CN101111160A - Vaccinium injection molding - Google Patents
Vaccinium injection molding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101111160A CN101111160A CNA2005800453049A CN200580045304A CN101111160A CN 101111160 A CN101111160 A CN 101111160A CN A2005800453049 A CNA2005800453049 A CN A2005800453049A CN 200580045304 A CN200580045304 A CN 200580045304A CN 101111160 A CN101111160 A CN 101111160A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- animal
- blueberry
- additive
- resin
- starch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention contemplates animal chews and the use of vaccinium as an additive in animal chews. The animal chew may be formulated from a resin and a vaccinium additive, wherein the resin may be either a starch, thermoplastic, casein, denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen and mixtures thereof.
Description
Cross reference for related application
The novel application serial no of U.S. utility that the application's request was submitted on November 22nd, 2004 is 10/995,028 priority, and the instruction of this application is incorporated by reference in this text examines.
Invention field
The present invention relates to animal's chewing matter and animal chew additive.More specifically, according to edibility and/or plastic type carrier components, the present invention relates to the application of blueberry (vaccinium) powder in edibility or non-edibility animal's chewing matter.
Background technology
Most of dogs all like chewing different article with other animal pets, and a lot of animal all misses potter the attraction of the chew toys of animal bone and animal derived.Having produced a variety of products is used for animal pets and chews or bite.The purpose of these products is caused demands when satisfying the pet food that is modified when natural pet food, raw meat and substituting, and provides exercise to keep its dental health situation to pet.For example, can provide the chance of friction in order to the riem in the two ends knotting of copying bone by eliminating tartar and massage gum, reaching the purpose of cleaning teeth, and that this is conventional dog grain is inaccessiable.
A lot of pet chaws have been developed now to adapt to various teeth and nutrition condition.The example of these products includes but not limited to following United States Patent (USP).These patents belong to these obligees usually: United States Patent (USP) 5,476,069, and name is called " model rawhide chew toys "; The U.S. Patent application 08/923,070 of application on September 3rd, 1997, name is called " based on the dog chaw of vegetables ", is United States Patent (USP) 6,093 now, and 427; The U.S. Patent application 08/738,423 of application on October 25th, 1997, name is called " edible dog chaw ", is United States Patent (USP) 5,827 now, and 565; The U.S. Patent application 08/784,834 of application on January 17th, 1997, name is called " based on the dog chaw of carrot ", is United States Patent (USP) 5,941 now, and 197; The U.S. Patent application 09/114,872 of application on July 14th, 1998, name is called " thermal deformation edible dog chaw ", is United States Patent (USP) 6,180 now, and 161; The U.S. Patent application 09/138,804 of application on August 21st, 1998, name is called " improved edible dog chaw ", is United States Patent (USP) 6,126 now, and 978; The U.S. Patent application 09/116,070 of application on July 15th, 1998, name is called the " wheat with plasticity quality; Casein dog chaw ", be United States Patent (USP) 6,110 now, 521; The U.S. Patent application 09/116,555 of application on July 15th, 1998, name is called " thermal deformation peanut dog chaw ", is United States Patent (USP) 6,093 now, and 441; The U.S. Patent application 09/227,767 of application on January 8th, 1999, name is called " the one-tenth modeling method of edible starch ", is United States Patent (USP) 6,159 now, and 516; And United States Patent (USP) 6,200,616, name is called " animal's chewing matter ".
Name is called the United States Patent (USP) 5 of " pet chew product with MC character ", 407,661 disclose a kind of edible pet chew product of the elastic cell's of containing matrix, wherein contain for example corncob part of cellulosic fibrous material, according to its description, corncob has the mechanicalness cleaning function when pet chew.
The example of the chewing article that other are more early stage is disclosed in the United States Patent (USP) 3 of Axelrod application, 871,334 (nylon matrix that comprise liquid flavouring agent and flavor component), the United States Patent (USP) 4,771 of Axelrod application, 733 (the polyurethane toys that comprise water-based flavouring agent and flavor component), and the United States Patent (USP) 4,557,219 and 4 of Edwards application, in 513,014 (application of flavouring agent in model polyurethane dog chaw).
But European patent 0272968B1 discloses a kind of chewing article for dog and the use of other domestic animals, wherein use specific aqueous solution soaking rawhide, beef tendon or the ligament of oral cavity nursing agent, described oral care agent for example is sodium fluoride (anti-caries agent), Sodium Benzoate (anticalculus agents) and bromochlorobenzene (antiseptic/anti-plaque agent).Then with the product drying of solution-treated, thereby oral cavity nursing agent is absorbed in the product surface and goes.
Above-mentioned summary according to prior art can readily understand, particularly aspect the dog chaw, people have made various effort at development animal pets chaw.These chaws have gratifying nutrition, can digest, not have toxicity additive and/or plasticity quality or hardness.
An object of the present invention is to improve and animal pets the chaw particularly nutrition of dog chaw and the field of dentistry supply composition of providing be provided.
In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide the still undocumented additive that can be used as above-mentioned starch media flavor enhancement and colouring agent simultaneously in a kind of prior art.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of additive that can replenish antioxidant to the auxotype pet chaw.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect, the invention provides a kind of animal's chewing matter that comprises resin and blueberry additive, wherein resin is selected from by by the collagen of starch, thermoplastic, casein, sex change and partial hydrolysis, gluten, rawhide, the group that can become mould albumen and composition thereof to form.
According to another aspect, the invention provides a kind of method for preparing molded animal's chewing matter, comprise resin and blueberry additive are provided that wherein resin is selected from by by the collagen of starch, thermoplastic, casein, sex change and partial hydrolysis, gluten, rawhide, the group that can become mould albumen and composition thereof to form; Hybrid resin and blueberry additive are to obtain a kind of mixture; Mixture is imported in the melt mixer, mix, make mixture form desired shapes.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to animal's chewing matter and animal chew additive.In more detail, according to edibility and/or plastic type carrier components, the present invention relates to blueberry is joined in edibility or the non-edibility animal's chewing matter.
A specific embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of animal's chewing matter, comprising starch and blueberry additive.Preferably, the blueberry additive is blueberry fruit (blueberry) powder.More preferably, this blueberry fruit additive places blueberry fruit concentrate on the maltodextrin carrier and makes.More preferably, blueberry will provide antioxidation to animal's chewing matter.In the present invention, blueberry content is about 0.1-40% (wt.), can change to some extent in this scope.
Blueberry is except having described nutritive value, and what also must pay special attention to is, the blueberry powder has also replenished unique outward appearance and color to chew product, and it is a color for seawater.It is believed that blueberry also has the taste that attracts pet, therefore this processing all is desirable for various pets.
Preferably, starch is made up of any carbohydrate of natural or plant origin, mainly is made up of amylase and/or amylopectin.More preferably, starch can obtain from potato, rice, cassava, corn, rye, oat or wheat separation.According to hint that above content of starch is 99%-60% (wt.), can change to some extent in this scope.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, thermoplastic (polyurethane, polyamide, ethylene copolymer) or thermoplastic for example polyesteramide can mix mutually with blueberry.The consumption of blueberry is about 0.1-40% (wt.), and the consumption of thermoplastic is about 99%-60% (wt), can change to some extent in this scope.Most preferably, thermoplastic is the fatty polyamide ester, Combination aliphatic/aromatic polyesteramide, aromatic polyamide ester and composition thereof.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, in the blueberry animal's chewing matter of edibility (starch) or plastics kind, can use a lot of additives.Preferably, these additives comprise attractant or wetting agent.More preferably, can use attractant for example is chicken powder, liver powder, ham, turkey, beef or fish.Equally, more preferably use common oats fibre, D-sorbite, glycerine or propane diols as wetting agent.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a kind of method for preparing molded animal's chewing matter, comprise mixing starch (perhaps thermoplastic) and blueberry additive, form mixture; Mixture is imported melt mixer for example in extruder or the injection-molded equipment and mix, form mixture.Correspondingly, this mixture can form desired shapes by extruding or injection-molded technology.More preferably, mixture can form desired shapes such as bone, disk, club or ring by injection-molded.
Described in this article fusion process, its preferred fusion mixture is to carry out under such condition: any thermal degradation of blueberry all can substantially be reduced to minimum or can be avoided.In this case, moisture also is comprised in the mixture, and its level is 1-40% (wt), comprises that in this scope each increment changes, and the level of moisture optionally is reduced to desirable level between melting stage.Like this, moisture can make fusion process carry out under lower temperature, thereby can minimize or avoid the thermal degradation of blueberry.
In particularly preferred animal chew toy preparation method of this paper, at first mixing starch, water and blueberry, wherein the content of water is the 20-40% of described starch weight.Then mixture is imported in the open type extruder (vented barrel extruder), form the bead extrude, the water content when wherein the water content when discharging is lower than described mixture and enters extruder.
Then the described bead of extruding is imported in the injection molding machine of the heating that comprises mould, and injection moulding and cooling, to form mechanograph, the water content of wherein said mechanograph is or is lower than about 20 weight %, wherein said injection molding machine comprises accumulator feeding part, machine barrel and outlet nozzle, comprising a plurality of thermals treatment zone from accumulator part to the machine barrel between described nozzle, comprise a plurality of thermals treatment zone from feeding part to described outlet area, wherein the described thermal treatment zone be set in the following temperature range: 1 district: for or be lower than about 70 ; 2 districts for or be lower than about 150 ; 3 districts for or be lower than about 300 ; 4 districts for or be lower than about 375 .Melt-blended, Cheng Mo and cooling with the process that forms described chew toys in, water content is the 5%-20% of resin in the described chew toys, can guarantee that like this blueberry of wherein mixing can thermal degradation when becoming mould.
Above-mentioned explanation is used for setting forth and explaining the present invention.Yet above-mentioned explanation is not appreciated that it is restriction for claim the present invention for required protection scope.
Claims (33)
1. an animal's chewing matter wherein comprises resin and blueberry additive.
2. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resin is selected from by the collagen of starch, thermoplastic, casein, sex change and partial hydrolysis, gluten, rawhide, protein and composition thereof.
3. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resin are about 60-99 weight %, and described blueberry additive is about 1-40 weight %.
4. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said blueberry additive comprise blueberry fruit powder.
5. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 4, wherein said blueberry additive place blueberry fruit concentrate on the maltodextrin carrier and make.
6. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resin is a starch, this starch is made up of any carbohydrate of natural or plant origin, is made up of amylase and/or amylopectin.
7. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 6, wherein said starch is selected from the group of being made up of potato, rice, tapioca starch, corn, rye, oat or wheat.
8. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resin is selected from the group of being made up of polyurethane, polyamide, ethylene copolymer, polyesteramide and composition thereof.
9. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 8, wherein said polyesteramide are selected from by the fatty polyamide ester, Combination aliphatic/aromatic polyesteramide, the group that aromatic polyamide ester and composition thereof is formed.
10. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, it also further comprises attractant.
11. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 10, wherein said attractant are selected from the group of being made up of chicken powder, liver powder, ham, turkey, beef or the flesh of fish.
12. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, it also further comprises wetting agent.
13. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 12, wherein said wetting agent is selected from the group of being made up of common oats fibre, D-sorbite, glycerine, propane diols and composition thereof.
14. animal's chewing matter as claimed in claim 1, the shape of wherein said animal's chewing matter is similar to bone, pole, disk or ring.
15. an animal's chewing matter that comprises starch, water and blueberry additive, wherein water content is about 1-40% (wt.), and described blueberry additive is about 0.1-40% (wt).
16. a method that forms the molded animal chew thing comprises: resin and blueberry additive are provided; Mix described resin and blueberry additive, form mixture; Mixture is imported in the melt mixer, mix; Form described mixture.
17. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein said resin is selected from the group of being made up of the collagen of starch, thermoplastic, casein, sex change and partial hydrolysis, gluten, rawhide, protein and composition thereof.
18. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16, wherein said resin content are about 60-99 weight %, described blueberry additive is about 0.1-40 weight %.
19. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16, wherein said blueberry additive are blueberry fruit powder.
20. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 19, wherein said blueberry additive place blueberry fruit concentrate on the maltodextrin carrier and make.
21. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 17, wherein said starch is made up of any carbohydrate of natural or plant origin, mainly is made up of amylase and/or amylopectin.
22. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 21, wherein said starch is selected from the group of being made up of potato, rice, tapioca, corn, rye, oat or wheat.
23. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 17, wherein said thermoplastic is selected from the group of being made up of polyurethane, polyamide, ethylene copolymer, polyesteramide and composition thereof.
24. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 23, wherein said terylene are selected from by the fatty polyamide ester, Combination aliphatic/aromatic polyesteramide, the group that aromatic polyamide ester and composition thereof is formed.
25. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16, it also further comprises attractant, and mixes described attractant to form described mixture.
26. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 25, wherein said attractant are selected from the group of being made up of chicken powder, liver powder, ham, turkey, beef or the flesh of fish.
27. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16, it also further comprises wetting agent, and mixes described wetting agent to form described mixture.
28. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 25, wherein said wetting agent is selected from the group of being made up of common oats fibre, D-sorbite, glycerine, propane diols and composition thereof.
29. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 17, water wherein also further is provided, be about 1-40% (wt.) with respect to the resin water content, resin Composition is provided, content is about 60-99% (wt)., wherein said resin is starch and blueberry additive, and content is 0.1-40% (wt.).
30. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16 also further comprises described mixture injection moulding.
31. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16 also further is included in the described mixture of formation and before described mixture is expelled in the mould.
32. the method for formation molded animal chew thing toy as claimed in claim 16, the wherein said thermal treatment zone is set in the following temperature range: 1 district: for or be lower than about 70 ; 2 districts for or be lower than about 150 ; 3 districts for or be lower than about 300 ; 4 districts for or be lower than about 375 .
33. the method for formation molded animal chew thing as claimed in claim 16, wherein said mixture forms is shaped as bone, pole, disk or ring.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/995,028 US20060110501A1 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | Vaccinium injection molding |
| US10/995,028 | 2004-11-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101111160A true CN101111160A (en) | 2008-01-23 |
Family
ID=36461226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005800453049A Pending CN101111160A (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2005-11-22 | Vaccinium injection molding |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060110501A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1814806A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101111160A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005309556A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2588458A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006058110A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050008759A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | Li Nie | Grain protein-based formulations and methods of using same |
| US20180325145A1 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2018-11-15 | Mars, Incorporated | Edible pet chew and method of making the same |
| WO2008011543A1 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | Mgp Ingredients, Inc. | Grain protein formulations that provide clean release from molding surfaces, and associated methods |
| US20080206405A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Pet Treat Containing Organic Nutrients |
| US20090151649A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-18 | Summit Applied Technologies, Inc. | Chewable animal toy |
| EP2331047A4 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-10-30 | Schulman A Inc | Optimized flavored polymeric compositions |
| US20110230587A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2011-09-22 | A. Schulman, Inc. | Flavored polymeric articles |
| RU2683680C2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-01 | Марс, Инкорпорейтед | Edible pet chew and method of making same |
| US10973243B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2021-04-13 | Hills Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Animal food product for dental efficacy, methods of manufacture and use |
| GB201701417D0 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2017-03-15 | Mars Inc | Pet food |
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| US3871334A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-03-18 | Herbert R Axelrod | Pet toy |
| US4513014A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1985-04-23 | Edwards Philip L | Chewable toy for animal |
| US4557219A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1985-12-10 | Edwards Philip L | Chewable toy for animal |
| US4771733A (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1988-09-20 | Axelrod Herbert R | Chewable object having flavor or odor extract incorporated therein |
| FR2607704B1 (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1990-05-04 | Boyer Danielle | HYGIENE PRODUCT, PARTICULARLY FOR THE DENTURE CARE OF DOGS |
| US4975270A (en) * | 1987-04-21 | 1990-12-04 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Elastomer encased active ingredients |
| US4775477A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1988-10-04 | General Foods Corporation | Cranberry color extraction |
| US5296209A (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1994-03-22 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Pet chew product having oral care properties |
| US5476069A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1995-12-19 | Axelrod; Herbert R. | Molded rawhide chew toy |
| US5800850A (en) * | 1995-07-07 | 1998-09-01 | Nestec S.A. | Process for reducing spoilage of sterilized liquid products |
| US6093427A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2000-07-25 | T.F.H.Publications, Inc. | Vegetable-based dog chew |
| US6180161B1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2001-01-30 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Heat modifiable edible dog chew |
| US5827565A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-10-27 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Process for making an edible dog chew |
| US5941197A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-08-24 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Carrot-based dog chew |
| US6110521A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2000-08-29 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Wheat and casein dog chew with modifiable texture |
| US6126978A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2000-10-03 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Edible dog chew |
| US6200616B1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2001-03-13 | Tfh Publications, Inc. | Animal chew |
| EP0891719A1 (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-01-20 | N.V. Nutricia | Nutritional composition containing methionine |
| US6379725B1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2002-04-30 | Natural Polymer International Corporation | Protein-based chewable pet toy |
| US6093441A (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-07-25 | Tfh Publications, Inc. | Heat modifiable peanut dog chew |
| GB9815634D0 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 1998-09-16 | Mars Uk Ltd | Animal food composition |
| US6156355A (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-12-05 | Star-Kist Foods, Inc. | Breed-specific canine food formulations |
| US6159516A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-12-12 | Tfh Publication, Inc. | Method of molding edible starch |
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| US6620452B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-09-16 | American Fruit And Flavors | Food additives having enlarged concentration of phenolics extracted from fruits and vegetables and process of obtaining the same |
| US6586027B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2003-07-01 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Health chew toy |
| US20030031734A1 (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2003-02-13 | Rosen Robert T. | Extracts of blueberries with anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties |
| US8591964B2 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2013-11-26 | Denali Biotechnologies, Inc. | Vaccinium species compositions |
| US6821538B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-11-23 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Blends of starch and aliphatic-aromatic based polyester resins |
| US20040086616A1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-06 | Mgp Ingredients, Inc. | Extrusion processed starch-based, long lasting dog chew product |
-
2004
- 2004-11-22 US US10/995,028 patent/US20060110501A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-11-22 CN CNA2005800453049A patent/CN101111160A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-22 CA CA002588458A patent/CA2588458A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-22 AU AU2005309556A patent/AU2005309556A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-22 EP EP05852099A patent/EP1814806A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-22 WO PCT/US2005/042525 patent/WO2006058110A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006058110A2 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| CA2588458A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| US20060110501A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
| EP1814806A2 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
| WO2006058110A3 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| AU2005309556A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
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Open date: 20080123 |