CN101065202A - Molten metal ladle - Google Patents
Molten metal ladle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101065202A CN101065202A CNA2005800403942A CN200580040394A CN101065202A CN 101065202 A CN101065202 A CN 101065202A CN A2005800403942 A CNA2005800403942 A CN A2005800403942A CN 200580040394 A CN200580040394 A CN 200580040394A CN 101065202 A CN101065202 A CN 101065202A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- packet
- opening
- motlten metal
- cast packet
- ladle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxide skin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/04—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like tiltable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/04—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like tiltable
- B22D41/05—Tea-pot spout ladles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
A molten metal ladle in which scales adhering to the lining surface can be removed easily and surely. In a molten metal ladle (1) comprising a bottomed tubular ladle body (10) having an upper opening, the ladle body (10) consists of a ladle upper section (12) and a ladle lower section (11) wherein the ladle upper section (12) is connected with the upper end of the ladle lower section (11). Lining layers (17, 18) are provided on the insides of the ladle upper section (12) and the ladle lower section (11), and the innermost surface of the lining layer (18) of the ladle upper section (12) is inclined such that the opening area decreases from the upper end of the lining layer (17) of the ladle lower section (11) toward the edge of the opening (13).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of motlten metal cast packet.
Background technology
Up to now, the transportation of aluminium or similar motlten metal is taked earlier motlten metal to be taken out and topples over into motlten metal cast packet from smelting furnace in Foundry Works always, with fork truck etc. its mode that is transported to the production scene in the Foundry Works or outside the factory is finished then.Patent documentation 1 has disclosed the example of this motlten metal cast packet.
As shown in Figure 4, the motlten metal cast packet 100 that discloses in the patent documentation 1 comprises the inclusion 102 that has motlten metal discharge nozzle 101 and is arranged on the lid 104 of inclusion 102 top cover on opening 103.As shown in the figure, inclusion 102 has cross section structure as follows, and wherein the shell 105 that is formed by steel plate is arranged on outermost, and the backing layer of being made up of heat-barrier material 106 and refractory material 107 108 is arranged within the shell 105.
When motlten metal cast packet 100 repeatedly was applied to transport motlten metal, oxide skin, slag and analog were attached to the inner surface of the backing layer 108 of inclusion 102.If oxide skin, slag and analog attached to the inner surface of backing layer 108 drop into motlten metal, so, just taken place such as the problem that reduces motlten metal purity.Therefore, thing such as oxide skin, slag must be removed or just remove when it adheres to termly.A kind of method of utilizing scraper or similar tool that oxide skin, slag and analog are wiped off is used as the means of removing attached to oxide skin, slag and the analog of backing layer 108 inner surfaces.
The open No.2000-106935 of [patent documentation 1] Japanese unexamined patent publication No.
Summary of the invention
[inventing problem to be solved]
Yet the backing layer 108 that will clear up in the inclusion that is arranged on the motlten metal cast packet of patent documentation 1 is very difficult.Particularly, because the inner surface 108b of the upper gasket nexine 108a that is provided with on the inner surface of the top of inclusion 102 102a is a level, therefore, operating personnel have to the head of he (she) is put in opening 103, or go to check adhesion condition and the removal situation at inner surface 108b such as oxide skin, slag with mirror.This just makes adhesion condition and/or the removal situation of checking oxide skin, slag etc. become difficult.In addition, when the inner surface 108b of cleaning top inclusion backing layer 108a or during near regional in the last angle 109 of cleaning backing layer 108, the edge of opening 103 will hinder the operation of scraper or similar removal tool.This situation seriously has influence on cleaning and removal work, makes the thorough removal of things such as oxide skin, slag become very difficult.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome the above problems, and a kind of motlten metal cast packet is provided, and makes attached to the oxide skin on its backing layer, slag and analog and can easily and reliably get rid of.
[means of dealing with problems]
Purpose of the present invention can be included in the motlten metal cast packet that the bottom tube-like inclusion is arranged that the top has an opening and realizes that wherein, inclusion comprises direct casting packet portion and following cast packet part by a kind of; The direct casting packet portion is connected to down the upper end of cast packet part, and the inboard of direct casting packet portion and following cast packet part is provided with backing layer; The inner surface of the backing layer of direct casting packet portion forms the inclined-plane, and oneself diminishes its aperture area to the edge of opening the upper end of cast packet part backing layer down gradually.
In this motlten metal cast packet, shown in longitudinal section, it is preferred that the inclined-plane certainly the top of descending cast packet backing layer partly to the edge of opening has fixing inclination angle.
It also is preferred that backing layer is formed by heat-barrier material and refractory material.
The effect of invention
The invention provides a kind of motlten metal cast packet, wherein can easily and reliably be removed attached to things such as the lip-deep oxide skin of its backing layer, slags.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) shows the sectional view of motlten metal cast packet according to an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 1 (b) shows along the sectional view of Fig. 1 (a) of straight line A-A intercepting.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view that motlten metal cast packet according to another embodiment of the invention is shown.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view that motlten metal cast packet according to still another embodiment of the invention is shown.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of known motlten metal cast packet.
[explanation of reference marker]
1 motlten metal cast packet
10 inclusions
11 times cast packet parts
12 direct casting packet portions
13 openings
14 shells
15 heat-barrier materials
16 refractory materials
17 lower liner layers
The 17a inner surface
18 upper gasket nexines
The 18a inner surface
19 lid backing layers
20 coupling parts
30 motlten metal discharge nozzles
31 pressure-producing parts
32 lids
33 footing
The 33a fork pockets
The specific embodiment
Describe motlten metal cast packet of the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.Fig. 1 (a) is the sectional view of motlten metal cast packet according to an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 1 (b) is the sectional view along Fig. 1 (a) of straight line A-A intercepting.
As shown in Figure 1, the motlten metal cast packet is the cast packet of discharging motlten metal by applying of pressure.Motlten metal cast packet 1 comprises inclusion 10, motlten metal discharge nozzle 30, pressure-producing part 31, lid 32 and a pair of footing 33,33.
As what see at horizontal sectional view, inclusion 10 has circular tubular form, and it comprises cast packet part 11 and direct casting packet portion 12 down.Following cast packet part 11 is cylinders that the end is arranged that fixed outer diameter is arranged, and its upper end is connected with direct casting packet portion 12.At the top of direct casting packet portion 12, be formed with the diameter opening 13 littler than the bottom surface internal diameter of following cast packet part 11.Direct casting packet portion 12 has conical profile, and promptly its horizontal sectional area diminishes to top gradually Zi the upper end of following cast packet part 11.Notice that following cast packet part 11 and direct casting packet portion 12 can form with the mode of one, perhaps also can with separately independently mode form then and couple together with attaching parts.
The cross section structure of following cast packet part 11 is to be provided at an outer portion with the shell 14 that is formed by steel plate, and is provided with the lower liner layer 17 that is formed by heat-barrier material 15 and refractory material 16 along shell 14, and it has and shell 14 similar shapes.Direct casting packet portion 12 has the cross section structure identical with following cast packet part 11, wherein be provided at an outer portion with the shell 14 that forms by steel plate, and form and have the inside that is formed on shell 14 with the upper gasket nexine 18 of shell 14 similar shapes by heat-barrier material 15 and refractory material 16.The inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 forms the inclined-plane, and wherein the edge to opening 13 diminishes aperture area gradually from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17.In the longitdinal cross-section diagram of Fig. 1, the edge that this beveled becomes from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17 to opening 13 has fixing inclination angle.
Here, insulating fire brick, the ceramic fibre felt, plaster etc. can be used as the raw material of heat-barrier material 15.Refractory brick, but casting refractory, plastic refractory material etc. can be used as the raw material of refractory material 16.
One end 30a of motlten metal discharge nozzle 30 is near the inside of the inclusion 10 opening bottom surface, and other end 30b is to the outside opening of inclusion 10.
Pressure-producing part 31 protrudes upward sideling from inclusion 10, and it comprises compressed air inlet 31a.Compressed-air actuated device (for example compressor) is provided, and it does not illustrate in the drawings, is connected to compressed air inlet 31a.Utilize compressed air in inclusion 10, to exert pressure and cast so that motlten metal is ejected from motlten metal discharge nozzle 30.Note, also can replace compressed air to pressurize with the inert gas of compression in inclusion 10 inside.
But the lid 32 that folding is set at inclusion 10 tops is used for covering the opening 13 of inclusion 10.The cross section structure of this lid 32 is such, and promptly the shell 14 that is formed by steel plate is arranged on outermost, comprises that the lid backing layer 19 of heat-barrier material 15 and refractory material 16 is arranged on shell 14 inside.
A pair of footing 33,33 is arranged on the bottom surface of inclusion 10 as follows, and promptly a footing 33 is parallel to another footing 33.The fork pockets 33a that wherein can insert the fork truck fork is formed in each footing 33, so that motlten metal cast packet 1 can be carried by fork truck.
A kind of cleaning and removal will be explained below attached to the upper gasket nexine 18 of the motlten metal cast packet 1 of top described structure and the method for things such as the oxide skin on the lower liner layer 17, slag.At first, the operating personnel that remove operation open cover 32, from opening 13 inspections on the inclusion 10 tops adhesion condition attached to things such as the oxide skin at positions such as upper gasket nexine 18 and lower liner layer 17, slags.
Then, utilize scraper or similar removal tool to remove attached to things such as the oxide skin on upper gasket nexine 18 and the lower liner layer 17, slags.Concrete, by scraper or similar removal tool being inserted into the inner surface 18a that removes in the inclusion 10 attached to upper gasket nexine 18 and lower liner layer 17, things such as the oxide skin on the 17a, slag from opening 13.
Because the inner surface of the upper gasket nexine 18 in direct casting packet portion 12 forms the inclined-plane, wherein, edge to opening 13 diminishes aperture area gradually from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17, and the operating personnel of things such as scale removal, slag needn't be when removing operation stretch into his or her head and remove to check adhesion condition in the opening 13.This just makes at all surface 18a that checks upper gasket nexine 18 and lower liner layer 17, the adhering to of 17a/when removing situation, operating personnel's thing such as scale removal, slag reliably just on comfortable position, the outside of opening 13.In addition, when the near zone of the coupling part 20 between the inner surface 17a of the inner surface 18a of the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 or upper gasket nexine 18 and lower liner layer 17 is cleared up, operating personnel can operate scraper under the condition that not hindered by opening 13 edges or similar tool is carried out work, and this has just simplified the removal operation.
Because the inner surface 18a of the upper gasket nexine 18 in the direct casting packet portion 12 forms the inclined-plane, wherein the edge to opening 13 diminishes aperture area gradually from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17, like this, when motlten metal is placed in down cast packet part 11, just makes between molten metal surface and lid 32 the inner surface and formed a space.When transporting motlten metal cast packet 1 or toppling over motlten metal, even motlten metal splashes in inclusion 10, this space also can prevent on the inner surface of motlten metal attached to lid 32 effectively.
Furtherly, because the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 forms the inclined-plane, and shown in the sectional view of Fig. 1 b, edge from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17 to opening 13 has fixing inclination angle, therefore can easily check adhering to and the removal situation of oxide skin on inner surface 18a, slag etc.When being removed attached to things such as the oxide skin on the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18, slags, things such as the grip position that operating personnel needn't change scraper or similar removal tool significantly just can scale removal, slag, therefore, removal work can be carried out apace.
In direct casting packet portion 12, because the set-up mode of upper gasket nexine 18 is: the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 forms the inclined-plane, wherein the edge to opening 13 diminishes aperture area from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17, this just can prevent coming off of refractory material 16 (as refractory brick) effectively, and described refractory material 16 forms upper gasket nexine 18.In other words, because a part of weight of each refractory material 16 is all being supported by the refractory material 16 that its below is right after, the tension load that produces at gravity direction on refractory material 16 liner surface has reduced, so coming off of refractory material 16 stoped effectively.
Here, the oblique line of the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 is preferably with angle theta between that line that edge with coupling part 20 and opening 13 links to each other, make that scraper can not blocked by the edge of opening 13 when the straight scraper of the usefulness as shown in the sectional view of Fig. 1 (b) is cleared up attached to things such as the oxide skin on the inner surface 18a, slags.For example, the inclination angle is preferred between 5 °-30 °.
One embodiment of the present of invention have been described in the above; Yet advantage of the present invention is not limited in this.Such as, in this embodiment, upper wrapping body part 12 is conical in shape, but, form the inclined-plane as long as be arranged on the inner surface 18a of the upper gasket nexine 18 in the direct casting packet portion 12, wherein, the edge towards opening 13 diminishes aperture area from the upper end of lower liner layer 17, then the profile of direct casting packet portion 12 is just unrestricted, and its profile can be the cylindrical body that same outer diameter as is arranged on short transverse.
Further, in this embodiment, the motlten metal cast packet of compression type is used as motlten metal cast packet 1, and wherein, casting is by waiting to pressurize and carry out outside being discharged to will be stored in motlten metal inclusion 10 in to the inner compressed air that add of cast packet 10.Yet, also can utilize a kind of tilting motlten metal cast packet as shown in Figure 2, by this cast packet, can utilize inclination motlten metal cast packet that motlten metal is discharged by discharging opening 51.
In this embodiment, shown in the sectional view of Fig. 1 (b), the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 forms the inclined-plane that has fixed angle from the upper end of the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17 to the edge of opening 13.Yet shown in the sectional view of Fig. 3, the inner surface 18a of upper gasket nexine 18 also can form the inclined-plane with smoothed curve, and it connects the inner surface 17a of lower liner layer 17 and the edge of opening 13.
Claims (3)
1. a motlten metal cast packet includes the tubular inclusion at the end and opening at an upper portion thereof;
Described inclusion is provided with direct casting packet portion and following cast packet part;
Described direct casting packet portion is connected to the upper end of the described part of cast packet down;
Described direct casting packet portion and described down cast packet part each all within it portion be provided with backing layer;
The inner surface of the backing layer of described direct casting packet portion forms the inclined-plane with opening, and the upper end of oneself following cast packet of the area of this opening backing layer partly diminishes towards the edge of opening.
2. according to the motlten metal cast packet of claim 1, wherein, when seeing in longitdinal cross-section diagram, to edge of opening, described inclined-plane has fixing inclination angle from the upper end of the backing layer of the described part of cast packet down.
3. according to the motlten metal cast packet of claim 1 or 2, wherein said backing layer is formed by heat-barrier material and refractory material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP379356/2004 | 2004-12-28 | ||
| JP2004379356A JP3903321B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2004-12-28 | Molten metal ladle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101065202A true CN101065202A (en) | 2007-10-31 |
Family
ID=36614648
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005800403942A Pending CN101065202A (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2005-10-14 | Molten metal ladle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090065987A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1832363A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3903321B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101065202A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006070522A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103418783A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-12-04 | 无锡蠡湖叶轮制造有限公司 | Mouth used for gravity-cast quantitative furnace |
| CN104959588A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 无锡夕阳康科技有限公司 | Casting pot with stopper used for gravity casting of aluminum alloy |
| TWI572581B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2017-03-01 | Jfe Steel Corp | A method for manufacturing a lining structure of a molten metal container, and a lining structure of a molten metal container |
| CN108907166A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-11-30 | 苏州诺瑞达新材料科技有限公司 | Long range aluminum water packet with protective device |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120240831A1 (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | Guilherme Martins Ferreira | System and Process for the Combustion of Solid Fuels |
| CN105328176B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆志成机械有限公司 | A kind of rotatably adjustable blowning installation |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1535482A (en) * | 1923-10-04 | 1925-04-28 | Fred E Kling | Ladle |
| US3277716A (en) * | 1963-11-06 | 1966-10-11 | Koppers Co Inc | Hot metal ladle continuous temperature measuring device |
| JPS51147510A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1976-12-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method of measuring working surface profile of refractory lining vessels and of mending the surface |
| IT1075031B (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1985-04-22 | Mannesmann Ag | LID ARRANGEMENT FOR LADIES OR CONTAINERS FOR METALLURGICAL TREATMENTS |
| SU969453A1 (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1982-10-30 | Восточный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт огнеупорной промышленности | Apparatus for making cast-in-place lining for metallurgical vessels |
| US4931090A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1990-06-05 | Zia Technology, Inc. | Pneumatic steelmaking vessel and method of producing steel |
| JPH06190539A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-07-12 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Device for supplying molten metal |
| DE19706056C1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-05-28 | Mannesmann Ag | Metallurgical vessel |
| DE19736720C1 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-05-06 | Mannesmann Ag | Metallurgical vessel |
| JP3325256B2 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2002-09-17 | 株式会社大紀アルミニウム工業所 | Ladle transport device and ladle transport vehicle equipped with it |
| JP2003205361A (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-22 | Tamashima Keikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Slag removal working machine |
-
2004
- 2004-12-28 JP JP2004379356A patent/JP3903321B2/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-10-14 EP EP05793202A patent/EP1832363A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-14 WO PCT/JP2005/018925 patent/WO2006070522A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-14 US US11/665,837 patent/US20090065987A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-14 CN CNA2005800403942A patent/CN101065202A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103418783A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-12-04 | 无锡蠡湖叶轮制造有限公司 | Mouth used for gravity-cast quantitative furnace |
| TWI572581B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2017-03-01 | Jfe Steel Corp | A method for manufacturing a lining structure of a molten metal container, and a lining structure of a molten metal container |
| CN104959588A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 无锡夕阳康科技有限公司 | Casting pot with stopper used for gravity casting of aluminum alloy |
| CN108907166A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-11-30 | 苏州诺瑞达新材料科技有限公司 | Long range aluminum water packet with protective device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006070522A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| EP1832363A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
| JP3903321B2 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
| US20090065987A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
| JP2006181615A (en) | 2006-07-13 |
| EP1832363A4 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |