CN101123380B - Steamship generator with rotor free cooling and stator evaporation cooling - Google Patents
Steamship generator with rotor free cooling and stator evaporation cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN101123380B CN101123380B CN2007100996120A CN200710099612A CN101123380B CN 101123380 B CN101123380 B CN 101123380B CN 2007100996120 A CN2007100996120 A CN 2007100996120A CN 200710099612 A CN200710099612 A CN 200710099612A CN 101123380 B CN101123380 B CN 101123380B
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Abstract
The utility model provides a steam turbo-generator having an air-cooled rotor and a vapor-cooled stator, which is characterized in that axial ventilation air cooling method is adopted to cool the rotor (20). All of air coolant enters a protective ring (60) arranged on one end of the rotor after being pressurized through fans (50) arranged on both ends of the rotor. The air coolant in the protective ring (60) flows in two ways. The air coolant in the first way cools winding coils on both ends, and enters a gap through radial ventilation holes (601) arranged on the protective ring (60). The air coolant in the second way directly enters a tube conductor (701) of the rotor, and flows axially. The axial-flow cooling blast passes through the middle of the rotor (20), then enters the gap through a radial wind path (80), and flows to one end and gathers with the air coolant which enters the gap through the protective ring (60), and then enters a cooler (110) through a duct (120) on the end. The cold air cooled through the cooler (110) enters the end of the steam turbo-generator through the duct (120). Efficiency of the invention is high; the structure is simple; utility model needs few auxiliary equipments, is conveineint to mount, runs safey and reliably, and can be free from maintenance generally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of turbo generator, particularly stator adopts evaporation cooling technique to cool off, the turbo generator that rotor adopts air to cool off.
Background technology
The stator of turbo generator adopts evaporation cooling technique to cool off dual mode: the evaporative cooling system that full immersed type evaporative cooling system and stator core infiltration type combine with forced circulation cooling in the winding.The stator of evaporative cooling turbo generator is the liquid medium that injects high insulation low boiling good physical and chemical in bore of stator, flows to condenser behind the cooling liquid heat absorption ebullition, gasification, flows back to the stator cavity after condenser condenses becomes liquid.Evaporative cooling has solved the cooling problem of generator unit stator well, and not only stator temperature is low, and the Temperature Distribution of whole stator is very even, has avoided generator unit stator to concentrate the caused a series of problems of thermal deformation that cause because of non-uniform temperature produces thermal stress.And evaporative cooling system is safe and reliable to operation, realizes non-maintaining substantially.Adopt the rotor combination of stator of steam turbine generator and the employing evaporative cooling or the water-cooling pattern of vapor cooling system, the turbo generator set of manufacturing is come out.
Yet adopt evaporative cooling rotor and water-cooled rotor technology can make the production process of rotor very complicated, the sealing of rotor coolant is difficulty relatively.Need increase by a cover water treatment system for water-cooled rotor in addition, this has also increased difficulty for the operation of unit, and especially the economy to Pump for Medium and Small Power Generating Set has bigger influence.
Air cooled rotor structure has multiple, and utilization extensively in the turbo generator set of full air cooling and stator winding water-cooled air cooling unshakable in one's determination.Existing these air cooling structures, because cooling air should cool off stator by cooled rotor again, the therefore main mode that adopts the diameter of axle to natural and mechanical combined ventilation, i.e. cooling air elder generation cooled rotor, and then flow to and cool off stator in the stator.The stream complexity of cooling air in these draft types, draft loss big (approximately will account for mechanical total losses 50%), efficient are low.The ventilation diagram of a full air-cooled steam turbine generator as shown in fig. 1, the cooling air that enters motor through end fan divides three the tunnel: the first via directly enters stator through air gap; The second the tunnel enters air gap through rotor, enters stator again; The Third Road cooling is directly got back to the air channel behind the end.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing evaporative cooling rotor and water-cooled rotor manufacturing technology complexity, the defective that seal request is high proposes a kind of rotor air cooling, the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of stator.The aeration structure of rotor air cooling is different from traditional gas-cooled rotor fully according to stator evaporation cooling construction matching design.
The stator of turbo generator of the present invention adopts vapor cooling system, and rotor adopts air cooling.The cooling system of stator and rotor is relatively independent, the unit efficiency height, and simple in structure, auxiliary equipment is few, and is easy for installation, safe and reliable to operation, can realize non-maintaining substantially.Because cooling air of the present invention only cools off rotor, cooling air is only in axial flow, and draft loss can reduce greatly.
