CN101058499A - Concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a light-silicon fiber crack-proof reinforcer of concrete in the making domain of organic and inorganic material, which comprises the following parts: anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate, raw alunite, ripe alunite, anhydrite, naphthalene-system high-effective dehydragent, grammite, polypropylene fibre, sodium lignosulfonate and coal ash. The invention confers high-density and superior constructing property for concrete with modified boundary structure and high-concrete compactness, strength and durability, which improves stretching resistance greatly.

Description

Concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier

Technical field

The invention belongs to the light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier that uses inorganic materials and organic materials preparation as concrete effective constituent.

Background technology

Now, concrete product kind increasing, the complexity day by day and the large scale development of works, many superhuge special concrete construction things have appearred, these new concrete goods and special engineerings, only rely on technologies such as existing vibration, pressurization, vacuum no longer can satisfy the requirement of construction, pressing for to the concrete preparation and constructing provides performance different high performance concrete.Crack on concrete and seepage are to fail to obtain the technical barrier of fine solution over a long time always, and the destruction of concrete structure even collapse also is from progress of fracture.Harmful crack not only influences outward appearance, importantly reduces work-ing life, and serious even crack threatens the security of the lives and property.According to the pertinent data statistics, annual buildings goes wrong and causes financial loss to reach more than 50,000,000,000 yuan to China.Construction cracking is the common quality defect of concrete structure.Usually because cement stone inside, dehydration sclerosis back forms capillary porosity duct, and drying descends concrete impervious grade, shrinkage strain is the major cause that produces distress in concrete to cement concrete.Since latter stage, the construction work of China begins a large amount of expansive concretes of mixing swelling agent that use from the eighties of last century the eighties, and concrete works splits to ooze to damage to have largely and improves.After the nineties, along with the development of high performance concrete, the distress in concrete problem does not only reduce, and the phase inverse ratio was more in the past, more outstanding, mixes swelling agent, attention maintenance, increase cement consumption etc. though some engineerings have adopted, and produces little effect.In recent years, people had also taked to mix antiseeping waterproofing agent, and because of the undue water reducer admixture that relies on improves concrete splitting resistance, the concrete cracking phenomenon is still general.High performance concrete is a kind of have good workability, intensity height, good, high durability concrete of volume stability, is the product that concrete enters cyberage, is the important material of construction of 21st century.The high performance concrete most important character is to have excellent weather resistance, and weather resistance can reach 100-500, is 3-10 times of normal concrete.Concrete will reach high-durability, at first will reduce water-cement ratio, produces fine and close fluid-tight concrete.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier of high-performance coagulation admixture, is with special nonmetal mineral, multiple metamorphic mineral, and toughener is split in the resistance of adopting special process to form.The present invention realizes in the following way: a kind of concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier is characterized in that it is that component is prepared from by weight by following composition:

The sulphoaluminate cement clinker of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate---production, essential mineral are anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate expansion component (C ₄A ₃S), β-C ₂S:280-680;

Give birth to alunite---natural alumstone [K ₂SO ₄AI ₂(SO ₄) ₃4AI (OH) ₃]: 160-300;

Ripe alum---natural alumstone obtains after 400-600 ℃ of calcining: 50-200;

Dehydrated gyp----the plaster of paris obtains after 600 ℃ of calcinings, and essential mineral is γ-CaSO4:40-150;

Naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent---high efficiency water reducing agent: 50-150;

Silicon ash---the light silica fibre component of chain type crystal structure silicate clay mineral: 180-500;

Polypropylene fibre: 10-50;

Sodium lignosulfonate---organic diminishing hydrophobic component: 20-100;

Flyash---inorganic density component: 50-200.

The present invention has following advantage: can reduce the water cement ratio of concrete, increase slump and control loss of slump, give highly dense solidity of concrete and excellent workability; Can fill the space of gelling material, participate in the aquation of gelling material, improve the interface structure of concrete, improve density, intensity and the weather resistance of concrete.It has resistance and splits the effect excellence, and tear factor is 0.95; Characteristics such as self-compacting ability is good, and volume is little, and tensile strength increases substantially, and loss of slump is little.Be safe and feasible, high performance quality concrete crack inhibitor.The Application and Development of concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier makes concrete enter the high-performance epoch: 1. the light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier component has the effect that the resistance of expansive concrete and fiber is split, and prevents concrete cracking, improves density and impervious ability.2. can effectively improve the concrete hole structure, separate out gel simultaneously, stop up the inside concrete capillary porosity duct, anti-permeability performance is compared with normal concrete, impervious grade＞P25, and its waterproof effect is remarkable especially.3. Young's modulus improves 6.4%, suppresses be full of cracks, improves fragility, improves toughness, improves weather resistance, can effectively prevent concrete cracking.4. with the normal concrete ratio, bleeding rate is little, and workability is good, significantly improve concrete workability.Can satisfy concrete pumping requirement.5. compensate function: have little compensate for shrinkage function, suitable limited expansion rate, adjustable between 0.010%～0.10%, expansion energy is big, and the stability that expands is fast.6. the reduction hydration heat is postponed the hydration heat peak period and is shunk time of origin, shrinks thereby weaken the concrete temperature difference, enlarges temperature-control range, and the control temperature difference crack suppresses concrete cracking.7. outward appearance is comprehensive grey powdery, water content＜2%, and no inflammable substance, no toxic substance, environmentally safe, no alkali during use have the effect of resistance rust to steel bar corrosion.8. it is low to have the alkali of containing.Adopt light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier need not add any admixture, good with the cement consistency, adapted is simple, and is easy to use, is easy to grasp, safe and reliable, is the good admixture of a kind of safety and durability.No shrinkage fiber anti-crack concrete be can be mixed with, railway, highway, tunnel, subway, underground works, various pond, wall flooring etc. are applied to.

Embodiment

Below the present invention is described in further detail.The present invention is made up of mineral compound such as SiO2-Al2O3-CaSO3-H2O, adopts the high quality silicon raw material, through mature calcined material, becomes concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier with grindings such as Al2O3,45.Q2.nH2O.R4N.Wherein activated silica plays and is increased to close property and enhancement is split in resistance.Contain carrier, strong to excellent component adaptability, the dispersing property excellence can be quickened cement and contain the densest crystal structure to form.Alkalinity is less than 0.5%, and is favourable to preventing alkali-aggregate reaction and reducing hydration heat speed.This system can generate than multi-crystallization water thing and gather materials form benefit and three-dimensional net structure through hydration reaction simultaneously, supports the sedimentation of gathering materials, and reduces surface weeping of concrete, suppresses concrete disintegration, reduces even stops distress in concrete to produce fully.Thereby the shrinkage and the chemistry that have overcome the hydrated cementitious thermal initiation reduce, drying shrinkage, reach all kinds of volume destabilization problems of formation such as self-constriction.Concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier salient features of the present invention such as following table:

Project	Operative norm TC474-1999	Measured value
			Bleeding rate than (%)≤	70	47
Poor (mm) 〉=initial set time of coagulation	-90	210
			Final set	-	-
Compressive strength rate 〉=3d	90	130
			7d	100	147
28d	90	135
			Permeated height ratio≤28d	40	28
28d shrinkage ratio (%)≤	135	115

The development of concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier:

1. starting material

Anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate: the sulphoaluminate cement clinker of production, essential mineral are anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate calcium expansion component (C ₄A ₃S), β-C ₂S:280-680;

Give birth to alunite---natural alumstone [K ₂SO ₄AI ₂(SO ₄) ₃4AI (OH) ₃]: 160-300;

Ripe alum---natural alumstone obtains after 400-600 ℃ of calcining: 50-200;

Dehydrated gyp----the plaster of paris obtains after 600 ℃ of calcinings, and essential mineral is γ-CaSO4:40-150;

Naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent---high efficiency water reducing agent: 50-150;

Silicon ash---the light silica fibre component of chain type crystal structure silicate clay mineral: 180-500;

Polypropylene fibre: 10-50;

Sodium lignosulfonate---organic diminishing hydrophobic component: 20-100;

Flyash---inorganic density component: 50-200.

2. experimental technique

The impervious experiment of mortar: the infiltration of adopting the maximum permeable pressure under certain hour and pressure or seeing through test specimen is highly represented.Initiation pressure is 0.2MPa during experiment, and 2h is later on every 1h pressurization 0.1MPa, till infiltration; If infiltration is not yet then rived test specimen under 1.5MPa hydraulic pressure, measure its infiltration height.

Concrete permeability resistance experiment: constant voltage 24h under hydrostaticpressure 1.2MPa, then every 24h pressurization 1.2MPa, rise to 5.0MPa last 1 time, constant voltage 24h, if test specimen is then rived test specimen not permeable yet, measures the height of infiltration, averages.

The sample dimensions of concrete shrinkage experiment is 100mm * 100mm * 515mmm, under standard conditions behind the maintenance 14d, moves to humidity and be maintenance in 60% ± 5% the air, and carries out the mensuration of each degree of free swelling in the length of time (shrinking percentage).

3. development route

The molecular structure of research admixture and the relation of its performance finally reach according to performance requriements and design molecular structure.Strengthen the research of the mechanism of action of admixture.Mainly should carry out from the following aspects: the one, from of the effect of rheology angle research admixture to fresh concrete.Relate to the admixture molecule at the kinetics of adsorption of cement particle surface and the dispersion mechanism of cement granules.The 2nd, the research admixture is to the dynamic (dynamical) effect of hydrated cementitious, and final purpose is to derive the aquation kinetic model.The 3rd, the research admixture is to the effect of hardened cement paste.Mainly be the influence of admixture, thereby explain the mechanism of action of admixture the concrete works mechanical property to hydrated product size, form, Chemical Composition, specific surface area, the polymerization degree and microtexture.

Therefore, reduce the concrete pore rate, improve pore structure, improve gather materials-the cement stone interface structure, reduce and shrink, reduce the crack, be the key point that improves the anti-cracking impervious performance of concrete.

Based on the analysis of above-mentioned concrete cracking reason, this research adopts organic diminishing hydrophobic component, inorganic density component to improve concrete density, improve workability, to improve pore structure and interface structure; Adopt expansion component, light silica fibre to shrink to reduce, reduce the crack, and carry out the three and optimize the compound design route and develop the high-performance resistance and split the enhancing admixture.

Experimental water silt particle slurry and testing concrete performance the results are shown in Table 1, table 2.

The physical and mechanical property of table 1 mortar

Project	The time of coagulation/(h:min)		3d intensity/MPa		28d intensity/MPa
							Initial set	Final set	Resistance to compression	Anti-folding	Resistance to compression	Anti-folding
	Reference cement is mixed expansion component	2:25 2:23	3:37 3:18	36.4 33.9	6.2 6.2	61.6 61.8							9.0 8.9

Table 2 concrete degree of free swelling * 10 ^-4

Project	Maintenance in the water				Maintenance in the air
										1d	3d	7d	14d	21d	28d	42d	56d	90d

Normal concrete	0.20	0.36	0.16	0.40	-3.08	-5.76	-6.04	-6.52	-6.84
										Mix expansion component	3.44	5.05	6.14	6.40	5.55	5.28	3.75	2.28	1.78

Annotate: before the 14d is maintenance in the water, and curing temperature is 20 ± 2 ℃; Behind the 14d maintenance in the air, 20 ± 2 ℃ of curing temperatures, humidity 60% ± 5%.

5. the development of the anti-cracking impervious admixture of high-performance and performance test thereof

To give birth to alum, sulphoaluminate cement clinker, natural dihydrate gypsum, CaO etc. as expansion component, inorganic materials is as the density component, organic constituent is as organic diminishing hydrophobic resistance hole component, fiber splits component as resistance, adopt compounding technology, designed the prescription of many groups of anti-cracking impervious admixtures, make corresponding sand-cement slurry and concrete sample, carry out time of coagulation, intensity, deformation rate, performance test such as impervious, to determine the optimization formula of anti-cracking impervious admixture.

6. sand-cement slurry experiment

The experimental result of the sand-cement slurry of the different anti-cracking impervious admixture preparations of admixture is shown in table 3 and table 4.

7. concrete experiments

The proportioning of concrete experiments and experimental result thereof are shown in table 5 and table 6.In the experiment, total gel material content remains unchanged.

