CN101076935A - Current reversing method for reversing apparatus and rotating electrical machine - Google Patents
Current reversing method for reversing apparatus and rotating electrical machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101076935A CN101076935A CN 200580033451 CN200580033451A CN101076935A CN 101076935 A CN101076935 A CN 101076935A CN 200580033451 CN200580033451 CN 200580033451 CN 200580033451 A CN200580033451 A CN 200580033451A CN 101076935 A CN101076935 A CN 101076935A
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- commutator
- idle running
- diode
- winding
- electric current
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Abstract
A commutator for rotation with or by the shaft of a electrical machine has first and second electrically conductive commutator segments provided on a base for electrical engagement with brushes connected to windings. Isolated from and interspersed between the commutator segments are first and second freewheeling segments. A first diode is connected between the first commutator segment and the first freewheeling segment. A second diode is connected between the second commutator segment and the second freewheeling segment. The diodes allow current to flow in only one direction between the commutator and freewheeling segments to help suppress commutation sparking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to commutator, that is, make the reverse repeatedly mechanism of the sense of current of the winding that flows through electric rotating machine, and the electric current commutation method in a kind of electric rotating machine.
Background technology
Direct current (DC) motor will be as motor or generator.If the DC electric current is imported into stator or excitation winding (field windings), then described motor is as motor.If machine power is used to make the motor shaft rotation, then described motor will be as generator.Below discussion relates to a kind of motor, but the present invention also can be applicable to generator.
Multi-phase permanent (PM) brushless motor is that non-normal open is used and effective motor, and in many different application, described multiphase permanent magnet brushless motor is compared with PM DC motor with the AC synchronous motor can provide better control and higher efficient.Yet in some cases, the end user needs brushless motor compact conformation, high efficiency and long-life, and does not consider the controllability level that brushless motor provides.No matter required controlling level, normally operate brushless motor and need drive a large amount of costs with the position probing electronic installation, force the end user to be satisfied with inferior motor.
Use simple, cheap mechanical commutation arrangement to provide the ability of the drive electronics of electric current rather than employing costliness can allow end user's heterogeneous PM motor of appointment in the application of low control, low cost with stator or excitation winding to the PM motor.
It is the situation of prerequisite that wound rotor or armature DC " commutator " motor usually are used for smooth torque and simple voltage control.Yet when brush (brush) needed to change, motor had to be disassembled, thus the cost plenty of time.In addition, wound rotor has limited the minimum root diameter of actual manufacturing.Wound rotor also causes comparing relatively poor copper groove filling rate (copper slotfill) with synchronous motor with brushless motor.Can cause increasing igniting owing to need a large amount of steering gears partly to obtain smooth torque, thereby quicken wear of brush and produced the high-frequency RF noise, so low inertia rotors is difficult to obtain.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide the electric current commutation method in a kind of commutator and the electric rotating machine,, perhaps be at least the public a kind of useful selection is provided to overcome or to improve the problems referred to above.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of reverser assembly, described reverser assembly is used for the axle rotation of electric rotating machine or by described axle rotation, and allows electric current to pass the winding of motor from power supply, and described reverser assembly comprises:
The first and second conduction commutator parts, the described first and second conduction commutator parts engage with the brush electricity that is connected to winding;
The first and second idle running parts (freewheeling segment), the described first and second idle running part and the first and second commutator part electric insulations, and be dispersed on the position separately between first and second commutators part; And
First diode, described first diode is connected between first commutator part and the first idle running part, in order to only to allow electric current partly to flow to the first idle running part from first commutator, with second diode, described second diode is connected between second commutator part and the second idle running part, flows to the second commutator part in order to only to allow electric current from the second idle running part.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide a kind of reverser assembly, described reverser assembly is used for the axle rotation of electric rotating machine or by described axle rotation, and allows electric current to flow through the winding of motor from power supply, and described reverser assembly comprises:
Anodal collector ring or slip ring (slip-ring) and negative pole collector ring, each described collector ring all has continuous conduction circular periphery;
Be electrically connected to the positive pole conduction commutator part of anodal collector ring and be electrically connected to the negative pole conduction commutator part of negative pole collector ring;
The first and second idle running parts, described first and second idle running parts and commutator part electric insulations, and be dispersed on the position separately between the commutator part; And
First diode, described first diode is between the negative commutator part and the first idle running part, in order to only to allow electric current partly to flow to the first idle running part from negative commutator, with second diode, described second diode flows to positive commutation segment device part in order to only to allow electric current from the second idle running part between the positive commutation segment device part and the second idle running part.
