CN101062770A - Spherical activated charcoal having high-ratio surface area and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Spherical activated charcoal having high-ratio surface area and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101062770A
CN101062770A CNA2007100410595A CN200710041059A CN101062770A CN 101062770 A CN101062770 A CN 101062770A CN A2007100410595 A CNA2007100410595 A CN A2007100410595A CN 200710041059 A CN200710041059 A CN 200710041059A CN 101062770 A CN101062770 A CN 101062770A
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preparation
active carbon
ball
resin
ball shape
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梁晓怿
王琴
凌立成
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a bowl activated char with high specific surface area and preparing method, which is characterized by the following: the grain size of the bowl activated char is 0. 01mm-2mm, the specific surface area is more than 500m2/g, the hole volume is more than 0. 3cm3/g, the specific surface area of the hole which the hole diameter is less than 2nm is more than 350m2/g, the hole volume which hole diameter is more than 2nm is more than 0. 15 cm3/g. This product possesses bigger absorbance and rate of adsorption, which possesses wider usage compare to now activated char.

Description

Has ball shape active carbon of high-specific surface area and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ball shape active carbon and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of ball shape active carbon and preparation method thereof with high-specific surface area.
Background technology
Ball shape active carbon have tamped density big, be easy to advantages such as filling, wear-resistant, easy to be recycled and long service life, be widely used in fields such as medicine, energy storage, support of the catalyst, gas sweetening and solvent extraction.
Along with development of science and technology, the Application Areas of ball shape active carbon is constantly widened (especially at field of medicaments), to the demands for higher performance (having bigger loading capacity and bigger adsorption rate simultaneously as requiring ball shape active carbon) of ball shape active carbon.
Given this, the invention provides a kind of novel ball gac and satisfy these demands.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of novel ball gac (ball shape active carbon with high-specific surface area) and preparation method thereof is provided.Fill up blank of the prior art.
The said ball shape active carbon of the present invention with high-specific surface area, its particle diameter (diameter) is 0.01mm~2mm, specific surface area (BET) is greater than 500m 2/ g, pore volume is greater than 0.3cm 3/ g;
Wherein: aperture (diameter) less than the specific surface area in 2nm hole greater than 350m 2/ g, aperture (diameter) greater than the pore volume in 2nm hole greater than 0.15cm 3/ g.
Prepare the method for the said ball shape active carbon of the present invention, comprise the steps:
(1) starting raw material that will prepare ball shape active carbon carries out charing and handles having under the rare gas element existence condition, promptly keeps 1 hour~5 hours down in 300 ℃~1100 ℃ states, chooses that to contain the aperture be 2nm~400nm, and its pore volume is greater than 0.1cm 3/ g or specific surface area are greater than 10m 2The spherical carbide of/g is standby;
(2) with KOH solution the spherical carbide that is made by step (1) is activated, activation temperature is 400 ℃~1000 ℃, gets target compound after cooling and washing;
The starting raw material that wherein prepares ball shape active carbon comprises asphaltic base or resin base.
The presoma of said asphaltic base comprises: petroleum pitch, coal-tar pitch or mesophase pitch.
Said resin-based presoma comprises: resol, styrene resin, divinylbenzene resin, acrylonitrile resin, polyvinylidene dichloride resin, methacrylic resin or the resin (as vinylbenzene and divinyl benzene copolymer resin etc.) that is made of their multipolymers.
The resin base presoma can be synthetic by methods such as solution polymerization, letex polymerization, dispersion polymerization and suspension polymerizations, or obtained by commercial ion exchange resin or macroporous adsorbent resin.
The present invention adopts the KOH activation method to make crack-free, ganoid high-specific surface area ball shape active carbon first.This is owing to have abundant pore texture in the spherical carbide by the starting raw material acquisition, for KOH solution provides good passage, KOH and spherical carbide are effectively contacted in micron and nanoscale, thereby reach homogeneous activatory purpose, can also well be preserved after finally making spherical morphology through the KOH activation, also obtained high specific surface area.The prepared ball shape active carbon of the present invention has bigger loading capacity simultaneously, and (specific surface area is greater than 500m 2/ g) and bigger adsorption rate (be rich in " in, big " hole, pore volume is greater than 0.3cm 3/ g), it has purposes (as in fields such as blood perfusion, gas storage energy storage, gasoline desulfur and support of the catalyst) widely than existing powdery or granular gac.
