CN101110784A - Method and apparatus for mixed routing in wireless mesh network - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for mixed routing in wireless mesh network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a routing management method of a wireless mesh network: a routing information of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network is maintained; a unicast routing request message transmitted by a source MESH node is received; a routing response message is transmitted by the source MESH node, the response message comprises a routing information arriving the destination website subordinate of a destination MESH node, with the aim that the source MESH node source website subordinate transmits messages to the destination MESH node destination website subordinate. The present invention establishes the routing between the MESH nodes in advance in network, the routing information of the STA is not needed to be maintained by a RA-OLSR, but is realized through the unicast routing request message of an HWMP, the complexity of a RA-OLSR is decreased, the broadcasting flooding process of the HWMP routing request is avoided, and the network protocol overhead is lightened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, relate in particular to and mix method for routing and equipment in a kind of wireless mesh network.
Background technology
WLAN (Wireless Local Access Network, WLAN (wireless local area network)) provides a kind of wireless connections service of local area network (LAN).Because wireless data access at a high speed can be provided, WLAN is one of relatively more popular technology of present IT industry, also is popular wireless access way.WLAN adopts centralized AC (Access Controller, wireless controller)-AP (Access Point, WAP (wireless access point)) framework usually.AC provides the centralized management of wlan network, and AP then adds wlan network and the wireless access service is provided by setting up link with AC.
Concentrate the WLAN framework at CAPWAP (Control and Provisioning of Wireless AccessPoints, wireless access point control and regulation) clearly definition arranged in the agreement, this protocol description the division of WLAN function on AP equipment and AC equipment, and defined communication protocol between AP and the AC.Communication protocol between AC-AP is at present: seek AC after AP powers on, if AC is interconnected with two layers of AP, then can find AC by broadcasting packet, if AC is interconnected by three layers with AP, then need be by other agreements such as DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP), DNS (Domain Name Server, name server) obtains the information of AC, sets up CAPWAP tunnel with AC then.
HWMP (Hybrid Wireless MESH Protocol, hybrid wireless mesh network agreement) is the Routing Protocol that solves in the WLAN protocol family in the Wireless MESH network, defines in 802.11s.This agreement comes from AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing, self network organized and distance vector) agreement, is the distance vector protocol of data-driven.Be characterized in the maintenance on demand routing iinformation, concrete implementation procedure comprises: need send to destination when the source end has data, and the source end is not when arriving the route of destination, the source end obtains the route of destination by sending route request information; After destination is received the route requests that the source end sends, respond route replies message.This method has farthest reduced the routing iinformation quantity of safeguarding, the expense of Routing Protocol is less, but owing to when not having route, need to carry out the route learning search procedure, has increased the propagation delay time of data.
802.11s the sight that Routing Protocol is attempted to solve is that all nodes all move in the network, and can both dynamically keep in any way and the getting in touch of other nodes, network node can move everywhere, also startup and shutdown at any time, these all can make topology of networks change at any time.Present popular MESH framework is based on AC-MP's, and the MESH access point is fixed usually.As shown in Figure 1: comprising: MP (MESH Point, the MESH point), MPP (MESH Point collocated witha mesh Portal, the MESH point of configuration MESH inlet), MAP (MESH Access Point, MESH access point) and STA (Station, website).MAP realizes that STA inserts the function of MESH network, and MPP realizes the IWF of MESH network and external network.
Pass through HWMP agreement or RA-OLSR (Radio Aware Optimize LinkStatus Route in the prior art, radio frequency sensing and optimizing Link State route) the broadcasting route requests is obtained route, for the user of rolling off the production line on frequent, routing iinformation will frequently change, and can cause bigger network burden.In addition, though the RA-OLSR agreement can make up the route between the MESH network node easily, the mobility of STA can cause the synchronous of the whole network routing iinformation, has sharply increased RA-OLSR agreement burden, also can cause agreement invalid under a stable condition.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and mix method for routing and equipment in a kind of wireless mesh network,, avoid the broadcasting inundation process of route requests message, reduce the procotol burden with the complexity that reduces.
The invention provides the route management method in a kind of wireless mesh network, be applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprise at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes, said method comprising the steps of:
The routing iinformation of other MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described inbound port MESH node maintenance wireless mesh network;
After described inbound port MESH node receives the unicast route request messages of source MESH node, provide the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for described source MESH node;
MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source sends message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website.
The routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate specifically comprises in the described inbound port MESH node maintenance wireless mesh network:
Described inbound port MESH node and other MESH nodes get access to the route of all MESH nodes in the wireless mesh network;
Other MESH nodes have judged whether that website adds, if having, then send route agent's update inquiry information to described inbound port MESH node, are included in the routing iinformation of described MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described request message.
After sending route agent's update inquiry information, described inbound port MESH node also comprises:
Described inbound port MESH node returns route agent to described MESH node and upgrades acknowledge message.
Described MESH node judges whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends described route agent update inquiry information.
The invention provides the route management method of inbound port MESH node in a kind of wireless mesh network, be applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprise at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH node, said method comprising the steps of:
Safeguard the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network;
The singlecast router request message that reception sources MESH node sends;
Send the route replies message to described source MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website in the described response message, send message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source.
The described routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network of safeguarding specifically comprises:
Get access to the route of other MESH nodes in the wireless mesh network;
Receive route agent's update inquiry information of MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of described MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described request message.
The route agent's update inquiry information that receives the MESH node also comprises afterwards:
Return route agent to described MESH node and upgrade acknowledge message.
The present invention also provides the route management method of MESH node in a kind of wireless mesh network, is applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprises at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes, said method comprising the steps of:
Get access to the route of other MESH nodes in the wireless mesh network;
The routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, for the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance;
Receive the message of described website, obtain purpose website routing iinformation, described message is sent to described purpose website according to described purpose website routing iinformation from described inbound port MESH node.
Described routing iinformation clean culture with websites subordinate sends to described inbound port MESH node and specifically comprises:
Judged whether that website adds,, then sent route agent's update inquiry information, carried the routing iinformation of described website in the described request message to described inbound port MESH node if having.
Describedly after sending route agent's update inquiry information, inbound port MESH node also comprises:
Judge whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends described route agent update inquiry information.
The present invention also provides a kind of wireless mesh network, comprises a plurality of MESH nodes, comprises at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes,
Described inbound port MESH node, be used for safeguarding the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate of wireless mesh network, and after the unicast route request messages that receives source MESH node, provide the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for described source MESH node;
Described other MESH nodes, be used for the routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, supply the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance, and message is sent to described purpose website according to the purpose website routing iinformation that obtains from described inbound port MESH node.
Wherein, inbound port MESH node comprises:
The routing iinformation maintenance unit is used for safeguarding the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate of wireless mesh network;
The request message receiving element is used for the unicast route request messages that reception sources MESH node sends;
The response message transmitting element, be used for sending route replies message to described source MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website in the described response message, send message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source.
Described routing iinformation maintenance unit specifically comprises:
The route acquisition subelement is used for getting access to the route of other MESH nodes of wireless mesh network;
Routing iinformation is safeguarded subelement, is used to receive route agent's update inquiry information of MESH node, is included in the routing iinformation of described MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described request message.
Described routing iinformation maintenance unit also comprises:
Updating route information is confirmed subelement, is used for returning route agent to described MESH node and upgrades acknowledge message.
The MESH node comprises:
The route acquisition unit is used for getting access to the route of other MESH nodes of wireless mesh network;
Routing iinformation reports the unit, is used for the routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, for the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance;
The message retransmission unit is used to receive the message that website sends, and obtains purpose website routing iinformation from described inbound port MESH node, according to described purpose website routing iinformation described message is sent to described purpose website.
Described routing iinformation reports the unit specifically to comprise:
Website adds determines subelement, is used to judge whether that website adds;
Upgrade message and send subelement, it is fashionable to be used to have website to add, and sends route agent's update inquiry information to described inbound port MESH node, carries the routing iinformation of described website in the described request message.
Described routing iinformation reports the unit also to comprise:
Acknowledge message receives subelement, is used to judge whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends described route agent update inquiry information.
Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
In the embodiments of the invention, advantage in conjunction with HWMP and RA-OLSR, in network, set up the route between the MESH node in advance, RA-OLSR does not need to safeguard the routing iinformation of STA, but realize by the singlecast router request message of HWMP, reduce the complexity of RA-OLSR, avoided the broadcasting inundation process of HWMP route requests message, reduced the procotol burden.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a MESH schematic network structure in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is a route management method flow chart in the wireless mesh network in the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 3 is inbound port MESH node structure figure in the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 4 is MESH node structure figure in the embodiment of the invention three.
Embodiment
Core concept of the present invention is: the route of setting up each MESH node in the MESH network by the RA-OLSR agreement in advance, after each MESH node adds STA, route agent's update inquiry information by clean culture, the routing iinformation of STA is sent to PORTAL (inbound port MESH) node in the MESH network, safeguard the routing iinformation of all websites in the wireless mesh network at PORTAL.In the message repeating process, source MESH node removes to obtain the routing iinformation of purpose website by the route request information of clean culture to PORTAL, and message is transmitted to the purpose MESH node of correspondence.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail:
Route management method in a kind of wireless mesh network of the present invention is applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprises at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes, and this method may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 2:
Step s201, all MESH nodes in the MESH network (including port MESH and common MESH node) are generated to the route of other MESH nodes by the RA-OLSR agreement.Detailed process comprises: source end MESH node requires to obtain the routing iinformation of destination MESH node by sending route request information to destination MESH node; After destination MESH node is received the route request information that source end MESH node sends, respond route replies message, carrying the routing iinformation of the end MESH node that achieves the goal in this message; The routing iinformation that source end MESH node will be learnt is stored, and uses during for the transmission data.
Step s202, to find have website to add fashionable for any MAP in the wireless mesh network, can the routing iinformation of this website be sent to inbound port MESH node by route agent's update inquiry information, safeguard the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network for it.For example,, when STA1 need add this MESH node, send route agent's update inquiry information, oneself routing iinformation clean culture is sent to the PORTAL node to the PORTAL node for MAP1; After the PORTAL node is received route agent's update inquiry information, respond route agent to this MESH node and upgrade acknowledge message, safeguarded the routing iinformation of its up-to-date associated stations to notify this MESH node; Do not upgrade acknowledge message if receive the route agent that the PORTAL node returns within a certain period of time, may break down or PORTAL node reason such as break down causes the PORTAL node not safeguard up-to-date website routing iinformation owing to link, therefore, need resend this route agent's update inquiry information, until receiving acknowledge message, or reach the predetermined number of times (confirming to have taken place expendable fault) that sends.
In addition, if there are a plurality of PORTAL nodes in the MESH network, route agent's update inquiry information can be sent to all PORTAL nodes, also can send to wherein several PORTAL nodes, one of them is as main PORTAL node, other improve the fail safe in the network as backup PORTAL node.
Step s203, through after the above-mentioned route learning process, all nodes in the MESH network have all been safeguarded the route of other MESH nodes, simultaneously, MPP (PORTAL) node maintenance the routing iinformation of all websites.Source MESH node receives the message of websites subordinate, judge the route that whether has the purpose website in this MESH node,, directly described message clean culture is being sent to the purpose website according to this route if exist, if there is no, then send route request information to the PORTAL node.
Step s204, the singlecast router request message that PORTAL node reception sources MESH node sends; Send the route replies message to described source MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website in the described response message, send message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source.
Step s205, source MESH node sends to described purpose website according to described purpose website routing iinformation with described message.Certainly, source MESH node also can will be stored to the routing iinformation of this purpose website, transmits for subsequent packet and directly calls.
Step s201 and step s202 are the routing iinformation maintenance processes, and step s203 is the message repeating process to step s205, and for example STA1 wishes that repeating process is as follows with STA2 communication: it is that the message of STA2 is to MAP1 that STA1 sends destination address; MAP1 can not find the route of STA2, sends the singlecast router request message to the PORTAL node, obtains the route of STA2; After the PORTAL node is received the singlecast router request, respond the route replies message and give MAP1, the route replies message covers the purpose MAP2 of STA2; After MAP1 received the route replies that PORTAL returns, the route according to purpose MAP2 finds MAP2 sent to MAP2 with message; MAP2 transmits message and gives STA2.
The present invention also provides a kind of wireless mesh network, comprise a plurality of MESH nodes, comprise at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH node, described inbound port MESH node, be used for safeguarding the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate of wireless mesh network, and after the unicast route request messages that receives source MESH node, provide the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for described source MESH node; Described other MESH nodes, be used for the routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, supply the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance, and message is sent to described purpose website according to the purpose website routing iinformation that obtains from described inbound port MESH node.
Wherein, inbound port MESH node comprises as shown in Figure 3: routing iinformation maintenance unit 10 is used for safeguarding the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate of wireless mesh network; Request message receiving element 20 is used for the unicast route request messages that reception sources MESH node sends; Response message transmitting element 30, be used for sending route replies message to source MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website in the response message, send message to purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for MESH node subordinate Source Site, source.
Routing iinformation maintenance unit 10 specifically comprises: route acquisition subelement 11 is used for getting access to the route of other MESH nodes of wireless mesh network; Routing iinformation is safeguarded subelement 12, is used to receive route agent's update inquiry information of MESH node, is included in the routing iinformation of MESH nodes websites subordinate in the request message; Updating route information is confirmed subelement 13, is used for returning route agent to the MESH node and upgrades acknowledge message.
The MESH node comprises as shown in Figure 4: route acquisition unit 100 is used for getting access to the route of other MESH nodes of wireless mesh network; Routing iinformation reports unit 200, is used for the routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to inbound port MESH node, infeeds the routing iinformation of all websites of port MESH node maintenance; Message retransmission unit 300 is used to receive the message that website sends, and obtains purpose website routing iinformation from inbound port MESH node, according to purpose website routing iinformation message is sent to the purpose website.
Routing iinformation reports unit 200 specifically to comprise: website adds determines subelement 210, is used to judge whether that website adds; Upgrade message and send subelement 220, it is fashionable to be used to have website to add, and sends route agent's update inquiry information to inbound port MESH node, carries the routing iinformation of website in the request message; Acknowledge message receives subelement 230, is used to judge whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends route agent's update inquiry information.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the present invention and can realize by the mode that software adds essential general hardware platform, can certainly pass through hardware, but the former is better execution mode under a lot of situation.Based on such understanding, the part that technical scheme of the present invention contributes to prior art in essence in other words can embody with the form of software product, this computer software product is stored in the storage medium, comprise that some instructions are with so that a computer equipment (can be a personal computer, server, the perhaps network equipment etc.) carry out the method for each embodiment of the present invention.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. the route management method in the wireless mesh network is applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprises at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
The routing iinformation of other MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described inbound port MESH node maintenance wireless mesh network;
After described inbound port MESH node receives the unicast route request messages of source MESH node, provide the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for described source MESH node;
MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source sends message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website.
2. the route management method in the wireless mesh network according to claim 1 is characterized in that the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate specifically comprises in the described inbound port MESH node maintenance wireless mesh network:
Described inbound port MESH node and other MESH nodes get access to the route of all MESH nodes in the wireless mesh network;
Other MESH nodes have judged whether that website adds, if having, then send route agent's update inquiry information to described inbound port MESH node, are included in the routing iinformation of described MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described request message.
3. as the route management method in the wireless mesh network as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that, after described inbound port MESH node sends route agent's update inquiry information, also comprise:
Described inbound port MESH node returns route agent to described MESH node and upgrades acknowledge message.
4. as the route management method in the wireless mesh network as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that,
Described MESH node judges whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends described route agent update inquiry information.
5. the route management method of inbound port MESH node in the wireless mesh network, be applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprise at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH node, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Safeguard the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network;
The singlecast router request message that reception sources MESH node sends;
Send the route replies message to described source MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website in the described response message, send message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source.
6. as the route management method of inbound port MESH node in the wireless mesh network as described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that the described routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network of safeguarding specifically comprises:
Get access to the route of other MESH nodes in the wireless mesh network;
Receive route agent's update inquiry information of MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of described MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described request message.
7. as the route management method of inbound port MESH node in the wireless mesh network as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that, also comprise after receiving route agent's update inquiry information of MESH node:
Return route agent to described MESH node and upgrade acknowledge message.
8. the route management method of MESH node in the wireless mesh network is applied to comprise in the wireless mesh network of a plurality of MESH nodes, comprises at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Get access to the route of other MESH nodes in the wireless mesh network;
The routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, for the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance;
Receive the message of described website, obtain purpose website routing iinformation, described message is sent to described purpose website according to described purpose website routing iinformation from described inbound port MESH node.
9. as the route management method of MESH node in the wireless mesh network as described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that described routing iinformation clean culture with websites subordinate sends to described inbound port MESH node and specifically comprises:
Judged whether that website adds,, then sent route agent's update inquiry information, carried the routing iinformation of described website in the described request message to described inbound port MESH node if having.
10. as the route management method of MESH node in the wireless mesh network as described in the claim 9, it is characterized in that, describedly after inbound port MESH node sends route agent's update inquiry information, also comprise:
Judge whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends described route agent update inquiry information.
11. a wireless mesh network comprises a plurality of MESH nodes, comprises at least one inbound port MESH node in described a plurality of MESH nodes, it is characterized in that,
Described inbound port MESH node, be used for safeguarding the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate of wireless mesh network, and after the unicast route request messages that receives source MESH node, provide the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for described source MESH node;
Described other MESH nodes, be used for the routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, supply the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance, and message is sent to described purpose website according to the purpose website routing iinformation that obtains from described inbound port MESH node.
12., it is characterized in that described inbound port MESH node specifically comprises as wireless mesh network as described in the claim 11:
The routing iinformation maintenance unit is used for safeguarding the routing iinformation of all MESH nodes websites subordinate of wireless mesh network;
The request message receiving element is used for the unicast route request messages that reception sources MESH node sends;
The response message transmitting element, be used for sending route replies message to described source MESH node, be included in the routing iinformation of purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website in the described response message, send message to described purpose MESH node subordinate purpose website for MESH node subordinate Source Site, described source.
13., it is characterized in that described routing iinformation maintenance unit specifically comprises as wireless mesh network as described in the claim 12:
The route acquisition subelement is used for getting access to the route of other MESH nodes of wireless mesh network;
Routing iinformation is safeguarded subelement, is used to receive route agent's update inquiry information of MESH node, is included in the routing iinformation of described MESH nodes websites subordinate in the described request message.
14., it is characterized in that described routing iinformation maintenance unit also comprises as wireless mesh network as described in the claim 13:
Updating route information is confirmed subelement, is used for returning route agent to described MESH node and upgrades acknowledge message.
15., it is characterized in that comprise: described other MESH nodes specifically comprise as wireless mesh network as described in the claim 11:
The route acquisition unit is used for getting access to the route of other MESH nodes of wireless mesh network;
Routing iinformation reports the unit, is used for the routing iinformation clean culture of websites subordinate is sent to described inbound port MESH node, for the routing iinformation of described all websites of inbound port MESH node maintenance;
The message retransmission unit is used to receive the message that website sends, and obtains purpose website routing iinformation from described inbound port MESH node, according to described purpose website routing iinformation described message is sent to described purpose website.
16., it is characterized in that described routing iinformation reports the unit specifically to comprise as wireless mesh network as described in the claim 15:
Website adds determines subelement, is used to judge whether that website adds;
Upgrade message and send subelement, it is fashionable to be used to have website to add, and sends route agent's update inquiry information to described inbound port MESH node, carries the routing iinformation of described website in the described request message.
17., it is characterized in that described routing iinformation reports the unit also to comprise as wireless mesh network as described in the claim 16:
Acknowledge message receives subelement, is used to judge whether receive in the Preset Time that route agent upgrades acknowledge message, if do not receive, then resends described route agent update inquiry information.
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