CN101063620A - 一种经由对悬架挡块转动的频率分析确定侧倾状态的方法 - Google Patents

一种经由对悬架挡块转动的频率分析确定侧倾状态的方法 Download PDF

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CN101063620A
CN101063620A CNA2007101021081A CN200710102108A CN101063620A CN 101063620 A CN101063620 A CN 101063620A CN A2007101021081 A CNA2007101021081 A CN A2007101021081A CN 200710102108 A CN200710102108 A CN 200710102108A CN 101063620 A CN101063620 A CN 101063620A
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rolling condition
wheel
data
parameter
inclination parameter
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奥利维耶·布朗尚
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NTN SNR Roulements SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种确定机动车车轮的至少一个侧倾状态的方法，车轮经由与悬架挡块结合成一体的麦弗逊支柱安装在所述车辆的底盘(2)上，悬架挡块包括相对于底盘(2)的转动部件(3)，所述方法设想利用装置来检测转动部件(3)的角位移，所述装置适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号表示所述随时间的所述角位移，所述方法设想：执行模拟位移信号的频率分析以便获得包括至少一个频率窗的光谱，其中至少一个所述光谱的数据以侧倾参数为基准；测量至少一个所述数据；从数据中确定至少一个与侧倾参数或所述侧倾参数的改进相对应的侧倾状态。

Description

一种经由对悬架挡块转动的频率分析确定侧倾状态的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定至少一个机动车车轮侧倾状态的方法，以及一种组件，该组件包括结合到麦弗逊(MacPherson)支柱内部的悬架挡块，经由该支柱机动车车轮安装在所述车辆的底盘上。
背景技术
在许多应用中，特别在涉及如ABS或ESP的机动车动力控制系统中，有必要周期性地确定机动车车轮的一些侧倾状态。特别地，将要被确定的侧倾状态可包括车轮轮胎内的气压。
为确定轮胎的压力，已知使用直接测量，该直接测量通过设想如固定到车轮的压力传感器和固定到底盘上的装置来实现。该装置用于检测传感器产生的信号以便得到在车辆坐标系内的可利用的测量。
所述确定策略存在潜在的缺陷，即需要特定地传感器、检测装置以及所述特定交互通信方式的集成。
此外，用于确定车轮状态的方法为已知的，该方法特别设想车轮的转速处理。然而，在这样的用于确定侧倾状态的间接策略的情况下，很难证明影响车轮转速信号的各种侧倾参数不相互关联。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过提出特别是确定侧倾状态的间接方法来解决上述问题，并且这是基于结合到麦弗逊支柱的悬架挡块实现的。
与此相关并根据第一方面，本发明提出了一种确定机动车车轮的至少一个侧倾状态的方法，所述车轮经由与悬架挡块结合成一体的麦弗逊支柱安装在所述车辆的底盘上，所述悬架挡块包括相对于底盘的转动部件，所述方法设想利用装置来检测转动部件的角位移，所述装置适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号表示随时间的所述角位移，所述方法设想：
-执行模拟位移信号的频率分析以便获得包括至少一个频率窗的光谱，其中至少一个所述光谱的数据以侧倾参数为基准；
-测量至少一个所述数据；
-从数据中确定至少一个与侧倾参数或所述侧倾参数的改进相对应的侧倾状态。