The evaporative cooling system that the stator of turbo generator of the present invention adopts full immersed type evaporative cooling system or stator core infiltration type to combine with forced circulation cooling in the winding.The stator of turbo generator adopts evaporative cooling, promptly injects the liquid medium of high insulation low boiling good physical and chemical in bore of stator, flows to condenser behind the cooling liquid heat absorption ebullition, gasification, flows back to the stator cavity after condenser condenses becomes liquid.Stator inner wall adopts distance sleeve and rotor to separate, and is air gap between distance sleeve inner surface and rotor outer surface.
The rotor of turbo generator of the present invention adopts the cooling air mode of axial ventilation.Cooling air all enters the rotor tip retaining ring by two ends of rotor after fan forced.The cooling air that enters retaining ring divides two-way to flow, after the radial ventilation hole that is located on the retaining ring enters air gap, the second road cooling air directly enters the rotor hollow conductor to first via cooling air at cooling end winding, and flows vertically.Vertically the cooling air of Liu Donging flow through rotor middle part after transition radially wind path enter air gap, and flow to the end and the other end is converged by the cooling air that retaining ring enters air gap, the air channel through the end enters into cooler then.Enter the end of turbo generator by the cooled cold air of cooler by the air channel, under the fan effect, enter rotor end bell then.
All enter in the retaining ring through the cooling air after fan forced among the present invention through the internal diameter and the gap between rotating shaft of retaining ring support ring, therefore be provided with an air guide ring between the outlet of fan and retaining ring support ring, the cold air that this air guide ring can flow out fan and the hot-air of air gap outflow be kept apart.
Cooling air enters the rotor hollow conductor by the end among the present invention, flow to vertically rotor middle part back cooling air through transition radially wind path enter air gap, in order to reduce the radially flow resistance of wind path of this transition, this transition radially wind path is streamlined transition structure.Cooling air in the hollow conductor is carried out the transition to the axial rotational flow of a long radius vertically by the axial rotational flow of a minor radius, the direction of Liu Donging is constant vertically.At rotor axial middle part, to radially, the while lead also carries out the transition to solid conductor by hollow conductor to wind path by axial transitions.Because wind path intersects, the wind path cross section deficiency in the groove in order to guarantee enough cross section of fluid channel, mills out a raceway groove with rotor tooth, to increase axial area of passage at changeover portion.
Among the present invention transition radially the outlet of wind path according to the rotor direction of rotation different designs is arranged.The wind path that is positioned at rotor winding front side along direction of rotation is located at outlet on the slot wedge, and the wind path that is positioned at rotor winding rear side is located at outlet on the rotor tooth.The wind moussing loss that the radially outlet of wind path is produced in air gap reduces greatly.
Radially the outlet slot wedge or the rotor tooth of wind path of transition among the present invention, in order to reduce axial flow resistance, will be designed in the outlet on slot wedge or the rotor tooth along the diameter of axle to streamlined structure.
Needs according to the cooling of rotor winding overhang on the rotor end bell among the present invention are provided with the radial ventilation hole, and cooling air cools off the end winding after entering retaining ring, enters air gap through the radial ventilation hole of retaining ring then.
Two ends of rotor air intake among the present invention for the pressure inequality that prevents the air gap two ends causes in the air gap axial flow of cooling air asymmetric, is provided with ring-like deep bead in air-gap shaft to the middle part, and this deep bead is fixed on the distance sleeve.
The wind path of the two ends of rotor air intake among the present invention is relatively independent, may occur the situation of two wind path pressure imbalances in running, and this will have influence on the Flow Field Distribution of rotor cooling air, thereby has influence on effective cooling of each several part.Occur for fear of this situation, the cooler of two wind paths is arranged in juxtaposition, and the isobaric air channel that is communicated with is being set in the middle part of the cooler of wind speed direction, so just two wind paths can be interconnected in the temperature consistent location, neither can be influential to the temperature of cooling air, also can solve the unbalanced problem of blast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of ventilation diagram of full air-cooled steam turbine generator.Among the figure: 01 stator of steam turbine generator, 02 rotor of steam turbo generator, 03 fan, 04 cooler;
Fig. 2 is a structural representation of the present invention.Among the figure: 10 transpiration-cooled stator of steam turbine generator, 20 air cooled rotor of steam turbo generator, 30 distance sleeves, 40 air guide rings, 50 fans, 60 retaining rings, 70 rotor windings, 80 transition are wind path, 90 ring-like deep beads, 100 armature spindles, 110 coolers, 120 air channels, 121 hot-flow flues, 122 cold air ducts radially;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rotor winding 70.Among the figure: 201 rotor tooths, 202 rotor slot wedges, 701 rotor winding hollow conductors;
Fig. 4 is rotor slot wedge 202 air-out schematic diagrames.Among the figure: 801 rotor radial air channels, 802 transition radial passages, 803 wind deflectors, 702 rotor winding solid conductors;
Fig. 5 is a rotor tooth air-out schematic diagram.Among the figure: 801 rotor radial air channels, 802 transition radial passages, 803 wind deflectors, 702 rotor winding solid conductors;
Fig. 6 is the runner exit structural representation of slot wedge and rotor tooth.
Fig. 7 is the rotor end bell structural representation.Among the figure: 601 retaining ring radial ventilation holes, 602 retaining ring support rings;
Fig. 8 is the cooler construction schematic diagram.Among the figure: 110 coolers, the 111 isobaric air channels that are communicated with;
Fig. 9 is the air guide ring structural representation.
Figure 10 is air channel, an end layout plan.Among the figure: 121 hot-flow flues, 122 cold air ducts.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention mainly comprises transpiration-cooled stator of steam turbine generator 10 and air cooled rotor of steam turbo generator 20.The stator 10 of turbo generator adopts the full immersed type evaporative cooling system, or the stator core infiltration type cools off the evaporative cooling system that combines with the interior forced circulation of winding.Stator 10 inwalls adopt distance sleeve 30 and rotor 20 to separate, and are air gap between the outer surface of the inner surface of distance sleeve 30 and rotor 20.The rotor 20 of turbo generator adopts the cooling air mode of axial ventilation.
The two ends of rotor are provided with fan 50, and the outlet side of fan 50 directly is connected with air guide ring 40.The opposite side of air guide ring 40 links to each other with the internal diameter of retaining ring support ring 602, and fan 50, air guide ring 40 are relative static with retaining ring support ring 602, and together rotates with rotor.One end of rotor end bell 60 is overlapped on the end of rotor tooth 201, and the other end is supported by retaining ring support ring 602.Transition radially wind path 80 is positioned at the middle part of rotor, the air outlet 801 of both sides along motor shaft to the median plane symmetry.The air channel 120 that is positioned at the turbo generator two ends comprises hot-flow flue 121 and cold air duct 122, and hot-flow flue 121 is positioned at motor side, and cold air duct 122 is positioned at the outside.One side of hot-flow flue 121 is fixed on the casing of stator 10 ends, and opposite side is fixed on the outer shroud of fan.One side of cold air duct 122 is fixed on the hot-flow flue 121, and opposite side is overlapped on the armature spindle 100.Hot-flow flue 121 is drawn the air channel respectively downwards with cold air duct 122 and is connected with the cooler 110 that is positioned at the turbo generator bottom in the both sides of armature spindle 100.Ring-like deep bead 90 is positioned at motor shaft to the middle part, is fixed on the distance sleeve 30.
All enter rotor tip retaining ring 60 after fan 50 superchargings of cooling air by two ends of rotor.The cooling air that enters retaining ring 60 divides two-way to flow: first via cooling air radially flows, and the retaining ring radial ventilation hole 601 through being located on the retaining ring 60 enters air gap then; The second road cooling air directly enters rotor hollow conductor 701, and flows vertically.Vertically the cooling air of Liu Donging flow through rotor 20 middle parts after transition radially wind path 80 enter air gap, and flow to the end and the other end is converged by the cooling air that retaining ring 60 enters air gap, the air channel 121 through the end enters into cooler 110 then.Enter the end of turbo generator by the cooled cold air of cooler by air channel 122, under fan 50 effects, enter rotor tip retaining ring 60 then.
The direction that flows of cooling air as shown in Figure 2, cooling air after fan 50 superchargings all enters in the retaining ring 60 through the gap of 100 of the internal diameter of retaining ring support ring 602 and armature spindles, the present invention is provided with an air guide ring 40 between the outlet of fan 50 and retaining ring support ring 602, this air guide ring 40 cold air that fan 50 can be flowed out be kept apart with the hot-air of air gap outflow simultaneously.One side of air guide ring 40 directly links to each other with the outlet side of fan 50, and this side internal diameter of air guide ring 40 equates with the blade external diameter of fan 50; Opposite side links to each other with retaining ring support ring 602, and the internal diameter of air guide ring 40 these sides equates with the internal diameter of retaining ring support ring 602.The structure of air guide ring as shown in Figure 9.
The rotor winding 70 that is positioned at groove is made by hollow conductor, in the rotor winding 70 embedding rotor of being made up of many hollow conductors 701 outsourcings insulation, and by rotor slot wedge 202 it is blocked, and its structure as shown in Figure 3.Cooling air flows through in hollow lead 701 vertically.
Cooling air enters rotor hollow conductor 701 by the end, flow to rotor 20 middle parts vertically after, cooling air through transition radially wind path 80 enter air gap.The cooling air that is entered hollow conductor 701 by rotor 20 two ends is mobile along flow direction separately, and stream is staggered at the middle part of rotor 20.In order to guarantee that two-way runner is independent of each other, at this changeover portion place the runner in the hollow conductor 701 is transferred to the lead outside gradually by lead inside, lead also carries out the transition to solid conductor 702 by hollow conductor 701, be about to the copper conductor that hollow conductor wraps up runner on four sides and be punctured into solid conductor, and with a side and the lead disengaging of runner along lead, the conductive cross-sectional area of winding is constant in the process of structural change.Constant substantially for the cross section of fluid channel that guarantees cooling air simultaneously, at changeover portion rotor tooth 201 is milled out an axial channels, this axial channels and hollow conductor 701 carry out the transition to solid conductor 702 and form transition radial passage 802 jointly in the space of both sides release, the outlet of transition radial passage 802 is radially wind path outlet 801 of transition, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.Cooling air in the hollow conductor 701 is carried out the transition to the axial rotational flow of a long radius vertically by the axial rotational flow of a minor radius, the direction of Liu Donging is constant vertically.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, transition radially wind path outlet 801 has different designs according to rotor 20 direction of rotation, and ω is the angular speed of rotor 20 rotations, and the arrow of below is represented the direction of rotation of rotor 20.The transition that will be positioned at rotor winding 70 front sides along direction of rotation radially wind path outlet 801 is located on the rotor slot wedge 202, as shown in Figure 4; The transition that is positioned at rear side radially wind path outlet 801 is located on the rotor tooth 201, as shown in Figure 5.Transition as shown in Figure 2 radially in the wind path 80 every transition radial passage 802 outlet in air gap distribute vertically, do not influence each other in order to make each air duct, therefore each air channel is adopted wind deflector 803 that it is separated, shown in Fig. 4,5.Rotor solid conductor 702 among the figure is positioned at the groove axial centre air channel of both sides is separated.
Transition on rotor slot wedge 202 and the rotor tooth 201 radially wind path outlet 801 is vertically a streamlined structure, and is connected with wind deflector 803, as shown in Figure 6.
Needs according to the cooling of rotor winding overhang on rotor end bell 60 have radial ventilation hole 601, as shown in Figure 7.
The wind path of rotor 20 two ends air intakes is relatively independent.Article two, two of air channel 120 coolers 110 are arranged in juxtaposition, and at the cooler middle part along wind speed direction the isobaric air channel 111 that is communicated with are set, as shown in Figure 8.Cooler 110 adopts water cooler, and the Inlet and outlet water of two coolers 110 is relatively independent, is independent of each other, and the opposite flow of the flow direction of two-way cooling water equates simultaneously.
One end of air guide ring 40 links to each other with fan 50, and the other end links to each other with retaining ring support ring 602, and the structure of air guide ring as shown in Figure 9.
Be provided with two air channels 120 in the end of rotor: cold air enters the air channel 122 of rotor and the air channel 121 that hot-air flows out rotor.Two air channels are center arrangement in the end with the axle, and hot-flow flue 121 is drawn the air channel respectively downwards with cold air duct 122 and is connected with the cooler 110 that is positioned at the turbo generator bottom in the both sides of axle 100, as shown in figure 10.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
All enter rotor tip retaining ring 60 after fan 50 superchargings of cooling air by two ends of rotor.The cooling air that enters retaining ring 60 divides two-way to flow, after the retaining ring radial ventilation hole 601 that is located on the retaining ring 60 enters air gap, the second tunnel directly enters rotor hollow conductor 701 to the first via at cooling end winding, and flows vertically.Vertically the cooling air of Liu Donging flow through rotor 20 middle parts after transition radially wind path 80 enter air gap, and flow to the end and the other end is converged by the air that retaining ring enters air gap, the air channel 120 through the end enters into cooler 110 then.Enter the end of turbo generator by air channel 120 by cooler 110 cooled cold airs.
Claims (8)
1. transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator, mainly comprise and adopt iron core and winding to soak into vapor cooling system or the stator (10) of the vapor cooling system that combines with forced circulation in the winding and the rotor (20) of air cooling of soaking into unshakable in one's determination entirely, it is characterized in that rotor (20) adopts the cooling air mode of axial ventilation; Stator (10) inwall adopts distance sleeve (30) and rotor (20) to separate, and is air gap between the outer surface of the inner surface of distance sleeve (30) and rotor (20); All enter rotor tip retaining ring (60) after fan (50) supercharging of cooling air by two ends of rotor, the cooling air that enters retaining ring (60) divides two-way to flow, first via cooling air at cooled rotor end winding after the retaining ring radial ventilation hole (601) that is located on the retaining ring (60) enters air gap, the second road cooling air directly enters rotor hollow conductor (701), and flows vertically; Vertically the cooling air of Liu Donging flow through rotor (20) middle part after transition radially wind path (80) enter air gap, and flowing to rotor tip and the other end is converged by the cooling air that retaining ring (60) enters air gap, the air channel (120) of passing through turbo-generator end then enters into cooler (110); Enter the end of turbo generator by the cooled cold air of cooler (110) by air channel (120), under fan (50) effect, enter rotor end bell (60) then; Cooler (110) is made up of first cooler and second cooler.
2. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that between the outlet of fan (50) and retaining ring support ring (602), air guide ring (40) being set, one side of air guide ring (40) directly links to each other with the outlet side of fan (50), and opposite side links to each other with retaining ring support ring (602); Air guide ring (40) the one side internal diameters that link to each other with the outlet side of fan (50) equate with the blade external diameter of fan (50); This side internal diameter of air guide ring (40) that links to each other with retaining ring support ring (602) equates with the internal diameter of retaining ring support ring (602).
3. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 1, it is opposite to it is characterized in that cooling air is entered the flow direction of cooling air of hollow conductor (701) by rotor (20) two ends, and stream is staggered at the middle part of rotor (20); Transition radially wind path (80) locate the runner in the hollow conductor (701) is transferred to the lead outside gradually by lead inside, lead changes solid conductor (702) into gradually by hollow conductor (701), the conductive cross-sectional area of winding is constant in the process of structural change; Transition radially wind path (80) locate rotor tooth (201) is milled out an axial channels, this axial channels and hollow conductor (701) change solid conductor (702) gradually into forms transition radial passage (802) jointly in the space of both sides release, separates with wind deflector (803) between each radial passage (802); Cooling air runner in the hollow conductor (701) carries out the transition to long radius by minor radius vertically, is communicated with air gap at last.
4. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 3, the outlet that it is characterized in that transition radial passage (802) is radially wind path outlet (801) of transition, according to rotor (20) direction of rotation different designs is arranged, the transition that will be positioned at rotor winding (70) front side along direction of rotation radially wind path outlet (801) is located on the slot wedge (202), and the transition that is positioned at rear side radially wind path outlet (801) is located on the rotor tooth (201).
5. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 4, it is characterized in that on slot wedge (202) or the rotor tooth (201) transition radially wind path outlet (801) be vertically streamlined structure, and be connected with wind deflector (803).
6. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 1 is characterized in that to the middle part ring-like deep bead (90) being set in air-gap shaft, and ring-like deep bead (90) is fixed on the distance sleeve (30).
7. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being provided with two air channels (120) in the end of turbo generator, two air channels (120) are center arrangement in the end with armature spindle (100), hot-flow flue (121) and cold air duct (122) are drawn downwards in the both sides of axle (100) respectively, hot-flow flue (121) is connected with the air intake of first cooler that is positioned at the turbo generator bottom, and cold air duct (122) is connected with the air outlet slit of second cooler that is positioned at the turbo generator bottom.
8. the transpiration-cooled turbo generator of rotor air cooling stator according to claim 7, it is characterized in that two coolers that are connected with described two air channels (120) are arranged in juxtaposition, and the isobaric air channel (111) that is communicated with is being set in the middle part of the cooler (110) of wind speed direction, the Inlet and outlet water of two coolers is relatively independent, and the opposite flow of the flow direction of cooling water equates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100996120A CN101123380B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Steamship generator with rotor free cooling and stator evaporation cooling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100996120A CN101123380B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Steamship generator with rotor free cooling and stator evaporation cooling |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101123380A CN101123380A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| CN101123380B true CN101123380B (en) | 2010-10-27 |
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| CN2007100996120A Active CN101123380B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2007-05-25 | Steamship generator with rotor free cooling and stator evaporation cooling |
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| CN102025222A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-04-20 | 肖富凯 | Motor air cooling structure and horizontal motor |
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| CN101364758B (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-12-29 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Horizontal pervaporatively cooling motor |
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|---|---|
| CN101123380A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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