CN101120139A - Security element and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Security element and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101120139A
CN101120139A CNA2006800050663A CN200680005066A CN101120139A CN 101120139 A CN101120139 A CN 101120139A CN A2006800050663 A CNA2006800050663 A CN A2006800050663A CN 200680005066 A CN200680005066 A CN 200680005066A CN 101120139 A CN101120139 A CN 101120139A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
safety element
structural
micro
mold pressing
layer
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Granted
Application number
CNA2006800050663A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101120139B (en
Inventor
W·考勒
M·海姆
M·迪希特尔
W·霍夫默勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiejia German Currency Technology Co Ltd
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102005028162A external-priority patent/DE102005028162A1/en
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of CN101120139A publication Critical patent/CN101120139A/en
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Publication of CN101120139B publication Critical patent/CN101120139B/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B42D2033/24—

Abstract

In a security element (A) having first and second authenication features (AF's), the first AF consists of focusing components and microscopic structures, arranged in first and second rasters respectively and placed such that the microstructures appear enlarged when viewed through the focusing components. The second AF is mechanically and/or visually examinable, and not influenced by the focusing component arrangement of the first AF. An independent claim is included for the production of (A), by forming the first AF by combining the focusing component and microscopic structure arrangements, then combining the second AF with at least one second AF.

Description

Safety element and manufacture method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to protect the safety element of valuables.The invention still further relates to this safety element, be equipped with the manufacture method of the safety paper spare and the valuables of this safety element.
Background technology
For the purpose of protection, article or value document that valuables for example post trade mark often are equipped with safety element, and its permission is tested to the authenticity of valuables, and is used to prevent unwarranted duplicating simultaneously.
Safety element can be developed to for example following form: be embedded in safety line in the banknote, be used for the packing of product tear strip, add safe bar or self-bearing type transfer element, for example paster or label after it is made, are attached on the value document.
In order to prevent that even safety element from being duplicated by the color copy machine of top quality, safety element presents a plurality of optically variable elements, and it conveys to the different image impression of observer and demonstrate for example different color impression or different image subject from different viewing angles.
In this, the known safety element that security feature with diffraction optics micron and nanostructured form is provided for example has conventional embossed hologram or grating, for example Kinegram  and Pixelgram etc.The false proof protection of these elements is based on the color dependence viewing angle that these elements demonstrate.This safety element with the form of lip-deep filstrip of value document or film label by frequent application.
Publication EP 0 330 733 A1 have introduced this diffractive optical structure relevant with safety line.Here, this diffractive optical structure directly is rendered as in the carrier material of plastic cord for example or the mold pressing (embossing) in the extra play.The reflective metal layer that is presented in reflection hologram or the grid can interrupt, to be created in visible letter or pattern in the propagates light.
In addition, false proof as value document, also known three-dimensional hologram and the superimposed safety element of two-dimentional diffraction pattern.The method of this " 2D/3D hologram " of making is for example being introduced among publication EP 0 064 067 A1.
Because this hologram is at present not only as safety element, and usually pure being used in the non-key Secure Application ornamentally, reducing so recognize the observer of the hologram that adopts in the safety element.The observer no longer regards visual effect as security feature, but gradually as the variation that only is design, is reducing so this security feature is used as the validity of false proof protection.In addition, the image impression that produces by this way only can be seen from preferable view direction and under certain light condition.Particularly under relatively poor lighting condition, the differentiability of the holographic theme that produces is very limited.
Known in addition with lens combination as security feature.For example, in EP 0 238 043 A2, introduced a kind of safety line that constitutes by transparent material, in the transparent material surface mold pressing grid that constitutes by a plurality of parallel cylindrical lens.Here, the thickness of safety line selects to make it approximately corresponding to the focal length of cylindrical lens.On opposite surfaces, printed images is applied to aligning (perfect register) fully, consider that the optical property of cylindrical lens designs printed images.Because the focusing effect and the position of printed images in the focal plane of cylindrical lens depend on viewing angle, the different subregions of printed images are visible.By this way, can introduce information at most by suitable design and printing image, but, these information are only from being visible some observation on angle.By suitable exploitation printed images, can also produce " moving " image.But, when file rotated around the axle parallel with cylindrical lens, theme only moved to another position approximate continuous from a position on the safety line.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the objective of the invention is to describe in detail a kind of Generally Recognized as safe element with high anti-forgery security, can avoid the shortcoming of background technology.
This purpose requires the safety element of feature to solve by having principal right.Describe safety element in detail in the claim side by side, having the manufacture method of the safety paper spare and the valuables of this safety element.Improvement of the present invention is the theme of dependent claims.
According to the present invention, described safety element represents at least one first and one second diagnostic characteristics.Here, first diagnostic characteristics comprises first device with a plurality of concentrating elements of being presented in first grid and second device with a plurality of microstructures of being presented in second grid.First and second devices are arranged to this mode each other, promptly when observing by the concentrating element of first device, see that the microstructure of second device is exaggerated.
This amplification effect is also referred to as the More and is amplified.The basic functional principle of Mohr diagram is at M.C.Hutley, and R.Hunt introduces in the article of R.F.Stevens and P.Savander " The moir é magnifier " (Pure Appl.Opt.3 (1994), the 133rd to 142 page).In brief, according to this piece article, the More amplifies and to refer to a kind of phenomenon, and it takes place when the grid of observing by the lens grid with roughly the same lattice dimensions by the identical image target configuration.Produce Mohr diagram for every pair of similar grid, each Moire fringe all presents the amplification of repeat element of image grid and the picture shape of rotation in this case.
Except the amplification effect of reality, safety element can demonstrate depths of features or three-dimensional appearance as described in the present invention, and movement effects, and it will be described in detail below.Second diagnostic characteristics is that machine and/or vision are verifiable, and is not subjected to the influence of first device of first diagnostic characteristics.
Utilize image that security element according the invention produces can be on a large scale clear seeing under all conventional lighting conditions in the visual angle and basically, in addition, also provide the safety element that visual attraction is arranged very much.Because very unforgettable novel optical effect, observer's notice is attracted on this safety element more consumingly.
Concentrating element preferably is provided as the element of lens shape.But, the multi-form element with focusing effect also can be expected.
In order to obtain amplification effect of the present invention, depths of features or three-dimensional appearance and movement effects, first and second devices are advantageously developed, make that the spatial frequency of first and second grids is different slightly, and two essentially identical towards each other directions of grid.The reason that can obtain this effect presents slightly different lines net (line screen) particularly in first or second first grid and second grid that installs.Here, the lines net of two grids advantageously is in identical size.Alternatively, first and second grids can present essentially identical lines net, and grid is arranged to slightly rotate each other then.
According to optional embodiment, first and second devices can also be developed to and make first grid and second grid present essentially identical lines net.Can obtain the flipped image effect by this way, this will be described in detail below.
The microstructure of the concentrating element of first device or second device is preferably arranged in the grid with fixing geometrical relationship and spacing relative to each other.Here, particularly the concentrating element of first device presents high as far as possible surface coverage.
In a preferred embodiment, the lines net of first and second grids is between about 3 μ m and about 50 μ m, preferably between about 5 μ m and about 35 μ m, between about 10 μ m and about 20 μ m.Wherein, above-mentioned size is guaranteed to produce and is had the safety element that is specially adapted to the size in safety paper spare, the value document etc.This safety element preferably presents the gross thickness less than 50 μ m.
In order to obtain other effects, in variant of the present invention, first device development can also be become this mode, promptly comprise the combination of the concentrating element of different size and lines net.
In order to promote automatic authenticity verification and contingent more advanced perception to detect, and the valuables that are equipped with safety element are handled, second diagnostic characteristics preferably comprises the machine readable layer.Advantageously, the machine readable layer comprises machine-readable features material, particularly reflection, magnetic, conduction, polarization, phase shift, phosphorescence, fluorescence or other luminescent substances.
According to preferred variants, the machine readable layer can be formed by opaque, netted or extremely thin semi-transparent metal layer.
In exploitation of the present invention, second diagnostic characteristics comprises two-dimensional signal.This two-dimensional signal can comprise that theme forms layer, the hole that it shows as the form of character, pattern or coding and/or presents character, pattern or coding form.Here, theme forms the reflecting layer with forming layer suitability, is preferably metal level, or printed layers.
In preferred variants, the hole can be incorporated in the metal level especially.They can comprise for example any pattern, coding or text message at most.These holes are preferably made by one of the purging method of introducing among the WO99/13157A1 or multiple process for demetalizating of quoting in same publication.In this purging method, print with porous, soluble printing-ink from the subregion that metal level is removed, the metal level that produces in printing-ink and this subregion utilizes solvent to remove once more in the method step of back.The advantage of this purging method is that described hole with specific profile definition can be made.
But, also can use additive method to remove the subregion of metal level in principle.For example, use etching ink, can produce the hole in metal level, image is stamped on the metal level by these holes.Alternatively, can impress protective layer on metal level, except the zone that the back will be removed, the metal level in the not protected then zone is removed, and for example etching is removed.In other method for optimizing, the hole is to produce like this, promptly before the vacuum evaporation metal level, uses ethereal oil directly to print respective regions.So,, do not have metal with vacuum vapour deposition and separate out at the mimeograph position.Laser ablation and electroetching method provide other preferred possibilities for produce the hole in metal level.
Except metal level, can also form the reflecting layer by the reflective film element.Here, thin-film component can advantageously comprise reflecting layer, absorbed layer and be arranged in the reflecting layer and absorbed layer between dielectric isolation layer.In addition, in the reflecting layer, can the hole be set with the form of pattern, character or coding, it forms the transparent or semitransparent zone in the thin-film component.
In exploitation of the present invention, the microstructure of second device presents with the form of little character and little pattern.Here, especially can print microstructure.In optional embodiment, microstructure can comprise the mold pressing micro-structural.
Use distinct methods to make first focusing of installing the particularly element or the second mold pressing micro-structural of installing of lens shape.Especially, by conventional semiconductors technology (photoetching, beamwriter lithography, laser lithography, laser ablation), can imaging in erosion resistant, refinement, plating appropriate configuration and to use it for be that molding die is made in the film mold pressing.What be particularly suitable for making big surface is to be used on the thermoplastic film or the known method that carries out mold pressing on the film that is covered by the radiation curing lacquer.Alternatively, also be known by ink jet printing method or the process of self-organization by particulate with the technology that microlens system puts on the surface.
First and second devices advantageously are arranged to this mode, and the concentrating element and the second mold pressing micro-structural of installing that promptly form first device of protuberance are pointed to equidirectional.Alternatively, first and second devices are arranged to this mode, and promptly the mold pressing micro-structural of the ridge structure of the concentrating element of first device and second device is pointed to different directions.
Advantageously, the mold pressing micro-structural comprises the element that presents with spherical or non-spherical cap shape, circular cone, pyrometric cone, trapezoidal vertebra, truncated cone, truncated pyramid or similar type, and/or presents the bottom surface of character, pattern or coding form.Preferably, the concentrating element of first device and the second possible mold pressing micro-structural of installing have circular or oval-shaped bottom surface.
In exploitation of the present invention, the mold pressing micro-structural coats with lacquer, is preferably colored opaque with colored mold pressing or transparent color mold pressing lacquer carries out mold pressing.Here, colored mold pressing lacquer advantageously contains the radiation curing lacquer of color pigment.The mold pressing micro-structural can also be arranged on the carrier substrates colored or that have other ink laies.According to preferred variants, the mold pressing micro-structural of structure one side of second device can also be provided with opaque coating, is preferably metal level or opaque ink layer.
In favourable exploitation of the present invention, first and second diagnostic characteristicses are arranged each other in the mode that produces the visible 2D/3D effect of vision.Here, microstructure comprises aptly and is coated with the reflecting layer, is preferably the mold pressing micro-structural of metal level, and it provides second diagnostic characteristics.In order to strengthen false proof protection, suggestion provides the hole of character, pattern or coding form in the reflecting layer, or sets up the reflecting layer with the form of character, pattern or coding.
Advantageously, in security element according the invention, the microstructure of the concentrating element of first device and/or second device is arranged on the carrier substrates.In order to make first and second devices directed each other, can provide wall and/or adhesive layer with the appropriate intervals that the focal length with first device matches.For the mold pressing concentrating element, this wall can be formed by carrier substrates.
Lens shape element according to the present invention may be provided in transmission, refraction or diffraction lens or its mixture.Alternatively, the lens shape element can be formed by the polymer or the bead that to a certain degree are embedded in the lacquer.
If the use refractor, the difference of the refractive index of lens and near the refractive index of environment should be fully greatly to obtain lens effect.Because lens are normally made by the lacquer of refractive index 1.2 to 1.5, so when adjacent with lens layer to be provided as by refractive index be 1 air, the effect of lens was stronger.But, the shortcoming that exposes lens is that though they can easily form on the one hand, on the other hand, in circulation, the valuables that possess safety element can be subjected to the influence of dust, chemistry or mechanical effect.
Therefore normal hope embeds lens.For this reason, can use the extra high protective layer of refractive index, the difference of the refractive index that it presents and the refractive index of lens is at least 0.3.The lacquer of the nano particle dyeing of for example, making with titanium dioxide (titanium oxide) is applicable to this.This system and similar system with refractive index of 1.7 to 2 are commercial available.
In a preferred embodiment, the lens shape element provides the reflecting layer and therefore is used as a kind of concave mirror.
Preferably, safety element is safety line, tear strip, safety belt, safe bar, is applied to the paster or the label of safety paper spare, value document etc.For example, in a preferred embodiment, safety element can be on transparent or isolated area (hole), and the different optical appearance in its both sides all is visible from both sides.
The present invention also comprises the manufacture method of above-mentioned this safety element, wherein forms first diagnostic characteristics by combination first and second devices.First device with a plurality of concentrating elements that are present in first grid is arranged on second device with a plurality of microstructures that are present in second grid in the following manner, promptly, when observing, see that the microstructure of second device is exaggerated by the concentrating element of first device.First diagnostic characteristics further makes up with at least the second diagnostic characteristics, and wherein second diagnostic characteristics is that machine and/or vision are verifiable, and is not subjected to the influence of first device of first diagnostic characteristics.
In second device, microstructure advantageously is developed to the mold pressing micro-structural as described in the present invention.The mold pressing of micro-structural preferably occurs in the colored mold pressing lacquer, is preferably the mold pressing lacquer of colored opaque or transparent color.Here, in the first step, the colour lacquer can be applied to carrier substrates, and in second step, utilize molding die to carry out mold pressing in the mode that produces differently contoured height or profile depth zone, these zones form micro-structural then.
The safety paper spare that is used for Production Example such as secure files such as banknote, identity card preferably is equipped with the safety element of the above-mentioned type.Especially, safety paper spare can comprise the carrier material that paper and/or plastics are made.
The present invention also comprises valuables, for example is printed on article, value document of trade mark etc., and it is provided with above-mentioned safety element.Valuables especially can be safety paper spare, value document or the packing of product.
Valuables in the intension of the present invention especially banknote, stock, bond, certificate, voucher, check, the valency admission ticket is arranged and exist to forge other dangerous paper spares; passport and other identification file for example, and product protection elements such as label, strip of paper used for sealing, packing for example.Below, term " valuables " comprises all these article, file and product protection device.Term " safety paper spare " can be regarded as the still uncirculated predecessor of value document, and this predecessor can present other diagnostic characteristicses except safety element, for example establishes luminescent substance in vivo.Safety paper spare presents with lead ring shape (quasi-endless) usually and further handles in the back.
Other exemplary embodiments of the present invention and advantage will be introduced with reference to the accompanying drawings, and wherein the description of size and ratio is left in the basket to improve its definition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has the mold pressing safety line and the fixing banknote schematic diagram of safety element,
Fig. 2 in (a), the cutaway view of security element according the invention, in (b), this safety element first and second the device decomposition views,
Fig. 3 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
The top view of second of the safety element device among Fig. 4 Fig. 3,
Fig. 5 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Fig. 6 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Fig. 7 is developed to safety element first device of miniature text grid and the decomposition view of second device according to the present invention,
The top view of second of the safety element device among Fig. 8 Fig. 7,
Fig. 9 is at (a) with (b), is used to second device of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments according to the present invention to make the step of microstructure,
Figure 10 has the cutaway view of the safety element of the microstructure that can make according to the exemplary embodiments of Fig. 9,
Figure 11 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 12 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 13 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 14 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 15 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 16 is developed to the cutaway view of the safety element of transfer element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,
The bilateral safety element of Figure 17 another exemplary embodiments according to the present invention,
Figure 18 in (a), the cutaway view of security element according the invention, at (b) with (c), the top view of the specifically developed microstructure of this safety element second device,
Figure 19 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 20 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 21 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Figure 22 is according to the cutaway view of the safety element of another exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
The cutaway view of second device of the safety element of Figure 23 exemplary embodiments according to the present invention, and
The cutaway view of second device of the safety element of Figure 24 another exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.
The specific embodiment
To be that example is introduced the present invention in detail with banknote 1.Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of the banknote with two safety elements 2 and 6, and each safety element forms according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.First safety element constitutes safety line 2, and it is outstanding in banknote 1 lip-deep some window area 4, and is embedded in the banknote 1 in the zone between these window areas.Second safety element is formed by the fixedly safety element 6 of Any shape.
In order to explain according to principle of the present invention, Fig. 2 has schematically shown the layer structure of security element according the invention 10, with the form (Fig. 2 (a)) of cutaway view, and in order to observe better, with the form of decomposition view (Fig. 2 (b)).For example, safety element 10 can show as the form of safety line.But, within the scope of the invention, can also provide the safety element of any other contour shape.
For example on the PET film, the concentrating element device is lens devices 12 in exemplary embodiments in carrier substrates 14, is embossed in radiation curing and for example coats with lacquer in the ultraviolet lacquer.Lens devices 12 shows as and is arranged in the grid with fixed geometry, for example a plurality of spherical lens shape elements or the lenticule 112 in the hexagonal grid.These lenticules are rendered as the protuberance of projection, and when when the direction of lens devices 12 is observed safety element, being used as convex lens.In this example, the lens aperture that the lenticule of lens devices 12 presents is 10 μ m, and lens radius is approximately 12 μ m, and lenticular spacing is 11 μ m.
Lens devices 12 is connected with micro-structural device or micro-structural device 16 on being present in carrier substrates 18 by adhesive layer 11 with carrier substrates 14, and forms first diagnostic characteristics with lens devices 12.Equally, in this example, micro-structural device 16 presents with lens devices 12 and is in identical how much arrangements, i.e. spherical lens shape element in the hexagonal grid or lenticules 116.In this example, lenticule 116 also presents the physical dimension identical with lenticule 112.The spacing of first lens devices 12 and the micro-structural device or second lens devices 16 is preferably by the focal length size decision of the lenticule 112 of first lens devices.Lenticule 112 and 116 can also be arranged to polygonal gird, for example rectangular grid, rather than hexagonal grid certainly alternatively.
Shown in Fig. 2 (a), the spacing in section between the single lenticule 112 is different from the distance between the lenticule 116.This minute differences is used to produce required More's enlarge-effect in the spatial frequency of first and second lens devices 12 or 16 lenticule 112,116, as detailed below.Here point out once more that for the cause that promotes clearness, the description among the figure does not show the full-size(d) and the ratio of safety element as described in the present invention.
Can produce the reason of spatial frequency difference, for example be that the grid of first and second lens devices 12 and 16 presents essentially identical lines net, but be arranged to slightly reverse each other or rotate.In this case, the actual lens spacing of the lenticule 116 of second lens devices 16 is consistent with the actual lens spacing of the lenticule 112 of first lens devices 12.Alternatively, this effect can also produce like this, that is, first and second lens devices 12 present different slightly lenticular spacings with 16.Decisive factor only is that the spatial frequency of two grids is different slightly.In addition, must consider that the difference of spatial frequency is more little, amplification effect is strong more.Therefore the lenticule 116 of second lens devices 16 is that function is exaggerated by lenticule 112 with their spatial frequency more or less.By this way, according to required amplification effect, can provide the suitable difference of lenticule 112 and 116 spatial frequencys.
The lenticule 116 of lens devices 16 is provided with for example continuous metal layer 15 of evaporation.If observe safety element 10 from the direction of first lens devices, 12 1 sides, then lenticule 116 is as proper lens, but as the reflecting element or the micro-structural that reflect with varying strength according to catoptrical position and angle.In addition, by adding metal level 15, obtain second diagnostic characteristics with the form of conductive layer, this diagnostic characteristics can carry out machine check.
Metal level 15 can also form semi-transparent metal layer.This semi-transparent metal layer can be by for example extremely thin metal level or net-shaped metal layer manufacturing.
In addition, in order safety element 10 to be transferred on the safety paper spare or, reactive adhesive 17 can be added on the carrier substrates 18 of second lens devices in order to improve the cohesiveness of the safety element that is developed to safety line.
The structure of middle safety element will be carried out more detailed introduction with reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4 according to another embodiment of the invention.Here, Fig. 3 illustrates the cutaway view of safety element 20, and Fig. 4 illustrates the top view of second lens devices 16 of safety element 20.
Correspond essentially to safety element 10 among Fig. 2 according to the present invention and in the structure of the safety element 20 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.But in order to improve false proof protection, be provided with hole 30 in addition as second diagnostic characteristics in metal level 15 here, it has shown the specifying information of simple text form in described exemplary embodiments, i.e. letter " B ".Known several different methods produces this hole.But preferably use the purging method manufacturing hole, described in publication WO99/13157A1.Hole 30 is that vision is visible, and is especially all the more so in transmitted light, and in incident light, and it is visible basically that the moving image that is produced by lens devices 12 utilizes More's enlarge-effect.
When observing, security element according the invention 20 demonstrates the very highly magnified three-dimensional appearance image of the lenticule 116 of second lens devices 16, and this image presents depths of features and exercise effect.Here, lenticule 116 is rendered as amplification " protuberance ".By enlarge-effect, the physical presence size is lower than the reflection lenticule 116 of second lens devices 16 of resolution of eye can the observed person see now.The three-dimensional of image further by mold pressing, therefore and be that three-dimensional lenticule 116 is exaggerated.Can tell movement effects, reason is that enlarged image is revealed as the surperficial upper and lower of safety element or wherein unsteady, and moves in the mode of parallax or vertical parallax.Show substantially can both descried advantage under all normal illumination conditions for the 3-D view of Chan Shenging by this way.In addition, they provide very unforgettable optical effect.
The amplification effect of the lenticule 112 of described first lens devices 12 is only relevant with lenticule 116 in the grid that is arranged in second lens devices 16, and not relevant with the information that produced by hole 30 in the metal level 15.As shown in Figure 4, this information can extend through a plurality of lenticules.In current example, do not provide the repetition of information in the regular grids, but in practice always the case.When observing in reflection, particularly when safety element 20 is arranged on the dark substrate, present to the observer with the two dimensional image of original size thus by the letter that hole 30 produces, image appearance is to float on the three-dimensional appearance enlarged image of lens devices 16.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate another exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and wherein the exploitation of micro-structural device is changed.In addition, lenticule 112 or lens devices 12 are conceivable in the pro forma change of lens shape, grid, lens aperture, lens radius and lenticular spacing within the scope of the invention.Particularly, lens devices 12 can be rendered as and have a different lenticular combination in these parameters at least.
The exemplary embodiments of Fig. 5 shows the safety element 40 of the lens devices 12 that has on carrier substrates of being arranged in 14, and wherein lens devices 12 presents a plurality of lenticules 112.In this example, the lens aperture that lenticule 112 presents is 20 μ m, and lens radius is about 12 μ m, and lenticular spacing is 21 μ m.
The micro-structural device 46 that is present in equally on the carrier substrates 48 of PET film for example is over-molded in the radiation curing lacquer.Micro-structural device 46 presents a plurality of mold member, and it presents rounded bottom surface and trapezoidal cross-section.The arrangements of elements of micro-structural device 46 is hexagonal grid in this example in identical with the lenticule 112 of lens devices 12 how much are arranged.First lens devices 12 and micro-structural device 46 difference of the spatial frequency of grid separately can suitably be selected according to required amplification effect.For example, when presenting than bigger slightly interval, the interval of lenticule 112 between the element of micro-structural device 46, if perhaps equal substantially at interval, when micro-structural device 46 was arranged to rotate slightly each other with lenticule 112, then this can take place.When the direction of lens devices 12 is observed, can see three-dimensional, the enlarged image of the element of micro-structural device 46.It presents depths of features and movement effects, and the unit of micro-structural device 46 is shown as " bulge " or the truncated cone of amplification.
In order further to add metal level 15 for micro-structural device 46, for example,, strengthen false proof protection with as second diagnostic characteristics by evaporation, it is the hole 30 of the specifying information of two dimension for the observer that demonstration can be set.
According to the present invention and in the structure of the safety element shown in Fig. 6 50 substantially corresponding to the safety element among Fig. 5 40.The micro-structural device 56 that but is arranged in here on the carrier substrates 58 comprises a plurality of mold member that are arranged in the grid, and it has rounded bottom surface and presents triangular cross section.The three-dimensional enlarged image of element that is perceived as the micro-structural device 56 of " cone " is presented to the observer thus.3-D view is further amplified by same three-D elements.
Use traditional semiconductor technology method, can also make micro-structural with Any shape and profile.Therefore, for example, the mold pressing micro-structural can be rendered as the form of letter or number.If use up this system that illuminates, can produce the bright pattern that carves letter.Therefore She Ji micro-structural is suitable for safety element as described in the present invention equally by this way.
Introduce the structure of this security element according the invention in detail referring now to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, wherein micro-structural device forms mold pressing micro text grid.Here, in order to observe better, Fig. 7 illustrates the exploded view of safety element 60, and Fig. 8 illustrates the top view of subregion of the micro-structural device 66 of safety element 60.
Safety element 60 is to use the device 66 with the mold pressing micro text structure 166 of being presented in the grid with above-mentioned safety element difference according to the present invention, rather than has the component arrangement of rounded bottom surface.In the exemplary embodiments that illustrates, micro text structure 166 shows fix informations, i.e. alphabetic string " A ", and it presents with the about size corresponding to lenticule 112, and therefore is lower than the resolution limit of human eye.In addition, device 66 micro text structure 166 is arranged in identical with lens devices 12 arrange for how much, is hexagonal grid in this example.In addition, on being applied to device 66 and provide in the metal level 15 of second diagnostic characteristics hole 30 is set, its shown in exemplary embodiments in show the fix information of letter " B " form.
In this example, the lenticule 112 that can obtain by said method and the Light Difference of micro-structural 166 spatial frequencys are used to produce required More's enlarge-effect of first diagnostic characteristics.Thereby when observing, security element according the invention 60 demonstrates micro text structure 166 very highly magnified 3-D views, and it presents depths of features and movement effects, and micro text structure 166 is shown as the alphabetic string " A " of amplification.Be superimposed upon on this image as two dimensional image, the observer can see and be rendered as hole 30, just the fix information of the original size of letter " B ".
The 3-D effect of described mold pressing microstructure is produced by the micro-structural device of grid, and no matter whether this microstructure has been three-dimensional.On the contrary, in metal level 15, produce by hole 30 and a plurality of lenticules 112 of extend past this then information do not show as regular grids.Therefore, for the observer, it only shows as the two dimensional image of the original size on the three-dimensional enlarged image that is positioned at the mold pressing microstructure.
Ideally, the gross thickness that presents of safety element is less than 50 μ m.Therefore need have very high-resolution lenticule and microstructure.But, be applicable to Secure Application, especially be applicable to that easily there is certain difficulty in the microstructure that is equipped in the safety element in safety paper spare, the value document etc. aspect the size of making.
If for example lens devices adopts the lenticule of the about 30 μ m of lens diameter, then the microstructure of micro-structural device must be in the size of about 30 μ m equally.Here, if not only use the micro-structural of point-like, but more complicated micro-structural, for example letter, numeral, for example
Figure A20068000506600201
Or such character, icon or even the image of " $ " symbol, then the resolution ratio of microstructure must have only several microns or littler.Usually, utilize the traditional printing technology can not easily produce the microstructure of such size.
Therefore, will provide some exemplary embodiments hereinafter, wherein microstructure is made in another way.
At first, with reference to figure 9, will the manufacture method of micro-structural device with mold pressing, colored micro-structural be described in detail.In the method shown in Fig. 9, wherein, can be favourable by the fact of the very little structure of mould pressing technology manufacturing.Here, in exemplary embodiments, these structures as usually, are not made with colourless mold pressing lacquer, also do not utilize evaporation for example to obtain reflective metal layer with the acquisition optical effect, and are to use tangible colour, particularly opaque mold pressing to coat with lacquer 72.Suitable mold pressing enamel-cover is drawn together the ultraviolet lacquer that for example comprises color pigment.
Shown in Fig. 9 (a), in the first step, colored mold pressing lacquer 72 is put on for example whole surface of the transparent carrier substrate 74 of PET film by the traditional printing technology, its suitable bed thickness is approximately 1 to 30 μ m, is preferably about 1 to 15 μ m.Produce the micro-structural of mold pressing lacquer 72 then by known mould pressing technology.For example, can be like a cork make the suitable molding die that presents the micro-structural of several nanometers in the hundreds of micrometer range by traditional lithography technique or the other technologies (photoetching, beamwriter lithography, laser ablation) of taking from semiconductor technology.Therefore utilize the obtainable resolution ratio of these technology to be higher than the resolution ratio that the traditional printing technology is obtained.When mold pressing, mold pressing enamelled coating 72 is configured to very thin, and is promptly almost colourless, and zone 75 and thicker micro-structural form zone 76 and have high color saturation, produces colored thumbnail image or has high-resolution micro-structural device (Fig. 9 (b)).Here, the profile height or the degree of depth are between 2 μ m and 30 μ m.
Alternatively, can also imagine to coat with lacquer and cover colored carrier substrates or have the carrier substrates of extra ink lay with the white or the opaque mold pressing of other colors.By this way, can (masking) produce (bearing) micro-structural by the surface local " mask " of lower floor's (colour) carrier substrates.
The mold pressing micro-structural 76 of utilizing said method to produce is arranged in the grid, and this grid is corresponding on size and geometrical relationship with the grid of unshowned concentrating element device, and the combination that utilizes mold pressing micro-structural and micro-structural device is to form first diagnostic characteristics.
Safety element can present other diagnostic characteristicses of machine readable layer form, and the machine readable layer comprises the machine-readable features material, for example magnetic, conduction, phosphorescence or fluorescent material.Mold pressing enamelled coating 72 can comprise the machine-readable features material equally.For example, magnetic paint can be joined in the mold pressing lacquer.
In unshowned here other steps, the mold pressing micro-structural 76 of utilizing said method to obtain in due course can be by electromagnetic radiation, and for example ultra-violet radiation is cured.
Another selection of making the mold pressing micro-structural will describe in detail with reference to the safety element shown in Figure 10 80.In this exemplary embodiments, for example coat with lacquer in the transparent color ultraviolet lacquer 82 in the transparent color mold pressing and to carry out mold pressing, transparent color ultraviolet lacquer is added on the transparent carrier substrate 14 of PET film for example.After this, mold pressing micro-structural 86 can be rendered as the form of character for example or pattern.At the opposite side of carrier substrates 14,, for example be embossed in the lens devices 12 that presents a plurality of spherical lens shape elements or lenticule 112 in the grid in the ultraviolet lacquer at the radiation curing lacquer.
Be applied with reflective metal layer or for example white opaque ink layer 84 for 82 times at the mold pressing enamelled coating.By this way, when mold pressing lacquer that uses different colours and mask printing ink, can produce especially and lose lustre effect or add chromatic effect.
Can produce required amplification effect by the Light Difference of lenticule 112 and mold pressing micro-structural 86 spatial frequencys, it can obtain by said method.Thereby when observing, security element according the invention 80 demonstrates micro-structural 86 very highly magnified 3-D views, and it presents depths of features and movement effects, and micro-structural 86 is shown as the character or the pattern string of amplification.
In addition, in order safety element 80 to be transferred on the safety paper spare or, reactive adhesive 17 can be added on metal or the ink lay 84 in order to improve the cohesiveness of the safety element that is developed to safety line.
In the optional variant of this exemplary embodiments, not shown here, transparent color mold pressing lacquer is arranged on the side of carrier substrates, and metal or ink lay are added on the opposite side of carrier substrates.The micro-structural device that produces by this way links to each other with lens devices to form safety element as described in the present invention by adhesive phase then.
To introduce another exemplary embodiments of making the mold pressing micro-structural by mould pressing technology in detail with reference to Figure 23.In this exemplary embodiments, mold pressing is carried out in the colored mold pressing lacquer 272 of the lacquer of ultra-violet curing for example equally, and colored mold pressing lacquer 272 is applied on the whole surface of the transparent carrier substrate 74 of PET film for example.Here, the micro-structural 276 of micro-structural device forms has different the profile height or the degree of depth, and it obtains different color saturations and produces thus and the corresponding to different contrast of thickness everywhere of coating with lacquer.By this way, micro-structural can also be embodied as for example half tone image.
Another selection below with reference to the mold pressing micro-structural is made in the micro-structural device introduction shown in Figure 24 utilizes this selection can produce the structure of micro text structure 166 for example shown in Figure 7.Here, the micro-structural device shown in Figure 24 corresponds essentially to the micro-structural device shown in Fig. 9.But the micro-structural 286 of mold pressing presents the reflection covering in colored mold pressing lacquer 282 here, is metal level 285 in this embodiment, and it can provide by for example evaporation.
According to the selection of color be used for the selection of the alloy of metal level 285, can mate for example bimetallic (aluminium/copper, aluminium/aluminium etc.).In addition, can imagine and use colored carriers substrate rather than transparent carrier substrate 74, or apply extra ink lay to transparent carrier substrate 74, not shown here, to obtain extra color effect.Except the colored mold pressing that has illustrated is coated with lacquer the full surface applications, can also in due course it only be applied to form the subregion of pattern.
Micro-structural device shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24 is arranged in the grid equally, its grid with unshowned concentrating element device here is corresponding on size and geometrical relationship, utilizes grid that micro-structural device is made up to form safety element as described in the present invention.
In another variant of making the mold pressing micro-structural, can use molding die, it also comprises diffractive optical structure except micro-structural.By this way, can produce the novel combination of diffraction for example or holographic grating (hologram-like grating) and micro text.
Suitable lateral dimension is arranged, can see micro-structural (for example letter or number) by human eye.Therefore the above-mentioned selection of making the mold pressing micro-structural is suitable for producing (miniature) characters cut in relief (positivetext) or characters cut in intaglio (negative text) equally, for example in order to use in safety line.Here, be embossed in and put on transparent or the colored carriers substrate, for example the PET film the colour lacquer on whole surface in carry out.The size of mold pressing micro-structural here, is rendered as and can be arrived by human eye detection.
This layer structure can also be equipped with coverlay or transfer membrane.For the safety element that will produce is by this way transferred on the safety paper spare, perhaps, reactive adhesive can also be applied on the carrier substrates in order to improve the cohesiveness of this safety element as safety line the time.In addition, be appreciated that and only in subregion, apply colored lacquer and the advantage of traditional printing technology and mould pressing technology is made up.
Particularly, utilize traditionally based on method of printing, the method for for example introducing in WO99/13157A1 in variant shown in Figure 24, can also utilize conventional method that demetalization is carried out in the zone.The combination of the several different methods of this manufacturing micro text allows novel embodiment.For example, if the metal level on the weakened region of mold pressing is removed in allowed limits, then produce almost transparent hole.It will also be appreciated that and utilize the weakened region that distinct methods makes or the part surface in hole to cover.
Below, will other manufacturing variants of the microstructure of using in the security element according the invention be described.
In initial the manufacturing, the microstructure that size is suitable for Secure Application can obtain with the lateral resolution less than 100nm by for example using beamwriter lithography.By this way, therefore can for example produce the microstructure with thumbnail image, wherein each micro-structural is made of different diffraction and/or holographic grating.Here, micro-structural can be reappeared in very exactly determined grid.
In addition, can expect using non-diffraction grating to make micro-structural, particularly scatter grid, for example inferior light texture (matte-texture) image.
But, the shortcoming of this metallized mold pressing micro-structural is that if whole surface all is metallized, then the light reflection may make that Zone Full is all equally high basically, so micro-structural is not optimum with the contrast of non-molded areas on every side.
Therefore in order to improve contrast, except holographic grating, can use selectivity to cut down reflexive special surface structure of metal surface, to pass on a kind of dark color impression (being called the black structure (diffractive black structure) of diffraction).
To use the example of safety element 90 among Figure 11 to introduce this principle layer structure that presents the safety element of micro-structural in detail below, wherein for example form micro-structural device with mold pressing micro-structural 92 with non-diffraction grating form.Mold pressing micro-structural 92 for example is molded in the ultraviolet enamelled coating at mold pressing enamelled coating 94, and with the geometry arranged identical with lens devices 12 on the transparent carrier substrate 98 of for example PET film.Here, can suitably select the spatial frequency difference of each grid of lens devices and micro-structural device to form first diagnostic characteristics.
Each mold pressing micro-structural 92 self forms a character or patterns, its each present with about lenticular size corresponding to lens devices 12.In order to strengthen antifalsification, the hole 96 that also is provided with theme form for example in the metal level 95 that puts on the mold pressing micro-structural in addition is as second diagnostic characteristics.In addition, metal level 95 constitute can machine check conductive layer.
Security element according the invention 90 demonstrates the very highly magnified 3-D view of the micro-structural 92 that forms non-diffraction grating when observed, it presents depths of features and movement effects, also demonstrate non-diffraction grating, for example the inferior light texture image of a series of amplifications.The observer can see the information that presents with the hole 96 that is superimposed upon formation two dimensional image on this image.
According to the optional variant of this exemplary embodiments, not shown here, mold pressing micro-structural 92 can be provided with membrane structure rather than metal level 95.By this way, obtain second diagnostic characteristics of extra color changeable effect form.
The mold pressing micro-structural of the suitable mold pressing degree of depth and structure width if metallize obliquely then produces either large or small non-metallic regions according to deposition angles.Introduce in detail according to the present invention and utilize the principle layer structure of the safety element 100 that this method makes below with reference to Figure 12.
Safety element 100 is different with above-mentioned safety element according to the present invention aspect the exploitation of micro-structural device.
In this exemplary embodiments, micro-structural device is presented on the transparent carrier substrate 108 of PET film for example.Alternatively, carrier substrates also can be colored.Micro-structural device presents a plurality of micro-structurals 106 of mold pressing in the mold pressing lacquer 104 of for example ultraviolet lacquer.Here, micro-structural 106 is arranged in how much arrangements identical with the lenticule of lens devices 12, and presents additional metals layer 105, and by the inclination vacuum evaporation of micro-structural, metal level 105 only part exists thereon.
In addition, safety element 100 is with one or more machine-readable features materials that comprise, for example the form of the machine readable layer of magnetic, conduction, polarization, phase shift, phosphorescence or fluorescent material presents second diagnostic characteristics and optionally more diagnostic characteristicses.Mold pressing enamelled coating 104 equally also can comprise the machine-readable features material.For example, luminescent substance can be joined in the mold pressing lacquer 104.
Alternatively, in order safety element 100 to be transferred to safety paper spare or for the cohesiveness of improving safety element in the paper spare before applying active bond layer 17, other layers of for example ink lay can be applied on the carrier substrates 108.
In another variant of this exemplary embodiments, not shown here, micro-structural device does not link to each other with lens devices 12 via adhesive layer 11, as shown in figure 12.But the lenticule of lens devices 12 and mold pressing micro-structural 106 are arranged on the opposite side of identical carrier substrate.
Figure 13 shows another exemplary embodiments of the present invention, wherein the micro-structural device of safety element 120 is interacted with micro-structural device by complete surperficial zeroth order diffraction grating 126 (ZOG) and forms, and wherein micro-structural device has the form of printing, absorption microstructure or micro-structural 122.
Zeroth order diffraction grating 126 is molded with the rectangular configuration form in the layer 124 of for example ultraviolet enamelled coating, and the mold pressing rectangular configuration also is to utilize for example ZnS or TiO 2The high refractive index layer evaporation.On layer 124 the opposed surface of non-mold pressing, for example the absorption plant of black micro-structural 122 is printed in the grid, its size and geometrical relationship grid corresponding to the lens devices 12 that is linked to each other with micro-structural device by adhesive layer 11.Zeroth order diffraction grating 126 only demonstrates the color changeable effect of characterization in the zone that absorbs micro-structural 122 existence.
What adjacency printing micro-structural 122 can further be set to second diagnostic characteristics is another metal level 125, and it is present on the carrier substrates 128.In addition, hole 129 can be arranged in the metal level 125 with the form of for example theme.
Another exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown in Figure 14, and wherein the micro-structural device of safety element 130 presents mold pressing micro-structural 136, and it is here aimed at or directed structure with the layer that is made of liquid crystal material of opposing.By liquid crystal layer being put on directed mold pressing micro-structural, can produce the polarization micro-structural device, it is by the simple inspection device of for example linearity or circuit polarizer as seen.
The aligning layer 134 that is arranged on the carrier substrates 138 comprises a plurality of mold pressing micro-structurals 136 that are arranged in the grid, arranges thereon and is directed on mold pressing micro-structural 136 by the layer 132 that for example nematic liquid crystal material constitutes.Alternatively, the microstructured layers of making by etching or indentation or by the correct exposure layer that the linear photosensor polymer constitutes also can be as the aligning layer of directional crystal.
On being present in carrier substrates 14 and for example via adhesive layer 11 and the lens devices 12 that liquid crystal layer 132 links to each other, safety element 130 also presents the metal level 135 as second diagnostic characteristics.This can be equipped with for example hole of theme form alternatively.
Cannot see mold pressing micro-structural 136 with bore hole.When not having aid to observe, safety element only has glittering metal appearance, and is suitably porose on it.Only when observing safety element 130 by polarizer, required amplification effect just occurs.
So safety element 130 demonstrates the very highly magnified 3-D view of the polarized regions that is produced by mold pressing micro-structural 136, it presents depths of features and movement effects, and polarized regions is rendered as the character or the pattern of amplification.
According to the variant of this exemplary embodiments, not shown here, verifying attachment can also be integrated in the layer structure of safety element 130 self.For example, can be on lens devices 12 or below setting by linear polarizer and circuit polarizer that λ subsequently/4 wave plates form.In this case, aid that need not be extra also can be seen the oriented liquid crystal layer of light-dark contrast version.
According to another variant, not shown here, the lenticule of lens devices 12 is arranged on the opposite side of identical carrier substrate with the aligning layer 134 with mold pressing micro-structural 136.Thereby, aim at layer 134 and liquid crystal layer and present with reverse order.
Known micro-contact printing (μ CP) is to make the another kind of method that is used for the microstructure of micro-structural device according to the present invention, and is not shown here.This permission or even less than the resolution ratio of 1 μ m and therefore be particularly suitable for making the microstructure of very little, high-resolution, printing.
In the method, forming technology (photoetching, beamwriter lithography, etching and lift from method, nano-imprint lithography etc.) by semiconductor pattern makes microstructure and utilizes elastomer (for example PDMS) to be moulded subsequently.By this way, produce the marking or impression post (impression cylinder) flexible, clear patterns, it is suitable for shifting extremely thin ink film thickness when using special printing-ink and printed substrates surface treatment.
Has high-resolution printing micro-structural by utilizing the impression post of making by this way to apply suitable printing ink, can producing.
Figure 15 to Figure 21 illustrates other exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and wherein micro-structural device comprises the printing micro-structural.
Exemplary embodiments among Figure 15 illustrates the safety element 140 of the lens devices 12 that has on carrier substrates of being arranged in 14.At the reverse side of carrier substrates 14, for example microstructure or micro-structural 142 are printed in the grid by above-mentioned μ CP method, micro-structural 142 can with for example the letter or the sign character or the form of pattern present.In addition, printing micro-structural 142 can comprise two or more patterns with different colours and/or different lines nets.
The micro-structural 142 of micro-structural device is applied with reflective metal layer 145 in addition as second diagnostic characteristics, and reflective metal layer 145 presents for example hole 146 of theme form.This safety element is rendered as opaque in transmission light.Only hole 146 is visible for the observer.In addition, the advantage of this design is the optical brightness that metallization has increased the printing micro-structural.
Alternatively, can below metal level 145, apply for example opaque ink layer 144 of white.For metal level 145 extraly or alternatively, safety element 140 can present (other) and comprise the machine-readable features material, other diagnostic characteristicses of the machine readable layer form of magnetic, conduction, polarization, phase shift, phosphorescence or fluorescent material for example.Printing micro-structural 142 also can comprise the machine-readable features material.For example, magnetic paint or luminescent substance can be added in the printing-ink.
Still in this exemplary embodiments, can be used to produce required More's enlarge-effect by said method lenticule 112 that obtains and the Light Difference that prints micro-structural 142 spatial frequencys.Thereby when observing, safety element 140 demonstrates the very highly magnified Three-dimensional Display image of printing micro-structural 142.It presents depths of features and movement effects.Here, micro-structural 142 is for example presented to the observer with the letter or the identification string that amplify.Here, must consider that also the difference of spatial frequency of lens devices and micro-structural device is more little, amplification effect is strong more.Be superimposed upon on this enlarged image, the observer sees that the hole 146 in the metal level 145 becomes the two dimensional image of original size, for example text.
If utilize luminous printing ink to make in addition or alternatively printing micro-structural 142, then above-mentioned amplification effect presents equally, or only depends on the radiation of excitation luminescence material, ultra-violet radiation for example, and irradiation just presents.
According to the optional exploitation of this exemplary embodiments, the lines net that the printing micro-structural 142 of micro-structural device and the lenticule of lens devices 12 112 can also equate substantially presents, not rotation mutually between each grid.For this reason, the micro-structural 142 of micro-structural device is printed with the lenticular lines net of lens devices 12 exactly.By this way, can obtain the flipped image effect.Here, use extremely strong amplification effect, it takes place when observing the grid that is made of same microstructure by the lens devices with basic identical lines net.Be explained as follows.Thisly constitute and have the system of identical lines net with lenticule if observe by pinpoint micro-structural each other from certain direction of observation, then each lenticule forms each identical point of the micro-structural that is positioned at its below, therefore forms the unlimited enlarged image of below micro-structural point in fact.If direction of observation changes, other points of corresponding micro-structural are presented to the observer with corresponding amplification.By this way, for example can produce so-called " animation " image.This can be interpreted as image, wherein image information is visible from certain direction of observation to the observer only, and cannot see image information from every other direction.In other words, for observer, when direction of observation changed, having disappeared equally suddenly again appearred in image from nowhere suddenly.
Another embodiment of security element according the invention 200, as shown in figure 20, the metallization that is provided by the reflective metal layer among Figure 15 145 also can be provided by the membrane structure 207 of evaporation with as second diagnostic characteristics.Membrane structure 207 is made of absorbed layer 204, dielectric spacer layer 205 and reflecting layer 206, and reflecting layer 206 can present suitably the time and portal.In addition, the structure of safety element 200 shown in Figure 20 corresponds essentially to the structure of safety element 140 among Figure 15.
Before the active bond layer 17 that will be used for shifting safety element 100 puts on safety paper spare or improves the cohesiveness of paper spare safety element, alternatively, other layers 209 of for example ink lay can be put on safety element 200.
Except the complete surperficial embodiment that illustrates, can also imagine that each layer with lens devices 12, micro-structural device 202 and membrane structure 207 only puts on the variant of part surface.
Can local use color changeable effect printing ink, rather than illustrated thin-film component obtains the local different color changeable effect that can see from both sides among Figure 20.
Except the complete surperficial embodiment that illustrates, wherein other variants of not presenting on whole surface of the printing micro-structural of the lenticule of lens devices, micro-structural device and reflecting layer can be expected.
For example, do not present in the safety element zone of lenticule 112, diffraction grating rather than reflective metal layer can be set at lens devices 12.This design is shown in Figure 22.
The structure of the safety element 220 shown in Figure 22 corresponds essentially to the safety element 140 among Figure 15.But here in order further to strengthen antifalsification, for example diffraction grating 224 of embossed hologram is set, it is embossed in the reflective metal layer 245 not by in the lenticule overlapping areas of lens devices 12.Now, except More's enlarge-effect that printing micro-structural 242 actings in conjunction by lens devices 12 and micro-structural device produce, the observer also sees the optical change effect of accurate embedded (quasi-embedded) embossed hologram.
The metal level that second diagnostic characteristics is provided is not applied on the micro-structural device, but the variant that is added on the profile of focusing, particularly lens shape element also can be expected.Utilize this device that constitutes by miniature concave reflector, can obtain and lens devices 12 similar effects shown in the previous figures.
In this layer structure, micro-structural device generally includes opaque and transparent element, for example is printed on the micro-structural on the lens carrier substrate.Incident light impinges upon the plane of also reflecting therefrom on the concave reflection apparatus by the micro-structural device that is exaggerated according to above-mentioned principle through transparent region.Except this More's enlarge-effect, safety element demonstrates depths of features or three-dimensional appearance, and movement effects.Here, the observer also only sees unsteady enlarged image, rather than the micro-structural that presents with the size that is lower than the resolution of eye limit.
This embodiment will utilize the example of the safety element that is developed to transfer element 150 shown in Figure 16 to describe in detail.Transfer element 150 can be transferred in transfer step on safety paper spare or the value document.Here, to be built into the degree of adhesion that makes on the carrier substrates relatively low for the series of layers on the carrier substrates 158.For this reason, under individual cases, release or separating layer 159 can be added on the carrier substrates 158.Safety element is transferred to safety paper spare or value document so adhesive layer 157 is applied on the safety element 150.Carrier substrates 158 is removed usually.
But, transfer element 150 can also form it is attached on the carrier substrates 158 well.In this case, shifting afterwards, carrier substrates is retained on the safety element.Kai Fa safety element by this way can be for example on transparent or isolated area, particularly on the window that presents in the safety paper spare.
According to the design of safety element, in due course, can see different optical appearances in both sides.
Alternatively, before using adhesive layer 157, safety element can also be provided with protective layer, and is not shown here.
Lenticular lens devices is different with having, transfer element 150 shown in Figure 16 presents concave reflection apparatus 152, it has and is embossed in the film and is arranged in a plurality of lens shape elements or lens arrangement in the grid, and described grid has fixed geometry, for example is hexagonal grid.Alternatively, the concave reflection apparatus can be embossed in the moldable mold pressing enamelled coating that puts on the carrier substrates.In order to metallize, provide for example reflective metal layer 155 of evaporation on the profile of the lens arrangement of concave reflection apparatus 152.Opposite with refractive micro lenses, the optical property of concave reflector only has minor alteration under the state that embeds.
In addition, also the hole 156 of character or pattern form can be incorporated in the metal level 155 that second diagnostic characteristics is provided according to one of said method.
Alternatively, the layer that comprises high-index material, netted or extremely thin semi-transparent metal layer can be set, rather than metal level 155.By this way, especially can realize this embodiment, that is, should guarantee the observability of other diagnostic characteristicses, for example when direction 160 is observed, be positioned at the printed images of reflectance coating back.So transfer element 150 is rendered as second diagnostic characteristics with the machine readable layer in due course, this machine readable layer comprises for example machine-readable features material of magnetic, conduction, polarization, phase shift, phosphorescence or fluorescent material.In the layer that constitutes by high-index material, also can comprise the machine-readable features material.Printing micro-structural 154 can comprise the machine-readable features material equally.For example, magnetic paint can be joined in the printing-ink.
According to the another kind of optional variant of this exemplary embodiments, not shown here, can also be by the membrane structure cremasteric reflex coating of evaporation.By this way, can obtain second diagnostic characteristics of other color changeable effect form.
Here, membrane structure can be put on lens arrangement, on the one hand in a series of lens arrangements, absorbed layer, dielectric spacer layer, reflecting layer, or in a series of lens arrangements, reflecting layer, dielectric spacer layer, absorbed layer, have other holes that can be located in the reflecting layer.Under first kind of situation, can obtain to be equipped with the concave reflection apparatus in variable color, reflecting layer.Under second kind of situation, obtain the reflective concave surface reflector arrangement of SPARKLING metal, when from opposite side observation safety element, can see the color changeable effect that depends on viewing angle in addition.
On the non-mold pressing surface of the layer that presents lens arrangement, in grid, be printed on the device of opaque substantially micro-structural 154, its size and geometrical relationship are corresponding to the grid of concave reflection apparatus 152.Here, printing micro-structural 154 is on the focal plane of concave reflector.Distance from the concave reflector peak to the micro-structural plane equals half of radius of curvature of (sphere) concave reflector.
Can protective layer all be set at the device of printing micro-structural 154 and the back side of concave reflection apparatus 152.
In addition, as shown in Figure 16, transfer element 150 also can the next door of the lens arrangement of concave reflection apparatus 152 and/or between comprise mold pressing diffraction or diffusing structure 164, for example embossed hologram or inferior photo structure are with as other diagnostic characteristics.Compression-molded structures 164 can be equipped with metal level 155 equally.Hole 156 can be presented in wherein in due course.
When the combination of lens devices and micro-structural device is located at the both sides of safety element, rather than during independent combination, can also obtain interesting effect.Here, if use lens devices, especially can obtain interesting effect with different lines nets.This safety element preferably can be used as the safety line that presents on safety paper spare or value document bilateral, or is used to be positioned at the transfer element on transparent or the isolated area.
With reference to Figure 17, will describe in detail by introducing 170 couples of this embodiment of safety element, the structure of safety element 170 corresponds essentially to the safety element among Figure 15.But the safety element shown in Figure 15 also presents quasi-reflection (quasi-mirrored) here.Particularly, lens devices 12,172 is set on the bilateral of safety element, lens devices 172 is arranged on the carrier substrates 178 in addition.Obviously, alternatively or extraly, lens devices 12 also can be arranged on the carrier substrates.
In addition, safety element 170 comprises printing micro-structural 174,176, and micro-structural 176 only exists only in the zone with opaque metal layer 175 basically.By this way, More's enlarge-effect of micro-structural 176 is only by means of lens devices 172 as seen according to the present invention.On the other hand, by the lenticule of each lens devices 12,172 of suitable selection, the enlarge-effect of micro-structural 174 can see that the part has different amplification effects in due course at least from bilateral.
Here, metal level 175 for example only is located in the subregion between micro-structural 174 and the micro-structural 176 with the form of theme, and provides by this way that vision is verifiable, second diagnostic characteristics of specifying information form, and in addition, this information also allows machine check.
Be presented in the structure of security element according the invention in the another kind of design in detail below with reference to Figure 18.Here, Figure 18 (a) illustrates the cutaway view of the safety element 180 according to the present invention, Figure 18 (b) and the top view of specific embodiments of the printing micro-structural of this safety element (c) is shown.
Layer structure shown in Figure 18 (a) promotes to realize flipped image effect and especially above-mentioned color changeable effect.In this exemplary embodiments, below the lenticule of lens devices 12, the micro-structural 182 that has different colours alternately in lenticular lines net is stamped with the state of aiming at fully, produces the color changeable effect that depends on viewing angle.Depend on viewing angle, scioptics can be seen one or other micro-structural 182.
On carrier substrates 188, also be provided with reflective metal layer 185 as second diagnostic characteristics.Wherein also be provided with for example hole 183 of theme form, to strengthen antifalsification.
Alternatively,, other layers of for example ink lay can be added on the carrier substrates 188 with before safety element 180 being transferred to safety paper spare or improving the sticking and property of safety element in the paper spare at application of active adhesive layer 17.
If the printing micro-structural is suitable for as Figure 18 (b) and the lenticular bottom surface of the lens devices 12 (c), then can obtain following effect.
By in micro-structural device 184, arranging to be suitable for for example the different color zone of the concentric circles form of the rounded bottom surface of spherical microlens (Figure 18 (b)), when safety element 180 does not rely on direction of observation and when tilting, produces color changeable effect.
The micro-structural of the different colours of micro-structural device 186 among Figure 18 (c) by being arranged to grid point for example can obtain by green can to obtain for example by green color changeable effect to indigo plant when north orientation south tilts to red color changeable effect when the east orientation west tilts.
Can solve the arrangement of color area in the micro-structural by multitude of different ways.For example, can also imagine such micro-structural device, wherein the arrangement in different color zone is provided by circular line segment or straight line in the micro-structural.
According to the variant of this exemplary embodiments, can obtain to depend under the ultra-violet radiation color changeable effect of viewing angle, reason is to utilize two or more different luminous printing inks to print micro-structural.Do not use aid to observe, then safety element only presents glittering metal appearance, suitably has the hole.On the other hand, only when with the irradiation of ultra-violet radiation for example safety element, just present required color changeable effect.
With can be different by the interference in the thin-film component or traditional color changeable effect that utilize liquid crystal to produce---the continuous color that it always presents the qualification order, the color changeable effect that utilizes lenticule to produce can choose at random.Utilize these, can produce any color changeable effect basically, that is, any color A can transform to color B.
Certainly this color changeable effect and above-mentioned amplification effect are made up.For this reason, in definite zone that micro-structural is arranged in the lenticule of lens devices is aimed at fully, and they present and compare different spatial frequencys with lens devices in other zones.
The structure of the safety element according to the present invention 190 shown in Figure 19 corresponds essentially to the safety element 140 among Figure 15.The lens devices 192 on being arranged in carrier substrates 194, it also comprises and presents the micro-structural device 196 that for example prints micro-structural, and being presented on metal level 195 on the carrier substrates 198, metal level 195 comprises the hole and second diagnostic characteristics is provided in due course.
In addition, the lenticule of lens devices 192 next door or between mold pressing diffraction or diffusing structure 199 are set, for example inferior light (matte) structure or embossed hologram can apply metal level in due course.Compression-molded structures 199 is applied metal level have the advantage that is easy to see.In order to realize transparent variant, can expect with for example ZnS or TiO 2The metal coating that the high refractive index layer replacement that constitutes is mentioned.
By suitable manufacture method, diffraction or diffusing structure directly can be placed corresponding lens devices next door.Alternatively, in due course, diffraction or diffusing structure shown in the lenticule of lens devices or metallization concave reflection apparatus and Figure 16 also can be overlapping.
Can also be with the zeroth order diffraction grating, rather than the diffraction of mold pressing or diffusing structure, the part is arranged on the lens devices next door or overlaps.Ideally, these will utilize for example by ZnS, TiO 2The further evaporation of high refractive index layer that constitutes.Like this, in zeroth order diffraction grating zone of living in, the color impression that when rotating safety element, can obtain to change.
Introduce the another kind exploitation of security element according the invention 210 in detail below with reference to Figure 21.The lens devices 12 on being arranged in carrier substrates 14, safety element 210 comprises the device with printing micro-structural 212 and metal level 215.
In addition, the layer 214 that the liquid crystal material by for example cholesteric liquid crystal material constitutes is set between micro-structural device 212 and metal level 215, and the dark-coloured ink lay 216 of the local for example black that manifests in due course.Alternatively, dark-coloured ink lay 216 can contain for example machine-readable features material of magnetisable material in addition.As shown in figure 21, metal level 215 or could manifest the part as translucent or net-shaped metal layer only when being in suitable complete alignment with dark-coloured ink lay 216.Except above-mentioned More's enlarge-effect, this device also causes variable color or polarization effect.Therefore, metal level 215 and dark-coloured ink lay 21 and second diagnostic characteristics in the meaning of the present invention can be set by layer 214 the combination both that liquid crystal material constitutes.
Alternatively, for before safety element 100 being transferred to safety paper spare or being applied active bond layer 17 for the sticking and property of improving safety element in the paper spare, other layers 219 that can for example ink lay are added on the safety element 210.
Except the full surface exploitation that illustrates, it will also be appreciated that this variant, wherein lens devices 12, micro-structural device 212 and liquid crystal layer 214 or dark-coloured ink lay 216 only are applied on the part surface.In addition, above-mentioned layer structure 214,216, rather than metal level can also put on the profile of lens arrangement of concave reflection apparatus.
Be appreciated that and can also use other elements with spotlight effect, rather than the lenticule in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments.In addition, security element according the invention can be with other layers, especially combine with the readable layer of other machines.This layer comprises for example reflection, magnetic, conduction, polarization, phase shift and luminescent substance.
In order to hide magnetosphere, ideally, they are embedded between two opaque layers.If there has been metallized area on the safety element, then magnetosphere can for example be transferred to the there by adhesion-promoting layer.After this, can be by other metal levels, have the opaque ink layer of high optical density (OD) or comprise that the layer of metallic pigments for example covers magnetosphere.Magnetic regions can be rendered as along the continuum of safety element or coding form.
For example can obtain electric conductivity by continuous metal level.Because what the stability of the relative mechanical load of metal level was normally not enough, so alternatively or extraly, the conductive coating of substantial transparent can be put on whole surface or more lip-deep zones of safety element.These layers have the advantage of the optical appearance of not destroying safety element.
But, also can use colored and/or luminous metal coating.When use has the printing-ink of carbon black pigment, preferably be embedded between two opaque layers of safety element to avoid damaging the outward appearance of safety element with the layer of its manufacturing.
In addition, in the layer structure of security element according the invention, can use luminous, the material of fluorescence or phosphorescence especially in any position.Particularly, this material can be incorporated in the lens arrangement of lenticule or concave reflector.Compare with common printing-ink (several microns), lenticule or lens arrangement are thicker relatively, therefore will provide enough big space for this object.But must remember here that luminescent substance should be optically transparent basically.
According to another design, security element according the invention can also combine with the layer that presents the phase shift characteristic.For this reason, the layer segment that for example constitutes with the liquid crystal material that presents these characteristics covers safety element.Particularly, partly cover metallized area with the directional crystal of printed patterns form, or with presenting the whole surface that liquid crystal that birefringence and its main shaft part be in different directions covers safety element.By this way, by using circuit polarizer or linear polarizer, can see other not visible pattern.
Alternatively, can also cover safety element with the polarization material of for example cholesteric liquid crystal material.

Claims (44)

1. safety element that is used to protect valuables; has at least one first diagnostic characteristics; first diagnostic characteristics comprises first device with a plurality of concentrating elements of being presented in first grid and second device with a plurality of microstructures of being presented in second grid; first and second devices are arranged to when observing by the concentrating element of first device; see the mode that second microstructure of installing is exaggerated; also have second diagnostic characteristics, its be machine and/or vision verifiable and be not subjected to first diagnostic characteristics first the device influence.
2. safety element according to claim 1 is characterized in that first and second grids of first diagnostic characteristics present fixing geometrical relationship.
3. safety element according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that first grid of first diagnostic characteristics and second grid present slightly different lines net.
4. safety element according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that first grid of first diagnostic characteristics and second grid present essentially identical lines net.
5. safety element according to claim 4 is characterized in that first grid of first diagnostic characteristics becomes each other rotation slightly with second grid arrangement.
6. according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 5, the lines net that it is characterized in that first and second grids is between about 3 μ m and about 50 μ m, preferably between about 5 μ m and about 35 μ m, between about 10 μ m and about 20 μ m.
7. according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that second diagnostic characteristics comprises the machine readable layer.
8. safety element according to claim 7 is characterized in that the machine readable layer comprises machine-readable features material, particularly reflection, magnetic, conduction, polarization, phase shift, phosphorescence, fluorescence or other luminescent substances.
9. according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that second diagnostic characteristics comprises two-dimensional signal.
10. safety element according to claim 9 is characterized in that this two-dimensional signal comprises the theme that presents with character, pattern or coding form and forms layer, and/or presents the hole of character, pattern or coding form.
11. safety element according to claim 10 is characterized in that described theme forms layer and comprises the reflecting layer, is preferably metal level, or printed layers.
12. safety element according to claim 11 is characterized in that described reflecting layer is formed by the reflective film element.
13. safety element according to claim 12, it is characterized in that described thin-film component be formed have the reflecting layer, absorbed layer, and be arranged in dielectric spacer layer between described reflecting layer and the described absorbed layer.
14., it is characterized in that the concentrating element of first device of first diagnostic characteristics is the element of lens shape according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 13.
15., it is characterized in that the microstructure of second device of first diagnostic characteristics presents with the form of little character or little pattern according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 14.
16., it is characterized in that described microstructure prints according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 15.
17. at least one described safety element according to claim 1 to 16 is characterized in that described microstructure comprises the mold pressing micro-structural.
18. safety element according to claim 17 is characterized in that first and second devices of first diagnostic characteristics are arranged to the concentrating element of first device and the mode that the second mold pressing micro-structural of installing is developed to the protuberance that points to equidirectional.
19. according to claim 17 or 18 described safety elements, it is characterized in that the mold pressing micro-structural comprises the element that presents with forms such as spherical or non-spherical cap shape, circular cone, pyrometric cone, trapezoidal vertebra, truncated cone, truncated pyramids, and/or present the bottom surface of character, pattern or coding form.
20., it is characterized in that the mold pressing micro-structural is over-molded in the colored mold pressing lacquer, is preferably the mold pressing lacquer of colored opaque or transparent color according at least one described safety element of claim 17 to 19.
21. safety element according to claim 20 is characterized in that described colored mold pressing lacquer is the radiation curing lacquer that comprises color pigment.
22. at least one described safety element according to claim 17 to 21 is characterized in that described mold pressing micro-structural is arranged on the colored carriers substrate.
23. according at least one described safety element of claim 20 to 22, it is characterized in that the mold pressing micro-structural on second structure side of installing is provided with opaque coating, be preferably metal level or opaque ink layer.
24., it is characterized in that first and second diagnostic characteristicses are arranged opposite to each other in the mode that produces the visible 2D/3D effect of vision according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 23.
25. at least one described safety element according to claim 1 to 24, it is characterized in that described microstructure comprises the mold pressing micro-structural that is coated with the reflecting layer, is preferably metal level, this reflecting layer presents the hole of character, pattern or coding form, or is developed to the form of character, pattern or coding.
26., it is characterized in that the concentrating element of first device and the second possible mold pressing micro-structural of installing present circular or oval-shaped bottom surface according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 25.
27. at least one described safety element according to claim 1 to 26 is characterized in that first device comprises the combination of the concentrating element of different size and lines net.
28., it is characterized in that the concentrating element of first device and/or the microstructure of second device are arranged on the carrier substrates according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 27.
29., it is characterized in that wall and/or adhesive layer are arranged between the concentrating element and second microstructure of installing of first device according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 28.
30. according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 29, it is characterized in that the concentrating element of first device is provided with protective layer, described protective layer presents refractive index difference with concentrating element and is at least 0.3 refractive index.
31. at least one described safety element according to claim 1 to 30 is characterized in that described safety element presents the gross thickness less than 50 μ m.
32., it is characterized in that described safety element is safety line, tear strip, safety belt, safe bar, is applied to the paster or the label of safety paper spare, value document etc. according at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 31.
33. method that is used for making as at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 32, wherein first diagnostic characteristics forms by combination first and second devices, first device with a plurality of concentrating elements of being presented in first grid is arranged on second device with a plurality of microstructures of being presented in second grid in the following manner, promptly, when observing by the concentrating element of first device, the microstructure of seeing second device is exaggerated, first diagnostic characteristics combines with at least one second diagnostic characteristics, second diagnostic characteristics is that machine and/or vision are verifiable, and is not subjected to the influence of first device of first diagnostic characteristics.
34. method according to claim 33 is characterized in that first and second diagnostic characteristicses are arranged to produce the mode of the visible 2D/3D effect of vision.
35., it is characterized in that described microstructure comprises the mold pressing micro-structural according to claim 33 or 34 described methods.
36. method according to claim 35 is characterized in that described mold pressing micro-structural is over-molded in the colored mold pressing lacquer, is preferably the mold pressing lacquer of colored opaque or transparent color.
37. method according to claim 36 is characterized in that in the first step, colored lacquer is applied in carrier substrates, and in second step, and colored lacquer utilizes molding die to be molded in the mode in the zone that produces differently contoured height or profile depth.
38. according to claim 36 or 37 described methods, it is characterized in that the mold pressing micro-structural on second structure side of installing is provided with opaque coating, be preferably metal level or opaque ink layer.
39. at least one described method according to claim 35 to 38, it is characterized in that the mold pressing micro-structural is coated with the reflecting layer, be preferably metal level, the hole of character, pattern or coding form is introduced in the described reflecting layer, and perhaps described reflecting layer is developed to the form of character, pattern or coding.
40., it is characterized in that wall and/or adhesive layer are arranged between the concentrating element and second microstructure of installing of first device according at least one described method of claim 33 to 39.
41. a safety paper spare is used for making the safety or the value document that are equipped with as at least one described safety element of claim 1 to 32, for example banknote, check, identity card, certificate etc.
42., it is characterized in that described safety paper spare comprises the carrier material of being made by paper or plastics according to the described safety paper spare of claim 41.
43. valuables for example are printed on the article, value document of trade mark etc., have at least one described safety element according to claim 1 to 32.
44., it is characterized in that described safety element is arranged in the window area of valuables according to the described valuables of claim 43.
CN2006800050663A 2005-02-18 2006-02-10 Security element and method for the production thereof Active CN101120139B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005007749A DE102005007749A1 (en) 2005-02-18 2005-02-18 Security element for protecting valuable objects, e.g. documents, includes focusing components for enlarging views of microscopic structures as one of two authenication features
DE102005007749.8 2005-02-18
DE102005028162A DE102005028162A1 (en) 2005-02-18 2005-06-17 Security element for protecting valuable objects, e.g. documents, includes focusing components for enlarging views of microscopic structures as one of two authenication features
DE102005028162.1 2005-06-17
PCT/EP2006/001169 WO2006087138A1 (en) 2005-02-18 2006-02-10 Security element and method for the production thereof

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CN101120139A true CN101120139A (en) 2008-02-06
CN101120139B CN101120139B (en) 2012-04-04

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