Preferably, commutator further comprises spatially around be separated by 120 degree location and be connected to three brushes of the winding of motor of commutator, wherein during the commutator rotation, commutator part and idle running part alternatively engage with three brushes that are connected to winding.
Preferably, winding is connected on the brush of structure triangular in shape.
Preferably, winding is connected on the brush that is star structure.
Preferably, wherein on any instantaneous position of rotation of pedestal, two idle running parts in two brushes in the brush and the part that dallies electrically contact.
Preferably, wherein commutator part and idle running part have separately the graphite shell in order to engage with brush.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, electric current in a kind of electric rotating machine commutation method is provided, wherein said electric rotating machine has the winding that engages layout with rotating commutator, described method is included in diode is set in the commutator, during the electric current commutation in winding, described diode is connected winding and positive ﹠amp; Between the negative supply.
Additional aspects of the present invention will become clear from the following explanation that only provides by example.
Description of drawings
With reference to accompanying drawing, existing only by example explanation embodiments of the invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the exploded view according to commutator of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the exploded view according to an alternative embodiment of commutator of the present invention; With
Fig. 3-6 shows the operation of commutator.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, commutator is formed by having the circular molded base 1 that is used to support commutator components.The first and second complementary relative commutator elements are installed on the wheel hub 2, and each described commutator element comprises the annular slab 3,4 that has continuous conduction circular periphery 5,6 separately. Conduction commutation part 7,8 is axially protruded from the adjacent with each periphery 5,6.Between the part 7,8 is two idle running parts 9,10 being dispersed in commutation on the wheel hub 2.Commutator element and idle running part 9,10 are separated by dead ring 11.Commutator components is fixed on the wheel hub 2 by two hold-down screws 12,13 that are fixed in the screwed hole 16,17 in the pedestal 1.Hold-down screw 12,13 is positioned at insulating sleeve 14,15 to prevent the commutator components short circuit.
Commutator is connected to or places on the motor reel by the brush that engages with commutator face, with transmission current between DC power supply and motor winding.First power source brush (supply brush) 18 is connected to the side of the positive electrode of DC power supply, and is oriented to and surperficial 5 Continuous Contact of the conduction collector ring of commutator element 3.Second source brush 19 is connected to the negative side of DC power supply, and is oriented to and surperficial 6 Continuous Contact of the conduction collector ring of commutator element 4.By this layout, the first commutation part 7 is the negative pole part for the positive pole part second commutation part 8.
In the situation of threephase motor, spatially around commutator three the winding brushes 20,21 and 22 in 120 mechanical degrees location of being separated by.Rotation order when phase brush 20,21,22 is alternatively rotated with commutator engages with commutation and idle running part 7,10,8,9.The traditional direction of rotation of commutator is the clockwise direction shown in the figure.
Two diodes 23,24 are electrically connected between idle running part 9,10 and the commutation part 7,8.First diode 23 be connected in order to electric current from negative commutation segment part 8 forward biases to the idle running part 10 that is ahead of described negative commutation segment partial rotation.Second diode 24 be connected in order to electric current from other idle running part 9 forward biases to the positive commutation segment part 7 that lags behind described idle running partial rotation.
