CN101055617A - Human face quick detection method based on local description - Google Patents

Human face quick detection method based on local description Download PDF

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CN101055617A
CN101055617A CN 200610073171 CN200610073171A CN101055617A CN 101055617 A CN101055617 A CN 101055617A CN 200610073171 CN200610073171 CN 200610073171 CN 200610073171 A CN200610073171 A CN 200610073171A CN 101055617 A CN101055617 A CN 101055617A
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face
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卢汉清
金洪亮
刘青山
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of computer visual sense and pattern recognition, especially relates to a method for rapidly testing the face of people based on local description son, comprising: based on gray-scale image and the binary-coded characteristic in regional area, testing the position and size of face in the gray-scale image by the face detection son through learning and trainning. The invention, based on the method of binary local diagnostic, can acquire the better effect for the image which is poor to illumination, and has simple and convenient calculation, little trainning, and good realization, therefore the invention can be used in personal computer and be moved into the embedded system conveniently. The invention is applied to computer visual sense and pattern recognition, for example, biological characteristic certification, information security, human-computer interaction as well as visual monitoring.

Description

Human face quick detection method based on local description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer vision and area of pattern recognition, relate to human face quick detection method particularly based on local description.
Background technology
Based on the human face analysis of image and video is one of research focus in computer vision and the area of pattern recognition in recent years, because it has broad application prospect, such as: biological characteristic authentication, information security, man-machine interaction and vision monitoring or the like.It is one of committed step in the automatic human face analysis system that people's face detects, and its purpose is exactly to find the position of people's face and existence thereof from video camera is caught the image that comes, is further to analyze to do initial the preparation.Therefore the effect of people's face detection directly influences the performance of human face analysis system.In recent years, people have proposed a large amount of method for detecting human face.Can divide two big classes substantially: one, early stage method is to utilize features of skin colors, and in conjunction with the simple geometric feature.Its shortcoming is that in addition, the extraction of geometric properties is very sensitive to environmental factors such as illumination to the background close with the colour of skin very robust not.Two, based on the method for statistical learning.Utilize the method for statistical learning to find people's face pattern and non-face mode difference.Because it has good performance, now become the main stream approach that detects for people's face.
At present, people's face under the normal illumination detects problem comparative maturity, but under the relatively poor situation of illumination condition, the detection effect of most of algorithms can sharply descend.If can propose the constant people's face representation feature of illumination, will have very great help to the detection of the people's face under the different illumination conditions.In addition, the efficient that people's face detects, the easy degree of realization, portability all is the problem that needs consideration.
Image detection is one of committed step in the automated image analysis system.Its purpose is exactly to catch the position of finding image and existence thereof the next image from video camera, is further to analyze to do initial preparation.Therefore, the effect of image detection directly influences the performance of image analysis system.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, the objective of the invention is to catch the position of finding its existence of people's face in the next image fast at video camera, for this reason, the present invention will for the automated image analysis system provide a kind of detect effect true, based on the human face quick detection method of local description.
According to the solution of the present invention, the image method for quick based on local description has been proposed, may further comprise the steps:
Extract the gray level image step: the image based on obtaining becomes image into gray level image;
Generate the descriptor step: carry out binary coding based on regional area, generate binary coding descriptor with description face characteristic;
Generate people's face and detect substep: learn based on training sample, generate people's face of describing based on binary features and detect son;
Detect the gray level image step: detect son based on people's face and detect gray level image, in gray level image, obtain the position and the scale size of people's face;
People's face integration step: based near a plurality of testing results the same position, carry out people's face and integrate, obtain final people's face testing result.
The method that the present invention proposes is to be used for the algorithm of feature and detected image of token image.Be based on the positive detection method of gray level image, in order further to improve the efficient of image detection algorithm, we have also adopted hierarchical structure to quicken computing, given training data, adopt the number of features and the parameter that need in the method study acquisition hierarchical structure of statistical learning, solved the shortcoming of time consumption for training in the Voila method.