Mechanism is split in the concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier resistance:

1. expansion component hinders material and splits the influence of strengthening the property

After adding the expansion component of development voluntarily, the water absorption resistance of material, impermeability especially resistance to cleavage are improved.The data of M1 and M2 in comparison sheet 3, the table 4 add after the expansion component, and the expansion rule of mortar has obtained tangible improvement, helps improving the anti-cracking impervious ability of mortar.Simultaneously, M2 sample water regain reduces to 85.3%, and maximum permeable pressure is also brought up to 0.6MPa by the 0.4MPa of blank mortar.

Table 3 is mixed the contraction situation that the admixture mortar is split in resistance

Experiment numbers	Resistance is split admixture and is joined through (accounting for cement quality) %			Deformation rate (* 10 -4)
										Expansion component	Light silica fibre component	Organic diminishing hydrophobic component	1d	3d	7d	14d	21d	28d
	M1 M2 M3 M4	- 10 12 12	- - 10 10	- - - 1.1	-0.120 0.88 0.80 0.68	0.05 3.92 4.00 3.80	0.16 5.20 5.24 5.04	0.30 10.06 9.44 8.64	0.40 12.44 10.20 8.92										0.32 13.48 12.36 8.60

Annotate: curing condition is maintenance in the water

Other performance of table 4 mortar

Experiment numbers	The time of coagulation/(h:min)		3d intensity/MPa		7d intensity/MPa		28d intensity/MPa		24h water demand ratio/%	Maximum permeable pressure is/MPa	1.5MPa hydraulic pressure is infiltration height/mm down
												Initial set	Final set	Anti-folding	Resistance to compression	Anti-folding	Resistance to compression	Anti-folding	Resistance to compression
	M1 M2 M3 M4	2:25 2:21 2:42 2:27	3:37 3:17 3:50 3:41	6.2 6.2 7.9 8.2	36.4 34.2 36.7 37.5	7.4 7.2 6.9 7.3	45.7 44.7 47.7 49.9	9.2 8.9 11.9 13.6												61.6 60.5 66.1 69.4	100 85.3 55.0 35.2	0.4 0.6 0.8 -	- - - 15

Annotate: curing condition is maintenance in the water.

Table 5 experiment concrete mix

Experiment numbers	Water-cement ratio	Sand/(kg/m 3)	Stone/(kg/m 3)	Anti-cracking impervious agent proportioning/(kg/m 3)
							Expansion component	Light silica fibre component	Organic diminishing hydrophobic component
				C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6	0.41 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.31	635 635 635 635 635 635				1032 1032 1032 1032 1032 1032	- 0 60 78 78 78	- 60 60 60 40 80	- 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6

Table 6 experiment concrete performance

Experiment numbers	The slump/mm		Ultimate compression strength/MPa		Water-retentivity	24h water demand ratio %	(pressure/MPa)/(permeated height/mm)	Deformation rate/(* 10 -4)
														0h	3h	3d	28d	1d		7d		28d
	C1 C2 C3 C4	200 230 235 230	- 170 160 170	25.6 41.7 42.3 42.8				44.5 67.6 67.4 70.1	Relatively poor getting well carefully	100 60.0 41.2 51.0	2.4/ permeable 5.0/3.0 5.0/2.6 5.0/2.2	-0.03 -0.35 1.52 1.93												-0.80 -0.89 2.67 4.01		-3.12 -3.98 1.60 1.94	-

C5 C6

230 220

140 185

43.1 47.6

67.3 76.1

Carefully

54.9 40.8

5.0/2.4 5.0/2.2

1.86 1.66

3.64 2.88

1.96 0.96

The contrast of C2 and C3 data shows that the adding of expansion component helps improving concrete early strength in table 5, the table 6.This is because the adding of this component, not only can in the hydration and hardening process, significantly increase the content of ettringite and Ca (OH) 2 in the hydrated cementitious product, make the concrete can compensate for shrinkage and produce microdilatancy, change the stress-strain state in the course of hardening, fundamentally overcome the defective of concrete itself, reduce the generation of shrinkage crack.And a large amount of Ca (OH) 2 that form help exciting the pozzolanic activity of flyash, promote concrete early strength development, increase concrete degree of compactness.In addition, this expansion component also can play effect that fill to cut off the pore seam, makes the macropore hole that diminishes, and improves the concrete central hole structure and distributes, thereby improve concrete mechanical strength and opposing rimose ability.

2. light silica fibre is to the influence of material performance of resisting cracking

C4, C5 in M2 in comparison sheet 3, the table 4, M3 data and table 5, the table 6, C6 data, we can find: the adding of light silica fibre improves people's mortar and concrete workability, and this is low relevant with its surface shape and hydration heat.The adding of light silica fibre has further improved the water absorption resistance and the impermeability of material, as after adding light silica fibre, the mortar water demand ratio is reduced to 69.0% of M3 sample by 85.3% of M2 sample, and maximum permeable pressure is brought up to the 0.8MPa of M3 sample by the 0.6MPa of M2 sample; Within the specific limits, along with the increase of light silica fibre consumption, the concrete water demand ratio is reduced to 51.0% of C4 sample by 54.9% of C5 sample, and further reduces to 40.8% of C6 sample, and the concrete permeated height is reduced to 2.2cm by 2.4cm under the 5.0MPa.This volcanic ash effect with light silica fibre has further improved density, has reduced Ca (OH) 2 content, and it is relevant to have improved interface structure.In addition, under the low water-cement ratio condition, the adding of light silica fibre can significantly reduce hydration heat, helps the uniform distribution of hydrated product, and can significantly reduce because the crack that thermal stress causes.Unreacted light silica fibre also played filling pore, cut off hole, reduce porosity, improve the effect of pore structure.

3. organic diminishing hydrophobic component is to the influence of material performance of resisting cracking

The data of M3, M4 as can be seen in comparison sheet 3, the table 4, after adding organic diminishing hydrophobic component of development voluntarily in the mortar, water demand ratio is significantly reduced to 45.2% of M4 by 69.0% of M3, maximum permeable pressure is brought up to infiltration yet under the 1.5MPa hydraulic pressure of M4 by the 0.8MPa of M3, test specimen is rived, and its infiltration highly also only has 1.5cm.This mainly is because organic diminishing hydrophobic component of development has the high dispersing ability to micropartical, can keep the high dispersive performance of particle again, promptly existing high water-reducing rate increases substantially concrete density, high serviceability can be obtained again, and slump-loss can be controlled.In addition, this hydrophobic organic resistance hole component can produce even and small bubble, and concrete viscosity is increased, suppress the effect of sedimentation bleeding, and these bubble right and wrong openings, because the obstruct of bubble, change quantity capillaceous and characteristic, reduced concrete penetrating passage.This component can not make the capillary wall hydrophobisation in the concrete, hinders concrete water sorption, makes mortar and concrete water absorption resistance, impermeability further obtain reinforcement.

4. the anti-cracking impervious Analysis on Mechanism of the anti-cracking impervious admixture of high-performance

After the concrete depositing owing to the reason of bleeding within it portion form a lot of capillary bleeding passages, when the velocity of evaporation of concrete surface moisture content greater than moisture content during to the travelling speed on surface, the concrete dehydration will be from outward appearance to inner essence to the depths development, and the curvature of the meniscus of water also will increase thereupon gradually in the pore.According to the capillary principle, the tension force effect of water will make concave meniscus that the trend of dwindling is arranged in the kapillary, and negative pressure will make capillary wall be subjected to the compressive action of sustainable growth in the hole that this trend causes.When this compressive action suffers restraints, will ftracture because being in tension state in concrete surface, and this is that concrete produces contraction and finally develops into fissured microscopic reason.Because the adding of light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier can reduce even eliminate fully the crack that is produced after the concrete depositing significantly.Its former because: mix in the self-waterproof concrete hydration process of this agent preparation (1), the generation that the colloidalmaterial that generates with " DFP " reaction can decompose sulplo-aluminate and gel, increase particle cohesive force and bond stress, reached the special efficacy of once per revolution vibration, the agent of homogeneous knot during concrete vibrating.Angle of stability does not have and shrinks.Solved the chemical corrosion of inside concrete, good endurance (2) is separated out light silica fibre, and light silica fibre presents the microcosmic three-dimensional net structure in concrete, played the effect that " support " gathers materials, and its action effect is to have stoped the sedimentation of gathering materials; Can reduce simultaneously the bleed of concrete surface.The segregation of this water, material makes the top layer dehydration that bigger sedimentation take place rapidly, thereby causes the surface many cracks to occur, and this crack often is called settlement crack.Can effectively prevent and suppress concrete segregation because light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier adds the people, so also just reduce even stoped the crack of concrete surface layer to produce fully.Light silica fibre bears drying shrinkage and produces tensile stress in the concrete of plastic state, thereby reduces fissured quantity.The concrete strength of plastic state is very low, and when moisture evaporation, concrete because of contraction tensile stress takes place, and very easily causes the crack.The light silica fibre that is dispersed in a large number in the concrete can bear this kind tensile stress, reduces and prevents fissured generation and development.

The data of table 5, table 6 show that Pei Zhi mortar and concrete every performance are very excellent thus, especially workability and anti-cracking impervious performance.This is because expansion component, light silica fibre and organic diminishing hydrophobic component three's synergy material reaches performance demands such as high workability, high impervious cracking resistance.Three's synergy is that it has reduced water cement ratio significantly, has improved workability, has improved concrete density, refinement hole, increased closed pores and aperture, reduce harmful hole content significantly, and make the capillary wall hydrophobisation in the concrete.In addition, three's synergy also is the expansion component developed voluntarily, ettringite and Ca (OH) 2 content in the hydrated cementitious product have significantly been increased, not only make the concrete can compensate for shrinkage and produce microdilatancy, reduce the crack, and a large amount of Ca (OH) 2 that form help exciting pozzolanic activity, promote concrete early strength development.In a word, in sum:

1. the present invention uses the mortar of the anti-cracking impervious admixture preparation of high-performance of development, and under the experiment volume, the 24h water demand ratio only is 45.2%, and 1.5MPa hydraulic pressure descending water height has only 15mm, and 28d ultimate compression strength is 1.11 times of blank mortar.With the concrete of its preparation, the slump reaches 220mm, and the slump reaches 185mm behind the 3h, good water-retaining property, and permeated height 22mm only under the 5.0MPa, 48h water demand ratio only 40.8%; Compare with normal concrete, 3d, 28d ultimate compression strength can improve 60%, maintenance in the water before the 14d, and maintenance in the air behind the 14d, 90d still has certain microdilatancy during the length of time.

2. separate out light silica fibre, light silica fibre presents the microcosmic three-dimensional net structure in concrete, played the effect that " support " gathers materials, and its action effect is to have stoped the sedimentation of gathering materials; Can reduce simultaneously the bleed of concrete surface.The segregation of this water, material makes the top layer dehydration that bigger sedimentation take place rapidly, thereby causes the surface many cracks to occur.Because light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier adds the people and can effectively prevent and suppress concrete segregation.Light silica fibre bears drying shrinkage and produces tensile stress in the concrete of plastic state, thereby reduces fissured quantity.The concrete strength of plastic state is very low, and when moisture evaporation, concrete because of contraction tensile stress takes place, and very easily causes the crack.The light silica fibre that is dispersed in a large number in the concrete can bear this kind tensile stress, reduces and prevents fissured generation and development.

3. expansion component, light silica fibre and organic diminishing hydrophobic component three's synergy can reduce water cement ratio significantly, improve workability of concrete and pore structure, improve concrete density and promote the early strength development, and make the concrete can compensate for shrinkage and produce microdilatancy, realize that material reaches performance demands such as high workability, high cracking resistance.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of concrete light silicon fibre crack-proof intensifier is characterized in that it is that component is prepared from by weight by following composition:

The sulphoaluminate cement clinker of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate---production, essential mineral are anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate expansion component (C ₄A ₃S), β-C ₂S:280-680;

Give birth to alunite---natural alumstone [K ₂SO ₄AI ₂(SO ₄) ₃4AI (OH) ₃]: 160-300;

Ripe alum---natural alumstone obtains after 400-600 ℃ of calcining: 50-200;

Dehydrated gyp----the plaster of paris obtains after 600 ℃ of calcinings, and essential mineral is γ-CaSO4:40-150;

Naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent---high efficiency water reducing agent: 50-150;

Silicon ash---the light silica fibre component of chain type crystal structure silicate clay mineral: 180-500;

Polypropylene fibre: 10-50;

Sodium lignosulfonate---organic diminishing hydrophobic component: 20-100;

Flyash---inorganic density component: 50-200.