根据第二方面，本发明提出了一种包括结合到麦弗逊支柱的悬架挡块的组件，机动车车轮经由麦弗逊支柱安装在所述车辆的底盘上，所述挡块包括固定部件和旋转部件，悬架弹簧搁置在所述旋转部件上，所述组件包括用于检测旋转部件相对于固定部件的角位移，所述装置适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号代表随时间的所述角位移。该组件进一步包括用于确定至少一个车轮侧倾状态的装置，所述装置包括模拟位移信号的频率分析设备、测量至少一个所述光谱数据的设备和所述数据的处理设备，所述数据适用于确定至少一个车轮的侧倾状态。
本发明的其他的特征和优点将在下面参考附图所进行的描述中表现出来，其中附图部分地并在纵向截面显示了包括依照本发明的一个实施例的包括悬架挡块的组件。
本发明涉及一种确定至少一个在地面上的机动车车轮的侧倾状态的方法。正如已知的，车轮经由允许相对于地面的物体悬浮的麦弗逊支柱安装在机动车辆的底盘2上。与此相关，麦弗逊支柱通常包括减震器、悬架弹簧和悬架挡块，弹簧4搁置在悬架挡块上。
该悬架挡块包括上固定部件1和下旋转部件3，弹簧4搁置在下旋转部件上以便引起所述旋转环的转动。实际上，当弹簧4承载压缩载荷并释放压力时，所述弹簧的螺管本身的侧倾是改变的，这导致了旋转部件3的转动。
在所述作用力期间，该系统具有质量-弹簧型动力特性，麦弗逊支柱将车辆的悬挂质量连接到与地面接触的非悬挂质量上。此外，车轮轮胎同样具有弹簧/震动吸收器类型的动态操作。因此所述系统的动力特性具有固有频率。该固有频率依赖于形成系统的各个部件的特性，特别地依赖于减震器特性、弹簧4的特性和轮胎的特性。
本发明如上介绍的目的在于分析麦弗逊支柱的动态特性，以便能够确定轮的至少一个侧倾状态。
这样做，该方法设想利用检测悬架挡块的旋转部件3的角位移的装置。该装置适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号代表随时间的所述角位移，所述位移依赖于麦弗逊支柱和车轮的动力特性。
参考附图描述了一种组件，该组件包括悬架挡块和这样的检测装置，所述装置包括脉冲发生编码器11和相对于编码器11的固定传感器12，编码器11在旋转到旋转部件3期间是固定的，固定传感器12适于检测脉冲以便产生随时间的模拟信号。根据实施例所显示的，传感器12固定到车辆的底盘2上，但其还可以设想为使麦弗逊支柱的一个部件的所述传感器固定，特别是将悬架挡块的固定部件1固定。
在一个具体的例子中，编码器11由以合成材料制成的承载有磁粉特别是铁氧体的多级磁环组成，多对南北极在所述环上生成。然而，考虑到转动的低振幅，可以设想仅包括一个多级环形截面的编码器11。
相关联的传感器12可以包括至少两个敏感部件，该敏感部件例如可以在包括霍尔效应探针、磁阻、巨型磁阻器或TMR(通道磁阻)型探针的组中选择。实际上，正如已知的，所述探针允许模拟信号根据编码器11的转动被提供，与编码器11相对，探针以气隙间隔设置。
在一个可供选择的实施例中，同样可以使用产生信号的另一技术，例如通过利用具有光学图案的编码器和面对所述编码器设置的光检测器的光学技术。
该确定方法设想执行模拟位移信号的频率分析，例如通过执行所述信号的瞬时的FFT傅利叶变换来实现。所述分析允许从旋转部件3提取位移信号的单独的瞬时频率，并分别分配给这些频率一振幅。
如上所述，包括车轮和麦弗逊支柱的组件的动态特性依赖于所述组件各部件的具体的特性。因此，频率分析可以这样的执行，即获得的光谱包括频率窗，其中至少一个光谱的数据基于与部件特性相应的侧倾特性。
特别的，可以执行包括车轮和麦弗逊支柱的组件的校准，以在至少一个光谱数据和侧倾状态之间建立一种关系。在可供选择的实施例中，可以执行与此相关的数字式模拟。此外，人们注意到车轮的转向角的影响可以与侧倾状态的确定不相关，因为后者的固有频率与所述通过侧倾动态条件产生的不属于同一数量级。
根据一个实施例，侧倾参数在影响包括车轮和麦弗逊支柱的组件的刚性的参数组中选择，特别是在车轮的轮胎压力、所述轮胎的磨损状态、麦弗逊支柱的减震器状态中选择。实际上，每一个所述参数的值影响组件的刚性，并因此影响通过FFT傅利叶变换分析中提取的固有频率。
在可供选择的实施例中，侧倾参数可以在包括车轮和麦弗逊支柱的组件所非固有的同时影响组件的动态特性的参数组中选择，如车轮所侧倾的道路的状态。
特别地，可能辨别包括至少一行的频率窗，侧倾参数的数据功能在包括行振幅、行宽度、行频率或所述特性组合的参数组中选择。
根据本发明的方法设想在与将要确定的侧倾状态相应的窗中测量至少一个数据。在可供选择的实施例中，可以设想在同样的窗中测量多个数据和/或在超过一个窗中测量一个或多个数据，每个所述数据基于将要确定的侧倾状态。