In a preferred embodiment, commutation part 7,8 and idle running part 9,10 have electrically conductive graphite shell 25,26,27,28, and described electrically conductive graphite shell is positioned at the outer conductive surface of the described part that is used to be electrically connected winding brush 20,21,22.Carbon-to-carbon between graphite shell 25,26,27,28 and the brush 20,21,22 connects the commutation bow-shaped structural (commutation arching) that has reduced surface of the electric brush.
The operation of idle running part 9,10 and diode 23,24 now is described with reference to Fig. 3 to Fig. 6.In Fig. 3 to Fig. 6, anodal and negative power supply brush is omitted to simplify two dimension view.Shown structure is equivalent to the content described in the above-mentioned commutator aspect electric fully.The rotation of commutator clockwise direction.
In Fig. 3, the first winding brush 20 fully contacts with negative commutation segment part 8. Other brush 21,22 is positioned between another commutation part 7 and two the idle running part 9,10.The radian angle that it should be noted that idle running part 9,10 make phase brush can bridge joint two commutation parts 7,8, this is because will cause power supply short circuit like this.
In Fig. 4, commutator 120 degree that turn clockwise are up to the first winding brush 20 and the contact of idle running part 9 and will be with till 8 disconnections of negative commutation segment part are connected.When brush 20 and 8 disconnections of negative commutation segment part, produce reverse EMF, described reverse EMF forward biased diode 24, electric current is shunted to the second commutation part 7 from idle running part 9 by the diode 24 of forward bias.This helps any due to voltage spikes (voltage spike) between inhibition brush 20 and the commutation part 8.
In Fig. 5, commutator 120 degree that further turn clockwise, up to tertiary winding brush 22 contact with idle running part 9 and will with part 8 disconnections that commutate till.Again, when brush 22 disconnected with the part 8 that commutates, electric current was shunted to another commutation part 7 from idle running part 9 by the diode 24 of forward bias.This helps any due to voltage spikes between inhibition brush 22 and the commutation part 8.
In Fig. 6, commutator 120 degree that further turn clockwise, up to the second winding brush 21 contact with idle running part 9 and will with part 8 disconnections that commutate till.Again, when brush 21 disconnected with the part 8 that commutates, electric current was shunted to another commutation part 7 from idle running part 9 by the diode 24 of forward bias.This helps any due to voltage spikes between inhibition brush 21 and the commutation part 8.
The connection that merges the diode 23,24 between idle running part 9,10 and positive pole and the negative commutator part 7,8 is provided as and makes for given direction of rotation, when brush leaves commutator part and partly contacts with adjacent idle running, idle running partly will be connected to the commutation part of opposite polarity by diode.The idle running part can prevent to form big induced voltage spike with relevant diode when phase brush is left the commutator part, therefore eliminate the arc discharge relevant with the mechanical commutation motor usually.
Above stated specification is with reference to having the integral body of the element of known equivalent, even in it also is included in when this sets forth separately.Embodiments of the invention have been described, yet, be to be understood that change, improve or revise and all can carry out.For example, in alternative embodiment, other topological commentator arrangements is used.Brush assembly of electric can be installed in the inside circumference rather than the outside of commutator, has therefore reduced the overall volume of device.Perhaps alternatively, whole device can be configured to disk, and described disk has to be arranged perpendicular to the brush of disc surfaces.Described 2-utmost point commutator though should also be mentioned that above-mentioned explanation and example, the n utmost point (wherein n=2,4,6,8 etc.) commutator can be fabricated by the quantity that increases positive pole, negative pole and idle running part.
Claims (9)
1. reverser assembly, described reverser assembly are used for the axle rotation of electric rotating machine or by described axle rotation, and allow electric current to pass the winding of described motor from power supply, and described reverser assembly comprises:
The first and second conduction commutators, the described first and second conduction commutators are used for engaging with the brush electricity that is connected to winding;
The first and second idle running parts, described first and second idle running parts and the described first and second commutator part electric insulations, and be dispersed on the position separately between described first and second commutators part; And
First diode, described first diode is connected between described first commutator part and the described first idle running part, in order to only to allow electric current partly to flow to the described first idle running part from described first commutator, with second diode, described second diode is connected between described second commutator part and the described second idle running part, flows to the described second commutator part in order to only to allow electric current from the described second idle running part.
