CN101114856A - Method and apparatus for reducing transmitter peak power requirements with orthogonal code noise shaping - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for reducing transmitter peak power requirements with orthogonal code noise shaping Download PDFInfo
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- CN101114856A CN101114856A CNA2006101075886A CN200610107588A CN101114856A CN 101114856 A CN101114856 A CN 101114856A CN A2006101075886 A CNA2006101075886 A CN A2006101075886A CN 200610107588 A CN200610107588 A CN 200610107588A CN 101114856 A CN101114856 A CN 101114856A
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
- H04B2201/70706—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation with means for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for reducing peak transmitter power includes providing a set of orthogonal communication codes for a telecommunications system that includes a set of active user codes and a set of inactive user codes ( 1404 ). A communication signal is generated from the set of active user codes ( 1406 ). The peak-to-average power ratio of the communication signal is reduced by performing a peak cancellation function on the communication signal that minimizes energy distribution at least one of the set of active user codes and the set of inactive user codes ( 1410 ).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to communication system.More specifically, but be not restricted to the method and apparatus of the reduction transmitter peak power requirements that the present invention relates to use in the telecommunication system.
Background technology
In typical wireless communication system, use linear power amplifier from the base station broadcast signal of communication.Problem in the linear power amplifier design is: adapt to the input signal power level of fluctuation widely, produce the accurate reproduction of input signal simultaneously at the output of amplifier.Peak signal power may surpass the several decibels of average signal power at any one time, even 10 decibels or more.Peak-to-average power is than being the peak power of signal and the ratio of average signal power.In linear power amplifier, peak-to-average power is than the key factor that is cost, complexity and linear power amplifier size.Even the reduction that peak-to-average power is littler than having only all can cause the very big improvement of performance and the reduction of cost.
Unfortunately, anyly all will cause the spectral performance that reduces usually in the mode of adjacent-channel interference, just, cause surpassing the signal energy of the frequency band of distributing to this signal by handling trial that function reduces the peak-to-average power ratio.Do not wish very much adjacent-channel interference, because it disturbs the communication on the adjacent channel.The method that is used to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio comprises hard-limiting (hard clipping) and soft limiting (soft clipping).In hard-limiting, will be reduced to selected maximum above each signal amplitude of amplitude limit thresholding, normally the amplitude limit thresholding.Hard-limiting causes the adjacent-channel interference of height.In soft limiting, change input signal by nonlinear function, this function has reduced the signal peak amplitude, compares with hard-limiting, and energy is still less entered in the adjacent channel.
Description of drawings
Provide accompanying drawing as example rather than restriction, wherein identical invoking marks is represented components identical in each view.
Fig. 1 represents not have the bar chart of the quadrature code domain power in the existing telecommunication system of peak value offset;
Fig. 2 represents to have the bar chart of quadrature code domain power of the existing telecommunication system of hard restriction (amplitude limit) peak value offset function;
Fig. 3 represents to have the rather bar chart of the quadrature code domain power of the existing telecommunication system of (inverted Hanning) peak value offset function of the contrary Chinese;
Fig. 4 represents to be used for the peaceful weighting function curve chart of the contrary Chinese of peak value offset, and this function has to be chosen to be and minimizes the length of window that is distributed in energy on the unactivated user code;
Fig. 5 represents to have the bar chart of quadrature code domain power of the telecommunication system of non-linear peak value offset function, and this function has selected length of window, therefore according to distributes on the un-activation sign indicating number energy of minimum of the weighting function of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 represents to have the bar chart of quadrature code domain power of the telecommunication system of peak value offset function, and this function has not to be chosen to be and minimizes the length of window that is distributed in energy on the unactivated user code;
Fig. 7 represents multistage peak value offset function;
Fig. 8 represents the bar chart according to the quadrature code domain power of telecommunication system after the single-stage peak value offset of prior art;
Fig. 9 represents the two-stage peak value offset bar chart of the quadrature code domain power of telecommunication system afterwards;
Figure 10 represents the bar chart of the quadrature code domain power of telecommunication system after the two-stage peak value offset function of the length of window optimization of combined diagram 4 and Fig. 7;
Figure 11 represents 3 * 3 power matrixs (power matrix) system configuration of prior art;
Figure 12 represents dual digital 4 * 4 power matrix systems, and this system is included in the peak value offset function that minimum power distributes between the un-activation user code;
Figure 13 represents individual digit 3 * 3 power matrix systems, and this system is included in the peak value offset function that minimum power distributes between the un-activation user code;
Figure 14 represents to utilize orthogonal code noise shaping to reduce the method flow diagram of transmitter peak power requirements; And
Figure 15 represents to adjust the method flow diagram of peak value offset function length of window among Figure 14.
Element in each accompanying drawing only for simple and clear purpose explanation, might not be drawn to scale.For example, the yardstick of some elements, size and/or relative position may be exaggerative with respect to other element in the accompanying drawing, to set forth the specific characteristic of illustrated embodiment.In addition, but the common element that is not plotted in common fine understanding useful or necessary among the commericially feasible embodiment, so that disturb the view of described embodiment lessly.
Embodiment
Following explanation is not considered as limited significance, and on the contrary, purpose is to describe the General Principle that comprises in the embodiment shown by concrete example.For example, can describe or describe some action or step according to particular order; Yet those skilled in the art will understand that this particular order is also unnecessary.In addition, has its ordinary meaning that conforms to it in the related corresponding every field with research of the term that uses in the specification and expression formula, unless particularly point out other implication in the literary composition in these terms and expression formula.
According to following instruction, the method distribution ground before the power ratio in the untapped orthogonal code of orthogonal code sets is more even, therefore makes the peak-to-average power ratio that reduces signal of communication become possibility in the code word orthogonality tolerance of telecommunication system requires biglyyer.Although be not graph-based, the performance advantage that illustrates for untapped orthogonal code also is applicable to the orthogonal code of having used.
Utilize in explanation before the various embodiment of orthogonal code noise shaping reduction transmitter power demand, summarize some parties concerned of existing telecommunication system briefly.
In the existing method that reduces signal of communication peak-to-average power ratio, detection is above each peak amplitude in a series of time samplings of the signal of communication of amplitude limit thresholding.Time window is the center with the time sampling with high-amplitude, by decay each sampling in this window of amplitude limit weighting function.Typical window amplitude limit weighting function includes, but are not limited to Blacknam-Harris (Blackman-Harris), the Chinese peaceful (Hanning), contrary Han Ning and other nonlinear weight function.
By the peak amplitude of limiting telecommunication signal, the size of linear radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier can be much smaller, and the telecommunication system transmitter can move more effectively.The peak value offset technology changes frequency domain, time-domain and the orthogonal code characteristic of signal of communication at the input of power amplifier.For the benefit of the reduction peak-to-average power ratio that obtains maximum possible, frequency domain, time-domain and orthogonal code characteristic must manage to satisfy system specifications.
Many communication systems rely on the code word orthogonality to distinguish user and information.For example, in code division multiple access (CDMA) system, each user is assigned with unique orthogonal code sets.How following formula (1) expression distributes orthogonal code sets to each user.
Formula (1)
In formula (1), S represents the quadrature base band data before the spread spectrum, and i represents orthogonal code number, and P represents the maximum quantity of orthogonal code, and m represents sample index, and M represents the number of chips in the orthogonal function, x
iExpression is dispensed to the user data of orthogonal code i, and W represents orthogonal function.
In cdma system, the summed result of formula (1) is filtered and with the spreading rate spread spectrum.Usually, be not all code words of using simultaneously in the orthogonal code sets.In other words, orthogonal code sets comprises set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code.The property of orthogonality of code word is distinguished each user mutually.This by with orthogonal code sets with receive that data are relevant to be finished, shown in (2).
Formula (2)
In formula (2), ρ represents the power of every orthogonal code, and i represents orthogonal code number, n represents orthogonal measuring index at interval, the orthogonal function space-number during N represents to measure at interval, and m represents sample index, M represents the number of chips in the orthogonal function, and R represents received signal, and W represents orthogonal function.W
m M*The complex conjugate of expression orthogonal function.
Molecule in the formula (2) is to receive data R
m(n) with orthogonal code sets W
m MCross-correlation.Denominator in this formula is to the power normalization of each orthogonal code.Data are relevant with whole orthogonal code sets to be shown higher power level and show lower power level in unactivated user in excited users with receiving.
Fig. 1 represents not have bar shaped Figure 100 of quadrature code domain power of the existing telecommunication system of peak value offset.Shown in Fig. 1 is the power level of excited users sign indicating number 102 and the power level of un-activation user code 104.They are not actually interference when the un-activation user code does not contain coded message.In the system that does not adopt the peak value offset technology, the power level of determining the un-activation user code by the gain and the phase equalization of channel model characteristic, system linearity and base band data.
Air interface specification has been stipulated the allowed power level of un-activation user code.Un-activation user's allowed power level is represented as the peak power increment with respect to channel power.The peak value offset technology influences the code word orthogonality by redistribution peaks spectrum energy between orthogonal code.This envelope peak according to the limiting telecommunication signal draws, and the envelope peak of limiting telecommunication signal has changed the correlated results in the formula (2).Strong peak-limitation can be urged to unacceptable level with the power level of un-activation user code and the mistake of excited users sign indicating number.In order to obtain most benefit, wish to keep the property of orthogonality of user code from the peak value offset technology.
The simplest peak value offset technology is used amplitude limit mechanism, and the amplitude that this mechanism will be answered signal of communication is limited in fixing thresholding, i.e. restriction firmly.The power envelope of square this signal of communication of expression of signal of communication voltage.The hard restriction of signal of communication peak amplitude can realize the peak-to-average power ratio of wishing, but cost is the spectral performance of difference, or adjacent-channel interference.
When the peak value offset technology changed the envelope shape of signal of communication, the peaks spectrum energy by distribution user code on other user code changed correlated results as the formula (2).In some cases, may in the power level of all un-activation user codes, occur generally rising.In other cases, the energy in comparable another un-activation user code of energy in un-activation user code rises manyly.Because air-interface standard is defined as the peak power of un-activation user code and the difference of total channel power with quality factor, so the high-energy of the un-activation user code of ratio that generally rises of all un-activation user code energy more has superiority.In some cases, be necessary to compromise, because peak energy anisotropically is distributed on the un-activation user code.As a result, reduced the peak amplitude of signal of communication, but cost is the background context noise of all un-activation user codes of having raise.
Fig. 2 represents to have bar shaped Figure 200 of quadrature code domain power of the existing telecommunication system of hard restriction (amplitude limit) peak value offset function.Shown in Fig. 2 is the code domain power level of excited users sign indicating number 102 and the code domain power level of un-activation user code 202.
In Fig. 2, to hard restriction, make the pact-67dB of background noise from Fig. 1 of un-activation user code 202 be increased to pact-37dB signal of communication envelope peak amplitude limit.
Fig. 3 represents to have the bar chart 300 of quadrature code domain power of the existing telecommunication system of the peaceful peak value offset function of the contrary Chinese.Shown in Fig. 3 is the code domain power level of excited users sign indicating number 102 and the code domain power level of un-activation user code 302.
In Fig. 3, will be applied to signal of communication against the peaceful weighting function of the Chinese and reduce amplitude peak in the signal of communication envelope.As a result, for the identical peak-to-average power ratio of realizing by the hard-limiting function shown in Fig. 2, the background noise of un-activation user code 302 from Fig. 1-67dB increases to pact-50dB.Compare with the hard-limiting function, the peaceful weighting function of the Chinese is reduced to sign indicating number background context noise-50dB from-37dB valuably.
In a kind of method of improving un-activation user code upward peak Energy distribution, adjust the length of peak value offset function, the Energy distribution in the set of un-activation user code is minimized.Peak value offset function length through adjusting depends on the characteristic of signal of communication envelope.As adjusting the peak value offset function length to minimize the result of Energy distribution in the set of un-activation user code, the existing method of power ratio in the orthogonal code of not using of orthogonal code sets distributes more evenly, therefore makes the peak-to-average power ratio that reduces signal of communication in the code word orthogonality measurement demand of telecommunication system become possibility biglyyer.In other words, as described below in un-activation user code set minimization of energy distribute and provide a kind of method to make transmitter at lower cost and than operating them in the past more efficiently.
According to various embodiment, a kind of method that reduces the peak emission acc power comprises provides the set of the quadrature of telecommunication system communications codes, this set to comprise set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code.Signal of communication produces from the set of excited users sign indicating number.Go up the peak-to-average power ratio that the peak value offset function of Energy distribution reduces signal of communication by minimizing the set of un-activation user code to the signal of communication application.The peak value offset function can be embodied as, for example have the contrary Hanning window weighting function of certain length of window, adjust this length of window to minimize the Energy distribution in the set of un-activation user code.
Fig. 4 represents to be used for the curve chart 400 of the peaceful weighting function of the contrary Chinese of peak value offset, and this function has to be chosen to be and minimizes the length of window that is distributed in the energy in the set of un-activation user code.Shown in Fig. 4 is contrary Hanning window weighting function 402, and this function has adjustable length of window 404, gathers amplitude 406, sampling interval 408 and the peak signal amplitude 410 of the multiple signal of communication that generates from the excited users sign indicating number.
In Fig. 4, multiply by the value of the peaceful weighting function 402 of the contrary weighting Chinese at each place with the amplitude 406 of multiple signal of communication, with the peak-to-average power of reduction signal of communication in sampling intervals 408.Adjust the length of window 404 of weighting function, to minimize the energy that is distributed on the un-activation user code.
Fig. 5 represents to have the bar chart 500 of quadrature code domain power of the telecommunication system of peak value offset function, and this function has selected length of window, makes distributes on the un-activation user code energy of minimum of weighting function according to Fig. 4.Shown in Fig. 5 is the code domain power level of excited users sign indicating number 102 and the code domain power level of un-activation user code 502.
In Fig. 5, the length of window of adjusting the peak value offset function causes basic orthogonal code background noise uniformly to be minimized in the energy that distributes on the un-activation user code 502.During beginning, the length of window of estimating the peak value offset function with the peak-to-average power that obtains to wish than and the spectral performance of wishing, just, maximum admissible adjacent-channel interference.Then the peak value offset function is applied to input signal, and measure processed signal spectral performance and with the spectral performance of hope relatively.If the spectral performance of processed signal is inferior to the spectral performance of hope, increase the length of window of peak value offset function so with big step-length, up to the spectral performance that obtains to wish.When spectral performance is enough, measure peak-to-average power than and compare with the peak-to-average power ratio of hope.If the peak-to-average power of measuring is than the peak-to-average power ratio greater than hope, so to have the length of window that reduces the peak value offset function less than the step-length of big step length, up to the peak-to-average power ratio that obtains to wish.In this manner, adjust the length of window of peak value offset function, compare index to satisfy spectral performance and peak-to-average power.
Fig. 6 represents to have the bar chart 600 of quadrature code domain power of the telecommunication system of peak value offset function, and this peak value offset function has and is not chosen to be the length of window that minimizes the energy that distributes on the un-activation user code.Shown in Fig. 6 is the code domain power level of excited users sign indicating number 102 and the code domain power level of un-activation user code 602.
In Fig. 6, contrary Hanning window function has reduced adjacent-channel interference effectively; Yet a sign indicating number related errors is distributed on the un-activation user code unevenly, and this for example causes surpassing-sign indicating number territory background noise on the code word orthogonality measurement demand of the peak code territory mistake standard of 27dB for the CDMA-2000 telecommunication system.
Peak code territory mistake is the mistake of worst condition in all user codes.Can represent un-activation sign indicating number mistake graphically, with the difference of correlation magnitude between excited users sign indicating number and the un-activation user code in the codeword set of illustrative examples such as 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) signal.The inventor determines on experience that the length of window that can adjust the peak value offset function is to optimize the even distribution of sign indicating number related errors on the user code.
Perhaps, can improve distribute power on the user code by in a plurality of level of series connection, applying peak value offset to signal of communication.For example, the output of a contrary peaceful weighting function of the Chinese can be connected to the input of another contrary peaceful weighting function of the Chinese, and this another contrary peaceful weighting function of the Chinese is identical with first, to construct two-stage peak value offset function.
Fig. 7 represents multistage peak value offset function 700.Shown in Fig. 7 is the first peak value offset function 702 and the second peak value offset function 704.
Peak value offset function 702 and 704 is weighting functions, and for example, the contrary peaceful weighting function of the Chinese is depicted as series connection, perhaps can be parallel connection.Because orthogonality tolerance is relevant based on received signal and orthogonal code sets, so can utilize multistage this correlated results of peak value offset functional operation of series connection.Given selected peak value offset function length of window applies single-stage or two-stage peak value offset function to identical signal of communication in the example below.For single-stage or two stage arrangement, the output of peak value offset function has identical peak-to-average power characteristic.
Fig. 8 represents the bar chart 800 according to the quadrature code domain power of telecommunication system after the single-stage peak value offset function of prior art.Shown in Fig. 8 is the relevant relevant power level 804 that comprises with the un-activation user code of envelope power level 802 of excited users sign indicating number.
In Fig. 8, quality factor are maximum peak powers of un-activation user code, and for sign indicating number channel number 33, this maximum peak power is shown pact-27dB.
Fig. 9 represents the bar chart 900 of the quadrature code domain power of telecommunication system behind the two-stage peak value offset.Shown in Figure 9 is the relevant relevant envelope power level 902 with the un-activation user code of envelope power level 802 of excited users sign indicating number.
In Fig. 9, arranged in series two-stage peak value offset.For the equivalent peak-to-average power ratio of power amplifier input, to compare with single stage configuration, orthogonal code territory background noise has improved about 4dB.The maximal correlation envelope power of un-activation user code is depicted as pact-31dB on this curve.
By merging the length of window of optimizing the peak value offset function and the method that in multistage, applies the peak value offset function, can obtain the further improvement of un-activation user code related power background noise.
Figure 10 represents the bar chart 1000 of the quadrature code domain power of the telecommunication system after the two-stage peak value offset function of the contrary Hanning window length optimization of combined diagram 4 and Fig. 7.Shown in Figure 10 is the relevant relevant envelope power level 1002 with the un-activation user code of envelope power level 802 of active coding.
In Figure 10, the configuration that does not have the length of window optimization of Fig. 4 with Fig. 7 is compared, and the peak-to-average power ratio of seeing at the power amplifier input has reduced 0.5dB, and orthogonal code territory background noise has improved about 6dB.The maximal correlation envelope power of un-activation user code is reduced to pact-37dB.
For provide redundant and between numerous power amplifiers distribution power equally, increase power matrix to communication system.Power matrix is a series of mixing combiners, and this matrix merges the input signal that is in particular phase angle.The advantage of this configuration is to share average power between power amplifier, and can handle redundant by more a spot of power amplifier.
Figure 11 represents 3 * 3 power matrix system configuration 1100 of prior art.Shown in Figure 11 is power matrix 1102 and 1104, mixes combiner 1106,1108,1110,1112,1114 and 1116 and power amplifier 1118,1120 and 1122.
In Figure 11, it is redundant that three power amplifiers 1118,1120 and 1122 provide in three sector systems.Three power amplifiers 1118,1120 and 1122 each receive input signal of whole three sectors of merging forms from first power matrix 1102.Second power matrix 1104 receives the output of three power amplifiers 1118,1120 and 1122, and amplifying signal is decomposed into the amplification form of original input signal, to generate the output signal of three sectors.If break down in one of power amplifier 1118,1120 and 1122, all three sectors still keep activating, although be in the power of reduction and the signal integrity of reduction.
Power matrix also influences the peak-to-average power ratio of signal of communication.Because each power amplifier receives the merging of each sector communication signal, therefore the peak-to-average power in this merging is than the peak-to-average power ratio that is different from single sector.Following formula illustrates the character of each 3 * 3 power matrix 1102 and 1104:
A＝A
T
y＝A·g·x
z＝A·y＝A·A·g·x
Formula (3)
In formula (3), A represents any of 3 * 3 power matrixs 1102 and 1104; A
TThe matrix transpose of expression A; G represents each gain of three power amplifiers 1118,1120 and 1122; And x is the signal of communication of the input of three power amplifiers 1118,1120 and 1122.
The purpose of peak value offset function is the peak envelope power that is reduced in the signal of communication of power amplifier 1118,1120 and 1122 merging that receive.Therefore, need be illustrated in the baseband signal that the numeral of the signal that the power amplifier input receives generates, in system, to utilize the window weighting function based on power matrix.For example, be the digital power matrix by making first power matrix among Figure 11, with the peak-to-average power ratio of peak-limitation, this constrained signal up-conversion is sent each up-conversion signal to RF and to power amplifier in combined signal, produce baseband signal.Yet under the situation of 4 * 4 power matrixs that three sector communication data are only arranged, this means increases other RF up-conversion path.Another configuration has been shown in figure below, and this is configured in the power matrix configuration and works well.
Figure 12 represents dual digital 4 * 4 power matrix systems 1200, and this system has comprised the minimized peak value offset function of the distribute power that makes in the un-activation user code.Shown in Figure 12 is input signal 1202, digital power matrix 1204 and 1206, peak value offset function 1208, radio-frequency-up-converter 1210, simulated power matrix 1212 and 1214, power amplifier 1216,1218,1220 and 1222 and antenna 1224.
In Figure 12, the first digital power matrix 1204 is used to merge input signal 1202.Input signal 1202 is base band sector datas.Each of four outputs by the peak value offset function 1208 restriction first digital power matrix 1204.Peak value offset function 1208 also can be embodied as the single peak value offset function with a plurality of input and output according to technique known, and term " peak value offset function " is intended to comprise the embodiment of one or more peak value offset function.Peak value offset function 1208 reduces the peak-to-average power of baseband signals and is minimized in the power that distributes on the un-activation user code, for example, and as above with reference to the explanation of figure 4 and Fig. 7.Peak value offset function 1208 can not be programmed for identical peak value offset level or peak value offset level independently, and these grades can be adjusted on independent basis.The output of peak value offset function 1208 sends by the second digital power matrix, limited baseband signal is decomposed into their waveforms separately.Then the signal that decomposes is carried out filtering, be converted to analog signal, and be mixed to tranmitting frequency by radio-frequency-up-converter 1210 and local oscillator.The signal that merges up-conversion then by the first simulated power matrix 1212.Power amplifier 1216,1218,1220 and 1222 up-conversion signals that amplify from the merging of the first simulated power matrix 1212.The second simulated power matrix 1214 decomposes the up-conversion signal that amplifies, and with the signal that generation has same waveform as, these signals are received by the first simulated power matrix 1212, are amplified by the gain of power amplifier 1216,1218,1220 and 1222.The signal that decomposes is passed to antenna 1224 separately then, with each the sector broadcasting to telecommunication system.
Error vector amplitude (EVM) and orthogonal noise that the power matrix configuration of Figure 12 also influences each sector distribute.By dual simulated power matrix, error vector amplitude and orthogonal noise power increase owing to the gain of power matrix and power amplifier and the difference of phase response.Gain causes the some parts of each input signal to mix in output signal with the mismatch of phase place, rather than each input signal perfect reproduction in the output signal of correspondence.The reduction of isolating between the sector be since in the analog channel gain and the difference of phase place cause, this difference causes antenna 1224 places to owe perfect vector washout.In order to keep isolating between the sector, the attainable orthogonal noise performance of this isolation drive can followingly be utilized the balanced analog channel of character matrix.
Figure 13 represents individual digit 3 * 3 power matrix systems 1300, and this system comprises makes the minimized peak value offset function of distribute power in the un-activation user code.Shown in Figure 13 is input signal 1202, digital power matrix 1302, peak value offset function 1304, digital signal 1306, radio-frequency-up-converter 1308, power amplifier 1310, simulated power matrix 1312, analog channel 1314 and antenna 1316.
In the structure of Figure 13, gain that can be by adjusting each corresponding digital signals 1306 in digital power matrix 1302 and phase place are come gain and the phase difference in the compensating analog path 1314, to remove the difference in the analog channel 1314.Gain in the compensating analog path 1314 and phase difference prevent gain and the leading orthogonal code noise power of phase difference in simulated power matrix 1312 and the analog channel 1314 in this manner.In addition, the orthogonal code noise power of each peak value offset function 1304 output is different from the orthogonal code noise power seen at each respective antenna 1316.The difference of orthogonal code noise power is owing to merge signals of communication at the input of peak value offset function 1304 by digital power matrix 1302 and decompose by simulated power matrix 1214 at the input of antenna 1316 then and cause.In order to reduce the orthogonal code noise power between the sector, can adjust the gain and the phase parameter of each peak value offset function 1304 separately, on each analog channel 1314, to produce uniform orthogonal code background noise.Perhaps, can adjust the gain and the phase parameter of each peak value offset function 1304, the orthogonal code noise peak value is moved to different orthogonal users sign indicating numbers.
Figure 14 represents a kind of method flow diagram 1400 that utilizes orthogonal code noise shaping to reduce transmitter peak power requirements.
In step 1404, the orthogonal code sets of telecommunication system is provided, this set comprises set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code.
In step 1406, produce signal of communication from the set of excited users sign indicating number.
In step 1408, produce a plurality of baseband signals of representing the signal of communication summation from the first digital power matrix.
In step 1410, use the peak value offset function to each baseband signal, to reduce peak-to-average power.
In step 1412, the peak power baseband signal that decompose to reduce in the second digital power matrix is with the waveform of the peak power baseband signal of recovering each reduction.
In step 1414, according to known technology, for example by local oscillator and frequency mixer, with the baseband signal up-conversion of each decomposition to radio frequency.
In step 1416, with the conversion of signals of up-conversion to simulation and in the first simulated power matrix, merge.
In step 1418, amplify the up-conversion signal of each merging by radio-frequency power amplifier.
In step 1420, the up-conversion signal that decompose to amplify in the second simulated power matrix is with the waveform of the up-conversion signal that recovers each amplification.
In step 1422, from the amplifying signal of each decomposition of antenna broadcast of telecommunication system.
Step 1424 is exit points of flow chart 1400.
Figure 15 represents the method flow diagram 1500 of peak value offset function length of window among a kind of Figure 14 of adjustment.
Step 1502 is entrances of flow chart 1500.
In step 1504, estimate the length of window of peak value offset function, with peak-to-average power ratio of realizing wishing and the spectral performance of wishing.
In step 1506, use the peak value offset function to generate processed signal to signal of communication.
In step 1508, measure the spectral performance of processed signal according to known technology.
In step 1510, the spectral performance of processed signal and the spectral performance of hope are compared.
In step 1512, when the spectral performance of processed signal was inferior to the spectral performance of hope, this method was proceeded from step 1514.When obtaining the spectral performance of wishing, this method is proceeded from step 1518.
In step 1514, the length of window increase of peak value offset function is had the length of first step sizes, and this method is proceeded from step 1506.
In step 1516, the peak value offset function is applied to signal of communication, to produce processed signal.
In step 1518, measure the peak-to-average power ratio of processed signal according to known technology.
In step 1520, the peak-to-average power of processed signal is compared than the peak-to-average power ratio with hope.
In step 1522, when the peak-to-average power of measuring than greater than the peak-to-average power of hope than the time, this method is proceeded from step 1524.When the peak-to-average power of wishing than the time, this method is proceeded from step 1526.
In step 1524, the length of window of peak value offset function is reduced the length with second step sizes, this second step sizes is less than first step sizes, and this method is proceeded from step 1516.
Step 1526 is exit points of flow chart 1500.
Although with reference to the particular step of carrying out with particular order describe and shown above flowchart text, but under the situation that does not break away from the claim scope, can ignore in these steps some and/or merge, divide once more or these steps of resequencing in some.Unless specialize, the order of step and grouping are not the restriction of other embodiment, and this order and grouping are within the scope of claim.
As from the foregoing, the Energy distribution in the un-activation user code is minimized, this provides a kind of low-cost method of making transmitter, and than operating them in the past more efficiently.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment and using only for illustration purposes, and be not precluded within modification and the distortion of carrying out in the claim scope.
Claims (22)
1. method may further comprise the steps:
The quadrature communications codes set of telecommunication system is provided, and wherein said quadrature communications codes set comprises set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code;
Produce signal of communication from described excited users sign indicating number set; And
By carrying out the peak-to-average power ratio that the peak value offset function reduces described signal of communication for described signal of communication, the peak value offset function make described excited users sign indicating number set and described un-activation user code gather in Energy distribution at least one minimize.
2. the described method of claim 1, wherein said peak value offset function comprises the nonlinear weight function, this nonlinear weight function have be adjusted into make set of described excited users sign indicating number and described un-activation user code gather in the minimized length of window of Energy distribution at least one.
3. the described method of claim 2, wherein said peak value offset function comprise series connection or a plurality of levels in parallel.
4. the described method of claim 1 further comprises step: make the length of window of described peak value offset function progressively elongated with the step-length with first step sizes, up to the spectral performance that obtains to wish.
5. the described method of claim 4, further comprise step: the length of window of described peak value offset function is progressively shortened with step-length with second step sizes, up to the peak-to-average power ratio that obtains to wish, wherein said second step sizes is less than described first step sizes.
6. the described method of claim 1, wherein said peak value offset function comprise series connection or a plurality of levels in parallel.
7. the described method of claim 1 further may further comprise the steps:
Generate the baseband signal of a plurality of merging of expression signal of communication by the first digital power matrix;
Baseband signal for each described merging is carried out the peak value offset function, so that the peak-to-average power signal of reduction to be provided;
The peak-to-average power signal that decomposes described reduction in the second digital power matrix is to provide the baseband signal of decomposition;
The baseband signal of each described decomposition of up-conversion is to provide up-conversion signal;
In the first simulated power matrix, merge described up-conversion signal, so that the up-conversion signal of merging to be provided;
Amplify the up-conversion signal of each described merging, with the up-conversion signal of merging that amplification is provided; And
The up-conversion signal that decomposes the merging of described amplification in second analog matrix is with the up-conversion signal of amplification that decomposition is provided.
8. the described method of claim 7 further comprises step: the up-conversion signal of the amplification by each described decomposition of antenna broadcast.
9. the described method of claim 1 further may further comprise the steps:
Generate the baseband signal of a plurality of merging of representing signal of communication by the individual digit power matrix;
Baseband signal for each described merging is carried out the peak value offset function, so that the peak-to-average power signal of reduction to be provided;
The peak-to-average power signal of each described reduction of up-conversion is to provide the up-conversion signal of merging;
Amplify the up-conversion signal of each described merging, with the up-conversion signal of merging that amplification is provided; And
The up-conversion signal that decomposes the merging of described amplification in single analog matrix is to provide the up-conversion signal of decomposition.
10. the described method of claim 9, wherein, the gain of the baseband signal by in described individual digit power matrix, adjusting each described merging and the gain and the phase difference of the up-conversion signal that phase place compensates each described decomposition.
11. a device comprises:
The orthogonal code sets of telecommunication system, this set comprise set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code;
Signal of communication by described excited users sign indicating number set generation; And
The peak value offset function is used to reduce the peak-to-average power of described signal of communication, wherein said peak value offset function make described excited users sign indicating number set and described un-activation user code gather in Energy distribution at least one minimize.
12. the described device of claim 11, wherein said peak value offset function comprises the nonlinear weight function, this nonlinear weight function have be adjusted into make set of described excited users sign indicating number and described un-activation user code gather in the minimized length of window of Energy distribution at least one.
13. the described device of claim 11 wherein, makes the length of window of described peak value offset function elongated with first step sizes, up to the spectral performance that obtains to wish.
14. the described device of claim 13 wherein, shortens the length of window of described peak value offset function with second step sizes, up to the peak-to-average power ratio that obtains to wish, wherein said second step sizes is less than described first step sizes.
15. the described device of claim 12, wherein said peak value offset function comprise series connection or a plurality of levels in parallel.
16. the described device of claim 11, wherein said peak value offset function comprise series connection or a plurality of levels in parallel.
17. a device comprises:
The orthogonal code sets of telecommunication system, this set comprise set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code;
A plurality of signals of communication by described excited users sign indicating number set generation;
The first digital power matrix is used to receive described signal of communication and is used to generate the baseband signal of a plurality of merging of the described signal of communication summation of representative;
A plurality of peak value offset functions are used to reduce the peak-to-average power of described signal of communication, wherein said peak value offset function make described excited users sign indicating number set and described un-activation user code gather in Energy distribution at least one minimize;
The second digital power matrix, the output that is coupled to described peak value offset function is to provide the baseband signal of decomposition;
A plurality of upconverter are coupled to the described second digital power matrix, are used for the baseband signal of the described decomposition of up-conversion, so that up-conversion signal to be provided;
The first simulated power matrix is coupled to described upconverter, is used to merge described up-conversion signal, so that the up-conversion signal of merging to be provided;
A plurality of amplifiers, the up-conversion signal that is used to amplify each described merging is with the up-conversion signal of merging that amplification is provided; And
Second analog matrix, the up-conversion signal of merging that is used to decompose described amplification is to provide the amplifying signal of decomposition.
18. the described device of claim 17 further comprises the antenna of the amplifying signal that is coupled to each described decomposition.
19. a device comprises:
The orthogonal code sets of telecommunication system, this set comprise set of excited users sign indicating number and the set of un-activation user code;
A plurality of signals of communication by described excited users sign indicating number set generation;
The individual digit power matrix is used to receive described signal of communication and is used to generate the baseband signal of a plurality of merging of the described signal of communication summation of representative;
A plurality of peak value offset functions are used to reduce the peak-to-average power of described signal of communication, wherein said peak value offset function make described excited users sign indicating number set and described un-activation user code gather in Energy distribution at least one minimize;
A plurality of upconverter are coupled to described individual digit power matrix, are used for the baseband signal of the described merging of up-conversion, so that the up-conversion signal of merging to be provided;
A plurality of amplifiers, the up-conversion signal that is used to amplify each described merging is with the up-conversion signal of merging that amplification is provided; And
Single analog matrix, the up-conversion signal of merging that is used to decompose described amplification is with the up-conversion signal of amplification that decomposition is provided.
20. the described device of claim 19 further comprises the antenna of the up-conversion signal of the amplification that is coupled to each described decomposition.
21. the described device of claim 17, the wherein gain and the phase difference of the up-conversion signal of the gain of the baseband signal by in the described first and second digital power matrixes, adjusting each described merging and the amplification that phase place compensates each described decomposition.
22. the described device of claim 19, the wherein gain and the phase difference of the up-conversion signal of the gain of the baseband signal by in described individual digit power matrix, adjusting each described merging and the amplification that phase place compensates each described decomposition.
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| US11/191,572 US7496145B2 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2005-07-28 | Method and apparatus for reducing transmitter peak power requirements with orthogonal code noise shaping |
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| US6807405B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2004-10-19 | Isco International, Inc. | Method and a device for maintaining the performance quality of a code-division multiple access system in the presence of narrow band interference |
| KR101683042B1 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2016-12-06 | 포사이트 비젼4, 인크. | Therapeutic device for pain management and vision |
| US8385483B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2013-02-26 | Isco International, Llc | Self-adaptive digital RF bandpass and bandstop filter architecture |
| EP2490635B1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2017-09-06 | Nexisvision, Inc. | Corneal denervation for treatment of ocular pain |
| US9498385B2 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2016-11-22 | Nexisvision, Inc. | Conformable therapeutic shield for vision and pain |
| US8564922B1 (en) | 2010-07-22 | 2013-10-22 | Adtran, Inc. | System and method for protecting telecommunications device from power faults |
| US8693679B1 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2014-04-08 | Adtran, Inc. | Communications system and associated method for reducing power consumption of a telecommunications device |
| JP4941597B2 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-05-30 | 富士通株式会社 | Peak suppression method, peak suppression device, and wireless transmission device |
| US12044905B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2024-07-23 | Journey1 Inc | Contact lenses for refractive correction |
| US9319916B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-04-19 | Isco International, Llc | Method and appartus for signal interference processing |
| US9331882B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2016-05-03 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Crest factor reduction of carrier aggregated signals |
| CA2916885A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-31 | Nexisvision, Inc. | Contact lenses for refractive correction |
| US9794888B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2017-10-17 | Isco International, Llc | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of a communication link of a communication node |
| EP3651386B1 (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2023-08-23 | ISCO International, LLC | Method and apparatus for increasing the performance of communication paths for communication nodes |
| WO2017210056A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Isco International, Llc | Method and apparatus for performing signal conditioning to mitigate interference detected in a communication system |
| US10298279B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2019-05-21 | Isco International, Llc | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of communication paths for communication nodes |
| US10284313B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2019-05-07 | Isco International, Llc | Method and apparatus for monitoring, detecting, testing, diagnosing and/or mitigating interference in a communication system |
| US10812121B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2020-10-20 | Isco International, Llc | Method and apparatus for detecting and analyzing passive intermodulation interference in a communication system |
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| US5215099A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1993-06-01 | Ralph Haberl | System and method for predicting cardiac arrhythmia utilizing frequency informatiton derived from multiple segments of the late QRS and the ST portion |
| US5381449A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1995-01-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Peak to average power ratio reduction methodology for QAM communications systems |
| US5287387A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1994-02-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Low splatter peak-to-average signal reduction |
| JPH07261797A (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-10-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Signal encoding device and signal decoding device |
| US5638403A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-06-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Low-splatter peak-to-average signal reduction with interpolation |
| US5805584A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-09-08 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Multi-user acquisition procedure for point-to-multipoint synchronous CDMA systems |
| US5991262A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1999-11-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing peak-to-average power ratio of a composite carrier signal |
| FI20011238A0 (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | Nokia Corp | Method for limiting the signal and transmitter |
| US7020215B2 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2006-03-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing transmitter peak power requirements using dual matrices |
| US7012970B2 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2006-03-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing transmitter peak power requirements |
| US6654315B1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-11-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Sonar display system and method |
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| CN101114856B (en) | 2012-08-08 |
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| JP2007037155A (en) | 2007-02-08 |
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