根据第一实施例，侧倾状态随后通过测量数据与和侧倾参数相应的校准值的比较来确定。特别的，校准值可以从根据侧倾参数的数据演化规律中提取，所述规律可以经由实验或者模拟来建立。
在所述的实施例中，该方法允许侧倾状态以侧倾参数的形式确定，例如以轮胎压力参数的形式确定。此外，该方法的周期性的执行使得侧倾参数被连续地监视并且因此使其对于如车辆动力的控制计算机来说时时有效。
在可供选择的实施例中，侧倾参数可以被周期性地记录，校准值根据所记录值的历史被校准。所述实施例使得可能的偏差在数据和侧倾参数之间的演化规律的时间(in the time of)中被考虑。
根据第二实施方式，侧倾状态通过将侧倾参数的变化与相应所述状态的阈值进行比较来确定。在所述实施例中，例如，如果在预定的时间范围内轮胎中的压力变化超过给定的百分比，则可能确定“瘪胎”的侧倾状态。
特别地，当侧倾状态被周期性的记录时，所述参数可以与至少一个所记录的值比较以确定侧倾状态。
当根据本发明的方法被执行以确定多个侧倾状态时，可以设想所述与侧倾参数相应的一些所述状态和其它与侧倾参数演化相应的状态。特别地，对于轮胎的压力来说，可以设想所述压力值的节点确定和“瘪胎”状态的确定，所述两状态因此能够在车辆动力控制系统的干涉策略中以不同的方式对待。
此外，侧倾状态可以进一步通过利用至少一个其它的侧倾参数确定。根据一个实施例，所述其它的侧倾参数可以是操纵车轮的方向盘的角度、所述车轮的转速、悬架挡块的变形、悬架的下压和/或挡块的旋转部件的旋转角度。因此，通过数据的合并，可能改善所述参数和将要确定的侧倾参数的各自影响之间的光谱中的不相关。
根据一个其它的实施例，附加的参数可能涉及另一个包括车辆的车轮和麦弗逊支柱的组件。特别地，可能通过利用至少一个其它轮胎、特别为同轴的另一个车轮轮胎的压力的确定使根据本发明的轮胎的压力的确定变得可靠。实际上，通过比较该两个压力，有可能辨别是否侧倾状态影响一个轮胎还是影响两个轮胎。
根据附加的实施例，根据本发明的确定方法可以使得侧倾参数的测量变得可靠。特别地，该确定方法可以设想通过频率分析将轮胎压力的直接测量值与预定的压力相比较，以便利用基于所述确定的冗余度。
本发明还涉及一种包括悬架挡块的组件，其实施例在附图中显示。该挡块包括上固定环1、下旋转环2和置于所述环之间的侧倾体5，以便使所述环围绕大体上的垂直轴相对转动。
在该实施例中显示，悬架挡块包括与上环1相关联的上杯状物6，以及与下环3相关联的下杯状物7，所述杯状物与底盘2相关联。
下杯状物7由基本环状的部分组成，该环状部分包括腔8，弹簧4的末端部分搁置在腔中，腔8在弹簧4的转动期间在下杯状物7上提供相对的附着。因此，由于弹簧4螺管的侧倾，下杯状物7上弹簧4的动态响应被转化为相对于上环1的下环3的角位移。下杯状物7例如通过聚酰胺型热塑性材料6.6的模制获得。
在实施例中显示的，上杯状物6由基本环状的部分组成，该环状部分通过浇注环形硬化插入物6a由橡胶模制而成，所述杯状物包括用于接受悬架减震器的杆末端的配合孔6b。
该插入物6a包括径向环形部分和沿轴向向下从径向部分的外边缘延伸的柱状裙部。该轴向的裙部包括环形的径向搭接部分6a′，该搭接部分通过安装到缓冲挡块9上的插入物10安放所述缓冲挡块9。
该缓冲挡块9包括环形的部分和从径向部分的外边缘轴向向下延伸的柱状裙部。
侧倾的环1、3各由各自相关联的如通过与两个杯状物6、7配合的冲压的金属垫圈组成，所述环包括相对设置的电缆管以便接受侧倾体5，在实施例显示中侧倾体5为球形的。特别地，杯状物6、7的几何形状和相关联的环1、3的几何形状是相配的，以使环1、3可靠的附着在杯状物6、7上，并且所述特别涉及径向力。
尽管本发明的描述涉及“第三代”型悬架挡块，其中滤块被结合到上杯状物6中，本发明被本领域技术人员直接转换为具有另一个通用结构的悬架挡块，即，其中挡块的各种功能部件可以不同地装配。此外，所做出的描述同样直接地转换为不具有侧倾类型如平滑支承型或在扭转期间包括可以变形的合成橡胶的部分的悬架挡块，所述挡块总是包括固定部件和承载弹簧4施加的力的旋转部件。
该组件进一步包括检测旋转部件相对于固定部件角位移的装置，所述装置适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号代表随时间的所述角位移。在实施例中显示，编码器与下环相关联以便允许径向识别编码器产生的脉冲。
更具体地，下环从内部向外部并且彼此相互连接的依次包括径向冠部13、电缆管14，并且冠部包括径向部分15和轴向部分16。处于内部的冠部13相对于径向部分15轴向向上偏移。下杯状物7包括两个分别靠着冠部13、15被容纳的圆柱形凸起7a、7b以便提供下环3在杯状物7上的可靠连接。此外，下杯状物7在下侧包括形成腔8轴向壁的圆柱形凸起7c，所述腔的径向壁由下杯状物7主体的下表面形成。