A kind of image detection algorithm that proposes among the present invention based on scale-of-two partial descriptions subcharacter, its starting point be exactly the personnel selection face local features people's face is described, adopt the AdaBoost algorithm that each regional area is organically combined then and comprehensively judge whether people's face.Be referred to as improved partial binary pattern (Improved Local Binary Patterns-ILBP), the advantage of extracting this feature is:
(1) the present invention is based on the method for scale-of-two local feature, the different regional area codings of image are become a plurality of binary numbers, this characterizing method has certain robustness to illumination variation and partial occlusion in essence, because this method that the present invention proposes has the feature of certain illumination robustness, to illumination-insensitive, therefore, the present invention does not need to carry out other illumination treatment for correcting, to the relatively poor image detection of illumination condition, also can obtain effect preferably.Its calculates easy, and realizability is good, therefore can be applied to personal computer very easily and is transplanted in the embedded system and goes.
(2) use local description to carry out image detection algorithm, in testing process,, need the image of different scale be detected in order to obtain the image-region of different scale and position based on binary features.Adopting the AdaBoost algorithm is in order to extract the useful character subset of classifying in the polybinary feature of comforming, to remove a large amount of unnecessary redundancies.Experimental result has proved that the method that the present invention proposes has good effect.Binary features has yardstick inconvenience characteristic, so the present invention only needs scale-of-two is carried out convergent-divergent, and the convergent-divergent binary features do not introduce new calculation cost, has so also improved the efficient of image detection algorithm.It still can obtain quite good detecting effectiveness under the relatively poor situation of illumination condition, because it realizes convenient, calculate simply, rapidly, can obtain well to detect performance with very little calculation cost, therefore can satisfy the requirement of realtime graphic detection system fully.
The analysis that the present invention is based on image and video is applied to computer vision and area of pattern recognition, and it can be widely used in, such as: biological characteristic authentication, information security, man-machine interaction and vision monitoring or the like.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention provides regional area coding and becomes the binary features synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is the weights partial structurtes signal of adopting seven kinds of binary features codings in the algorithm of the present invention
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are that the effect of utilizing the present invention that people's face image data of many people of test database is implemented shows.
Fig. 5 utilizes the present invention that the people's face on the PIE test library is detected design sketch
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is specified.Be noted that described embodiment only is for illustrative purposes, rather than limitation of the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is that a regional area coding becomes the binary features synoptic diagram in the gray level image of the present invention
The human face quick detection method that the present invention proposes based on local description, be used for characterizing the feature of people's face and the algorithm of detection people face, its algorithm is referred to as improved partial binary pattern (ImprovedLocal Binary Patterns-ILBP), claim that promptly ILBP is the scale-of-two local description, be a kind of people's face representation feature of illumination robust, adopt it to characterize people's face.Be characterized in the different regional area codings of facial image are become a plurality of binary numbers, this characterizing method has certain robustness to illumination variation in essence.
Particularly, the step of extraction gray level image comprises: the pretreatment operation that coloured image is converted into gray level image.
The present invention becomes the image that shooting obtains into gray level image, secondly with people's face descriptor of learning to obtain based on the description of partial binary eigenwert, detect in the gray level image and near each point whether people's face is arranged, to because a plurality of testing results that factors such as yardstick obtain are integrated, export final testing result at last.People's face descriptor that the present invention adopts, be by calculating the improved binary features in the topography, learn to select automatically the binary features of diverse location and yardstick in some local gray level images then by Boost, form people's face descriptor with their weighted array.
Particularly, its step that generates the partial binary value is as follows:
1) original-gray image is divided into a plurality of regional areas with radius R;
2) regional area is generated binary coding;
3) the partial binary feature generates the step of regional area binary value:
A. determine the radius of the regional area of gray scale image;
B. definite gray scale image regional area pixel is counted;
C. determine gray scale image regional area central point, determine its value;
D. determine gray scale image regional area point on every side;
E. partial binary feature mode ILBP is as follows:
ILBP P , R = Σ i = 0 P - 1 s ( g i - m ) 2 i + s ( g c - m ) 2 P .
s ( x ) = 1 , x > 0 0 , x ≤ 0
m = 1 P + 1 ( Σ i = 0 P - 1 g i + g c )
ILBP P, RThe expression radius is R, the count partial binary eigenwert of P of pixel.
Particularly, in gray scale image, suppose that with a C be the center, its value (what adopt in experiment is gray-scale value) is g cWith the radius is R, finds its regional area pixel that exists on every side to count, and is assumed to be P point; Get a C and the count mean value m of P of pixel on every side, the partial binary feature is exactly so, the value of these points is compared with m respectively, if just be encoded into 1 greater than m, otherwise just being encoded into 0, is the center with the C point like this, gets in gray level image with radius R and forms regional area, pixel in the described regional area P that counts is the eigenwert of binary features, promptly is the partial binary feature ILBP of radius with R P, RGenerated binary value.
