CN1529278A - Multi-category-based human face classifying and identifying method - Google Patents

Multi-category-based human face classifying and identifying method Download PDF

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CN1529278A
CN1529278A CNA2003101107205A CN200310110720A CN1529278A CN 1529278 A CN1529278 A CN 1529278A CN A2003101107205 A CNA2003101107205 A CN A2003101107205A CN 200310110720 A CN200310110720 A CN 200310110720A CN 1529278 A CN1529278 A CN 1529278A
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face
people
human face
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facial image
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CN1266642C (en
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龚卫国
刘嘉敏
李伟红
张红梅
粱毅雄
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The method includes following steps: using 3D camera to take images of human in each part, building up image database for human face; based on certain classification criterion, human faces are classified to multiple classes according to characteristics; based on physical features in geometry and structure, 23 points of geometrical feature and 16 eigenvectors are defined for human faces; classifying and recognizing are carried out for geometrical features of human face by using classifier; finally, combining conventional method based on algebraic features completes final recognizing human face. In practice, the method provided by the invention is utilized to carry out classifying and recognizing. After class of a human face is determined, using the image database of human face for the class carries out recognizing analysis. The larger the image database of human face, the more obvious the effect is.

Description

Based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass
Technical field
The invention belongs to Flame Image Process, computer vision, mode identification technology, particularly a kind of face identification method.
Technical background
Development along with various infotecies, how to effectively utilize technology such as electronics, information processing, computing machine, network communication, artificial intelligence, convenient, discern personnel identity accurately, reliably, ensure the legitimate rights and interests and the social public security of members of society, safeguard world peace, become the important problem that countries in the world government, business circles, country and international community need solve jointly.
The feature that is based on the be different from all other men that human body self has by means of the human body biological characteristics recognition technology (Biometrics) of computer technology is carried out identification, therefore is different from the authentication recognition technology that relies on certificate, password, magnetic card, IC-card, photo, key etc. to be still " recognizing thing does not recognize people " in essence fully.The core of this technology is to obtain human body biological characteristics how effectively and is converted into numerical information to be stored in the computing machine, utilize again corresponding dependable algorithm finish the checking with identification personal identification to reach the purpose of authentication and safety inspection.
Compare with other biological identification technology, recognition of face has 2 unique characteristics: the occasion that is fit to require hidden implementation.Other biometric discrimination method generally needs some voluntary action of people, as presses fingerprint, signature etc., and recognition of face is lower to this requirement, makes it be easier to use, and is particularly suitable for requiring the occasion of hidden implementation.In the time will verifying a people's identity, has only the most directly perceived, the most convenient of people's face by biological recorder.The fingerprint the unanimity whether fingerprint that the keeper only can't judge a people with eyes is registered with identical ID user, but can look like to judge by face relatively.
The problem of facial recognition techniques maximum is the influence that is easy to be subjected to factors such as lift face, cosmetic at present, and all ages and classes section also on certain degree facial changing features can take place.Many factors make recognition of face become a thorny and challenging problem, also therefore become the focus that biological characteristic is studied in recent years.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of some prior arts: have many face identification methods why can not reach very high efficient at present, be because the facial image database that is used to discern is too big, make when carrying out recognition of face, need a large amount of time to carry out search matched, thereby make that whole recognition time is long, can not satisfy the practicality requirement of identification.Attempt from a brand-new visual angle, proposition a kind of based on multi-class recognition of face analytical approach, this method is concentrated at jumbo facial image database, and it is classified by a certain standard, and purpose is to reduce all kinds of facial image numbers.Like this, when carrying out the discriminance analysis of people's face, at first use method provided by the present invention to carry out Classification and Identification, under having judged this people's face, during classification, in such facial image database, carry out discriminance analysis again, thereby improve the recognition efficiency of people's face.
It is a kind of based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass that the present invention proposes, may further comprise the steps:
1) utilizes the picked-up of three-dimensional camera shooting system respectively to distinguish facial image, be used to set up the facial image database;
2) according to certain sorting criterion, people's face is divided into a plurality of classifications by feature, for the jumbo facial image database of having set up, should become a plurality of databases by feature decomposition than low capacity;
3), define 23 geometric properties points and 16 proper vectors of people's face according to the physical feature of how much of all kinds of others' faces and structure;
4) utilize sorter that people's face geometric properties is carried out Classification and Identification;
5) the conventional method based on algebraic characteristic of combination is finished the final identification of people's face.
Characteristics of the present invention and effect: by to high capacity facial image database, at first use the first classification that method provided by the present invention is finished recognition of face, and then carry out the discriminance analysis of people's face.The classification results that experiment showed, this method is very reliable, and its discrimination of on average classifying reaches more than 90%, and can increase substantially the recognition of face efficient of high capacity facial image database, and to big more facial image database, effect is obvious more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the step block diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 2: three-dimensional camera shooting system schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 3: the unique point of the inventive method people's face is chosen synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4: the inventive method is with the china administration zoning synoptic diagram of the artificial example of China.
