit output simultaneously, but its high low voltage value is flexible all, thereby makes switching voltage and sustaining voltage can realize independent adjusting respectively.
3, the present invention proposes two kinds of implementations to the control signal regulating circuit, wherein mode one is made up of regulating circuit and triode, this circuit structure is simple, component number is few, help the miniaturization of controller, but because this mode is for the independent adjusting of the high low voltage value of control signal, principle is comparatively complicated, regulate inconvenience, so the present invention proposes second kind of implementation again, mode two is made up of alternative numerical control analog switch CD4053 and regulating circuit, this circuit is for the independent adjusting of the high low voltage value of control signal, principle is simple, and is easy to adjust, realized the accurate adjusting to control signal.
Embodiment
1, novel permanent magnetic mechanism controls principle and controller architecture design
1) novel permanent magnetic mechanism controls principle
Different with traditional permanent magnet mechanism operation principle, novel permanent magnetic mechanism can realize need not separating brake control and get final product automatic disjunction, and realizes that above-mentioned improvement mainly is the control voltage of permanent magnet mechanism is regulated.Fig. 1 is a novel permanent magnetic mechanism coil power supply voltage schematic diagram, and at the permanent magnet mechanism attracting process, the coil two ends pass to the DC chopped-wave voltage of high duty ratio or the direct current pick-up voltage U of equivalence
The equivalence adhesiveMake permanent magnet mechanism under bigger electromagnetic attraction effect, finish the motion of closing a floodgate, after this control voltage and will reduce to the DC chopped-wave voltage of a low duty ratio or the direct current sustaining voltage U of equivalence automatically
Equivalence keeps, the counter-force that the suction that permanent magnet and coil are produced is made every effort to overcome the clothes reaction spring remains on "on" position with permanent magnet mechanism.
2) controller architecture design
For realizing control to novel permanent magnetic mechanism, export the coil power supply voltage that this permanent magnet mechanism needs, it is core parts with the pwm chip that the present invention proposes a kind of, permanent magnet mechanism controller based on pulse modulation technology, Fig. 2 is based on the structured flowchart of pulse modulation technology permanent magnet mechanism controller, controller is made up of coil power supply module and pulse width modulation controlled module, the coil power supply module is made up of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit and buck circuit, the pulse width modulation controlled module is by accessory power supply, delay circuit, the control signal regulating circuit, pwm control circuit is formed.
The operation principle of controller is: AC power frequency supply is the required smooth dc voltage of buck circuit through the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit rectifying and wave-filtering, the buck circuit of this direct voltage by constituting by device for power switching MOSFET and fly-wheel diode, obtain required adjustable DC chopped-wave voltage, be added on the permanent magnet mechanism operating coil, the sawtooth signal that variable given control signal that pwm control circuit provides delay circuit and control signal regulating circuit and the built-in oscillator of pwm chip produce compares, determine the duty ratio of output control pulse, control impuls is by the break-make of device for power switching MOSFET in the control buck circuit, thereby realize the DC chopped-wave voltage at regulating winding two ends, the control signal regulating circuit can be realized by dual mode, accessory power supply then is a delay circuit, control signal regulating circuit, pwm control circuit provide required direct voltage.
2, controller circuitry design
1) main circuit design
Buck circuit, circuit adopt MOSFET as master element, have realized the transformation of AC-DC.In conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4 the Design of main circuit that the present invention proposes is carried out following detailed description; Fig. 3 is a controller main circuit schematic diagram; rectifier bridge D1; input filter capacitor C, resistance R c forms the input rectifying filter circuit, and Rc is a bleeder resistance; the charge discharging resisting that accumulates on the input filter capacitor can be fallen; avoid because of electric charge accumulation makes electric capacity two ends, outage back charged, guarantee the fail safe used, and the safe disjunction of fuse F when being used for the protective circuit overcurrent.Device for power switching MOSFET manages Q, and sustained diode 2 is formed DC decompression chopper circuit, R
gFor sealing in low resistance of grid, can prevent the power tube grid, the source terminal voltage oscillation; Rs is for being connected in parallel between grid and the drain electrode; energy bleed off loop when turn-offing as power tube MOSFET guarantees that switching tube can turn-off fast, and Rb, Cb form the RC protective circuit of MOSFET.
The circuit working principle is as follows: single-phase 50Hz, 220V alternating voltage, the smothing filtering by full bridge rectifier and electric capacity obtain stable DC input U
In, during the Q conducting, output voltage U
OutWith input voltage U
InIdentical; Output voltage U when Q turn-offs
OutBe approximately zero, so U
Out=α U
In, wherein α is the conducting duty ratio of Q, U
OutBe the DC chopped-wave voltage that is added in the coil two ends.U
OutAdjusting be to realize by the conducting duty cycle alpha that change is added in MOSFET tube grid driving voltage.The adjusting of conducting duty cycle alpha realizes that by pwm control circuit concrete operation principle will be described in detail in the back.
When Fig. 4 is coil for load, main circuit actual measurement output voltage waveforms, main circuit elder generation's output duration when just powering on is the copped wave direct voltage of the high duty ratio of 50ms as seen from the figure, reduces to the copped wave direct voltage of low duty ratio again.
2) delay circuit design
The function of delay circuit promptly is with closing time of switching voltage time-delay in novel permanent magnetic mechanism making process.In conjunction with Fig. 5, Fig. 6 following detailed description is carried out in the design of the delay circuit of the present invention's proposition, Fig. 5 is the delay circuit schematic diagram, and delay circuit is realized by voltage comparator LM2903 and peripheral circuit thereof, this circuit single power supply, and V15 is+15V.R
4Be pull-up resistor, because the output of LM2903 is equivalent to a transistor that does not connect collector resistance, output generally must connect a resistance to positive supply in use, selects 3~15K.Select the pull-up resistor of different resistances can influence the value of output high potential.Because when output transistor ended, its collector voltage depended on the value of pull-up resistor and load basically.The normal phase input end of LM2903 adds a RC delay circuit,
τ=R wherein
3C
6Uc (τ)=9.48V when t=τ, anti-phase phase input adds a fixing reference voltage circuit, reference voltage U-=Uc (τ)=9.48V.R
1And R
2According to U-=R
2/ (R
1+ R
2) * V15 chooses.
The course of work of delay circuit is as follows: when controller energising work, and capacitor C
6Begin charging, when t<τ positive output end voltage U c (t) less than the inverting input voltage U-, the LM2903 output voltage U
TBe zero level.When t 〉=τ, positive output end voltage U c (t) greater than the inverting input voltage U-, comparator LM2903 counter-rotating, U
TBe output as high level.τ is permanent magnet mechanism at the required closing time of making process, R
3Select variable resistor for use, change R
3Resistance is scalable τ, just the size of closing time.For example, get t=50ms pickup time, therefore get R
3=10k Ω, C
5=5 μ f.
Fig. 6 represents respectively for delay circuit actual measurement output voltage waveforms, number in the figure, 1 be LM2903 inverting input voltage U-, 2 is LM2903 positive output end voltage U c (t), 3 is the LM2903 output voltage U
T, delay circuit can be realized the delay time function of 50ms of zero potential as seen from the figure.
3) control signal regulating circuit and pwm control circuit design
In conjunction with Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 carry out following detailed description to the pwm control circuit of the present invention's proposition and the design of two kinds of control signal regulating circuits.
Pwm control circuit adopts pwm chip, and its model is voltage driven type pulse width modulator TL494.Fig. 7 is a pwm chip TL494 pulse wide voltage-regulation schematic diagram, and wherein TL494 output pulse width modulate and control impulse is TL494 internal drive output transistor VT
1The emitter voltage pulse output of (not shown, can referring to the pwm chip specification), its course of work is: pwm control signal U
RefThe sawtooth signal that is produced with the built-in oscillator of pwm chip TL494 is imported the normal phase input end and the inverting input of the inner PWM comparator of pwm chip TL494 respectively, comparator output control VT
1Conducting end, pass through VT
1Emitter i.e. 9 pin is exported corresponding pulse width modulation controlled pulse.Because VT
1Emitter output width narrows down with the rising of PWM comparison control signal voltage, so the high low-voltage input sequence of pwm control signal Uref is exported reversed in order with the control impuls that TL494 exports high low duty ratio.
Fig. 8 is the pwm control circuit schematic diagram, control signal U
Ref3 pin by TL494 are the input of PWM comparator input terminal, realize that pulse wide voltage-regulation function TL494 adopts single-ended output services mode promptly only to use output transistor VT
1, be VT with 9 pin
1Emitter as the output of control impuls.The operating frequency of controller is by the operating frequency decision of TL494, and its operating frequency only depends on the outer timing element that is connected on the TL494 oscillator, i.e. resistance R
TAnd capacitor C
TNumerical value.Frequency of oscillation
Be set at 20kHz as operating frequency, then power taking resistance R
T=50k Ω, capacitor C
T=0.001 μ f.
Fig. 9 is two kinds of control signal regulating circuit schematic diagrams, and control signal regulating circuit implementation is just like scheming shown in a triode Q
1With adjustable resistance R
7Parallel connection, the output of its base stage and delay circuit is joined, and its course of work is: when t<τ, i.e. making process, the LM2903 output is to the base stage output zero level of triode Q1, and triode is in cut-off state, and control signal is adjusted to low-voltage, and its value is U
Ref=R
8V
15/ (R
6+ R
7+ R
8); When t 〉=τ, i.e. hold mode, comparator LM2903 counter-rotating, to the base stage output high level of triode Q1, the Q1 conducting works in saturation condition, its saturated tube voltage drop U
Ces=0.6V, this moment, R7 was equivalent to the short circuit by triode Q1, so control signal U
Ref=R
8(V
15-0.6)/(R
6+ R
8).The control signal U of attracting process and saturated maintenance process
RefBy the conducting duty cycle alpha
Adhesive, α
KeepDetermine with TL494 benchmark sawtooth voltage volt value.TL494 benchmark sawtooth voltage scope is 0~3.3V, α
Adhesive=U
The equivalence adhesive/
Uin, α
Keep=U
Equivalence keeps/ U
In, U wherein
InBe direct voltage U behind the rectifying and wave-filtering
In=300V can get adhesive reference voltage U thus
The ref adhesive=3.3 α
Adhesive, keep reference voltage U
Ref keeps=3.3 α
Keep, regulate R
7, R
8Resistance can regulate U
The ref adhesiveAnd U
Ref keepsValue.
Control signal regulating circuit implementation two is shown in figure b, by R
H1, R
H2Regulating circuit of forming and the input X of CD4052
I0Connect, by R
L1, R
L2Regulating circuit of forming and the input X of CD4052
I1Connect, the LM2903 output is connected with CD4052 control end A, the control end B ground connection of CD4053, the output Xo output control signal U of CD4053
Ref, its course of work is, when t<τ, LM2903 exports zero level, the input channel X of CD4052
I0Connect control signal U with output Xo
Ref=R
H2V
15/ (R
H2+ R
H1); When t 〉=τ, i.e. hold mode, comparator LM2903 counter-rotating output high level, the input channel X of CD4052
I1Connect control signal U with output Xo
Ref=R
L2V
15/ (R
L2+ R
L1); Regulate R
H2, R
L2Resistance can distinguish and regulate U separately
The ref adhesiveAnd U
Ref KeepValue, realize the accurate adjusting of control signal.
Figure 10 is control signal regulating circuit and pwm control circuit actual measurement output voltage waveforms, and number in the figure represents that respectively 1 is the TL494 output control pulse, and 2 is the sawtooth waveforms that the built-in oscillator of TL494 produces, and 3 is control signal U
Ref, to start working when controller as seen from the figure, control signal output earlier one time-delay is to be adjusted to the maintenance reference voltage afterwards automatically by the adhesive reference voltage of 50ms, and the control impuls duty ratio of TL494 output also changes thereupon.