CN101075214A - Method and system for managing memory - Google Patents
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- CN101075214A CN101075214A CNA2007101275020A CN200710127502A CN101075214A CN 101075214 A CN101075214 A CN 101075214A CN A2007101275020 A CNA2007101275020 A CN A2007101275020A CN 200710127502 A CN200710127502 A CN 200710127502A CN 101075214 A CN101075214 A CN 101075214A
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Abstract
A method of managing internal memory includes distributing internal memory space of fixed size in advance, dividing content to be stored to be at least one section as per its internal logic relation and dividing each section to be at least on page, using two-way chain list to link each page, setting storage space of single page to be continuous one and integrating multiple linked page to be a continuous virtual buffer space. The management system used for realizing said method is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer utility (Application) technical field, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of EMS memory management process and internal storage management system.
Background technology
Current common mainstream operation system EMS memory management process mainly comprises: three kinds of pages, segmentation, segmentation paging system.
In the page management, the Virtual Space of each process is divided into the page or leaf (page) of several equal in length, memory headroom is divided in flakes or the page (page frame) by the size of page or leaf, then the page virtual address is set up corresponding one by one page table with memory address, and solve the discrete address transformation problem with relevant hardware address mapping mechanism.
Fig. 1 is the exemplary schematic representation of page management.As shown in Figure 1, in the page management, main memory is divided into the piece of a plurality of fixed sizes, and operation is according to the paging of main memory block size, and continuous page or leaf leaves in the discrete piece.The page management adopts demand paging or prepaging technology to realize the unified management of interior external memory storer, and the protection of dual mode can be provided for internal memory.A kind of is the address out of range protection, and another kind is to control internal stored mode of operation so that protection to be provided by page table.The address out of range protection can be compared with the worry address that will visit by the value of the control register in the address mapping mechanism and be finished, and the realization of access control protection then is to increase the corresponding protection position to get final product in page table.
The basic thought of segment management is by interior perhaps process (function) the relation section of being divided into, every section name that oneself is arranged program.A user job or the section that process the comprised corresponding linear Virtual Space of two dimension, just a two-dimensional virtual storer.The segment management program is the unit storage allocation with the section, and hinting obliquely at mechanism by the address then is the segmentation virtual address translation actual memory physical address.
Fig. 2 is the exemplary schematic representation of segment management.Segment management has reflected the logical organization of program for the user provides the virtual address space of a two dimension, the dynamic growth of the section of helping and sharing and memory protect etc., and this has made things convenient for the user widely.Paging system has then overcome fragment effectively, has improved the utilization factor of storer.From the purpose of storage administration, mainly be user friendly program design and the utilization factor that improves internal memory.
Paging is the physical unit of information, and irrelevant with the logical organization of source program, the user is invisible.Page length determines that by system the page can only begin with the integral multiple address of page or leaf size.In paging mode, source program (page number, page or leaf intrinsic displacement) has become one-dimentional structure after linking assembling.Segmentation is the logic unit of information, determined by the logical organization of source program, the user as seen, the segment length can stipulate that segment base can be from any core address according to user's needs.In segmented mode, source program (segment number, section intrinsic displacement) still keeps two-dimensional structure after linking assembling.
The segmentation paging system way to manage combines segment management and page management.But, because segment management and page management all need bigger system overhead, the expense that can expect the segmentation paging system management can be bigger.Therefore the segmentation paging system way to manage generally only is used in the large computer system.Because hardware advances is very fast, the expense of segmentation paging system management has become on types such as workstation and can tolerate in recent years.In order to realize the segmentation paging system management, system is necessary for each operation or process is set up a segment table with managing internal memory distribution and release, the processing of scarce section, the conversion of memory protection phase address etc.In addition, because a section has been divided into some pages or leaves again, each section must be set up a page table again the empty transformation of page in the section is become the actual pages in the internal memory.Obviously, identical when managing with page, the skip leaf list item of functions such as Interrupt Process and page protection of corresponding realization also will be arranged in the page table.In addition, because in segmentation paging system management, page table no longer is to belong to process but belong to certain section, therefore, should have special project to point out the page table of the corresponding page table of this section institute begin location and page table length in the segment table.In a word, because the segmentation paging system management is the page Managed Solution be combined into of segment management, so have the advantage of their two sounds.But owing to the increase of management software, complicacy and expense have also just increased thereupon conversely speaking.In addition, hardware of Xu Yaoing and the internal memory that takies also increase to some extent.The more important thing is,, will make that execution speed descends greatly if do not adopt the mode of association's register to improve the interior speed of visit of CPU.