Particularly, generate the descriptor step and comprise: get in gray level image with radius R and form regional area, the P that counts of the pixel in described regional area is binary-coded descriptor.
Particularly, generating the detection substep comprises: based on the Boost algorithm, people's face that some effective binary features of study from a large amount of binary features, study obtain being used for number, parameter and the weighted array mode thereof of the binary features that people's face detects detects son.
Particularly, detect the gray level image step and comprise: the gray level image to different scale detects, and obtains the gray level image zone of different scale and position and detect position and the scale size that generates people's face automatically in gray level image.
Particularly, binary features is carried out convergent-divergent, exactly gray scale image regional area radius R is carried out convergent-divergent, obtain the image-region of different scale and position.At the coding regional area is with radius R people's face binary features to be carried out convergent-divergent, thereby obtains the regional area face characteristic of different scale and diverse location.
Fig. 2 has provided the weights synoptic diagram of seven kinds of binary features codings that adopt in the algorithm,
In order to reflect the local feature of different scale in people's face, we have adopted seven kinds of different binary features to come the regional area of people's face pattern is encoded, and have provided the coded system of these seven kinds of patterns.
Because the quantity of scale-of-two local description is a lot, the present invention adopts the AdaBoost method to select the people's face with the meaning represented from these local descriptions and describes feature, and it is more effectively quick that people's face is represented.
In the training image of a width of cloth 24*24 pixel size, comprise 2,656 such binary features altogether, wherein radius be 1 have 484 (22*22) individual, radius be 2 have 1200 (20*20*3) individual, radius be 3 have 972 (18*18*3) individual.
Thousands of binary features that obtain in the facial image are comprising a large amount of redundant informations, in order to obtain wherein effectively part, according to Fig. 1 of the embodiment of the invention as can be seen, the span of each partial binary feature ILBP feature is [0,511] totally 512 values (wherein 511 effectively).
The binary features according to the present invention, particularly, the calculation process that has provided Weak Classifier and error is as follows:
1. sample weights is ω in the t time circulation i, i=1 ..., n, n are numbers of samples.
2. be respectively positive negative sample and set up weighted histogram
PH p ( v ) = Σ x ( p ) = v yi i = 1 ω i NH p ( v ) = Σ x ( p ) = v yi = 1 ω i
3. calculate the error of Weak Classifier:
ϵ P = Σ v = 0 511 min { PH P ( v ) , NH P ( v ) }
4. the form of final Weak Classifier:
Figure A20061007317100093
Here PH, NH is the weighted histogram of positive negative sample, p={ (a, b), k} comprises partial structurtes information, and (a b) is the coordinate of the binary features of facial image, and k is the kind of the binary features of facial image, v ∈ 0,1 ..., 511} is the encoded radio of the binary features p of facial image.
Particularly, the weights of described training sample can be constructed two weighted histograms of positive negative sample correspondence, each histogram comprises 512 gray levels; Be added to the sample weights in the AdaBoost algorithm in the gray level of histogram correspondence respectively according to its encoded radio; Last when classifying again, according to the question blank of one 512 grades of the size structures of two weighted histogram corresponding grey scale levels, when the weights of positive sample and greater than the weights of negative sample and, the corresponding grey scale level of then establishing question blank is 1, otherwise then is 0.The present invention adopts the AdaBoost algorithm to carry out extraction and fusion based on Weak Classifier, each regional area is organically combined comprehensively judge whether people's face.
Particularly, people's face integration step comprises: based near the testing result that has a plurality of redundancies the same position coordinate of each regional area of live part and each yardstick is averaged comprehensively and judges, generate final testing result.
In order further to improve the efficient of people's face detection algorithm,, provided the AdaBoost algorithm basic principle particularly according to the present invention:
1. given sample (x 1, y 1) ..., (x n, y n), y here i=0,1 corresponding negative sample and just sample respectively
2. initialization sample weights (x i, y i), w t , i = 1 2 m , 1 2 l , y = 0,1 , M is the negative sample number, and l is positive number of samples.