2. commutator, described commutator are used for the axle rotation of electric rotating machine or by described axle rotation, and allow electric current to flow through the winding of described motor from power supply, and described commutator comprises:
Anodal collector ring and negative pole collector ring, each described collector ring all has continuous conduction circular periphery;
Be electrically connected to the positive pole conduction commutator part of described anodal collector ring and be electrically connected to the negative pole conduction commutator part of described negative pole collector ring;
The first and second idle running parts, described first and second idle running parts and described commutator part electric insulations, and be dispersed on the position separately between the described commutator part; And
First diode, described first diode is between described negative commutator part and the described first idle running part, in order to only to allow electric current partly to flow to the described first idle running part from described negative commutator, with second diode, described second diode flows to described positive commutation segment device part in order to only to allow electric current from the described second idle running part between described positive commutation segment device part and the described second idle running part.
3. commutator according to claim 1 and 2, further comprise spatially around be separated by 120 degree location and be connected to three brushes of the winding of motor of described commutator, wherein during described commutator rotation, described commutator part and described idle running part alternatively engage with described three brushes that are connected to described winding.
4. commutator according to claim 3, wherein said winding are connected on the described brush of structure triangular in shape.
5. commutator according to claim 3, wherein said winding are connected on the described brush that is star structure.
6. according to each described commutator in the aforementioned claim, wherein on any instantaneous position of rotation of pedestal, two brushes in the described brush and two idle running parts in the described idle running part electrically contact.
7. according to each described commutator in the aforementioned claim, wherein said commutator part and described idle running part have the graphite shell in order to engage with described brush separately.
8. the electric current commutation method in the electric rotating machine, wherein said electric rotating machine has the winding that engages layout with rotating commutator, described method is included in the described commutator diode is set, and during the electric current commutation in described winding, described diode is connected described winding and positive ﹠amp; Between the negative supply.
9. one kind with reference to the commutator of accompanying drawing in this explanation.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0417188A GB0417188D0 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2004-08-02 | Commutator and method of commuting current in a rotating electrical machine |
| GB0417188.0 | 2004-08-02 | ||
| GB0427645.7 | 2004-12-17 | ||
| GB0502657.0 | 2005-02-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101076935A true CN101076935A (en) | 2007-11-21 |
Family
ID=32947844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580033451 Pending CN101076935A (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2005-08-02 | Current reversing method for reversing apparatus and rotating electrical machine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101076935A (en) |
| GB (3) | GB0417188D0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103199402A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-07-10 | 隆环企业有限公司 | Simple combining type collecting ring |
| CN104541440A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-04-22 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Contact-commutated electric motor |
| CN113728538A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-11-30 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Motor and electric apparatus |
| CN113853731A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-12-28 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Motor and electric apparatus |
-
2004
- 2004-08-02 GB GB0417188A patent/GB0417188D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-02-10 GB GB0502657A patent/GB0502657D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-07-04 GB GB0513588A patent/GB0513588D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-02 CN CN 200580033451 patent/CN101076935A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103199402A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-07-10 | 隆环企业有限公司 | Simple combining type collecting ring |
| CN103199402B (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2015-07-22 | 隆环企业有限公司 | Simple combining type collecting ring |
| CN104541440A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-04-22 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Contact-commutated electric motor |
| CN104541440B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2018-04-17 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Contact commutated electric motor |
| CN113728538A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-11-30 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Motor and electric apparatus |
| CN113853731A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-12-28 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Motor and electric apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0502657D0 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| GB0513588D0 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| GB0417188D0 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |