CN101125242B - Forest grassland fire-proof agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Forest grassland fire-proof agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101125242B CN101125242B CN2007101222447A CN200710122244A CN101125242B CN 101125242 B CN101125242 B CN 101125242B CN 2007101222447 A CN2007101222447 A CN 2007101222447A CN 200710122244 A CN200710122244 A CN 200710122244A CN 101125242 B CN101125242 B CN 101125242B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire-proofing agent and the preparing method thereof. The fire-proofing agent comprises the raw materials with the following weight mixing ratios: phosphoric acid 15 to 30; carbamide 12 to 28; activator 0.08 to 0.2. The fire-proofing agent of the invention is prepared into liquor or powder under the polyreaction of the phosphoric acid and the carbamide under the action of the activator. The invention has the advantages of simple and rapid preparing method, low manufacturing cost and convenient usage so that the fire-proofing agent has good fire proofness and extinguishing effect with good adhesiveness and penetrability and lasting fire-proofing effect. When being sprayed on the vegetation such as the trees and the grasses in advance, the fire-proofing agent of the invention can radically prevent the happening of fire so as to protect the precious forest and grassland resources. With good stability and being not influenced by high temperature or low temperature, the fire-proofing agent of the invention is applicable to the territorial environment in different temperature conditions; the fire-proofing agent has long storage life with 5 years powder storage life and more than 2 years liquor storage life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly be used for that fire development takes place or delays in fire preventing and preparation of spreading and preparation method thereof, particularly prevent forest, prairie fire to take place or the preparation that spreads and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Though human society has entered the 21 century of science and technology fast development,, this ancient and real problem of control forest fire is not well solved so far as yet.Particularly in recent decades, because worldwide population expansion, process of industrialization is accelerated, activity of human beings influence aggravation in the forest, and the danger that forest fire takes place improves, and defence and control forest fire are subjected to the generally attention of various countries.Forest fire very dark natural cause and social factor arranged, be subjected to the influence of unusual weather conditions, high temperature, arid, forest fire frequently takes place in the world wide.Great forest fire has all taken place in countries such as the U.S., Europe ring mediterranean country, Russia, Mongolia, South Africa, Korea S, Indonesia.Wherein, the forest fire that the U.S., Russia, Canada, Europe, Australia etc. take place is the most serious, causes the extensive concern of countries in the world.
In recent years, the forest chemistry extinguishing chemical is used widely owing to having the high advantage of fire-fighting efficiency, and it both can directly put out intense flame, can be used to be provided with the fire-blocking belt again, to stop the expansion that spreads of fire.Particularly meagrely-populated, ungetable remote forest zone utilizes airplane spray chemical agent directly fire extinguishing or back-fire relief.
Chemical generally can be divided into fugitive and long-acting two big classes.Fugitive chemical: mainly be to rely on water to play the fire extinguishing effect, add small amount of chemical substances in water, be sprayed on the forest fuel, performance is equivalent to the fire extinguishing effect of several times water; Long-acting chemical: be to add the chemical agent that suppresses flame in water, rely on chemical agent to play the fire extinguishing effect, the fire extinguishing effect than the high 5-10 of water fire extinguishing effect doubly.The route of administration of chemical has two kinds: the one, carry out aerial spraying with aircraft delivery, and a kind of is to topple over extinguishing chemical to the scene of a fire to be used for direct fire extinguishing, another kind is to spray chemical formation fire insulation band obstruction forest fires to continue to spread; The 2nd, spray with the ground Fire extinguisher apparatus, when the meteorological condition factor was not suitable for airplane spray, available forest fire truck and other fire extinguisher etc. sprayed chemical to the scene of a fire, carried out inhibition or offered fire prevention back-fire relief band etc.
After the sixties, the long-acting extinguishing chemical product category that the U.S. and Canada use is a lot.For example Fa Erzhuoer (Fire-Trol) dry powder produced of U.S. Chemonics company, FOX that Monsato company produces cut can (Fhos-Check) but 202, afterwards change into FOX cut that XA and FOX cut can 259.Cut XA but stopped to produce FOX in 1981, replace Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (DAP) with ammonium phosphate (MAP) but produce FOX and cut AF and non-thickening product G W.Triumphant nurse Knicks company had produced liquid APP Fa Erzhuoer 931,934,936 in 1970.The frequent product that uses of the U.S. and Canada has now: Fire-Trol 300-F, Fire-Trol931-R, Fire-Trol FTR, Fire-Trol GTS-R, Fire-Trol LCA-F, Fire-Trol LCA-R, Fire-Trol LCG-F, Fire-Trol LCG-R, Phos-Chek 259-F/R/W, Phos-ChekD75-F/R, Phos-Chek G75-F/R/W, Phos-Chek HV-F/R, Phos-Chek LV-R and MV-R, Phos-Chek LC-95A, Phos-Chek LC-95D etc.
The Soviet Union brings into use chemical to put out the experiment work of forest fire from nineteen thirty, develop very fast, the fifties uses with magnesium chloride as the mixing extinguishing chemical of host with the extinguishing chemical of calcium chloride as host, Soviet Union Leningrad woods research institute improved above extinguishing chemical in 1967, a kind of is that telflurane is the fire extinguishing emulsion of host, another kind is to be the extinguishing chemical of host with the diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the former fire extinguishing effect is 2-3 a times of water, the latter is 4-5 a times of water, is mainly used in ground and sprays fire extinguishing.Leningrad woodss in 1977 are ground the fire-extinguishing agent for forest of the bischofite that contains magnesium bromide and boride of developing, and are applied in the forest fire.Had that to have developed with ammonium phosphate be the fire-extinguishing agent of host in 1985, effect is fine.
China's fire-extinguishing agent for forest mainly contains two kinds: 704 types and 75 type extinguishing chemicals, its fire-fighting principle is to play cooling, film forming, secluding air and dilution oxygen by the material that the extinguishing chemical decomposes generates, and causes forest fires to be suppressed or extinguishes.
Also have a kind of 82-3 type fire-extinguishing agent for forest in addition, this extinguishing chemical has only the content when bischofite to be increased to 25% when above, and fire extinguishing is renderd a service and is greatly improved.The fire extinguishing effectiveness of 20% bischofite solution and content are that the fire extinguishing of the ammonium phosphate rich water solution of 15-18% is renderd a service similar.
704 and the 75 type chemistry that China fire-extinguishing agent for forest the uses agent of going out uses phosphate fertilizer impurity many, fire extinguishing effectiveness is relatively poor. and be mainly used in and put out surface-fire, and the preparation complexity of medicament, and equipment there is certain detrimental effect. bischofite has only the back-fire relief effect, and influential to plant ecological.
Because present 704,75 type fire-extinguishing agent for forest are mainly used in air attack, these several extinguishing chemicals in use are very limited, and for example, fire extinguisher are had specific (special) requirements, if do not have more suitable fire extinguisher then tool can not give full play to the fire extinguishing effect; And these two kinds of extinguishing chemical viscosity are little, and aircraft aerial work height is subjected to certain limitation, makes thickener with clay usually, and is serious to equipment corrosion, formulation operations complexity, shortcomings such as time-consuming length.
In addition, discover, use the forest chemistry extinguishing chemical will be in a large number envirment factor in the forest ecosystem and the certain influence of animal and plant production.Particularly the anticorrisive agent in the forest chemistry extinguishing chemical, thickener, pigment are to the more difficult ignorance of the toxicity of environment.Chemical mainly shows following several respects to the influence of ecological environment.
1) to the influence of plant and animal
The forest chemistry extinguishing chemical is trickled down in forest and on the ground waste, spreads in soil by rainwash and eluviation, influences growth and development of plants.If chemical flows in the streams through rain drop erosion, easily cause water quality to become bad, will exert an influence to water plant.In the extinguishing chemical inflow stream, will produce bigger influence to fish, in addition dead.The U.S. and Canada have used a large amount of ammonium phosphate, the extinguishing chemical of APP in the past few years, find that many fishes all are killed.Observation finds that the extinguishing chemical of excessive nutrients such as use phosphoric acid ammonium, ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate salts is sprayed at and can causes burn on the forest plants, and macula lutea even disleave are burnt in the blade face; The plant that the animal food sprays the extinguishing chemical that contains nitrate directly intoxicating phenomenon occurs behind the leaf easily.Though nitrogenous extinguishing chemical can not directly cause poisoning, under the effect of soil bacteria, can be transformed into nitric acid or nitrite.These salt are by plant absorbing and be accumulated in the later stage, particularly dry season of producing season and will show intoxicating phenomenon.
2) to the influence of soil
The influence of soil is embodied a concentrated reflection of the effect of ammonium root and two kinds of ions of acid group based on the extinguishing chemical of ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate.A part increased soil fertility after the ammonium radical ion entered soil, and a part may be inflated the viscosity clay and absorb, and ease is to the space after some denitrogenation.Acid ion, particularly sulfate ion will exist with the form of sulfuric acid in soil, thereby reduce the pH value of soil.Element combinations such as iron, copper, zinc, magnesium in the part of sulfuric acid root rain soil form the solubility salt.
3) to the influence of human and environment
The extinguishing chemical of ammonium salt-containing can discharge a large amount of ammonias when using, and this is a kind of gas excitatory, and a large amount of ammonias have pollution to air.A large amount of using gases extinguishing chemicals and smoke extinguishing agent can produce certain pollution to air, but the smog that is far smaller than forest fire and is produced is to the pollution of air.
Using fire retardant chemical in the air and on the ground, all is possible directly contact with the people, and some medicament is poisonous, runs on the skin Diazolidinyl Urea.Ammonium salt also may produce the sensation of " hot ".If having eaten by mistake, the people may cause poisoning, in addition dead.
At present the fire-extinguishing agent for forest kind is many, but all is the fire extinguishings that are used for after fire takes place, and just reduces the loss of fire this moment as far as possible, does not still have report and really chemicals is applied to both at home and abroad in the prevention forest fire generation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is problem at above-mentioned existing forest fire protection agent existence, a kind of fireproof agent that is used to prevent forest fire that fire development takes place or delays and spreads and preparation method thereof is provided, this fireproof agent environment-protecting asepsis, cost be low, easily use with environmental friendliness and contain some fertilizer efficiency compositions, it is after spraying, not only can not jeopardize the plant growth in the coming year, can promote the growth of plant on the contrary, not destroy ecological environment.
For realizing the object of the invention, the invention provides a kind of fireproof agent on the one hand, comprise following raw materials in weight portion: phosphoric acid: 15-30; Urea: 12-28; Catalyst: 0.08-0.2, wherein catalyst comprises following raw materials in weight portion: stannic chloride 0.8-1.2; Copper sulphate 1.5-2.5; Sodium chloride 0.8-1.2; Iron chloride 0.8-1.2; Aluminum sulfate 0.8-1.2; Boric acid 0.8-1.2; Zinc chloride 1.5-2.5.Concentration of phosphoric acid selects 85%.
Particularly also comprise following raw materials in weight portion: demineralized water 23-41; Bleeding agent 1-2.3; Colouring agent 0.12-0.23.
On the other hand, the invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned fireproof agent, comprise step: make phosphoric acid and urea under the effect of catalyst, carry out polymerisation.
Particularly, fireproof agent method of the present invention comprises following step of carrying out in turn:
1) gets phosphoric acid and add in the reactor, stir heating simultaneously, make temperature rise to 40-60 ℃;
2) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 3) making temperature rise to 110-120 ℃, in reactor, add catalyst, continue heating;
When 4) making temperature reach 130-140 ℃, continue to stir, observing response phenomenon heating the time, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to 2-2.5 times of original volume, continues to be stirred to reaction and finishes;
5) be cooled to 60-80 ℃, in reactor, add demineralized water 23-41 weight portion, stir.
Particularly, fireproof agent method of the present invention comprises following step of carrying out in turn:
1) gets phosphoric acid and add in the reactor, stir heating simultaneously, make temperature rise to 40-60 ℃;
2) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 3) making temperature rise to 110-120 ℃, in reactor, add catalyst, continue heating;
When 4) making temperature reach 130-140 ℃, continue to stir, observing response phenomenon heating the time, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to 2-2.5 times of original volume, continues to be stirred to reaction and finishes, and pours out product then;
5) with the products therefrom crushed after being dried.
In addition, the inventive method also comprises: thin up in described product, and then add the bleeding agent of 1-2.3 weight portion and the colouring agent of 0.12-0.23 weight portion.
The concentration that wherein is used for the steppe vegetation fireproof agent in the product behind the thin up is preferably 20-25%; The concentration that is used for the forest cover fireproof agent is preferably 25-40%.
Wherein the bleeding agent that adds is selected washing powder, timber bleeding agent; Colouring agent is selected acid bright red 3r.
Particularly the timber bleeding agent is selected the MS-03M timber bleeding agent of Shenzhen open fire biochemical industry Co., Ltd development; The IN-WOOD bleeding agent that U.S.'s associating paint company is produced; The timber bleeding agent that Shancheng District rich upright Fine Chemical Works in Foshan City's is produced.
Wherein, the speed of stirring is controlled at 50-70 rev/min.
The advantage applies of fireproof agent of the present invention is in the following areas:
1, environment-protecting asepsis: the primary raw material of making forest grassland fire-proof agent of the present invention is urea and industrial phosphoric acid, is the avirulence industrial chemicals, and releaser and reaction product are all nontoxic in the production process.
2, flameproof effect is good: as long as this fireproof agent is sprayed onto the position that needs processing with general spraying apparatus with it, just can reach good fire prevention and fire extinguishing effect.
3, tack, good penetrability: this agent can be good at attached on the trees branches and leaves, and porous goes in the withered grass dead leaf, so flameproof effect is lasting.
4, make simple and fast, low cost of manufacture, easy to use: the production technology of this fireproof agent is easy, reaction condition is relatively gentle, technical process is controlled easily, as long as have a urea glue reactor and relevant heating and cooling system just can produce, removes the investment that increases complete permanent plant from; This product as long as add water to after the suitable concentration, just can use after workshop comes out, and does not need special mixing plant to carry out secondary operations, and therefore compared with similar products, the manufacturing price of product is very low.
5, forest grassland fire-proof agent good frost resistance of the present invention, storage temperature are-13 ℃-55 ℃; Have good stability, be not subjected to the influence of high low temperature, be applicable to the territorial environment of different temperature conditions; Storage life is long, and pulvis can be stored 5 years, and liquor can store more than 2 years.
6, forest grassland fire-proof agent pulvis of the present invention is water-soluble very good, under normal temperature condition, it is dissolved available concentration up to 40% solution.
7, forest grassland fire-proof agent of the present invention can be sprayed on vegetation such as trees, the grass in advance, therefore can fundamentally prevent the generation of fire, thereby protect forest, the range resource of our preciousness.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done detailed description.
Embodiment 1
1) carrying out raw material by following weight proportion gets the raw materials ready:
Demineralized water 30kg
Phosphoric acid (concentration is 85%) 20kg
Urea (content 99%) 15kg
Catalyst 0.1kg
Wherein, catalyst is the pistac pulvis that prepare voluntarily Beijing Forestry University's material science and technical college environmental protection flame retardant technique center, by stannic chloride 1 weight portion, copper sulphate 2 weight portions, sodium chloride 1 weight portion, iron chloride 1 weight portion, aluminum sulfate 1 weight portion, boric acid 1 weight portion, zinc chloride 2 weight portions are ground evenly and mix.
In addition, can adopt washing powder, select acid bright red 3r as colouring agent as bleeding agent.In fireproof agent, add acid bright red 3r and be in order when using, can to indicate the position that fireproof agent sprays, thereby can determine the position of isolation strip.And for bleeding agent, washing powder is a kind of being easy to get and more cheap bleeding agent, all can be used as bleeding agent among the present invention as the timber bleeding agent usually in addition, such as, the MS-03M timber bleeding agent of Shenzhen open fire biochemical industry Co., Ltd development; The IN-WOOD bleeding agent that U.S.'s associating paint company is produced; The timber bleeding agent that Shancheng District rich upright Fine Chemical Works in Foshan City's is produced.
2) in the reactor of being furnished with agitator, thermometer and condenser pipe, add the phosphoric acid in the reaction raw materials, stir heating simultaneously, mixing speed is controlled to be 50 rev/mins, makes temperature rise to 60 ℃;
3) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 4) making temperature rise to 120 ℃, in reactor, slowly evenly add catalyst, mixture is reacted;
5) continue to heat when making temperature reach 135 ℃, the control mixing speed is at 60 rev/mins, observing response phenomenon in the time of heating, along with temperature raises, light green color liquid becomes the milky dope gradually, foam sharply increases, and rate of rise in temperature is obviously accelerated, and the volume of material expands rapidly, condenser pipe has a large amount of gases to discharge, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to the twice of original volume, continue to stir, and the heat release that material relies on self in the flask is at vigorous reaction, temperature continues to rise, question response tends to be steady, and when temperature begins to descend, shows that reaction finishes;
6) be cooled to 70 ℃, the adding temperature is 50 ℃ a demineralized water in reactor, stirs;
7) products therefrom is poured in the reservoir vessel.
The technical target of the product of products therefrom:
Outward appearance: light green color transparency liquid
Solids content (%): 49%
PH value 6.6
Viscosity (being coated with-4 glasss) (25 ℃, S) 11.12
Proportion (g/cm
3) 1.28
Time limit (year) is arranged: 2
Product of the present invention face with before, can add water 95kg and be diluted to concentration and be about 20%, add the 1.5kg acid scarlet again, 0.16kg washing powder stirs, with sprayer it is sprayed directly on the vegetation to get final product.
Embodiment 2
1) carrying out raw material by following weight proportion gets the raw materials ready:
Demineralized water 23kg
Phosphoric acid (concentration is 85%) 15kg
Urea (content 99%) 12kg
Catalyst: 0.08kg
Catalyst is identical with catalyst among the embodiment 1.
2) phosphoric acid of getting in the raw material adds in the reactor, stirs heating simultaneously, and 50 rev/mins of control mixing speeds make temperature rise to 50 ℃;
3) in reactor, add whole urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 4) making temperature rise to 110 ℃, in reactor, slowly evenly add catalyst, mixture is reacted;
5) continuing heating makes temperature reach 130 ℃, the control mixing speed is at 60 rev/mins, observing response phenomenon in the time of heating, along with temperature raises, light green color liquid becomes the milky dope gradually, foam sharply increases, and rate of rise in temperature is obviously accelerated, and the volume of material expands rapidly, condenser pipe has a large amount of gases to discharge, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to the twice of original volume, continue to stir, and the heat release that material relies on self in the flask is at vigorous reaction, temperature continues to rise, question response tends to be steady, and when temperature begins to descend, shows that reaction finishes;
6) be cooled to 70 ℃, the adding temperature is 50 ℃ a demineralized water in reactor, stirs;
7) products therefrom is poured in the reservoir vessel.
The technical target of the product of products therefrom:
Outward appearance: transparency liquid
Solids content (%): 49%
PH value 6.5
Viscosity (being coated with-4 glasss) (25 ℃, S) 11.05
Proportion (g/cm
3) 1.16
Time limit (year) is arranged: 2
Product of the present invention face with before, add water 73kg and be diluted to concentration and be about 20%, add the 0.12kg acid scarlet again, 1.0kg washing powder stirs, with sprayer it is sprayed directly on the vegetation to get final product.
Embodiment 3
1) carrying out raw material by following weight proportion gets the raw materials ready:
Demineralized water 41kg
Phosphoric acid (concentration is 85%) 30kg
Urea (content 99%) 20kg
Catalyst: 0.16kg
Wherein, catalyst is the pistac pulvis that prepare voluntarily Beijing Forestry University's material science and technical college environmental protection flame retardant technique center, raw material comprises stannic chloride 0.8 weight portion, copper sulphate 2.5 weight portions, sodium chloride 1.2 weight portions, iron chloride 0.8 weight portion, aluminum sulfate 0.8 weight portion, boric acid 0.8 weight portion, zinc chloride 1.5 weight portions, and it is ground evenly back mixing.
2) phosphoric acid of getting in the raw material adds in the reactor, stirs heating simultaneously, and 70 rev/mins of control mixing speeds make temperature rise to 60 ℃;
3) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 4) making temperature rise to 120 ℃, in reactor, slowly evenly add catalyst, mixture is reacted;
5) continuing heating makes temperature reach 130 ℃, the control mixing speed is at 60 rev/mins, observing response phenomenon when continuing heating, along with temperature raises, light green color liquid becomes the milky dope gradually, foam sharply increases, and rate of rise in temperature is obviously accelerated, and the volume of material expands rapidly, condenser pipe has a large amount of gases to discharge, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to the twice of original volume, continue to stir, and the heat release that material relies on self in the flask is at vigorous reaction, temperature continues to rise, question response tends to be steady, and when temperature begins to descend, shows that reaction finishes;
6) be cooled to 70 ℃, the adding temperature is 50 ℃ a demineralized water in reactor, stirs.
7) products therefrom is poured in the reservoir vessel.
The technical target of the product of products therefrom:
Outward appearance: transparency liquid
Solids content (%): 50%
PH value 6.8
Viscosity (being coated with-4 glasss) (25 ℃, S) 10.95
Proportion (g/cm
3) 1.23
Time limit (year) is arranged: 2
Product of the present invention face with before, can add water 136kg and be diluted to concentration and be about 20%, add the 0.23kg acid scarlet again, 2.3kg washing powder stirs, with sprayer it is sprayed directly on the vegetation to get final product.
Embodiment 4
1) carrying out raw material by following weight proportion gets the raw materials ready:
Phosphoric acid (concentration is 85%) 28kg
Urea (content 99%) 28kg
Catalyst: 0.2kg
Catalyst is identical with catalyst among the embodiment 3.
2) phosphoric acid of getting in the raw material adds in the reactor, stirs heating simultaneously, and 70 rev/mins of control mixing speeds make temperature rise to 60 ℃;
3) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 4) making temperature rise to 120 ℃, in reactor, slowly evenly add catalyst, mixture is reacted;
5) continuing heating makes temperature reach 130 ℃, the control mixing speed is at 70 rev/mins, observing response phenomenon in the time of heating, along with temperature raises, light green color liquid becomes the milky dope gradually, foam sharply increases, and rate of rise in temperature is obviously accelerated, and the volume of material expands rapidly, condenser pipe has a large amount of gases to discharge, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to the twice of original volume, continue to stir, and the heat release that material relies on self in the flask is at vigorous reaction, temperature continues to rise, question response tends to be steady, and when temperature begins to descend, shows that reaction finishes;
6) immediately the milky dope in the reactor being poured out, products therefrom is placed in the ventilating kitchen, was cooling curing after 30-60 minute, pulverized the fire retardant that can obtain powdery with pulverizer then.
7) products therefrom being put into plastic bag sealing stores for future use.
The technical target of the product of products therefrom:
Outward appearance: white powder
Proportion (g/cm
3) 2.28
Time limit (year) is arranged: 5
Product of the present invention face with before, add water 151kg and be diluted to concentration and be about 25%, add the 0.21kg acid scarlet again, 2.1kg washing powder stirs, with sprayer it is sprayed directly on the vegetation to get final product.
Embodiment 5
1) carrying out raw material by following weight proportion gets the raw materials ready:
Phosphoric acid (concentration is 85%) 25kg
Urea (content 99%) 22kg
Catalyst: 0.12kg
Wherein, catalyst is the pistac pulvis that prepare voluntarily Beijing Forestry University's material science and technical college environmental protection flame retardant technique center, raw material comprises stannic chloride 1.2 weight portions, copper sulphate 1.5 weight portions, sodium chloride 0.8 weight portion, iron chloride 1.2 weight portions, aluminum sulfate 1.2 weight portions, boric acid 1.2 weight portions, zinc chloride 2.5 weight portions, and it is ground evenly back mixing.
2) phosphoric acid of getting in the raw material adds in the reactor, stirs heating simultaneously, and 60 rev/mins of control mixing speeds make temperature rise to 60 ℃;
3) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 4) making temperature rise to 110 ℃, in reactor, slowly evenly add catalyst, mixture is reacted;
5) continuing heating makes temperature reach 135 ℃, the control mixing speed is at 70 rev/mins, observing response phenomenon when continuing heating, along with temperature raises, light green color liquid becomes the milky dope gradually, foam sharply increases, and rate of rise in temperature is obviously accelerated, and the volume of material expands rapidly, condenser pipe has a large amount of gases to discharge, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to the twice of original volume, continue to stir, and the heat release that material relies on self in the flask is at vigorous reaction, temperature continues to rise, question response tends to be steady, and when temperature begins to descend, shows that reaction finishes;
6) immediately the milky dope in the reactor being poured out, products therefrom is placed in the ventilating kitchen, was cooling curing after 30-60 minute, pulverized the fire retardant that can obtain powdery with pulverizer then.
7) products therefrom being put into plastic bag sealing stores for future use.
The technical target of the product of products therefrom:
Outward appearance: white powder
Proportion (g/cm
3) 2.25
Time limit (year) is arranged: 5
Product of the present invention face with before, add water 126kg and be diluted to concentration and be about 25%, add the 0.17kg acid scarlet again, 1.5kg washing powder stirs, with sprayer it is sprayed directly on the vegetation to get final product.
Experimental example 1
Experimental period: on April 27th, 2005
The experiment place: the waste beach in the sub-forest farm of loess ridge, Pingquan County, Chengde City, Hebei Province, this moment grass or withered grass, it is intensive to grow, nearly half meter high, the same day, wind speed had about level Four.
Test instrument: sprayer, igniter
Experimental design:
1, isolation strip experiment: with 1 meter wide fire-blocking belt of fireproof agent ejection, cross one 15 * 20 meters rectangle sample plot,
2, sample prescription experiment: the centre of dividing in the sample plot northern half of experimental design 1 sprays 2 * 2 meters sample prescriptions with fireproof agent;
3, burn the word experiment: spray " fire " word of one about 3 * 3 meters with fireproof agent at the sample plot mid portion of experimental design 1;
4, live standing tree experiment: half part has been transplanted the about 2 meters high Chinese pines of 10 strains in the south of experimental design 1.
Experimental technique: the fireproof agent with embodiment 1,2,3 is sprayed on the sample prescription of experimental design 1-3 respectively, and the fireproof agent of embodiment 1,2,3 sprayed respectively on six strain Chinese pines of experimental design 4, each embodiment sprays 2 strain Chinese pines, and all the other 4 strain Chinese pines are not sprayed fireproof agent in contrast.Fireproof agent concentration used among the experimental design 1-3 is 20%, and the sprinkling amount is 0.3 Kilograms Per Square Meter; Fireproof agent concentration used in the experimental design 4 is 40%, and the sprinkling amount is 0.5 kilogram of every strain.
Treat after sample prescription is finished that fireproof agent parches fully, light sample prescription withered grass on every side in the windward side with igniter by the experimenter.
Experimental result:
1, not burning of the withered grass outside 1 meter wide isolation strip;
2,2 * 2 meters not burnings of withered grass that sample prescription is interior are excellent;
3, the interior not burning of writing with the fireproof agent spray of withered grass of " fire " word, " fire " word remains, and withered grass is on every side then burnt totally;
4, the surging formation tree crown of 4 strain Chinese pine flames that does not spray fireproof agent is fought and is scorched to death, and the 6 strain Chinese pines of having sprayed fireproof agent of the present invention do not have on fire, safe and sound.
Experimental example 2 (long-lasting test)
Because this fireproof agent is a water-soluble flame retardant, sleet etc. all can exert an influence to the fireproof agent that sprays.For this reason, the long-lasting test of in the sub-forest farm of loess ridge, Pingquan County, Hebei province fireproof agent of the present invention being used in the open air year May in November, 2005 to 2006.
Method of testing:
The fireproof agent of test adopts the product of embodiment 1-3, concentration elects 20% as, collect common withered weeds at first in the open air, evenly spray with fireproof agent, the sprinkling amount is 0.3 Kilograms Per Square Meter, then withered grass is placed in the outdoor large natural environment, and the test of lighting a fire of routine observation, sampling, understand effect.Before year May in November, 2005-2006, the forest farm is following 2 moderate snows, 2 light rain altogether.
Result of the test:
After 2 moderate snows, the test withered grass still has flame retardant effect, and respond well, illustrates that the influence of snowing to the fireproof agent loss is little; After descending rainfall, the igniting test result shows, but the flame retardant effect of withered grass still exists and decreases, but can play the fire prevention purpose fully; Behind second rain, but can light not can rapid spread on the top layer of test withered grass, extinguishes very soon after naked light is withdrawn, and show that the composition of fireproof agent still exists, but the hangfire effect is poor slightly.
The test shows of nearly half a year: fireproof agent has certain resistance leachability, so long as not raining heavily, sprays a fireproof agent so and just can play prevention effect to the fire in prevent fires half a year phase.
The fire prevention phase of the northern area of China be mostly from the beginning of the 10 months first year to the six months by the end of May in 1 year, particularly during March to May, if can in the multiple area of fire or keypoint part carries out preliminary treatment in advance with fireproof agent, reduce no small pressure so just can for the sylvosteppe fireproofing, accomplish to prevent trouble before it happens.Experimental example 3 (fireproof garment test)
Find at the forest farm duration of test: the protective garment of forest farm fire extinguishing team member special use is after cleaning, the flame retardant effect of protective garment has not just had, and is often burnt in the process of fire extinguishing and breaks, even burn people's phenomenon occurs, after inspire fireproof agent of the present invention is applied on the protective garment, and has carried out preliminary test.
Protective garment application test: at first, fireproof agent is carried out demonstration test, embodiment 1-5 fireproof agent with concentration 20% is handled five a whole set of cotton dresses respectively, clothes is immersed in the fireproof agent 30 minutes, take out the nature airing, light with naked light then, and do contrast test: the cotton clothes of not handling a bit with and to produce smog more, after leaving, naked light still burns away until burning-out, and the cotton of handling clothes are when lighting with naked light, the position that naked light burns carbonization gradually, itself is lighted, just extinguish after naked light leaves and smoke-suppressing better.
Compare with the protective garment of a cover hundreds of unit, this method has incomparable advantage, only need buy low-cost cotton dress, handles getting final product with fireproof agent, can also reuse with the fireproof agent of crossing.This method is simple, cost is low, respond well, environment-protecting asepsis, and the clothes of handling can reach instructions for use fully, can protect fire fighter's safety and health fully.
Experimental example 4 (test of oil palm mat)
The oil palm mat is the ecological pad that Yanqing County, Beijing forestry bureau is used for defending and controlling sand, because very easily burning, the incident of repeatedly catching fire, loss is serious, Yanqing County forestry bureau with this fireproof agent after, successful solution an ecological pad difficult problem of catching fire, saved manpower and materials, and reached good effect.
Experimental period: on October 8th, 2005
Experiment place: Yanqing, Beijing forestry bureau
Test instrument: gasoline spraying machine, sprayer, wind fire-extinguisher, igniter
Experimental technique: the 1m that will very easily burn
2The oil palm mat of/piece is respectively handled 2 with the embodiment of the invention 4,5 fireproof agents of 25% concentration respectively, and the sprinkling amount is 1kg, etc. after the water evaporates and the mat that the did not spray contrast of burning.For making test effect obvious, at the gasoline of falling the part of every oil palm mat and ignite, after again with the wind energy conversion system blowing with combustion-supporting.
Experimental result:
Through mat that fireproof agent was handled behind the gasoline burning-out with regard to burn-out, and burning is only limited to the end carbonization, and the mat of not handling all burnings soon turn to dust and ashes.
Experimental example 5
Experimental period: 15-16 day in March, 2006
Near experiment place: the wild duck loke shore the Guanting reservoir of Yanqing, Beijing
Experiment condition: very nearly 4 grades of wind-force, weather is also very dry
Vegetation state: the withered grass grass is denseer, and the height of withered grass is about 1 meter
Experimental design: spray one 10 * 20 meters with embodiment 4 fireproof agents on the ground withered grass earlier, line slightly is 2 meters a rectangle sample prescription, has sprayed " fire prevention " two words at sample prescription with embodiment 5 fireproof agents then.Used fireproof agent concentration is 25%, and the amount of spraying is 0.3 Kilograms Per Square Meter.
March 16, the experimenter has lighted the middle withered grass of sample prescription in the windward side with igniter, and the intensity of a fire is very big.
Experimental result: though intensity of a fire ferociousness does not break through the isolation strip, fiery better controlled and has kept with " fire prevention " two words of fireproof agent spray are intact in the sample prescription zone, and unregistered land The Scarlet Letter clearly.
Cost analysis
Draw according to repeatedly testing, on grassland fireproofing is used, can adopt the fireproof agent of low concentration, can play flameproof effect like this, can reduce cost again, generally be advisable with concentration 20%～25%.Under nature, in the application of offering the grassland fireproofing isolation strip, wind-force is during less than 4 grades, and 1～2 meter fire-blocking belt can be played the effect of isolation basically.With fire prevention agent concentration 20% is example, sprinkling amount 0.3kg/m
2, powdery fireproof agent cost is 4800 yuan/ton, the cost of the fireproof agent that isolation strip, then every square meter grassland is required only is 0.288 (4800/1000 * 20% * 0.3=0.288) unit.
On the forest cover flame retardant application, the concentration of fireproof agent can not be lower than 25%, is preferably in more than 30% sprinkling amount 0.5kg/m
3, the width of isolation strip is determined on a case-by-case basis, generally should be at more than 2 times of the height of tree.With fire prevention agent concentration 30% is example, sprinkling amount 0.5kg/m
3, powdery fireproof agent cost is 4800 yuan/ton, the cost of then every square meter forest cover fire-blocking belt only is 4800/1000 * 30% * 0.5=0.72 unit.
Claims (9)
1. a fireproof agent is characterized in that comprising following raw materials in weight portion: phosphoric acid: 15-30; Urea: 12-28; Catalyst: 0.08-0.2, wherein
Catalyst comprises following raw materials in weight portion: stannic chloride 0.8-1.2; Copper sulphate 1.5-2.5; Sodium chloride 0.8-1.2; Iron chloride 0.8-1.2; Aluminum sulfate 0.8-1.2; Boric acid 0.8-1.2; Zinc chloride 1.5-2.5.
2. fireproof agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the raw material of following weight portion: demineralized water 23-41; Bleeding agent 1-2.3; Colouring agent 0.12-0.23.
3. the preparation method of a fireproof agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that making phosphoric acid and urea to carry out polymerisation under the effect of catalyst.
4. the preparation method of a fireproof agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprising following step of carrying out in turn:
1) gets phosphoric acid and add in the reactor, stir heating simultaneously, make temperature rise to 40-60 ℃;
2) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 3) making temperature rise to 110-120 ℃, in reactor, add catalyst, continue heating;
When 4) making temperature reach 130-140 ℃, continue to stir, observing response phenomenon heating the time, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to 2-2.5 times of original volume, continues to be stirred to reaction and finishes;
5) be cooled to 60-80 ℃, in reactor, add demineralized water 23-41 weight portion, stir.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that also comprising step: thin up is 20-30% to concentration in described product, adds the bleeding agent of 1-2.3 weight portion and the colouring agent of 0.12-0.23 weight portion again.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that the speed of described stirring is controlled at 50-70 rev/min.
7. the preparation method of fireproof agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprising following step of carrying out in turn:
1) gets phosphoric acid and add in the reactor, stir heating simultaneously, make temperature rise to 40-60 ℃;
2) in reactor, add urea, simultaneously the mixture of phosphoric acid and urea is proceeded to stir, make material distribute, be heated evenly;
When 3) making temperature rise to 110-120 ℃, in reactor, add catalyst, continue heating;
When 4) making temperature reach 130-140 ℃, continue to stir, observing response phenomenon heating the time, the volume of question response still internal reaction thing stops heating when increasing to 2-2.5 times of original volume, continues to be stirred to reaction and finishes, and pours out product then;
5) with the products therefrom crushed after being dried.
8. the preparation method of fireproof agent as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that also comprising the product dilute with water with pulverizing, and adds the bleeding agent of 1-2.3 weight portion and the colouring agent of 0.12-0.23 weight portion then and stirs.
9. as claim 7 or 8 described methods, it is characterized in that the speed of described stirring is controlled at 50-70 rev/min.
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| CN102949800B (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2015-10-21 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | A kind of copper salt kind fire-extinguishing composite |
| CN102975251B (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2015-06-03 | 北京林业大学 | Flame retardant for wood as well as preparation method and applications of flame retardant for wood |
| RU2570465C1 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-12-10 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ "ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ОРДЕНА "ЗНАК ПОЧЕТА" НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ПРОТИВОПОЖАРНОЙ ОБОРОНЫ МИНИСТЕРСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПО ДЕЛАМ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ОБОРОНЫ, ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫМ СИТУАЦИЯМ И ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ СТИХИЙНЫХ БЕДСТВИЙ" (ФГБУ ВНИИПО МЧС России) | Fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing combustible silicone fluids and neutralisation in extinguishing toxic vapours |
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| US4663239A (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1987-05-05 | Pearson Glenn A | Fire retardant composition |
| CN1249325A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-04-05 | 于宝立 | Flame-retarding agent |
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