3. set as anterior layer number of features initial value t=0, and circulation
●t＝t+1
● at weights distribution w iCalculate the weighted error (see figure 1) of all Weak Classifiers down
● the Weak Classifier p of Select Error minimum t, error is ε t, and order β t = ϵ t 1 - ϵ t , α t = - 1 2 ln β t
● refreshing weight w t + 1 , i = w t , i β t 1 - e i , Correct branch time-like e=0, otherwise e=1
● normalization sample weights w
● after obtaining t feature, adjust current threshold value, make T=t, withdraw from circulation if performance reaches requirement.
4. the form of working as the final strong classifier of anterior layer: h ( I ) = Σ t = 1 T α t h pt ≥ 1 2 Σ t = 1 T α t , Wherein I is a unknown sample.
5. use the Bootstrap algorithm to upgrade the negative sample set, jump to step 2, continue study.
The present invention adopts the AdaBoost algorithm that each regional area is organically combined and comprehensively judges whether people's face.In order further to improve detection efficiency, adopted hierarchical structure to quicken computing.Given training data adopts the number of features and the parameter that need in the method study acquisition hierarchical structure of statistical learning.Adopting the AdaBoost algorithm is in order to extract the useful character subset of classifying in the polybinary feature of comforming, to remove a large amount of unnecessary redundancies.
Because the selection of multiple dimensioned feature, near common people's face that can detect a plurality of close yardsticks real human face, described descriptor detect automatically diverse location, different scale in the gray level image and generate a plurality of face characteristics.We adopt the people's face coordinate under each yardstick are averaged the result who obtains unique integration people face detection at last.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 4 utilizes the present invention that the image data implementation result of test database is shown.
Fig. 5 utilizes the present invention to famous MIT-CMU people's face test database.Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 has shown the effect of utilizing the present invention to obtain integrating the detection of people's face, and experimental result has proved that the method that the present invention proposes has good effect.
Explanation at last: top description is to be used to realize the present invention and embodiment, and scope of the present invention should not described by this and limit.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art,, all belong to claim of the present invention and come restricted portion in any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of human face quick detection method based on local description is characterized in that step comprises:
Extract the gray level image step: the image based on obtaining becomes image into gray level image;
Generate the descriptor step: carry out binary coding based on regional area, generate binary coding descriptor with description face characteristic;
Generate people's face and detect substep: learn based on training sample, generate people's face of describing based on binary features and detect son;
Detect the gray level image step: detect son based on people's face and detect gray level image, in gray level image, obtain the position and the scale size of people's face;
People's face integration step: based near a plurality of testing results the same position, carry out people's face and integrate, obtain final people's face testing result.
2, according to the described human face quick detection method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the step of described extraction gray level image comprises: the pretreatment operation that coloured image is converted into gray level image based on local description.
3, according to the described human face quick detection method of claim 1 based on local description, it is characterized in that, described generation descriptor step comprises: get in gray level image with radius R and form regional area, the P that counts of the pixel in described regional area is binary-coded descriptor.
4, according to the described human face quick detection method of claim 1 based on local description, it is characterized in that, described generation detects substep and comprises: based on the Boost algorithm, people's face that some effective binary features of study from a large amount of binary features, study obtain being used for number, parameter and the weighted array mode thereof of the binary features that people's face detects detects son.
5, according to the described human face quick detection method of claim 1 based on local description, it is characterized in that, described detection gray level image step comprises: detect the gray level image detection of son to different scale based on binary coding, obtain the gray level image regional area of different scale and position and detect position and the scale size that generates people's face automatically in gray level image.
6, according to claim 1 or 5 described human face quick detection methods based on local description, it is characterized in that, described people's face integration step comprises: based near the testing result that has a plurality of redundancies the same position coordinate of each regional area of live part and each yardstick is averaged comprehensively and judges, generate final testing result.
According to the described human face quick detection method based on local description of claim 3, it is characterized in that 7, described partial binary characterization step comprises: is the center at gray level image with a C, and some C value is g cBe that R finds and has a pixel P that counts around its regional area with the radius, to put C and the pixel P value of counting and on average obtain mean value m, the eigenwert of partial binary feature be some C and pixel count P value respectively with mean value m relatively, if become 1 greater than the m coding, otherwise coding becomes 0, is the center with the C point then, is that the binary features of radius regional area has generated binary value with R.
8, according to the described human face quick detection method of claim 4 based on local description, it is characterized in that: described is with radius R people's face binary features to be carried out convergent-divergent at the coding regional area, thereby obtains the regional area face characteristic of different scale and diverse location.
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