编码器11由在框架17的环状圆柱形支承表面浇注模制而成，框架17例如通过配合与轴向部分16的下轴向表面相关联，这样框架17搁置在轴向部分16的径向外表面上。
传感器12借助于螺钉18与底盘2相关联，所述底盘和上杯状物6包括用于接纳所述传感器的腔以致使敏感部件面向编码器11并与编码器11以气隙间隔定位。此外，所述定位的可靠性通过编码器11搁置在轴向部分16上的事实而被改善，而且传感器12包括倾斜端，该倾斜端允许敏感部件位于大体上平行于编码器11平面的平面内，并且在编码器11的转动期间不对编码器11产生干扰。
本发明不仅仅限于一个将检测装置结合在该组件中的特别的方式，例如，本领域技术人员能够参考描述了多个可能的实施例的专利文献FR-2 847 516。
该组件进一步包括用于确定车轮的至少一个侧倾状态的装置20，以便能够具体的实施如前所述的方法。在实施例中所显示的，确定装置20经由电缆控制的连接部件与传感器12连接，然而，也可以设想其他的信号通信方式。此外，在车辆中放置确定装置20的地点可以不根据对本发明相关的约束来被选择，该地点包括位于车辆的中央计算机中。
依照一个实施例，该装置由包括模拟位移信号的频率分析设备、测量至少一个所述光谱的数据的设备以及所述数据的处理设备的运算器组成，所述数据适于用来确定车轮的至少一个侧倾状态。此外，确定装置20可以包括存储数据的设备。

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1、一种确定机动车车轮的至少一个侧倾状态的方法，所述车轮经由与悬架挡块结合成一体的麦弗逊支柱安装在所述车辆的底盘(2)上，所述悬架挡块包括相对于底盘(2)的转动部件(3)，所述方法设想利用一装置来检测转动部件(3)的角位移，所述装置适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号代表随时间的所述角位移，所述方法设想：
-执行模拟位移信号的频率分析以便获得包括至少一个频率窗的光谱，其中所述光谱的至少一个数据以侧倾参数为基准；
-测量至少一个所述数据；
-从测量数据中确定至少一个与侧倾参数或所述侧倾参数的改进相对应的侧倾状态。
2、如权利要求1所述的确定方法，其特征在于，通过瞬时的FFT傅利叶变换执行频率分析。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的确定方法，其特征在于，频率窗包括至少一行，侧倾参数的功能数据在包括行振幅、行宽、行频率或所述特征的组合的组中选择。
4、如权利要求1-3任何一项所述的确定方法，其特征在于，侧倾参数在影响包括车轮和麦弗逊支柱的组件的硬度的参数组中选择，特别是在车轮轮胎压力、所述轮胎磨损状态、麦弗逊支柱减震器的状态中选择。
5、如权利要求1-4任何一项所述的确定方法，其特征在于，侧倾状态通过将测量数据与相应于侧倾参数的校准值进行比较来确定。
6、如权利要求5所述的确定方法，其特征在于，所述侧倾参数被周期性地记录，校准值根据记录值的历史进行调整。
7、如权利要求1-4任何一项所述的确定方法，其特征在于，侧倾状态通过将侧倾参数的变化与相应于所述状态的阈值进行比较来确定。
8、如权利要求7所述的确定方法，其特征在于，侧倾参数被周期性地记录，所述参数与至少一个记录值比较以便确定侧倾状态。
9、如权利要求1-8任何一项所述的确定方法，其特征在于，侧倾状态进一步利用在操作车轮转向角、车轮转速、悬架挡块变形、悬架的下压和/或挡块旋转部件的旋转角度、在侧倾状态是根据车轮轮胎的压力确定的情况下其他车轮的至少一个轮胎的压力之中的至少一个其他的侧倾参数来确定。
10、一种包括结合到麦弗逊支柱中的悬架挡块的组件，机动车车轮经由麦弗逊支柱被安装在所述车辆的底盘(2)上，所述挡块包括固定部件(1)和悬架弹簧(4)搁置在其上的旋转部件(3)，所述组件包括用于检测旋转部件(3)相对固定部件(1)的角位移的装置，所述装置可适于产生模拟信号，该模拟信号代表随时间的所述角位移，所述组件的特征在于：所述组件进一步包括用于确定车轮的至少一个侧倾状态的装置(20)，所述装置包括模拟位移信号的频率分析设备、测量所述光谱的至少一个数据的设备和所述数据的处理设备，该数据适用于确定车轮的至少一个侧倾状态。
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