In the segmentation paging system way to manage, distribute and the managing internal memory space with the page method, promptly internal memory is divided into some equal-sized pages; With the segmentation method user program is divided into plurality of sections according to its inherent logical relation; According to the size of dividing memory pages, each section is divided into some equal-sized pages again; The logical address of user program is made up of three parts, and form is as follows: address in segment number, page number, the page or leaf; Internal memory is that base unit is distributed to each user program with the page or leaf, and logically adjacent page internal memory is not necessarily adjacent.
There are dynamic Memory Allocation and release in the segmentation paging system memory management of prior art.According to Principles of Operating System, follow the increase of distribution number of times and the uncertainty of allocated size, idle memory block is always arranged owing to improper the lying on the table of size in dynamic Memory Allocation and the release, therefore this existing memory management mode is difficult to eliminate memory fragmentation, and has memory fragmentation all the time in memory management.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the fundamental purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to propose a kind of EMS memory management process, to eliminate the memory fragmentation in the memory management.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to propose a kind of internal storage management system, to eliminate the memory fragmentation in the memory management.
A purpose again of the embodiment of the invention is to propose a kind of internal memory using method, uses internal memory with no fragment ground.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is achieved in that
A kind of EMS memory management process, this method comprises the memory headroom of allocating fixed size in advance, this method also comprises:
Content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship;
Each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
Describedly content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship is: the integral multiple section that content to be stored is divided into 4K according to its internal logical relationship.
Described each section is divided at least one page and is: an integral multiple page that each section is divided into 4K.
The integral multiple of 4K comprises: 4K, 16K, 64K or 256K.
The storage space span of each page in 1 byte between the 32 multiple bytes of 1 byte.Preferably, 32 multiple bytes of described 1 byte are the 4G byte.
Described each section is divided at least one page and is: each section is divided at least one equal-sized page.
A kind of internal storage management system, this system comprises memory headroom allocation units, segment management unit and page management unit, wherein:
The memory headroom allocation units are used for the memory headroom in internal memory distribution fixed size;
The segment management unit is used for content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship;
The page management unit is used for each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each page, and wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
Described segment management unit is used for content to be stored is divided into according to its internal logical relationship integral multiple number the section of 4K.
Described page management unit is used for each section is divided into the integral multiple page of 4K.
Described page management unit, be used for each the section be divided at least one equal-sized page, and the storage space span of each page in 1 byte between the 32 multiple bytes of 1 byte.
A kind of internal memory using method, this method comprises the memory headroom of allocating fixed size in advance, and content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship; Each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each different page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region;
This method also comprises:
Judge whether free page is arranged in first free segment, if do not have, then judge whether free page is arranged in the next free segment, until finding free page and ejecting the numbering of this free page, to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page, if in first free segment free page is arranged, then eject the numbering of this free page, to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page.
This method further comprises: behind the physical memory first address of the free page that obtains first free segment, further according to the page number of appointment, from the physical memory first address of the free page of this first free segment, use the page of described appointment number.
From technique scheme, as can be seen, in embodiments of the present invention, at first allocate the memory headroom of fixed size in advance, then content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship; And each section is divided at least one page, and adopt doubly linked list to link each page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.Use after the present invention, adopt the stacking-type administration page, the employing doubly linked list connects each different page or leaf, and owing to memory size is allocated in advance, therefore can carry out Dram distribution and recovery in scrappy ground, and is constant thereby internal memory can keep stablizing.In addition, method of the present invention implements simply, and the development and maintenance cost is also very low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the exemplary schematic representation of page management in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the exemplary schematic representation of segment management in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is the EMS memory management process exemplary flow chart according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the demonstrative structure figure according to the internal storage management system of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the exemplary flow chart according to the internal memory using method of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the exemplary schematic representation according to the memory allocation method of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is for to describe synoptic diagram according to the page data head of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the exemplary schematic representation according to the method for recovering internal storage of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention express clearlyer, the present invention is further described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments.
The main thought of the embodiment of the invention is: the present invention stores as follow-on segmentation paging system, adopts the stack management page, adopts doubly linked list to connect each different page or leaf.Be specially: in memory bar, distribute the storage space of fixed size earlier, then content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship; Each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
Fig. 3 is the EMS memory management process exemplary flow chart according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 3, this method comprises:
Step 301: the memory headroom of allocating fixed size in advance.
At first on storage mediums such as internal storage location, memory bar, storer, allocate the memory headroom of fixed size here, in advance.
Step 302: content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship.
Wherein,, preferably, content to be stored can be divided into integral multiple the section of 4K according to its internal logical relationship, here such as being divided into 65535 sections (64K just).Preferably, the integral multiple of 4K is 4 multiples of 4K, for example is 4K, 16K, 64K or 256K etc.
In fact, also can with content to be stored according to its internal logical relationship be divided into other number the section, the present invention there is no any qualification to this.This sentences 65535 sections only is exemplary for example describes the present invention, and does not constitute any qualification of the present invention.
Step 303: each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
, each section can be divided into the integral multiple page of 4K here, and the storage space span of each page in 1 byte between the 32 multiple bytes of 1 byte.
Such as, the storage space of a page can be set at 1 byte, 32 bytes, 64 bytes, 128 bytes or the like, in 32 operating system commonly used at present, the storage space of a page can be divided into the 4G byte at most.
In addition, each section can also be divided into the equal-sized page, and the page size of dividing also can be unequal.
Based on above-mentioned memory management mode, Fig. 4 is the internal storage management system exemplary flow chart according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 4, this system connects internal storage location 404, is used for internal storage location 404 is managed.This system comprises: memory headroom allocation units 401, segment management unit 402 and page management unit 403, wherein:
Memory headroom allocation units 401 are used for the memory headroom in internal memory distribution fixed size, just distribute the memory headroom of fixed size in internal storage location 404.
Based on above-mentioned memory management mode, the invention allows for a kind of internal memory using method, at first allocate the memory headroom of fixed size in advance, content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship; Each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each different page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
Then, this method can also comprise judging whether free page is arranged in first free segment, if do not have, then judge whether free page is arranged in the next free segment, until finding free page and ejecting the numbering of this free page, to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page, if in first free segment free page is arranged, then eject the numbering of this free page, to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page.
Wherein, behind the physical memory first address of the free page that obtains first free segment, can be further according to the page number of appointment, from the physical memory first address of the free page of this first free segment, use the page of described appointment number.
Analyze the present invention with a concrete example below.In memory management, comprise processes such as Memory Allocation, internal memory use and internal memory recovery.
Fig. 5 is the exemplary schematic representation according to the internal memory using method of the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 6 is the exemplary schematic representation according to the memory allocation method of the embodiment of the invention.
As seen from Figure 5, in this embodiment, content to be stored is divided into maximum 65535 sections according to its internal logical relationship; Each section is divided into maximum 65535 pages, and adopts doubly linked list to link each different page, and wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.After the foundation foregoing description is distributed memory headroom, when needs obtain internal memory, at first judge whether free page is arranged in first free segment, if do not have, then judge whether free page is arranged in the next free segment, until the numbering that finds free page and eject this free page to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page, if wherein in first free segment free page is arranged, the numbering that then ejects this free page just can be used internal memory according to this physical memory first address then to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page.
Specifically: suppose the buffer zone of a 10K of request, when the internal storage management system initialization, at first create a fixing big internal memory so, therefore the new internal memory of not reallocating later on can keep not having memory fragmentation.For the sake of simplicity, suppose current 1 section that is configured to, each section has 100 pages, and every page is the 10K size, and top margin is connected with the two-way table that connects.If search current free segment is 1, and 100 pages of the inside all are not have user mode.According to application need, extract a page or leaf and just can meet the demands, and use page or leaf from the top margin chained list, to propose this, and then current use page or leaf is returned to the user.As seen from Figure 6, under initial situation, have free page 1, free page 2, free page 3 ... up to free page 65535.When preparing to distribute 2 free page (page 1 and the page 2), at first distributed 2 free page to use for concrete application (application), page table pointers has been moved down into the 3rd page of place then.
Fig. 7 is for to describe synoptic diagram according to the page data head of the embodiment of the invention, wherein: each page data all has the head (head) of a regular length, and this is used for describing the position (size can be 12 bytes) at this piece page data place; Each page data also has the business datum that this page time of the last page number of following page number, 2 byte-sized of the page or leaf segment number of one 2 byte-sized and 2 byte-sized and 4 byte-sized arranges and do not limit size.
Fig. 8 is the exemplary schematic representation according to the method for recovering internal storage of the embodiment of the invention.Such as, before internal memory reclaimed, the stack top page number that current page table points to was 9, the page number of using before then is that 1 the page is released, and this page number is gone into the page table stack; The page number that to use in the past is 2 page release again, and this page number (page number of the page 2) is gone into the page table stack, and page number 1 is all idle now with page number 2 like this, and their physical data internal memory is in idle condition now, can offer subsequent applications and use.
In sum, use after the present invention, adopt the stacking-type administration page, adopt doubly linked list to connect each different page or leaf, and memory size allocates in advance, therefore can scrappy ground carry out that Dram distributes and recovery, internal memory can keep stablizing constant.In addition, method of the present invention realizes simple, and the development and maintenance cost is low.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of EMS memory management process is characterized in that, this method comprises the memory headroom of allocating fixed size in advance, and this method also comprises:
Content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship;
Each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
2, EMS memory management process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, describedly content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship is: the integral multiple section that content to be stored is divided into 4K according to its internal logical relationship.
3, EMS memory management process according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described each section is divided at least one page and is: an integral multiple page that each section is divided into 4K.
4, EMS memory management process according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the integral multiple of described 4K comprises: 4K, 16K, 64K or 256K.
5, EMS memory management process according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the storage space span of each page in 1 byte between the 32 multiple bytes of 1 byte.
6, EMS memory management process according to claim 5 is characterized in that, 32 multiple bytes of described 1 byte are the 4G byte.
7, EMS memory management process according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described each section is divided at least one page and is: each section is divided at least one equal-sized page.
8, a kind of internal storage management system is characterized in that, this system comprises memory headroom allocation units, segment management unit and page management unit, wherein:
The memory headroom allocation units are used for the memory headroom in internal memory distribution fixed size;
The segment management unit is used for content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship;
The page management unit is used for each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each page, and wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region.
9, internal storage management system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described segment management unit is used for content to be stored is divided into according to its internal logical relationship integral multiple number the section of 4K.
10, internal storage management system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described page management unit is used for each section is divided into the integral multiple page of 4K.
11, internal storage management system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described page management unit, be used for each the section be divided at least one equal-sized page, and the storage space span of each page in 1 byte between the 32 multiple bytes of 1 byte.
12, a kind of internal memory using method is characterized in that, this method comprises the memory headroom of allocating fixed size in advance, and content to be stored is divided at least one section according to its internal logical relationship; Each section is divided at least one page, and adopts doubly linked list to link each different page, wherein the storage space of single page is continuous, and the page pool of a plurality of links is a continuous virtual buffering region;
This method also comprises:
Judge whether free page is arranged in first free segment, if do not have, then judge whether free page is arranged in the next free segment, until the numbering that finds free page and eject this free page to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page, if wherein in first free segment free page is arranged, the numbering that then ejects this free page is to obtain the physical memory first address of this free page.
13, internal memory using method according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, this method further comprises: behind the physical memory first address of the free page that obtains first free segment, further according to the page number of appointment, from the physical memory first address of the free page of this first free segment, use the page of described appointment number.
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| CNA2007101275020A CN101075214A (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2007-06-28 | Method and system for managing memory |
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| CN102541623A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-04 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Memory space simulation method for embedded processor |
| WO2013155750A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-24 | 中国人民大学 | Page colouring technology-based memory database access optimization method |
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| CN101470632B (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2014-10-08 | 华为软件技术有限公司 | Sharing internal memory management method and apparatus |
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