CN101094972B - 用于从废热源中提取废气热量同时防止回流和侵蚀的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在其中热交换器从发动机废气中导出热量的废热回收系统中,文丘里管与发动机的排气端口流体连通,以便因此增加流率,并且降低在歧管中的压力,该歧管流体连通地连接在文丘里管和热交换器之间。热交换器的下游提供有风扇,以便将热气从歧管中抽出、通过热交换器,并且将其排出到周围环境中。但是,在其中发动机处于运转过程中而风扇没有运转时,低压歧管将通过风扇并且通过热交换器而将周围环境空气吸入,其中周围环境空气然后被带入到从文丘里管下游的排气通道排出的废气中。在一个实施例中,提供了多个热源,其中每一个热源都具有其自身的且连接到公共低压歧管上的文丘里管。
Description
发明背景
本发明大体涉及废热回收系统,更具体地说,涉及用于从其中具有腐蚀性元素的发动机废气中回收废热的系统。
由较广范围的发动机和工业过程产生的废热能够被用来提供许多好处,诸如发电、冷却和水的加热。废热经常处于热气流的形式,热气流有时被诸如硫和氯的腐蚀性元素污染。这些元素在其中它们保持在气态的升高温度下是相对良性的,但是气体可能在冷却器表面上冷凝并且产生酸露点侵蚀(ADC)。
热气废热流的互相连接经常受限于ADC的存在。例如,为了运行某些废热回收装置,可能希望结合燃烧中等硫燃料的两个往复式发动机的废气流。如果两个发动机均在运转,那么就不存在ADC,这是因为发动机部件和排气管道都高于露点温度。当发动机中的一个中止时,这种情形就改变了。现在,在运转的发动机的废气的排气竖道中的更高压力将产生废气到冷的、非运转的发动机中的回流。冷凝和侵蚀可在冷的表面上很快地发展。
发明概述
简要地说,根据本发明的一个方面,文丘里管放置在多个废热源中的每一个内,以便产生低于大气环境压力的局部压力,并且提供风扇,用以将热气从歧管中抽出并且通过这些文丘里管、通过热交换器、到达风扇并且排放到周围环境中。这样,当废热源中的一个关闭(shut down)时,来自废热源中的其它废热源的热气将不会流到那个废热源中,并且不会冷凝而产生侵蚀。
根据本发明的另一个方面,文丘里管中的每一个都具有关联的止回阀,其允许热气从文丘里管通过止回阀排放到周围环境中,但是不允许周围环境空气流流到止回阀内和进入文丘里管。因此,当废热源中的一个或多个运转而排出热气、但是风扇没有运转时,那么歧管中的低压状态将使周围环境空气流到风扇内,通过热交换器并且进入低压歧管,并且排出止回阀。
根据本发明的又一个方面,跨过每一个止回阀而提供了旁通阀,使得当风扇运转时,旁通阀可能被打开,以便允许周围环境空气的流入,以便淡化来自热源的废气,从而用于降低到达热交换器的流体的温度、浓度或露点。
在如在下文中所介绍的图示中,显示了优选的实施例;然而,在不背离本发明真实精神和范围的前提下,可以对其作出各种其它的更改和备选的构造。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的废热回收装置的示意图。
优选实施例的描述
现在参见图1,显示了本发明的热回收系统10,其用于从多个废热源12和13中回收废热。尽管本发明将按照使用两个废热源12和13来进行介绍,但是应该明白的是,本发明可适用于任何数量的并行运转的这种系统,或可适用于以单个废热源的使用。
本发明的其中一个特征是,允许废热源中的一个或多个处于非运转的状态,或处于以较低速度运转的状态,而其它废热源中的一个或多个处于可以更高速度运转的状态。通常,在这些状态中,来自运转的废热源的热气存在着迁移到非运转的废热源中的趋势,其可能在那里冷凝并且产生酸露点侵蚀(ADC)。本发明旨在克服这个难题,以及热气在其中废热源中的一个或多个处于运转状态但是废热回收系统没有运转的期间迁移到热交换器中的难题。
回到图1,废热源12和13包括用于从那里排出热气的各自的排气端口14和16。该热气通常可能被排放到周围环境中,因此导致浪费能量并且影响环境。因此,本废热回收系统接受在500-1000°F温度范围内的废气,将它们应用到废热回收装置中,并且排出在200-350°F温度范围内的所得气体。
应该认识到,对于典型的往复式发动机而言,在排气端口14和16中的压力在运转期间例如高于大气压约1/2英寸水柱的,而其内的压力对于没有处于运转的任何废热源而言都基本上等于周围环境压力。
各自的文丘里管17和18定位在排气端口14和16下游,提供它们的目的是为了加速流动并且将压力降低到低于大气压力。也就是说,文丘里管17包括收敛部19、中心部21和发散部22,而文丘里管18包括收敛部23、中心部24和发散部26。文丘里管中心部21和24通过低压歧管27互相流体连通,并且例如处于比大气压要低1/2英寸到5英寸水柱的负压下。
发散部22和26使废气流减速,并且在废气流分别进入排气通道28和29时,产生达到高于周围环境压力水平的相关的压力升高。排气通道28和29包括各自的止回阀31和32,它们允许废气向外流到周围环境中,但是防止周围环境空气流到排气通道28和29中。
低压歧管27与热交换器33流体连通,热交换器33也与风扇34和周围环境空气流体连通。热交换器33进行运转,以便将热量从废热排放气体中移除,并且使用该热量而借助有机液兰金循环系统(未示出)等获得能量。风扇34的作用在于抽吸热气,以便使之从低压歧管27流出、通过热交换器33并且排放到周围环境中。
在运转中,所介绍的系统必须能够这样运转:废热源12和13中的一个或多个处于运转中,但是废热回收装置(也就是热交换器33和风扇34)或者处于运转模式或者处于非运转模式。这些运转状态中的每一个都将进行讨论。
首先,假定废热源12处于运转中,废热源13和风扇34关闭。在这些状态下,排气端口14中的压力高于周围环境压力很多,而文丘里管中心部21中和低压歧管27中的压力低于周围环境,并且排气通道28中的压力高于周围环境。因此,热气将从止回阀31排出,并且因为文丘里管17的中心部21中的压力小于周围环境并且文丘里管18中心部24中的压力基本上等于周围环境压力,所以,热气将不在歧管27内从文丘里管中心部21流到文丘里管中心部24。另外,由于风扇34处的压力等于周围环境压力,因此周围环境空气将倾向于通过风扇34而被吸入、通过热交换器33并且进入文丘里管17,从而被带入流出止回阀31的废气中。这样,就防止了热气在任何一个非运转的热源13或非运转的热交换器33中的冷凝。
现在,考虑以下运转的状态,其中废热源12是以全速运转的,废热源13是以小于全速运转的,而风扇34是没有运转的。在这些状态下,由各自的文丘里管17和18形成的真空与关联的源流率有关。也就是说,在文丘里管18内的流率和关联的真空将比文丘里管17内的要小,使得歧管27内的流动将是从文丘里管18到文丘里管17的。在这些状态下,由于排气管道29中的压力可能高于周围环境,因此止回阀32可能关闭或可能不关闭,但是,由于文丘里管17和18内存在压差,因此,文丘里管18内的至少一部分流体将朝着文丘里管17流动,并且因此而被带入到将通过止回阀31排出的文丘里管17的废气流中。因此,流体在任何情形下都不能够传送到任何流量限制件的上游并因此进入废气源中。这个特征确保了当废热回收装置没有接合时,运转的、节流的或不运转的废气源的任何组合将不会受到ADC。
现在,考虑以下运转的状态,其中废热源中的一个或多个是运转的,并且风扇34是运转的,以便借助热交换器33提取热。为此,风扇34设计成用以提供足够的吸力,以便克服出现在文丘里管17和18内的最高的局部真空。在这种运转模式下,止回阀31和32将被关闭,而来自每一个源12和13的废气都将从文丘里管17和18中抽出,并且通过歧管27,并且然后在被风扇34排放到大气中之前通过热交换器33。在这个状态下,在歧管27内将总是存在真空,而风扇34将总是克服该真空,以便在风扇34处于运转时,流体将总是离开每一个废热源,而不管废热源是否是活动的或不活动的。该特征因此确保了当废热回收装置接合时,任何运转的、节流的或不运转的废气源的任何组合将不会受到ADC。
已经认识到,在一些情况下,可能需要用周围环境空气来淡化来自源的废气,以便降低到达热交换器33的流体的温度、浓度或露点。通过使用分别与排气通道28和29相关联的旁通阀36和37,就可以容易地实现这一点。在其中热回收装置未启用(即当风扇34关闭时)期间,旁通阀36和37将不起作用,这是由于它们与各自的打开的止回阀31和32并联。然而,当风扇34运转、并且当旁通阀36和/或37中的一个或多个是打开的时,真空将用来关闭止回阀31和32。大气空气将然后流过旁通阀,并且与在文丘里管和歧管27中的任何活动的废气源流相混合。通过对旁通阀36或37进行适当的尺寸设定或控制,可产生处于排气端口14和16与大气环境阀的温度、浓度或露点之间的任何温度、浓度或露点,以便满足所希望的用于热交换器33的入口状态。
尽管已经参照附图中所示的优选实施例对本发明进行了具体的显示和介绍,但是本领域技术人员应该明白的是,在不背离由权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以在其中作出各种细节变化。
Claims (16)
1.一种与具有废气的至少一个废热源结合的热回收系统,所述废气包含腐蚀性元素,所述腐蚀性元素如果被允许在相关联的装置中冷凝的话,则是有害于所述装置的,所述热回收系统包括:
排气端口,其与所述至少一个废热源中的各自的一个流体连通,以便从那里传输废气流;
文丘里管,其与所述排气端口中的各自的一个流体连通,所述文丘里管适于增加从中通过的废气的流速,并且因此将其内的压力降低到低于周围环境压力的水平;
低压歧管,其与所述文丘里管流体连通,用于接收处于低于周围环境压力的压力下的所述废气流;
热交换器,其与所述歧管流体连通;
风扇,其与所述热交换器流体连通,用于从所述文丘里管中抽出气体并且通过所述歧管和所述热交换器,而排放到周围环境中;以及