Description of drawings
The electron scanning micrograph (* 150) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 preparation.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 50) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 2 embodiment 2 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 50) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 3 embodiment 3 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 100) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 4 embodiment 4 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 200) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 5 embodiment 5 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 250) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 6 embodiment 6 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 30) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 7 embodiment 7 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 250) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 8 embodiment 8 preparations.
The electron scanning micrograph (* 600) of the ball shape active carbon of Fig. 9 embodiment 9 preparations.
Embodiment
In the present invention, we select a kind of containing the carbide of the preparation ball shape active carbon starting raw material of " in, macropore (bore dia is greater than 2nm) " for use (aperture (diameter) that its condition that need satisfy is a contained hole are 2nm~400nm, and its pore volume is greater than 0.1cm 3/ g or specific surface area (BET) are greater than 10m 2/ g, the preparation condition of said carbide is: the starting raw material that will prepare ball shape active carbon in 300 ℃~1100 ℃, kept 1 hour~5 hours in inert atmosphere).Contained these holes " in, macropore " serve as channeling in potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution reactivation process, thereby make activated molecule can arrive the inside of carbon microspheres, and the gas that the activation back produces also can be discharged fast, thereby reach homogeneous activatory purpose in nanometer and micro-meter scale, make the gac of final preparation keep good sphere.
In the present invention, the starting raw material of preparation ball shape active carbon is preferred: the petroleum pitch ball, the coal-tar pitch ball, styrene resin ball, phenolic resin balls, the acrylonitrile resin ball, the divinylbenzene resin ball, polyvinylidene dichloride resin balls, Resins, epoxy ball, by resin balls a kind of in vinylbenzene, phenolic aldehyde, vinyl cyanide, Vinylstyrene, vinylidene chloride or the epoxy or that two or more multipolymer constitutes, commercial ion exchange resin or macroporous adsorbent resin.
For avoiding breaking of in KOH solution reactivation process carbon microspheres, needing to carry out earlier before carrying out said activation charing handles, its purpose is original spacial framework can effectively be fixed up, and guarantees that in reactivation process subsequently the corrosion because of KOH is not broken.The temperature that said charing is handled is 300 ℃~1100 ℃, and preferred carbonization temperature is 500 ℃~1000 ℃; It is 1 hour~5 hours that the time spent is handled in charing.Said charing is handled and should be carried out in inert atmosphere, as carrying out in the stable gas of chemical property such as nitrogen, neon or argon.
In the present invention, be used for activatory KOH solution KOH consumption and be being activated 1~8 times of carbide weight, preferred 2~6 times.Activation temperature is 400 ℃~1000 ℃, and preferred activation temperature is 500 ℃~900 ℃.Activation back carbide is target compound through cooling off and washing to neutrality.
In the present invention, (be aperture (diameter) 2nm~400nm, and its pore volume is greater than 0.1cm in order more effectively to obtain to meet the demands 3/ g or specific surface area (BET) are greater than 10m 2/ g) spherical carbide, can to the starting raw material of preparation ball shape active carbon its charing handle (being above-mentioned steps (1)) preceding, carry out " oxidation " pre-treatment earlier.Said " oxidation " pretreatment process is:
(a) (oxygen level is 10v/v%~50v/v%), kept 2 hours~10 hours down in 150 ℃~500 ℃ states to the starting raw material that will prepare ball shape active carbon in oxygen containing atmosphere; Or
(b) with the vitriol oil or SO 3, under 50 ℃~250 ℃, handled 2 hours~15 hours.
The ball shape active carbon with high-specific surface area of the present invention's preparation has bigger loading capacity simultaneously, and (specific surface area is greater than 500m 2/ g) and bigger adsorption rate (be rich in " in, big " hole, pore volume is greater than 0.3cm 3/ g), it has purposes (as in fields such as blood perfusion, gas storage energy storage, gasoline desulfur and support of the catalyst) widely than existing powdery or granular gac.
The invention will be further described below by embodiment, and its purpose only is better to understand content of the present invention, and unrestricted protection scope of the present invention:
In the present invention, the mensuration of specific surface area adopts the AsAp2020 of U.S. Merck ﹠ Co., Inc, thermal treatment temp: 350 ℃, and 6 hours; Analyze: the full hole of liquid nitrogen is analyzed.Utilize BET formula to calculate its total specific surface area, adopt the specific surface area of t-plot Equation for Calculating micropore, adopt the DFT equation to obtain total pore volume and micropore pore volume.
