CN101059370A - High flux, high detection sensitivity minitype polarization interference imaging spectrometer - Google Patents
High flux, high detection sensitivity minitype polarization interference imaging spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101059370A CN101059370A CN 200710017825 CN200710017825A CN101059370A CN 101059370 A CN101059370 A CN 101059370A CN 200710017825 CN200710017825 CN 200710017825 CN 200710017825 A CN200710017825 A CN 200710017825A CN 101059370 A CN101059370 A CN 101059370A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-sensitivity remote sensing image spectrometer which can obtain target image, interference spectrum and polarization information, composed of a polarization interferometer, an image lens and an area detector which are coaxially arranged along incident light. The polarization interferometer is composed of a polarizer, Sawa polariscope and a checker, wherein the Sawa polariscope comprises two natural uniaxle negative crystal Sawa plates in same thickness, vertical optical axis, and corner as 45 degrees with the system optical axis, the polarizer and the checker are both composed of two wedge natural uniaxle negative crystal GeLanTaLe lens with an air space. The signal output of the detector is connected with an external computer signal processing system. Compared with prior art, the invention eliminates an advanced optical system and a slit of traditional device, while the invention uses the Sawa polariscope made from natural crystal as a horizontal shearing beam splitter, with simple structure, small volume, high flux, high signal/noise ratio, high detection sensitivity, high resolution, wide spectrum, and strong detecting ability on remote target and weak signal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical imagery process instrumentation technical field, relate to a kind of remote sensing inteference imaging spectrometer that can be used for obtaining simultaneously target two dimension shape image, one dimension spectrum and polarization information.
Background technology
Imager in the general concept, spectrometer and polarimeter belong to the different optical instrument of three classes.Utilize Image-forming instrument can obtain the shape image of target, i.e. the two-dimensional space information of target; Thereby the spectrum that utilizes spectral instrument can obtain target draws the structure and the chemical composition of material; Utilize polarimeter then can obtain the polarization information of target and then the attribute of acquisition object.In history, this three quasi-instrument is an independent development.Inteference imaging spectrometer has appearred in the later stage eighties 20th century in the world, and it is the combination of current imager and spectrometer.Because it has the dual-use function of imager and spectrometer, can obtain the two-dimensional space information and the one dimension spectral information of target simultaneously, thereby obtain in space remote sensing, information, aspects such as scientific research, the national economic development and national security has extremely important using value, demonstrates more and more wide application prospect.For example in military field, it can be used for spaceborne (or airborne) the earth observation face of land and hidden military target detection etc.; And can be used for astronomy and geophysical research, resource investigation, environmental monitoring, disease and pest forecast at civil area, take precautions against natural calamities relieve the people in stricken areas, alkalization of soils and aspects such as desertification control, forest cover protection, crops the yield by estimation, aerosol and wind field detection, instruments used for education.
Up to now, important stages such as optical filter type, color dispersion-type and interfere type have been experienced in the development of imaging spectrometer.Color dispersion-type imaging spectrometer theory structure is simple, the technical matters maturation, but the defective on its theory structure makes it in the raising aspect the sensitivity breakthrough on the magnitude can not have been arranged again.The interference type imaging spectrometer is divided into again based on the time modulation type of Michelson interferometer with based on the spatial modulation type two big classes of modification Sagnac interferometer, and their flux than the color dispersion-type imaging spectrometer on principle will exceed two orders of magnitude.Because the spatially modulated interference imaging spectrometer has overcome time interferometric modulator imaging spectrometer and needed high precision index glass drive system and real-time bad two big shortcomings, thereby its use wave band is wideer, and stability is better, has potential high-throughout advantage.But the major defect that the spatial modulation imaging spectrometer exists be contain in the device with spectral resolution irrelevant by the slit that spatial resolution determined, cause the energy of the system of entering to be greatly limited.In addition, because this class imaging spectrometer is based upon on the Sagnac interferometer basis mostly, skew ray is more, and volume is bigger, and again through repeatedly reflecting, reflecting, energy loss is big.1996, Washington, DC university has developed digital array scanning interferometer spectrometer (DASI), this is a kind of polarization interference imaging spectrometer of spatial modulation type, this imaging spectrometer adopts the Wollaston prism, shear at the angle, close-in target, and its disadvantage is owing to contain the slit that is determined by spatial resolution in the instrument on the one hand, capacity usage ratio is too low, and is poor to distant object and feeble signal detectivity; Be that its far-field fringes is a hyperbolic curve on the other hand, be unfavorable for that spectrum recovering and image are synthetic.For overcoming the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, designer of the present invention once proposed the experimental provision that a kind of name is called " microminiature stable state polarization interference imaging spectrometer " in calendar year 2001, this device is for the infinity target, but has multispectral passage, high s/n ratio, volume is little and advantage such as subminiaturization making.But shortcoming such as owing to adopt two polaroids as the polarizer and analyzer (analyzer) in the polarized interferometer of this device, have in real work that degree of polarization is low, delustring ratio and energy percent of pass are relevant with wavelength; The more important thing is that this device is the same with all traditional instruments, have preposition optical system, this makes design and development extremely complicated, and volume, weight increase the development cost height.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, and then a kind of light path high flux simple and direct, simple in structure, high detection sensitivity minitype polarization interference imaging spectrometer are provided.
Be used for realizing that the technical solution of foregoing invention purpose is as follows: the polarization interference imaging spectrometer that is provided does not have the preposition optical system of traditional instrument, and it is by forming to the coaxial preposition polarized interferometer that sets gradually, collection objective lens and planar array detector (CCD) along incident light.Polarized interferometer wherein is by forming along the coaxial Glan Taylor ahrens prism polarizer, savart polariscope and the Glan Taylor ahrens prism analyzer (analyzer) that sets gradually of systematic optical axis.In the work, after the radiant light that is sent by target enters the polarizer, a branch of linearly polarized light lateral shear that will penetrate by the polarizer by the savart polariscope be two beam-emergence directions be parallel to the incident beam direction and direction of vibration is vertical mutually and two linearly polarized lights at regular intervals, two linearly polarized lights become behind analyzer along the linearly polarized light of analyzer polarization direction vibration, two light are through collecting objective lens and converge on the planar array detector and interfering, and then obtain the shape image of target by planar array detector, interferogram and polarization information, interferogram promptly obtains the spectrum of target more as calculated after the machine system handles, multispectral synthetic after restructural object coloured image again.
Savart polariscope in the polarized interferometer of the present invention is identical and adjoin the natural negative uniaxial crystal savart plate that suffers setting and form by two thickness, its optical axis mutually vertically and respectively with systematic optical axis angle at 45, the polarizer and analyzer-Glan Taylor prism is two natural shape negative uniaxial crystal bodies compositions of splitting of air-gap by the centre, their optical axis is parallel and be positioned at the crystal longitudinal profile, direction of optic axis and vertical pivot (X-axis) and transverse axis (Y-axis) forward angle all at 45, the signal output part of planar array detector obtains input end by tie with the signal of Computer signal disposal system and connects.
Imaging spectrometer of the present invention belongs to the polarization interference imaging spectrometer of space-time hybrid modulation pattern, has taken down the preposition optical system in the traditional instrument, allows light directly inject polarized interferometer.Its principle of work is to have added lateral shearing beam-splitter in common imaging system, adopting birefringece crystal (savart polariscope) is two bundle parallel beams with a branch of smooth lateral shear, through on the detector image planes, directly obtaining the two-dimentional shape image of target behind the imaging mirror, rely on the variation of field angle to come the light modulated path difference, along with pushing away of instrument swept the complete interferogram that (with the relative motion of target) obtains target, interferogram can obtain the spectrum of target more as calculated after the machine system handles, multispectral synthetic restructural object coloured image again also can obtain the polarization information of target simultaneously.
The present invention compares with DASI with traditional spectrometer, imaging spectrometer and the spatial modulation type inteference imaging spectrometer of being developed in the world now, its difference and great innovation are: one, taken down the preposition optical system in the traditional instrument in this invention, allow light directly inject polarized interferometer, this has formed big visual field, high flux and the high detection sensitivity of instrument from principle; Two, there is not slit in the device, its flux is high 2 more than the order of magnitude than the color dispersion-type inteference imaging spectrometer, than spatial modulation type and the high N/2 of DASI doubly above (N is the ratio of field stop width and the slit width of DASI in the polarization interference imaging spectrometer of the present invention, and the N value is generally at 1～2 order of magnitude); Three, because the Glan Taylor prism that adopts the natural calcite development as the polarizer and analyzer, has replaced the polaroid in traditional polarization-type, its extinction ratio can reach 10
-5The order of magnitude, degree of polarization is almost 1, the extinction ratio (10 of " the microminiature stable state polarization interference imaging spectrometer " that proposes calendar year 2001 than designer of the present invention
-3) exceed two orders of magnitude; Glan Taylor prism service band is wide, from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared (transmitance of 0.2um～2.5um) all very high (transmission region of polaroid in visible-range of synthetic is generally 0.45～0.7um and 0.7～0.9um at present, wavelength band narrow and in each logical optical band to the transmitance difference of different wavelengths of light); Applicable wavelengths scope of the present invention (0.48～0.96um), and if adopt polaroid, then need change, this is to development and use very inconvenience, also can cause very big difficulty to real-time detection; Four, adopted the savart polariscope as lateral shearing beam-splitter, linear light path, reflection loss is little, the transmissivity height; , in light weight based on the spatial modulation type and the DASI slant path volume little (opticator length of the present invention only is 30 centimetres, 3.5 centimetres of diameters) of modification Sagnac interferometer; Five, movement-less part among the present invention, thus high stable state had; Six, utilize the polarization interference of light, can obtain the polarization information of target, thus all kinds of imaging spectrometers of at present being developed in the world many a kind of information obtaining means.
This imaging spectrometer is the infinity target, have miniature, big visual field, high flux, high detection sensitivity, high resolving power, high stability and plurality of advantages such as simple in structure, formally listed in national high-tech research development plan 863 projects " 2006AA12Z152 " research topic.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a theory structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of polarized interferometer part among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is used for the schematic diagram that analog satellite is surveyed for the present invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to drawings and Examples content of the present invention is described further, but actual fabrication structure of the present invention is not limited in following embodiment.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, the structure of this polarization imaging spectrometer comprises parts such as preposition polarized interferometer 2, imaging mirror group 3 and planar array detector 4.The signal output part of planar array detector 4 connects by the signal input part of tie with the Computer signal disposal system.In order to prevent parasitic light, melting quartz glass window (label 11) and cutoff filter (label 12) before preposition polarized interferometer 2, have been added.
The structure of polarized interferometer 2 comprises the polarizer 21, savart polariscope, analyzer 24 3 parts as shown in Figure 2.The savart polariscope by two thickness identical and adjoin suffer setting natural negative uniaxial crystal savart plate 22 and 23 form, the optical axis of two blocks of savart plates all with systematic optical axis (Z axle among the figure) angle at 45, wherein preceding savart plate 22 optical axises in paper plane (XZ plane) and with X, Z axle forward angle at 45, back savart plate 23 optical axises in surface level (YZ plane) and with Y, Z axle forward angle at 45, two plate optical axises are vertical mutually in the space.The polarizer 21 and analyzer 24 are the Glan Taylor prism, and this prism comprises two natural negative uniaxial crystal bodies, and their optical axis is parallel and in same plane, and its polarization direction all with X, Y-axis forward angle at 45, can make the shearing displacement maximum like this, simultaneously, its extinction ratio can reach 10
-5The order of magnitude, degree of polarization is almost 1, and the also non-constant width (0.2～2.5um) of its service band scope.The effect of savart polariscope is that a branch of linearly polarized light lateral shear that will be penetrated by the polarizer 21 is that two beam-emergence directions are parallel to incident beam and the mutually orthogonal and at regular intervals two linearly polarized light eo of direction of vibration, oe among the present invention, and two linearly polarized lights become behind analyzer 24 along the linearly polarized light of analyzer 24 polarization directions vibration.D is a horizontal shear capacity among the figure.
Collect objective lens 3 and be made up of one group of optical lens, its effect is that target emanation light is collected on the detector 4 that is positioned at its focal plane, and two light interfere and form interferogram (striped) herein.Interference fringe is vertical with shear direction, and optical path difference is directly proportional with shearing displacement and detector size, is inversely proportional to imaging mirror focal length, and optical path difference is big more, and spectral resolution is high more.
Push away at the described analog satellite of Fig. 3 and to sweep in the detection, preposition telescopic system is with the ray-collecting and the collimation of target O radiation among the inteference imaging spectrometer I, polarized interferometer is to be parallel to each other and two bunch polarized lights of direction of vibration unanimity with a branch of smooth lateral shear, imaging mirror group with convergence of rays on the detector 4 of its focal plane, after information handling system can obtain spectral information, multispectral image and the polarization information of target.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of high flux, high detection sensitivity minitype polarization interference imaging spectrometer, it is characterized in that it by along incident light to the coaxial preposition polarized interferometer (2) that sets gradually, collecting objective lens (3) and planar array detector (4) forms, wherein: preposition polarized interferometer (2) is by along the coaxial Glan Taylor ahrens prism polarizer (21) that sets gradually of systematic optical axis, savart polariscope and Glan Taylor ahrens prism analyzer (24) are formed, after the radiant light that is sent by target enters the polarizer (21), a branch of linearly polarized light lateral shear that will penetrate by the polarizer (21) by the savart polariscope be two beam-emergence directions be parallel to the incident beam direction and direction of vibration is vertical mutually and two linearly polarized lights at regular intervals, two linearly polarized lights become behind analyzer (24) along the linearly polarized light of analyzer (24) polarization direction vibration, two light converge at planar array detector (4) through collection objective lens (3) and go up and interfere, and then obtain the shape image of target by planar array detector (4), interferogram and polarization information, interferogram promptly obtains the spectrum of target more as calculated after the machine system handles, multispectral synthetic after restructural object coloured image again.
2, polarization interference imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that savart polariscope in the polarized interferometer is identical and adjoin the natural negative uniaxial crystal savart plate (22 that suffers setting by two thickness, 23) form, its optical axis mutually vertically and respectively with systematic optical axis angle at 45, the polarizer and analyzer (21,24) be that two of air-gap split the natural negative uniaxial crystal body of shape and form by the centre, their optical axis is parallel and be positioned at the crystal longitudinal profile, direction of optic axis and vertical pivot and transverse axis forward angle all at 45, the signal output part of planar array detector (4) obtain input end by tie with the signal of Computer signal disposal system and connect.
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| CN101487738B (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2011-03-30 | 北京高光科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for measuring optical spectral property based on polarization analysis |
| CN102944310A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-02-27 | 西安交通大学 | Spectral resolution adjustable interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN103852167A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-06-11 | 烟台东方分析仪器有限公司 | Spectrograph flat-field full-spectrum receiving device |
| CN106404174A (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2017-02-15 | 南京理工大学 | High-flux birefringence interferometric imaging spectrometer device and imaging method |
| CN108362379A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-03 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of wide spectrum high-resolution spectroscopy dispersion method and device |
| CN109425430A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 台湾超微光学股份有限公司 | If darkening spectrometer and spectrometer Integration Design and manufacturing method |
| CN110967115A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-07 | 西安交通大学 | Three-dimensional temperature field single-camera measurement imaging system and method based on multispectral diagnosis |
| CN114137007A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 西安交通大学 | Neutron back scattering imaging method and system for nondestructive testing of bridge |
| CN114136976B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2024-04-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Polarization coaxial illumination laser shearing speckle interferometry system and measurement method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101487738B (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2011-03-30 | 北京高光科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for measuring optical spectral property based on polarization analysis |
| CN102944310A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-02-27 | 西安交通大学 | Spectral resolution adjustable interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN102944310B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-08-06 | 西安交通大学 | Spectral resolution adjustable interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN103852167A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-06-11 | 烟台东方分析仪器有限公司 | Spectrograph flat-field full-spectrum receiving device |
| CN103852167B (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2016-03-30 | 烟台东方分析仪器有限公司 | Spectrometer flat field composes receiving trap entirely |
| CN106404174A (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2017-02-15 | 南京理工大学 | High-flux birefringence interferometric imaging spectrometer device and imaging method |
| CN109425430A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 台湾超微光学股份有限公司 | If darkening spectrometer and spectrometer Integration Design and manufacturing method |
| CN108362379A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-03 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of wide spectrum high-resolution spectroscopy dispersion method and device |
| CN108362379B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2023-05-26 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method and device |
| CN110967115A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-07 | 西安交通大学 | Three-dimensional temperature field single-camera measurement imaging system and method based on multispectral diagnosis |
| CN114137007A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 西安交通大学 | Neutron back scattering imaging method and system for nondestructive testing of bridge |
| CN114136976B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2024-04-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Polarization coaxial illumination laser shearing speckle interferometry system and measurement method thereof |
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