止回阀,其与所述文丘里管中的各自的一个流体连通,用于允许气体从所述文丘里管排到周围环境中,但是不允许周围环境空气流流到所述文丘里管内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热回收系统,其特征在于,所述至少一个废热源包括多个废热源,并且所述多个废热源中的至少一个在与所述多个废热源中的另一个不同的压力下运转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热回收系统,其特征在于,所述至少一个热源包括多个废热源,并且所述多个废热源中的至少一个在另一个运转时是关闭的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热回收系统,其特征在于,所述风扇设计成用于提供足以克服所述歧管内的所述低压的吸力,使得产生从所述歧管到所述风扇的热气流。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热回收系统,其特征在于,当所述风扇没有处于运转时,所述歧管内的低压足以使周围环境空气通过所述风扇并且通过所述热交换器而被吸入,并且然后被带入从所述文丘里管排出的气体中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热回收系统,其特征在于,包括与所述文丘里管中的至少一个的下游侧流体连通的旁通阀,所述文丘里管选择性地打开,以便在所述风扇运转的期间提供周围环境空气到所述至少一个文丘里管中的流动。
7.一种用于从多个废热源中提取废热的装置,所述废热源中的至少一个在另一个可运转时是不可运转的,所述装置包括:
多个排气端口,其中每一个都从热源延伸,用于从其各自的废热源中传输热气流;
多个文丘里管,其中每一个文丘里管都与所述排气端口中的一个流体连通,并且是可操作的,以便产生达到低于周围环境压力水平的压力降低;
低压歧管,其与所述多个文丘里管中的每一个都流体连接,以便在它们之间提供流体连通;
与所述歧管流体连通的热交换器;
与所述热交换器流体连通的风扇,用于从所述歧管中抽出气体并且通过所述风扇到达周围环境;和
多个止回阀,其中每一个止回阀都与所述文丘里管中的一个流体连通,用于允许气体从所述文丘里管排放到周围环境中,但是不允许周围环境空气流到所述文丘里管中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述多个废热源中的至少一个在与所述多个热源中的另一个不同的压力下运转。
9.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风扇设计成用以提供足以克服所述歧管内的低压的吸力,以便导致热气流从所述歧管流到所述风扇。
10.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,当所述风扇不在运转中时,所述歧管中的低压足以使周围环境空气通过所述风扇吸入且通过所述热交换器,并且然后被带入到从所述文丘里管排出的气体中。
11.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,包括连接在其中至少一个所述文丘里管的下游端上的旁通阀,所述旁通阀选择性地操作,以便在其中所述风扇处于运转中的期间允许周围环境空气通过并进入所述文丘里管中。
12.一种用于防止在废热回收系统中的酸露点侵蚀的方法,所述系统具有至少一个废热源,并且适于为了废热回收目的而将热气从排气端口排放到热交换器中,所述方法包括步骤:
提供将所述排气端口与歧管流体连通的文丘里管,用于将所述歧管中的气体的压力降低到低于周围环境压力的水平;
提供在所述热交换器下游的风扇,用于从所述歧管中抽出所述热气,通过所述热交换器并且然后到达所述风扇,以便排放到周围环境中;以及
提供与所述文丘里管的下游端流体连通的止回阀,以便在其中所述风扇不运转的期间允许热气从所述文丘里管排放到周围环境中,但在所述风扇运转时不允许周围环境空气进入所述文丘里管中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个废热源包括多个废热源,其中任何一个废热源都可以在比另一个废热源要低的压力下运转。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个废热源包括多个废热源,其中至少一个废热源可在其中另一个废热源运转的期间关闭。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,包括另外的步骤:当所述至少一个热源排放热气时,关闭所述风扇,以便使所述歧管通过所述风扇和所述热交换器吸入周围环境空气,而使周围环境空气被带到从所述文丘里管排出的气体中。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:提供在所述文丘里管下游端的旁通阀,用于在其中所述风扇处于运转中的期间,选择性地允许周围环境空气流到所述文丘里管中。
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US11/025,756 US7043912B1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | Apparatus for extracting exhaust heat from waste heat sources while preventing backflow and corrosion |
PCT/US2005/045000 WO2006071510A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-12-13 | Apparatus for extracting exhaust heat from waste heat sources while preventing backflow & corrosion |
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EP2235332A4 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2014-01-22 | United Technologies Corp | OPERATION OF A SUBMARINE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC) SYSTEM USING INDIVIDUAL PRESSURE CONTAINERS |
EP2114034A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-04 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Communications network |
US8344585B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2013-01-01 | The Neothermal Energy Company | Method and apparatus for conversion of heat to electrical energy using a new thermodynamic cycle |
US8946538B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2015-02-03 | The Neothermal Energy Company | Method and apparatus for generating electricity by thermally cycling an electrically polarizable material using heat from condensers |
US9166139B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2015-10-20 | The Neothermal Energy Company | Method for thermally cycling an object including a polarizable material |
US8350444B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2013-01-08 | The Neothermal Energy Company | Method and apparatus for conversion of heat to electrical energy using polarizable materials and an internally generated poling field |
CN103201941B (zh) | 2010-09-29 | 2016-01-20 | 地热能源公司 | 通过使用各种来源的热量使可电极化材料进行热循环发电的方法和装置以及具有所述装置的车辆 |
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US10233817B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2019-03-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for exhaust gas heat recovery |
CN109441579B (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2024-01-09 | 郑州赛为机电设备有限公司 | 一种电站弃热回收装置及节能系统 |
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JP2008525708A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
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