CN101060829A - Stable liquid agent for external use - Google Patents

Stable liquid agent for external use Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101060829A
CN101060829A CNA2005800394178A CN200580039417A CN101060829A CN 101060829 A CN101060829 A CN 101060829A CN A2005800394178 A CNA2005800394178 A CN A2005800394178A CN 200580039417 A CN200580039417 A CN 200580039417A CN 101060829 A CN101060829 A CN 101060829A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
liquid agent
external use
tocopherol
phospholipid
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2005800394178A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
竹前和久
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kowa Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kowa Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of CN101060829A publication Critical patent/CN101060829A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/67Vitamins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/55Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K8/553Phospholipids, e.g. lecithin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/55Phosphorus compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/67Vitamins
    • A61K8/678Tocopherol, i.e. vitamin E
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/98Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
    • A61K8/987Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin of species other than mammals or birds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a liquid agent for external use wherein a tocopherol, a silk powder, a phospholipid such as a hydrogenated phospholipid, a carboxyvinyl polymer and water are mixed and the water content is set at 79-99% by weight. Such a liquid agent for external use is prevented from separation of the tocopherol and sedimentation of the silk powder, thereby achieving a stable dispersion state.

Description

Stable liquid agent for external use
Technical field
The present invention relates to the usability excellence, can not take place component separating or settled through the time stable liquid agent for external use.
Background technology
As everyone knows, tocopherol is owing to having antioxidation and blood circulation promoting effect, therefore for preventing the effectively aging of skin.In addition, the silk powder has the protective effect and the moisture-keeping function of skin, has slick usability simultaneously.Therefore, wait in expectation by these two kinds of compositions are mixed, thereby have the preparation of these two kinds of action effects concurrently, people's its concrete enforcement that waits in expectation.
But tocopherol is an oil content, and the silk powder is a solid constituent, therefore when making liquid agent for external use, has the separation of composition time dependent ground, settled problem.
When addressing the above problem, in order to disperse tocopherol, known have by surfactant make tocopherol and the greasy emulsifying mixture of Fructus Canarii albi wet goods, make the emulsified particle of generation be dispersed in method in the liquid agent.But for being for the liquid agent for external use of purpose to keep the skin wet, if compound lard, then the where applicable skin surface can be covered by oils and fats, has hindered moisture moving in skin, therefore preferred compound lard not.
In addition, the process for dispersing as the silk powder is generally the method for using viscosifier.But,, also have as the tocopherol of oil content and the problem of separated form water even if a powder is disperseed by viscosifier.
In addition, in order to improve scaly dry skin, wrinkle, dry and cracked, disclose the skin preparations for extenal use (patent documentation 1) that contains hydrolyzed silk protein and Sargassum extract, can enumerate the astringent that contains hydrolyzed silk protein aqueous solution, CVP Carbopol ETD2050 and water particularly or contain the oil-in-water emulsion of tocopherol, hydrolyzed silk protein aqueous solution, hydrogenated soya phosphatide matter, CVP Carbopol ETD2050 and water.But, hydrolyzed silk protein and silk powder and inequality.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2003-176218 communique
Summary of the invention
Problem of the present invention for obtain to contain a tocopherol and a powder, usability excellence and have can not separate or settled through the time stable dispersity liquid agent for external use.
Various researchs have been carried out in order to solve above-mentioned problem, found that, by in the liquid agent for external use of the water that contains tocopherol, silk powder and 79~99 weight %, adding phospholipid and CVP Carbopol ETD2050, the liquid agent for external use that can obtain the usability excellence, have stable dispersity as preparation.
That is, the invention provides and contain tocopherol, silk powder, phospholipid, CVP Carbopol ETD2050 and water, the content of water is the liquid agent for external use of 79~99 weight %.From other viewpoints, the invention provides the method for in containing the liquid agent for external use of water, stably disperseing tocopherol and silk powder, it is characterized in that, mixed phosphatide matter and CVP Carbopol ETD2050 in above-mentioned liquid agent for external use, and make the content of water reach 79~99%.
The specific embodiment
Liquid agent for external use of the present invention is the waterborne liquid agent that contains tocopherol, silk powder, phospholipid, CVP Carbopol ETD2050 and water.
Tocopherol among the present invention comprises tocopherol, Tocopheryl derivatives and their salt.For example d-alpha-tocopherol, dl-alpha-tocopherol, d-α-tocopheryl acetate, dl-α-tocopheryl acetate, dl-α-nicotinic acid tocopherol, succinic acid dl-alpha-tocopherol calcium, succinic acid d-alpha-tocopherol, succinic acid dl-alpha-tocopherol etc.The combined amount of tocopherol with respect to the liquid agent for external use total amount be preferably 0.01~2 weight %, more preferably 0.02~1 weight %, be preferably 0.05~0.5 weight % especially.If surpass 2 weight %, then be clamminess, the usability variation; If less than 0.01 weight %, then in order to obtain effectiveness as effective ingredient such as antioxidation and blood circulation promoting effects, must the coating of volume ground, therefore preferred above-mentioned scope.
Silk powder among the present invention is meant the water-insoluble proteinic powder of the formation thin,tough silk fiber of gained from the cocoon of silkworm, is main component with the fibroin.As the silk powder for example (as commercially available product) can enumerate シ Le Network ゲ Application G powder (a ball Off ア Le コ ス), シ Le Network ID powder-K-50 (bright dipping petrochemistry).Said silk powder can also be the surface have been carried out modifying give the product of various additional effect among the present invention.For example (as commercially available product) can enumerate シ Le Network ID powder-A-705 (bright dipping petrochemistry), シ Le Network ID powder-S-702 (bright dipping petrochemistry), シ Le Network ID powder-L-710 (bright dipping petrochemistry).Silk powder combined amount with respect to the liquid agent total amount be preferably 0.01~10 weight %, more preferably 0.1~5 weight %, be preferably 0.3~5 weight % especially.If surpass 10 weight %, the dry sense of touch that then comes from powder can strengthen, lubricated sense reduces; If less than 0.01 weight %, then render a service in order to obtain, must the coating of volume ground, therefore preferred above-mentioned scope.
Phospholipid of the present invention is meant the complex lipid that contains the phosphoric acid residue, can enumerate natural phospholipid matter, synthetic phospholipid matter, the phospholipid of natural origin is carried out hydrotreated hydrogenated phospholipid matter etc.
As natural phospholipid matter, phospholipid that for example can enumerate phosphatidylcholine, PHOSPHATIDYL ETHANOLAMINE, Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositols, LYSO-PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LYSOPC, sphingomyelins, Ovum Gallus domesticus Flavus lecithin, soybean lecithin, from microorganisms such as escherichia coli, extracts etc.As commercially available product COATSOME NC-50 (NOF), presome (Japan refines) etc. are arranged.
As synthetic phospholipid matter, for example can enumerate dioleoyl phospholipid phatidylcholine, two Laurel phosphatidyl cholines, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, palmityl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine etc.As commercially available product, COATSOMEMC-2020, COATSOME MC-4040, COATSOME MC-6060, COATSOME MC-8080, COATSOME MC-8181, COATSOME MC-6081 (NOF) etc. are arranged.
As hydrogenated phospholipid matter, for example can enumerate hydrogenated soya phosphatide matter, hydrogenation egg yolk lecithin matter, hydrogenated phospholipid phatidylcholine, hydrogenated phospholipid acyl serine etc.As commercially available product, can enumerate レ シ ノ one Le S-10, レ シ ノ one Le S-10E, レ シ ノ one Le S-10M, レ シ ノ one Le S-10EX, レ シ ノ one Le S-PIE (daylight ケ ミ カ Le ズ), COATSOME NC-21 (NOF), Phospholipon 100H, Phospholipon 90H, Phospholipon 80H, Phospholipon 90G (phospholipid) etc.
In these phospholipid, preferred hydrogenated phospholipid matter.Specifically, be preferably the content of hydrogenated phospholipid phatidylcholine more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, more preferably in the hydrogenated phospholipid matter more than 90%.The hydrogenated phospholipid phatidylcholine the viscosity that improves the aqueous liquid agent for external use, obtain aspect the stable dispersity preferred.
Among the present invention, phospholipid can make up more than a kind or 2 kinds and use.The combined amount of phospholipid with respect to the total amount of liquid agent for external use be preferably 0.01~5 weight %, more preferably 0.1~2 weight %, be preferably 0.3~1 weight % especially.When above 5 weight % or less than 0.01 weight %, often be difficult to obtain the stable dispersion effect of tocopherol.
CVP Carbopol ETD2050 among the present invention is meant the polymerizing acrylic acid thing with carboxyl.As CVP Carbopol ETD2050, commercially available product for example can be enumerated カ one ボ Port one Le 980, ETD2050, ウ Le ト レ ッ Star 10 (the above NOVEON of being production), Ha イ PVC ス ワ コ one, シ Application レ Application K, シ Application レ Application L, シ Application レ Application M (above for already producing with the pure pharmaceutical worker of light) etc.The combined amount of CVP Carbopol ETD2050 with respect to the total amount of liquid agent for external use be preferably 0.005~4 weight %, more preferably 0.01~1 weight %, be preferably 0.02~0.5 weight % especially.If surpass 4 weight %, then send out wrinkle, the grow that is clamminess, the usability variation; If less than 0.005 weight %, then often be difficult to obtain the dispersion effect of target.
The combined amount of the water that uses among the present invention is adjusted according to the amount of other intermixtures, with respect to the liquid agent for external use total amount, be preferably 79~99 weight %, more preferably 85~98 weight %, be preferably 90~96 weight % especially.If surpass 99 weight %, then be difficult to obtain the effect of tocopherol or silk powder; If less than 79 weight %, then often be difficult to give skin with lubricated fully.
Need to prove that said liquid agent for external use is meant the liquid agent that is applicable to skin here.For example can enumerate the liquid agent of using in order to replenish insufficient moisture, maintenance smooth skin state to skin.Liquid agent for external use of the present invention does not preferably mix composition required in this invention oil content in addition when being used for this purposes.But, only otherwise damage effect of the present invention, also can contain a spot of oil content.
Liquid agent for external use of the present invention can contain effective ingredient, nertralizer, preservative agent, stabilizing agent and the wetting agent etc. beyond the tocopherol, also can not contain.In addition, the material that can contain also is not limited to above-mentioned substance.
Can enumerate antiinflammatories such as the potassium salt of glycyrrhizic acid or ammonium salt as other effective ingredient beyond the tocopherol, the hydryllin such as diphhydramine hydrochloride that are used for the treatment of pruritus, anti-acne agents such as ピ オ ニ Application, the whitening agent of ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid derivates etc., wetting agents such as hyaluronic acid, ア Le ゲ コ ロ イ De, trehalose etc.
As nertralizer, can enumerate organic acid such as citric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, amines such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine (DIPA) etc.
As preservative agent, can enumerate Para Hydroxy Benzoic Acid esters, chlorination benzalkonium bromide etc.
As stabilizing agent, can enumerate sodium sulfite, sodium sulfite, dibenzylatiooluene, Butylated hydroxyanisole, edetic acid etc.
As wetting agent, can enumerate polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3 butylene glycol, Isopropanediol, Polyethylene Glycol.
The pH of liquid agent for external use of the present invention is from aspects such as the segregational stability of preparation and skin irritations, is preferably pH 4~8, pH 5.5~6.5. more preferably usually
The viscosity of liquid agent for external use of the present invention is preferably 0.05Pas~1Pas, 0.1Pas~0.5Pas more preferably.If less than 0.05Pas, then sedimentation can take place in silk powder and phospholipid micropartical.If surpass 1Pas, then often mobile reduction, extension variation.Viscosity for example can use cone-plate type rotary viscosity agent AR1000-N (TA イ Application ス ト Le メ Application ト) to measure.
Liquid agent for external use of the present invention can for example can be heated to phospholipid and tocopherol more than 80 ℃ in polyhydric alcohol by the usual way manufacturing, it is fully dissolved after, mix equably with water, add silk powder and CVP Carbopol ETD2050 then, until mix homogeneously, thus modulation.
Embodiment
Below enumerate embodiment and more specifically describe the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
[embodiment 1]
With 0.2g tocopheryl acetate and 0.5g hydrogenated soya phosphatide matter (Phospholipon 90H: phospholipid) join in the 5g 1,3 butylene glycol, fully stir down, mix at 80 ℃.In this solution, add the 30g Purified Water and fully stir, mix (modulating liquid A).
In the 60g Purified Water, add 0.05g CVP Carbopol ETD2050 (シ Application レ Application L :), 0.01g edetate sodium, 0.1g to the Para Hydroxy Benzoic Acid methyl ester, fully stir, mix with the pure pharmaceutical worker's industry of light.An amount of potassium hydroxide that adds as nertralizer in this solution, making pH is 6, fully stir, after the mixing, add modulating liquid A and 0.5g silk powder (シ Le Network ゲ Application G powder: a ball Off ア Le コ ス), fully stir, after the mixing, under reduced pressure remove bubble, add entry, making total amount is 100g, obtains the aqueous liquid agent for external use.
[comparative example 1-5]
By the method identical with embodiment 1, use the composition shown in the table 1, obtain the liquid agent for external use of comparative example 1~5.Adjust combined amount, make that employed various viscosifier reach viscosity of the same race (about 0.3Pas) in embodiment 1 and each comparative example.Need to prove that the sodium alginate of comparative example 3 uses the hydroxyethyl-cellulose of キ ミ カ ア Le ギ Application I-S (キ ミ カ), comparative example 4 to use the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 of HEC CF-Y (refining in the Sumitomo), comparative example 5 to use メ ト ロ one ズ 90SH-15000 (SHIN-ETSU HANTOTAI's chemical industry).
[test example]
In order to study the appearance stability of synthetic preparation, each preparation of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1~5 is filled in the vial, affirmation 40 ℃ preserve down 1 week the back, 2 week back and after 2 months, 60 ℃ preserve down 1 week the back, 2 week the back have or not cosmetic variation (separating or the sedimentation of silk powder of tocopherol) after with 1 month.To not regard sb. as an outsider see variation person be shown as zero, will have cosmetic variation person be shown as *.
In addition, use cone-plate type rotating cylinder viscometer AR1000-N (TA イ Application ス ト Le メ Application ト) to measure viscosity by following condition.Connection tube: 6cm, 2 ° of plates, 20 ℃, friction stree 2Pa.
Table 1 (g)
Embodiment 1 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4 Comparative example 5
Tocopherol 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
The silk powder 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
Hydrogenated soya phosphatide matter 0.6 - 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
CVP Carbopol ETD2050 0.06 0.06 - - - -
Sodium alginate - - - 0.72 - -
Hydroxyethyl-cellulose - - - - 0.6 -
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 - - - - - 0.75
Edetate sodium 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
1,3 butylene glycol 5 6 6 6 5 5
To the Para Hydroxy Benzoic Acid methyl ester 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sodium hydroxide In right amount In right amount - - - -
Water Total amount 100g Total amount 100g Total amount 100g Total amount 100g Total amount 100g Total amount 100g
Viscosity Pas 0.3 0.2 Less than 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3
The outward appearance of just having modulated × ×
40℃ Outward appearance after 1 week × × × × ×
Outward appearance after 2 weeks × × × × ×
Outward appearance after 2 months × × × × ×
60℃ Outward appearance after 1 week × × × × ×
Outward appearance after 2 weeks × × × × ×
Outward appearance after 1 month × × × × ×
When not having mixed phosphatide matter in the liquid agent for external use that is containing tocopherol, silk powder and water (comparative example 1), in firm synthetic preparation, as seen separate (tocopherol).The preparation (comparative example 2) that does not mix CVP Carbopol ETD2050 is in the sedimentation of the visible silk in modulation back powder just.
In addition, though used the macromolecule outside the CVP Carbopol ETD2050 of sodium alginate (comparative example 3), hydroxyethyl-cellulose (comparative example 4), hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose (comparative example 5) etc. that viscosity is adjusted to about 0.3Pas, but all results are at 40 ℃ of 1 week of preservation or 1 week back visual appearance variations under 60 ℃ down, poor stability.
But, the preparation (embodiment 1) of mixed phosphatide matter and CVP Carbopol ETD2050 in the liquid agent for external use that contains tocopherol, silk powder and water is even if after preserving 1 month under 60 ℃ or after preserving 2 months under 40 ℃, there is no cosmetic variation, shown good stable.
Need to prove, when estimating the usability of embodiment 1, can give salubrious sense and moist feeling, can also obtain good usability.
Industrial applicability
By the present invention, can be with tocopherol and the silk powder of difficulty stably are dispersed in the liquid agent at present.

Claims (2)

1. liquid agent for external use, it contains tocopherol, silk powder, phospholipid, CVP Carbopol ETD2050 and water, and the content of water is 79~99 weight %.
2. tocopherol and silk powder stably are dispersed in the method in the liquid agent for external use that contains water, it is characterized in that, be mixed with phospholipid and CVP Carbopol ETD2050 in the described liquid agent for external use, and the content of water is 79~99 weight %.
CNA2005800394178A 2004-11-18 2005-11-09 Stable liquid agent for external use Pending CN101060829A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP334252/2004 2004-11-18
JP2004334252A JP2006143630A (en) 2004-11-18 2004-11-18 Stable liquid for external use

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101060829A true CN101060829A (en) 2007-10-24

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JP (1) JP2006143630A (en)
KR (1) KR100826759B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101060829A (en)
TW (1) TW200621303A (en)
WO (1) WO2006054465A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010143848A (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-07-01 Kao Corp Cosmetic

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0623256A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-02-01 Nikko Kemikaruzu Kk Lecithin emulsifier and o/w emulsion
JP3682614B2 (en) * 1998-08-19 2005-08-10 株式会社コーセー Aqueous cosmetics
JP2000212064A (en) * 1999-01-26 2000-08-02 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Bath agent composition containing silk powder
JP2002003338A (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-09 Kose Corp Oil-in-water type emulsion cosmetic
JP3791775B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2006-06-28 株式会社相生発酵 Topical skin preparation
JP2003267854A (en) * 2002-03-15 2003-09-25 Kose Corp Bleaching cosmetic
JP3889657B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2007-03-07 クローダジャパン株式会社 Dimer diol derivative and composition containing dimer diol derivative
JP2004123575A (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-22 Rohto Pharmaceut Co Ltd Gel-like composition for external use
JP2004250433A (en) * 2003-01-28 2004-09-09 Kanebo Ltd Cosmetic preparation
JP2004285016A (en) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-14 Kose Corp Unevenness-corrective cosmetic

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KR100826759B1 (en) 2008-04-30
TW200621303A (en) 2006-07-01
WO2006054465A1 (en) 2006-05-26
JP2006143630A (en) 2006-06-08
KR20070086239A (en) 2007-08-27

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