Embodiment 1
Choose styrene ion exchange resin, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 50m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.2cm 3/ g.At first, this resin balls is placed charring furnace, feed nitrogen, be elevated to 500 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 3h, guarantee that resin balls is by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=2 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 500 ℃, and keeps 2h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 2
Choose styrene ion exchange resin, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 118m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.2cm 3/ g.At first, resin balls is positioned in the charring furnace, feeds nitrogen, be elevated to 1000 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 2h, guarantee by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=6 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 900 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Choose the polystyrene macroporous adsorbent resin, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 100m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.35cm 3/ g.At first,, then, product is positioned in the charring furnace, feeds nitrogen, be elevated to 700 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 2h, guarantee by fully charing with this resin balls 300 ℃ of following oxidation 3h in air.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=4 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 750 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 4
Choose the polystyrene macroporous adsorbent resin, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 250m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.55cm 3/ g.At first, this macroporous adsorbent resin under 180 ℃, is used vitriol oil semi-annular jade pendant 12h, obtain the higher resin balls of degree of crosslinking, it is positioned in the charring furnace, feed nitrogen, temperature rise rate with 2 ℃/min is elevated to 700 ℃, and stops 2h under this temperature, guarantees by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=4 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 750 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 5
Choose phenolic resin balls, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in the carbonizing production of gained, and the BET specific surface area is 20m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.35cm 3/ g.At first this resin balls is positioned in the charring furnace, feeds nitrogen, be elevated to 900 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 2h, guarantee by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=6 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 900 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 6
Choose phenolic resin balls, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 200m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.53cm 3/ g.At first, this resin balls is positioned in the charring furnace, feeds nitrogen, be elevated to 500 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 3h, guarantee by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=3 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 500 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 7
Choose phenolic resin balls, after this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 136m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.56cm 3/ g.At first, is in the atmosphere of 30v/v% with this resin balls in oxygen level, oxidation 6h under 300 ℃ temperature, obtain the higher not molten drop of degree of crosslinking, it is positioned in the charring furnace, feeds nitrogen, be elevated to 800 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 2h, guarantee by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=3 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 700 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 8
Choose a kind of bitumen ball by coal-tar pitch or petroleum pitch preparation, this bitumen ball is after charing is handled, and there is the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 289m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.16cm 3/ g.At first, is in the atmosphere of 25v/v% with this bitumen ball in oxygen level, oxidation 9h under 400 ℃ temperature, obtain the higher not molten drop of degree of crosslinking, it is positioned in the charring furnace, feeds nitrogen, be elevated to 800 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, and under this temperature, stop 2h, guarantee by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=3 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 650 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
Embodiment 9
The stablizer PVP of 1.47wt% and the dehydrated alcohol of 81.26wt% are joined in the there-necked flask, after stirring into homogeneous system, feed nitrogen purge, and during to desired reaction temperature, to be dissolved with initiator A IBN (0.44wt%), 0.15wt% Vinylstyrene (DVB, linking agent) and in the disposable adding reaction system of the monomer styrene of pore-forming material (2.23wt%), termination reaction after 24 hours obtains crosslinked polystyrene emulsion.Polymerisate is added dehydrated alcohol repeated multiple times dispersing and settling, obtain cross-linked styrene and Vinylstyrene copolymer resins ball.
After this resin balls was handled through charing, there was the hole of 2nm~400nm in its carbonizing production, and the BET specific surface area is 150m 2/ g, pore volume are 0.25cm 3/ g.At first, this copolymer resin ball under 180 ℃, is used vitriol oil semi-annular jade pendant 12h, obtain the higher resin balls of degree of crosslinking, it is positioned in the charring furnace, feed nitrogen, temperature rise rate with 2 ℃/min is elevated to 700 ℃, and stops 2h under this temperature, guarantees by fully charing.The carbonizing production of the skeletal fixation that obtains is mixed with KOH solution, and KOH/ carbide (mass ratio)=4 is put into the nickel still with mixture; under protection of nitrogen gas; temperature rise rate with 5 ℃/min is elevated to 750 ℃, and keeps 1h under this temperature, obtains activation products.Subsequently, with the deionized water thorough washing of heat, be 7 up to pH value of filtrate, just obtain ball shape active carbon.Structural parameter see Table 1.
The pore structure parameter of the ball shape active carbon of table 1 embodiment 1~9 preparation
Sequence number Particle diameter (mm) Specific surface area BET (m 2/g) Pore volume (cm 3/g) Specific surface area (the cm in<2nm hole 3/g) Pore volume (the cm in>2nm hole 3/g)
Embodiment 1 embodiment 2 embodiment 3 embodiment 4 embodiment 5 embodiment 6 embodiment 7 embodiment 8 embodiment 9 0.10~0.42 0.08~0.24 0.32~0.64 0.56~0.90 0.35~0.59 0.03~0.40 0.65~0.91 0.98~1.98 0.01~0.08 1675 2359 2064 1896 2186 1579 1680 1986 1430 1.2 1.47 1.42 0.92 0.72 0.56 0.61 1.34 0.78 1127 1569 1400 1342 1476 1023 1065 1456 920 0.48 0.76 0.72 0.36 0.28 0.24 0.26 0.56 0.34

Claims (8)

1, a kind of ball shape active carbon is characterized in that, the particle diameter of said ball shape active carbon is 0.01mm~2mm, and specific surface area is greater than 500m 2/ g, pore volume is greater than 0.3cm 3/ g;
Wherein: the aperture less than the specific surface area in 2nm hole greater than 350m 2/ g, the aperture greater than the pore volume in 2nm hole greater than 0.15cm 3/ g.
2, a kind of preparation is characterized in that as the method for the said ball shape active carbon of claim 1 said preparation method comprises the steps:
(1) starting raw material that will prepare ball shape active carbon carries out charing and handles having under the rare gas element existence condition, promptly keeps 1 hour~5 hours down in 300 ℃~1100 ℃ states, chooses that to contain the aperture be 2nm~400nm, and its pore volume is greater than 0.1cm 3/ g or specific surface area are greater than 10m 2The spherical carbide of/g is standby;
(2) with KOH solution the spherical carbide that is made by step (1) is activated, activation temperature is 400 ℃~1000 ℃, gets target compound after cooling and washing;
The starting raw material that wherein prepares ball shape active carbon comprises asphaltic base or resin base.
3, preparation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the starting raw material of wherein said preparation ball shape active carbon is: the petroleum pitch ball, the coal-tar pitch ball, the styrene resin ball, phenolic resin balls, the acrylonitrile resin ball, the divinylbenzene resin ball, the polyvinylidene dichloride resin balls, the Resins, epoxy ball is by resin balls, ion exchange resin or macroporous adsorbent resin a kind of in vinylbenzene, phenolic aldehyde, vinyl cyanide, Vinylstyrene, vinylidene chloride or the epoxy or that two or more multipolymer constitutes.
4, preparation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the carbonization temperature in the step (2) is 500 ℃~1000 ℃.
5, preparation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the activation temperature in the step (2) is 500 ℃~900 ℃.
6, preparation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, is used for activatory KOH solution KOH consumption in the step (2) and is being activated 1~8 times of carbide weight.
7, preparation method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, wherein the KOH consumption is to be activated 2~6 times of carbide weight.
8, as any described preparation method in the claim 2~7, it is characterized in that, described preparation method comprises that also the starting raw material to the preparation ball shape active carbon carries out oxidation pre-treatment, its method is: the starting raw material that will prepare ball shape active carbon is in the oxygen containing atmosphere of 10v/v%~50v/v% in oxygen level, keeps 2 hours~10 hours down in 150 ℃~500 ℃ states; Or with the vitriol oil or SO 3, under 50 ℃~250 ℃, handled 2 hours~15 hours.
CNA2007100410595A 2007-05-23 2007-05-23 Spherical activated charcoal having high-ratio surface area and preparation method thereof Pending CN101062770A (en)

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CN108455555B (en) * 2018-01-18 2021-06-22 新疆大学 High-volume specific-capacity coal-based supercapacitor electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN108516547A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-11 辽宁科技大学 The preparation method of carbon black-coal tar pitch complex spherical activated carbon
CN110723735A (en) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-24 深圳市环球绿地新材料有限公司 Spherical super-capacity carbon, preparation method and application thereof
CN109019593A (en) * 2018-09-19 2018-12-18 东北大学 A kind of discarded ion exchange resin matrix activated carbon and the preparation method and application thereof
CN109319782A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-02-12 北京林业大学 A kind of preparation method of sodium lignin sulfonate/polystyrene-based activated carbon microballon
CN112175660A (en) * 2020-09-22 2021-01-05 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 Method for decoloring oil product after hydrogenation of coal tar
CN113443625A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-28 华东理工大学 Preparation method of polystyrene resin-based spherical activated carbon
CN117486210A (en) * 2023-11-01 2024-02-02 玉门朗天生物科技有限公司 Production method of resin-based activated carbon and resin-based activated carbon

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