Background technology
At present, the common function of electromagnetic cannon demonstrator device that is applied in the physics teaching is comparatively single, operation inconvenience, and the demonstration effect is very unsatisfactory.
The patent No. is 200520069511.5, and its applying date is to disclose a kind of magnetic artillery in the Chinese invention patent of 2005.03.07, is made of gun tube, electric capacity and direct supply; Gun tube is a solid bar, and gun muzzle has recess, the outer winding around of body, the two ends of coil connect the both positive and negative polarity of electric capacity respectively, between the discharge switch button is set; Electric capacity connects direct supply, between polyphone charge switch button and current-limiting resistance be set.The electromagnet phenomenon that this demonstration instrument demo function is single can only be demonstrated the magnetic field of hot-wire coil and the interaction of permanent magnet field, and function is comparatively single.
The patent No. is 00248179.0, its applying date is to disclose a kind of ampere force demonstrator that can quantitatively show magnetic field acting on electric current in the Chinese invention patent of 2000.08.19, it is that the Amp that is subjected in rotating U type magnet by the one side that is fixed on the hot-wire coil that has center tap and switch on the balance plate and the pulling force of opposite side spring produce a pair of trimming moment, but also Amp to be amplified, the other end of spring is taken turns the angle variable quantity that the linear extension amount that spring is small is converted to pointer by circle, and power is shown enlarged on the scaleplate once more.Though the present invention can demonstrate explanation Amp size and magnetic induction, strength of current, conductor length, the multiple physical phenomenon such as sinusoidal proportional of magnetic direction and direction of current angle, but the demonstration effect of this instrument Amp is very not obvious, and adopted the amplification measure, because designed multiplying arrangement complex structure, and the size conversion that will show Amp has become the angle variable quantity of pointer, this is concerning teaching, the demonstration effect is relatively poor, and can not be very intuitively, observe the variation of Amp size visually, therefore, this instrument demo content is single, and can only be indirect, can not directly demonstrate, demonstration Amp effect is also very not obvious.
In sum, at present, on physics teaching, be badly in need of developing a kind of have multiple function, structure ingenious, rationally distributed, easy and simple to handle, safe and reliable, and can image, excellent, directly perceived, demonstration instrument that effect is demonstrated out the relevant electromagnetics physical phenomenon in the physics teaching significantly.
Summary of the invention
At the existing function singleness of above-mentioned prior art demonstration instrument, complex structure, the technical matters that display effect is not good, the invention provides a kind of multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator, can be on same demonstration instrument image, directly perceived, excellent, effect demonstrate out the electromagnetics phenomenon in the multiple physics teaching significantly.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator of the present invention is achieved is: comprise AC power, storage capacitor and load; An electric capacity charging tank circuit: described electric capacity charging tank circuit comprises pilot lamp, rectifier bridge, the storage capacitor that is connected successively with AC power, is connected with first normally opened contact switch and the storage capacitor between the positive pole of described rectifier bridge and the negative pole in turn; Capacitor discharge loop: comprise a thyristor, the input end of described thyristor is connected to the node place that the above-mentioned first normally opened contact switch is connected with storage capacitor, the output terminal of described thyristor connects a plurality of loads respectively by rotary switch, and the other end of described a plurality of loads is connected with the negative pole of described rectifier bridge; The trigger circuit of a thyristor: the output terminal that is connected to described thyristor from the trigger electrode of described thyristor by the battery and the second normally opened contact switch; A controller is used for controlling described storage capacitor and whether passes through load discharge; Be provided with pair of terminals between power supply and the described controller.
Multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator of the present invention, wherein, described load is respectively: be hung on the support and with the lead in the turriform coil of tray support, " jump and encircle " coil, the magnetic field be wrapped in gun tube coil on the gun barrel, described gun barrel is provided with the register pin of a plurality of location shell, described gun tube coil determines its number of turn by coil tap, described gun barrel can be by the gun barrel stent support of a changeable angle, in order to change the emission angle of shell.
Multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator of the present invention, wherein, described controller often comprises to be opened/normally closed three contacts, gauge tap and first electromagnetic control coil; Wherein, a normally closed contact is connected with a described connection terminal, and another normally closed contact is connected with power supply, and described gauge tap is connected with power supply with first electromagnetic control coil respectively.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that multifunctional electromagnetic cannon of the present invention had is:
(1) since the structure of multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator of the present invention adopted the big electric capacity of high power capacity, can lead to the thyristor of big electric current, to guarantee that instrument has pulse high current and instrument has the long-life; The solenoid of the different numbers of turn that have a plurality of taps and the pilot hole of a plurality of location shell on the magnetic artillery gun barrel, have been designed (with the demonstration coil turn, the relation of shell position and range), designed the support (with the relation of demonstration emission angle and range) that can make gun barrel change the shell emission angle, it is ingenious to have designed structure, rationally distributed, and can demonstrate Amp, " the jumping ring " of takeofing suddenly, the T type support that energising turriform coil shrinks suddenly, Y type support is (to guarantee the explicitly of demonstration effect, excellence), in addition, in order to obtain the classroom effect of giving lessons, also designed easy and simple to handle especially, safe and reliable ultrasonic remote control device, the science of giving lessons with increase, practicality, excellence and student's property of participation, this imparts knowledge to students to research, research study, it is highly beneficial to view and emulate the type teaching.
(2) utilize multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator of the present invention can demonstrate multiple physical phenomenon easily, such as: coil electromagnetism big gun principle; Oblique range of projectile and emission angle relation; The relation of shell position and range in coil; Coil turn and artillery range relation; Body type (as tubular body, steel ball body etc.) and range relation; Bombard the monkey demonstration; Ampere force presentation (left-hand rule); " the jumping ring " of takeofing suddenly, the contraction suddenly (the interactional demonstration of electromagnetic force is arranged between electrified wire) of hot-wire coil; Demo contents such as the energy storage of capacitor and discharge.
(3) because the present invention has distant control function, and " shell " range in the demonstration can reach 10-15 rice, the height of " monkey falls " can reach 2 meters.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done to describe in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the structure of multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator of the present invention is to comprise: 1. electric capacity charging tank circuit: comprise the pilot lamp, rectifier bridge D and the energy-storage capacitor C that are connected successively with AC power, be connected with the first normally opened contact K switch between the positive pole of described rectifier bridge D and the negative pole in turn
1With storage capacitor C, described storage capacitor is 1000~10000uf, and operating voltage 220V is to 1000V.2. capacitor discharge loop: comprise a thyristor A, the input end of described thyristor A is connected to the above-mentioned first normally opened contact K switch
1The node place that links to each other with storage capacitor C, the output terminal of described thyristor A is by rotary switch K
5Connect a plurality of loads respectively, the other end of described a plurality of loads is connected with the negative pole of described rectifier bridge D.3. the trigger circuit of a thyristor A: from the trigger electrode of described thyristor A by the battery and the second normally opened contact K switch
2Be connected to the output terminal of described thyristor A; 4. controller K
4, be used for controlling described storage capacitor C and whether pass through load discharge; Power supply and described controller K
4Between be provided with pair of terminals.
In order to demonstrate, demonstration instrument of the present invention can be the same with employed demonstration instrument in the prior art, operation knob, the gun carriage that supports gun barrel, charging indicator light etc. are arranged on the worktable, will " monkey falls ", turriform coil etc. is arranged on the bracing frame, support frame as described above can be Y shape support or T shape support.Described load is respectively: 1. be hung in the turriform coil B that also uses tray support on the support
42. " jump and encircle " coil B
53. the lead B6 in the magnetic field; 4. be wrapped in the gun tube coil B on the gun barrel
1, B
2, B
3Described gun tube end is provided with the register pin of a plurality of location shell, described gun tube coil turn, and by described coil tap decision, its number of turn is divided into: 200 circle coil B
1, 300 circle coil B
2, 400 circle coil B
3Described gun tube is manufactured by pvc pipe, and it is by the gun barrel stent support of a changeable angle, in order to change the emission angle of shell.
Described controller K
4Often comprise opening/normally closed three contacts 1,2,3, gauge tap K
3With the first electromagnetic control coil L
1Wherein, a normally closed contact 2 is connected with a described connection terminal, and another normally closed contact 1 is connected with power supply, described gauge tap K
3Respectively with the first electromagnetic control coil L
1Be connected with power supply.
Described controller K
4Can be ultrasonic remote control device, light-operated telepilot and microwave remote controllers; With the ultrasonic remote control device is structure and the principle of work that example further describes this controller: it is made up of ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic receiver, ultrasonic remote control circuit and control loop; As shown in Figure 1, described control loop often comprises and opening/normally closed three contacts 1,2,3, audio-switch K
3With the first electromagnetic control coil L
1, that is: by AC power one end, audio-switch K
3, the first electromagnetic control coil L
1Form the loop to exchanging the power supply other end, thereby control the action of three contacts 1,2,3: forward normally closed two contacts 1,2 to by normally closed two contacts 1,2 on-states and disconnect, simultaneously, normally closed contact 1 and normally opened contact 3 are connected the 3rd electromagnetic control coil L
3Energising (work) makes the second normally opened contact K switch in the thyristor gating circuit
2Connection work, thereby the trigger circuit work of thyristor A make thyristor A conducting, storage capacitor C by thyristor A to by rotary switch K
5The load discharge of being connected is realized demo content.(an one terminal connects the second electromagnetic control coil L to described target monkey ultrasonic remote control circuit by an end, the pair of terminal of the AC power that connects successively
2And power supply, another terminal connects ultrasonic remote control device K
4In a normally closed contact 2), the second electromagnetic control coil L
2, normally closed contact 1,2, be connected to the AC power other end again, thereby be used for the whereabouts of remote control target monkey.
In like manner, if above-mentioned controller adopts light-operated telepilot or microwave remote controllers, then will above-mentioned generator and receiver and gauge tap select for use the device replacement of corresponding form to get final product.For example: described gauge tap is a light-operated switch, by infrared light, visible light or laser controlling switch.
Embodiment 1: the demonstration of " bombarding monkey " phenomenon
Controller in the present embodiment adopts the ultrasonic remote control device.As shown in Figure 1, after the instrument energized, by rotary switch K
5Determine the demonstration project, for example: knob K
5Turn to 1 promptly to connect load B
1, expression is selected the gun tube coil shelves of 200 circles to demonstrate and is bombarded monkey, meanwhile, and with the second electromagnetic control coil L
2Patch on two terminals, its operation and the course of work are: press the first normally opened contact K switch
1, power supply is given storage capacitor C charging (described storage capacitor C is 1000~10000uf, and operating voltage is that 220V is to 1000V) by rectifier bridge D, bulb, and also growing dark gradually in the bright back of pilot bulb, extinguishes until bulb, and expression storage capacitor C has been full of electric energy; Then, lift hand and make the normally opened contact K switch
1Disconnect (for when the end-of-job, stop the charging to storage capacitor C, so this switch selects normally opened contact switch, this is one of safety practice), stop the charging of storage capacitor C.The colleague, the second electromagnetic control coil L
2Electric and hold the target monkey, then, shell is placed on the appropriate location (being provided with the register pin that is used for determining the shell position at the gun tube end) in the gun tube that is wound with coil, press the normally opened contact switch in the laser aiming circuit as shown in Figure 2, make laser-beam acquiring target monkey, after discharging the normally opened contact switch, press the ultrasonic remote control K switch
3, the first electromagnetic control coil L
1Energising, ultrasonic remote control device K
41,3 contact conductings, the 3rd electromagnetic control coil L
3Must conduct, make normally opened contact K switch in the thyristor gating circuit
2Connect, and then make thyristor gating circuit work, make among the storage capacitor C electric energy by thyristor A and 200 circle shell coil (load B
1) discharge, produce impulse magnetic field, the ferromagnetics shell is magnetized rapidly, and it is produced extremely strong moment attractive force, shell is penetrated, simultaneously, ultrasonic remote control device K
41,2 contacts disconnect, target monkey free-falling (ejecting monkey falls), shell hits the target monkey in the air in gun muzzle the place ahead.At last, operation ultrasonic remote control K switch
3, make demonstration instrument of the present invention recover state (safe condition) at the beginning, so far, finish the demonstration of this project.In like manner, as knob K
5When forwarding 300 circles or 400 circle shelves to, repeat above-mentioned action, still can demonstrate and bombard monkey, also demonstrated the relation of shell coil turn and artillery range.
Utilize the present invention to carry out above-mentioned " bombarding monkey " demonstration, accuracy rate is very high.Verified fully that by this project demonstration projectile motion is the synthetic of the tangential movement and the movement of falling object, also illustrates the correctness of projectile motion vector equation.When the coil (as 200 circles) of setting the same number of turn, when shell is placed in the gun barrel diverse location (can control), can demonstrate the relation of shell placement location and artillery range by the register pin that is arranged on the gun barrel.In the process of above-mentioned demonstration, if adopt the shell of unlike material and shape, as adopt tubular body, steel ball shape body or permanent magnet body etc., can demonstrate out different bodies and range relation.In addition, by adjusting gun barrel support angle, also can demonstrate the relation of different emission angle of shell and range.
Embodiment 2: the demonstration of " Amp ".
As shown in Figure 1, after the instrument energized, by rotary switch K
5Determine " Amp " demonstration project, knob K
5Turn to 5, both connected the lead B in the magnetic field
5, both selected ampere force presentation project shelves (not patch the electromagnetic control coil L of monkey this moment on two connection terminals
1).The operation and the course of work are: the charging thermal energy storage process of storage capacitor C, and identical with describing among the embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.Press the ultrasonic remote control K switch
3, make electromagnetic control coil L
2Energising makes ultrasonic remote control device K
41,3 contact conductings, electromagnetic control coil L
3Must conduct normally opened contact K switch in the thyristor gating circuit
2Connect, make thyristor gating circuit work, promptly among the storage capacitor C electric energy by the lead B in thyristor A and the magnetic field
5, thus, the lead B in the magnetic field
5Produce bigger Amp of moment, verified the left-hand rule in the electromagnetics.Because Amp is bigger in this demonstration, so lead B
5The angle of having swung is far longer than 90 degree, and effect is very obvious, and is very excellent.
Embodiment 3: the contraction demonstration of energising turriform coil
As shown in Figure 1, after the instrument energized, by rotary switch K
5Determine this demonstration project, knob K
5Turn to 4, both connected turriform coil B
4(again do not patch fall monkey electromagnetic control coil L on two connection terminals this moment
2), at this moment, with turriform coil B
4Be put into free stretched condition.The operation and the course of work are: the charging thermal energy storage process of storage capacitor C, and identical with describing among the embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.Press the ultrasonic remote control K switch
3, make the first electromagnetic control coil L
1Energising makes ultrasonic remote control device K
41,3 contact conductings, electromagnetic control coil L
3Must conduct the normally opened contact K switch in the thyristor gating circuit
2Connect, make thyristor gating circuit work, make among the energy-storage capacitor C electric energy by thyristor A and turriform coil B
4, show as and make turriform coil B this moment
4Suddenly shrink, verified to truly have electromagnetic force interacting between electrified wire.
Embodiment 4: " jumping ring " demonstration
As shown in Figure 1, after the instrument energized, by rotary switch K
5Determine this demonstration project, knob K
5Turn to 5, both connected " jumping ring " coil B
5(again do not patch fall monkey electromagnetic control coil L on two connection terminals this moment
2), the operation and the course of work are: the charging thermal energy storage process of storage capacitor C, and identical with describing among the embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.Press the ultrasonic remote control K switch
3, make the first electromagnetic control coil L
1Energising makes ultrasonic remote control device K
41,3 contact conductings, electromagnetic control coil L
3Must conduct the normally opened contact K switch in the thyristor gating circuit
2Connect, make thyristor gating circuit work, make among the energy-storage capacitor C electric energy by thyristor A and " jumping ring " coil B
5, show as and make coil B this moment
5Outer light red copper ring takeoffs suddenly, has verified that Faradic electricity magnetic induction decides Lu, verified that Lenz decides Lu, verified the existence of vortex flow, and has verified the magnetic effect and the stress effect of vortex flow.
In addition, in using multifunctional electromagnetic cannon demonstrator process of the present invention, arbitrarily do not tear the energising device open, select to demonstrate again after the demonstration project.When selecting demonstration magnetic artillery (being front said " bombarding monkey " demonstration), before the people does not stand in gun tube.Behind the remote-control transmitting bullet, need again by a teleswitch K
3, demonstrator is restPosed, so that charging emission once more.In case because torn device open, and make electric capacity fill electricity, this moment should be knob K
5Forward 1 to, connect to 200 circle project gears and put, press telepilot once more, then electric flux can be released by the gun tube coil in the capacitor, with assurance safety, and instrument is restPosed.
Although in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention has been carried out foregoing description; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; under the situation that does not break away from aim of the present invention and claim institute protection domain, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong to the row of protection of the present invention.