CN101122556A - Atmosphere particles- carbon black aerosol quality and concentration monitor and monitoring method - Google Patents
Atmosphere particles- carbon black aerosol quality and concentration monitor and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric particle black carbon aerosol quality concentration monitoring instrument, including an air monitoring room. The upper end of the air monitoring room is connected with a suspended absorption electromagnetic iron. The top of the air monitoring room is provided with a LED light source array. The air monitoring room is communicated with an air inlet. The bottom part of the air monitoring room is a glass plate, which is equipped with a breathable window. A quartz filter paper belt is arranged under the air monitoring room. Two reference and measurement photoelectric detectors are arranged under the quartz filter paper belt. One detector is used for reference and another detector is used for test. With an optical attenuation method adopted, the invention has the advantages of good real-time performance, high precision and low cost, improved automation degree, time and labor-saving performance and all-weather automatic continuous operation. The continuous and real-time on-line monitoring of the atmospheric particle black carbon aerosol is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring, in particular to an instrument and a method for simply and conveniently monitoring the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matters-carbon black aerosol on line.
Background
Carbon black aerosol has very important influence on regional and even global climate and environmental change, the particle size of the carbon black aerosol is generally less than 2.5 microns, and the harm to human health is more serious than PM10, so the carbon black aerosol is gradually detected by meteorological departments and environmental protection organizations of various countries. At present, the international methods for detecting carbon-containing aerosol mainly comprise:
A. turbidity assay: this method uses a conventional "turbidity Coefficient" sampler (Coefficient Of Haze tape sampler, COH for short) to collect the aerosol at some point for a fixed period Of time and then measures the reflectance Of the light emitted from an incandescent light source. As the amount of carbon black in the sample increased, the reflectance decreased. This method has been gradually replaced by other methods due to its low data accuracy.
B. A thermal photo-decomposition method: the organic carbon/elemental carbon content of the aerosol sample is obtained by thermo-optic reflectance decomposition (TOR for short). Heating the filter membrane sheet in an oxygen-free pure He environment at different temperatures respectively to convert granular carbon on the filter paper into CO 2 (ii) a The sample was then gradually heated in a helium atmosphere containing 2% oxygen, at which time the elemental carbon in the sample was released. During the heating process of the sample, part of organic carbon can generate carbonization phenomena to form carbon black, so that the filter membrane is blackened, and the organic carbon and the element carbon peaks on the thermogram are not easily distinguished. Therefore, the laser monitors the reflected light intensity of the filter paper, and the change of the light intensity is used for clearly indicating the starting point of the oxidation of the element carbon. The thus obtained elemental carbon and carbon black are of better identity. But the operation of the method is complicated,the monitoring cost is high, and the continuous real-time monitoring of the carbon black aerosol is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: the optical attenuation method is adopted, the atmospheric particulate matter-carbon black aerosol quantity concentration monitor and the monitoring method are provided, the real-time performance and the automation of the atmospheric particulate matter concentration measurement are improved, and the work of measuring the atmospheric particulate matter concentration is simpler and more accurate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the atmospheric particulate matter-carbon black aerosol mass concentration monitor is characterized by comprising a gas monitoring chamber, wherein the upper end of the gas monitoring chamber is connected with a suspended adsorption electromagnet, the top of the gas monitoring chamber is provided with an LED light source array, the gas monitoring chamber is communicated with a gas inlet, the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is a glass bottom plate, and a ventilation window is arranged on the glass bottom plate; the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is arranged on the base; a glass partition plate arranged on the base is arranged below the glass bottom plate, a reference photoelectric detector is arranged below the glass partition plate, a ventilation window is matched with an air inlet of an air outlet chamber on the base, an air outlet is formed in the side surface of the air outlet chamber, glass is arranged at the bottom of the air outlet chamber, and a measurement photoelectric detector is arranged below the air outlet chamber; a quartz filter paper tape capable of covering the ventilation window is pressed between the gas monitoring chamber and the base; the gas outlet is communicated with the gas pump through the mass flow controller and the three-way electromagnetic valve, and one interface of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmosphere through the filter.
The method for monitoring the mass concentration of the atmospheric particulate-carbon black aerosol is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
(1) The gas monitoring chamber is arranged, the top of gas is provided with an LED light source array, the gas monitoring chamber is communicated with a gas inlet, the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is a glass bottom plate, and a gas-permeable window is arranged on the glass bottom plate; the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is provided with a quartz filter paper tape; the air vent window is matched with an air inlet on the air outlet chamber below the air vent window, and the quartz filter paper is pressed in the middle; air is pumped by an air pump, and the air flow is measured at the same time, so that the atmosphere to be measured enters from an air inlet of an air monitoring chamber and is pumped out from an air outlet of an air outlet chamber, and atmospheric particles can be deposited on quartz filter paper under the filtering action of the quartz filter paper; a reference photoelectric detector is used for transmitting optical signals of the glass bottom plate and the quartz filter paper, and a measurement photoelectric detector is used for receiving optical signals of the quartz filter paper below the ventilation window;
(2) Under the condition of no air extraction, measuring the reference light intensity I penetrating through the quartz filter paper by a reference and measurement photoelectric detector r0 And measuring the light intensity I s0 ；
(3) Exhausting delta t, wherein carbon black aerosol particles in the extracted air sample are deposited on the quartz filter paper film;
(4) Calculating the volume of the gas according to the measured atmospheric flow value F and the air extraction time delta t;
(5) Turning on the light source, referencing and measuring the reference light intensity I detected by the photodetector r1 And measuring the light intensity I s1 Under the light source, the light attenuation value of the carbon black aerosol particles to the light is increased
(6) Calculating the mass concentration of the carbon black aerosol particles
S is the area of the aerosol deposited on the quartz filter paper, and sigma is the mass absorption cross section of the carbon black aerosol;
(7) And displaying the mass concentration of the carbon black aerosol particles.
The LED light source array is provided with seven light sources, and one of the light sources can be turned on for measurement during measurement; or sequentially turning on various light sources for measurement, and comparing the measurement results under the irradiation of various light sources.
The LED light source array comprises seven light sources, namely purple light-350 nm, blue light-450 nm, green light-571 nm, yellow light-590 nm, red light-660 nm, infrared light 1-880nm and infrared light 2-950nm, wherein each light source adopts a pair of light emitting diodes which are connected in series.
The measurement principle is as follows:
when the quartz filter paper collects the aerosol sample, the light intensity detected by the photoelectric detector is reduced along with the increase of the carbon black amount, and the corresponding light attenuation amount is increased. Within an effective range, the light attenuation quantity ATN and the total mass m of carbon black deposited on the quartz filter paper per unit area BC There is a linear relationship:
ATN＝ln(I 0 /I)＝σ (1/λ) *m BC (1)
in the formula (1), I 0 Is the intensity of light passing through the portion of the original filter paper, i.e., the blank filter paper; i is the light intensity passing through the sample filter paper; m is BC Is the total mass of carbon black deposited on the quartz filter paper per unit area, in g.m -2 ；σ (1/λ) The mass absorption cross section of the carbon black aerosol is the most critical parameter in the measurement of BC concentration, and in practical application, the mass absorption cross section of the carbon black aerosol is inversely proportional to the wavelength lambda of the measured light and has the unit of m 2 ·g -1 . The atmospheric particulate carbon black monitor uses near infrared light with the wavelength of 880nm as standard measuring light of BC concentration, and the value of the mass absorption cross section sigma is 16.6m 2 ·g -1 。
m BC Increment of (Δ m) BC With the mass concentration of carbon black aerosol ρ BC There is a linear relationship:
in the formula (2), F is the sampling flow rate, Δ t is the sampling time interval, and S is the area of aerosol deposited on the quartz filter paper. If in a measurement period, S B 、S Z Respectively measuring the output of the light detector when the light source is switched on and switched off; r B 、R Z Is divided into
The measurement period ATN is given by the output of the reference light detector when the light source is turned on and off:
similarly, the light attenuation value of the next cycle is ATN (t + Δ t), and the light attenuation value increment Δ ATN is obtained by calculation:
ΔATN＝ATN(t+Δt)-ATN(t)＝σ*Δm BC (4)
substituting the expression (2) into the expression (4) to obtain the mass concentration rho of the carbon black aerosol in the sampling period BC ：
Two photoelectric detectors for reference and measurement are adopted, one is used as reference, and the other is used for test. The purpose of using a dual photodetector is: because the factors of filter paper feeding fluctuation, high-brightness LED constant-wavelength light source array output energy fluctuation, light receiving diode photoelectric conversion efficiency change due to temperature change and the like can cause system monitoring errors, the errors can be expressed as random errors or long-time measurement errors, and the system monitoring fluctuation is large, the reference photoelectric detector is adopted in the invention to eliminate or reduce the various errors.
Advantages and effects of the invention
The invention provides an instrument for monitoring the mass concentration of the atmospheric particulate matter-carbon black aerosol on line, which adopts an optical attenuation method, has the advantages of good real-time performance, high precision and low cost, improves the automation degree, saves time and labor, can automatically and continuously work all weather, and ensures the continuous and real-time online monitoring of the atmospheric particulate matter-carbon black aerosol.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the atmospheric particulate carbon black monitor.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a gas monitoring chamber and a gas outlet chamber.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a paper feed drive mechanism.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an array of LED light sources.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a mass concentration of atmospheric particulates-carbon black aerosol, which mainly comprises an LED light source array 11, a gas monitoring chamber 4, a reference photoelectric detector 13, a measurement photoelectric detector 14, a paper feeding transmission mechanism, a three-way electromagnetic valve 8, a mass flow controller 7, an air pump 1 and a gas filter 6; in the gas monitoring chamber 4, the top is provided with the LED light source array 11, the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber 4 is provided with the sealed transparent glass partition plate 12, and the light of the LED array 11 is uniformly distributed after penetrating through the glass partition plate 12; the glass partition plate 12 is provided with only one ventilation window; the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is pressed on a quartz filter paper tape with uniform light transmission, an optical glass partition plate arranged on a base is arranged below the paper tape, and a reference photoelectric detector 13 is arranged below the partition plate; the deposition of carbon black aerosol particles in gas is carried out on the upper surface of a light-transmitting quartz filter paper belt below a gas-permeable window, an air inlet of an air outlet chamber 5 is arranged below the paper belt, an optical glass partition plate is arranged at the bottom of the air outlet chamber 5, a measuring photoelectric detector 14 is arranged below the optical glass partition plate, and received optical signals are converted into electric signals; the whole side surface of the gas monitoring chamber 4 is provided with a gas inlet, and other parts are sealed.
The gas monitoring chamber 4 is provided with a gas inlet from which the atmosphere enters during air suction, and the gas outlet chamber is connected to the mass flow controller 7 through a silica gel pipe and then is communicated to the gas pump 1 through a main path gas circuit of a three-way electromagnetic valve 8; the gas filter 6 is externally connected with the atmosphere and is communicated with the air pump 1 through a silicone tube and a bypass gas circuit of a three-way electromagnetic valve 8.
The transmission mechanism for quartz filter paper feeding is composed of a paper tape supply tray 3, a paper feeding motor 18, a paper rotating motor 9, a paper rotating tray 10 and a travel switch 17.
The upper end of the gas monitoring chamber 4 is connected with a suspended electromagnet 15 and a paper pressing spring 16 with the upper end limited and fixed, when the electromagnet 15 is attracted and moves upwards, the gas monitoring chamber 4 also moves upwards, and the paper pressing spring 16 is compressed; on the contrary, when the electromagnet 15 is in a normal state, the upper end of the paper pressing spring 16 is limited and pressed above the gas monitoring chamber 4, so that the quartz filter paper is tightly attached to the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber 4.
Under the action of pumping air provided by the vacuum air pump 1, air enters the air monitoring chamber 4 from the inlet, passes through the quartz filter paper tape through the ventilation window, carbon black aerosol particles in the air are filtered on the filter paper film, after the air passing through the filter paper film reaches the mass flow controller 7, the actual flow of the air is measured by the mass flow controller 7, the air coming out of the mass flow controller 7 reaches the air pump 1 through the main passage of the three-way electromagnetic valve 8, and finally the air is discharged out of an instrument through the air outlet by the air pump 1.
The method comprises the following main measurement steps:
the first step is as follows: after new quartz filter paper is replaced, the reference light intensity I for the first time is measured by the photoelectric detector r0 And measuring the light intensity I s0 。
The second step is that: and (3) closing the bypass gas path of the three-way electromagnetic valve 8, and opening the main gas path of the three-way electromagnetic valve to enable the system to face the quartz filter paper belt for delta t, wherein in the period of time, carbon black aerosol particles in the pumped air sample are completely deposited on the quartz filter paper belt.
The third step: and determining the volume of the gas according to the flow value F fed back by the mass flow controller and the ventilation time.
The fourth step: turning on a light source of one color, at which time the reference intensity I detected by the photodetector r1 And measuring the intensity of light I s1 Calculating the light attenuation of the carbon black aerosol to the light under the light source according to the formula
The fifth step: calculating the mass concentration of carbon black aerosol
And a sixth step: and step four, ensuring that only one light source with one color is turned on at each moment, and measuring the mass concentration of the carbon black aerosol particles in the same air sample measured by different light sources in other six different light source modes one by one.
The seventh step: and the measurement result is locally displayed and transmitted to an upper computer, and the online dynamic display is realized by the upper computer software.
The LED light source array comprises seven light sources (purple light-350 nm, blue light-450 nm, green light-571 nm, yellow light-590 nm, red light-660 nm, infrared 1-880nm and infrared 2-950 nm): since the collected aerosol contains not only pure elemental carbon EC but also some kinds of organic components, such as some components in smoke generated by tobacco, diesel exhaust gas just discharged, etc., and the carbon black aerosol containing such organic components shows strong absorption of violet light, the detected violet light attenuation is much larger than that of other light sources. Therefore, the main sources of the air sample components can be judged according to the detection of different light sources on the same aerosol and used as reference comparison.
During measurement, various light sources are turned on in sequence to carry out measurement, measurement results under the irradiation of various light sources are compared, and the main source of the gas is further judged. In order to make the light source energy distribution nearly equal with respect to the two photodetectors, each light source employs a pair of series-connected light emitting diodes to compensate the light intensity with each other.
Claims (4)
1. The monitor for mass concentration of atmospheric particulate-carbon black aerosol is characterized by comprising a gas monitoring chamber, wherein the upper end of the gas monitoring chamber is connected with a suspended adsorption electromagnet, the top of the gas monitoring chamber is provided with an LED light source array, the gas monitoring chamber is communicated with a gas inlet, the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is a glass bottom plate, and a ventilation window is arranged on the glass bottom plate; the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is arranged on the base; a glass partition plate arranged on the base is arranged below the glass bottom plate, a reference photoelectric detector is arranged below the glass partition plate, a ventilation window is matched with an air inlet of an air outlet chamber on the base, an air outlet is formed in the side surface of the air outlet chamber, glass is arranged at the bottom of the air outlet chamber, and a measurement photoelectric detector is arranged below the air outlet chamber; a quartz filter paper tape capable of covering the ventilation window is pressed between the gas monitoring chamber and the base; the gas outlet is communicated with the gas pump through the mass flow controller and the three-way electromagnetic valve, and one interface of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmosphere through the filter.
2. The atmospheric particulate matter-carbon black aerosol mass concentration monitoring method of claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The gas monitoring chamber is arranged, an LED light source array is installed at the top of gas, the gas monitoring chamber is communicated with a gas inlet, the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is a glass bottom plate, and a ventilation window is arranged on the glass bottom plate; the bottom of the gas monitoring chamber is provided with a quartz filter paper tape; the air vent window is matched with an air inlet on the air outlet chamber below the air vent window, and the quartz filter paper is pressed in the middle; air is pumped by an air pump, and the air flow is measured at the same time, so that the atmosphere to be measured enters from an air inlet of an air monitoring chamber and is pumped out from an air outlet of an air outlet chamber, and atmospheric particles can be deposited on quartz filter paper under the filtering action of the quartz filter paper; a reference photoelectric detector is used for transmitting optical signals of the glass bottom plate and the quartz filter paper, and a measurement photoelectric detector is used for receiving optical signals of the quartz filter paper below the ventilation window;
(2) Under the condition of no air extraction, measuring the reference light intensity I penetrating through the quartz filter paper by a reference and measurement photoelectric detector r0 And measuring the light intensity I s0 ；
(3) Exhausting delta t, and depositing carbon black aerosol particles in the extracted air sample on a quartz filter paper film;
(4) Calculating the volume of the gas according to the measured atmospheric flow value F and the air extraction time delta t;
(5) Turning on the light source, and referring to and measuring the reference light intensity I detected by the photoelectric detector r1 And measuring the light intensity I s1 Under the light source, the light attenuation value of the carbon black aerosol particles to the light is increased
(6) Calculating the mass concentration of the carbon black aerosol particles
S is the area of the aerosol deposited on the quartz filter paper, and sigma is the mass absorption cross section of the carbon black aerosol;
(7) And displaying the mass concentration of the carbon black aerosol particles.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the LED light source array comprises seven light sources, one of which is turned on for measurement; or sequentially turning on various light sources for measurement, and comparing the measurement results under the irradiation of various light sources.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the LED light source array comprises seven light sources, including purple light-350 nm, blue light-450 nm, green light-571 nm, yellow light-590 nm, red light-660 nm, infrared light-1-880 nm, and infrared light-2-950 nm, and each light source comprises a pair of serially connected LEDs.
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