Fig. 5: the inventive method is with the typical human face of the selected zones of different of the artificial example of China.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass, and is existing in conjunction with each accompanying drawing, is divided into example with the administrative division of China, describes its embodiment in detail:
The general steps of this method as shown in Figure 1, at first all kinds of others face samples are carried out Extraction of Geometrical Features, form people's face geometric properties storehouse, utilize face characteristic vector and face characteristic matrix computations mahalanobis distance of all categories to be identified, by relatively, can finish the Classification and Identification process of people's face.Concrete enforcement is as follows:
1. set up the three-dimensional camera shooting system, be used to absorb facial image.
As shown in Figure 2, be used for the facial camera of positive Z direction, adopt the colored CCD digital picture sensing part that is higher than 400,000 pixels, the camera that is used for side directions X and top Y direction adopts the CCD numeral black and white image sensing spare that is not less than 300,000 pixels.CCD digital picture sensing part unit product on the main employing market is developed and the integrated three-dimensional CCD digital camera system that is used for the human body shooting.By three-dimensional CCD digital camera system shown in Figure 2 people's face being made a video recording, (wherein the CCD digital camera of Z direction takes the face-image and the front outline of object human body, the CCD digital camera system of X and Y direction takes dynamic side profile and top profile respectively), three profile image that simultaneous computer obtains sampling combine in real time and form numerical imaging and deposit Chinese's face image data base in.
2. according to sorting criterion, everybody face of China is divided into a plurality of classifications by feature,, its category is resolved into a plurality of databases than low capacity for the jumbo face database of having set up.
As shown in Figure 4, China is divided into North China district, NORTHEAST REGION IN, southwest district, East China district, Central China district, south China district and northwest totally seven big zones from the division in administrative area.Consider that for same administrative area, the weather of people's diet, habits and customs and surrounding environment is all more close, the growth to the people should have certain influence to some degree.If can go out the face characteristic in each district from certain angle extraction, to play very important effect for further Chinese recognition of face, therefore we just divide by the zone when gathering the facial image data consciously, have set up the facial image database based on the china administration zoning.
By the analysis of front, take for 5 times through front and back, we have set up a typical regional facial image database.This database is selected 186 pictures altogether for use, and wherein the southwest district is 42,20 of northwests, 30 in North China district, 19 in East China district, 30 in Central China district, 29 of NORTHEAST REGION IN, 16 in south China district.
3. 23 geometric properties points of definition people face and 16 proper vectors (as shown in Figure 3).
23 geometric properties points mainly concentrate on eyebrow, eyes, nose and face, specifically describe as follows:
● B 1, B 2, B 3, B 4Be respectively the end points of two eyebrows, B is B 2And B 3Mid point;
● E 1, E 2, E 3, E 4Be respectively the interior tail of the eye of two eyes, E is E 2And E 3Mid point;
● N 2, N 3Be respectively the bottom inward flange point in two nostrils, N is N 2And N 3Mid point, N 1N 4Be N 2N 3The intersection point of extended line and cheek outline line;
● M 2, M 3Be respectively the bottom inward flange point in two nostrils, M is EN and M 2M 3The line intersection point, M 1M 4Be M 2M 3The intersection point of extended line and cheek outline line;
● W 1W 2Be the mid point of EN line and the intersection point of cheek outline line;
● C is the intersection point of EN line and chin.
16 corresponding proper vectors mainly comprise short transverse, Width, angle and length breadth ratio, specifically describe as follows:
● highly: EB/EN; EM/EN; EC/EN
● width: B 1B 2Or B 3B 4/ E 2E 3B 2B 3/ E 2E 3E 1E 2Or E 3E 4/ E 2E 3W 1W 2/ E 2E 3N 2N 3/ E 2E 3M 2M 3/ E 2E 3N 1N 4/ E 2E 3M 1M 4/ E 2E 3
● length breadth ratio: E 2E 3/ EN
● angle: ∠ B 2NB 3∠ E 1NE 4∠ E 2NE 3∠ M 2NM 3
4. carry out the Classification and Identification of people's face.
In order to finish the people's face geometric properties Classification and Identification between seven six administrative areas of the People's Republic of China, just be necessary between the sample data in these districts, to set up specific decision function, when the type of feature surpasses two, also this decision function is called the multicategory classification device.Usually follow the principle of " Things of a kind come together " when setting up the multicategory classification device, embody the similarity of each type sample as much as possible.For a sample, be exactly a point at its feature space.If sorter is selected suitably, so of a sort sample just is distributed in the zone thick and fast, inhomogeneous sample will away from.Therefore, dot spacing type under distance has reflected respective sample has indifference, can be used as the sample similarity measurement.
For the data set of many reality, normal distribution is normally reasonably approximate.If a certain sample in feature space is distributed near this class average, and is fewer away from the sample of average point morely, in general, be rational as the probability model of this class with normal distribution.Because the character that the mahalanobis distance followed normal distribution distributes, we have adopted mahalanobis distance as sorter here, have to calculate simply, and the characteristics that realize can obtain discrimination preferably easily.
To every facial image, at first obtain 16 features by automatic identifying method, form a feature vector, X i, suppose that certain district has n to open people's face, so X=(x 1, x 2..., x n) TBe exactly the eigenmatrix of this people from district face, calculate the mean vector μ and the covariance matrix ∑ of this matrix,, and calculate mahalanobis distance between it and each district eigenmatrix then to every face characteristic vector x to be identified
γ = ( x - μ ) T Σ - 1 ( x - μ )
Select these minimum value and value, can judge this people's face affiliated area.
The face identification system of being made up of above method is by the test of actual motion, effect is very obvious, illustrate as follows: in the actual motion, 29 samples are got in the district northeastward respectively, 16 samples are got in the south China district, 30 samples are got in the North China district, 19 samples are got in the East China district, 30 samples are got in Central China district, 20 samples are got in the northwest, 42 samples are got in the southwest district, the sample number that can correctly discern is 27 of NORTHEAST REGION IN, 15 in south China district, 29 in North China district, 17 in East China district, 27 in Central China district, 19 of northwests, 36 in southwest district, therefore the discrimination in each district is respectively NORTHEAST REGION IN 93.1%, south China district 93.75%, North China district 96.67%, East China district 89.47%, Central China district 90%, northwest 95%, southwest district 85.71%.
5. finish the final identification of people's face in conjunction with conventional method based on algebraic characteristic.
Here, we select to carry out the final identification of people's face based on the method for svd.The ultimate principle of svd is to regard each facial image as a character matrix, then this matrix decomposition is become a diagonal matrix and two unitary matrix, and utilizes the difference of every people's face on these two matrixes to carry out the identification of people's face.
The present invention is in order to verify whether added Classification and Identification in face recognition process effective after this step, we have taked following two schemes: one, extract people's face arbitrarily out as people's face to be identified from 186 people's faces, directly use based on the method for svd and discern, recognition time approximately wanted for 2 seconds.Two, at first use based on the multicategory classification device method of mahalanobis distance and classify, need about 0.7 second of cost; Then use again and discern time-consuming about 0.3 second based on the method for svd.That is to say,, utilize scheme two to discern, can save the time of half basically at the database that has 186 people's faces that we set up.And in the process of experiment, we also find, for king-sized face database, may repeatedly classify, and can obtain higher efficient.
In sum, adopt and provided by the present inventionly can greatly improve Chinese's recognition of face efficient, thereby advance the practicability of face identification system based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) sets up a three-dimensional camera shooting system, be used to absorb facial image;
(2) set up sorting criterion according to certain criteria for classifying, people's face is divided into a plurality of classifications by feature;
(3), on every facial image, extract 23 geometric properties points and obtain 16 proper vectors according to the physical feature of how much of people's faces and structure:
1. 23 geometric properties points that extract on every facial image comprise:
● B 1, B 2, B 3, B 4Be respectively the end points of two eyebrows, B is B 2And B 3Mid point;
● E 1, E 2, E 3, E 4Be respectively the interior tail of the eye of two eyes, E is E 2And E 3Mid point;
● N 2, N 3Be respectively the bottom inward flange point in two nostrils, N is N 2And N 3Mid point, N 1N 4Be N 2N 3
The intersection point of extended line and cheek outline line;
● M 2, M 3Be respectively the bottom inward flange point in two nostrils, M is EN and M 2M 3The line intersection point,
M 1M 4Be M 2M 3The intersection point of extended line and cheek outline line;
● W 1W 2Be the mid point of EN line and the intersection point of cheek outline line;
● C is the intersection point of EN line and chin;
2. 16 proper vectors comprise short transverse, Width, angle and length breadth ratio:
● highly: EB/EN; EM/EN; EC/EN
● width: B 1B 2Or B 3B 4/ E 2E 3B 2B 3/ E 2E 3E 1E 2Or E 3E 4/ E 2E 3W 1W 2/ E 2E 3N 2N 3/
E 2E 3；M 2M 3/E 2E 3；N 1N 4/E 2E 3；M 1M 4/E 2E 3
● length breadth ratio: E 2E 3/ EN
● angle: ∠ B 2NB 3∠ E 1NE 4∠ E 2NE 3∠ M 2NM 3
(4) to 16 eigenmatrixes that the geometric properties vector is constituted of every class people's face, calculate its mean vector μ and covariance matrix ∑, suppose that its proper vector is x, and to every people's face to be identified, calculate the mahalanobis distance between it and all kinds of eigenmatrix γ = ( x - μ ) T Σ - 1 ( x - μ ) , Select the minimum value in these distances, can judge the affiliated classification of this people's face;
(5) the final identification of people's face is finished in the conventional algebraic characteristic recognition methods of combination.
2, according to claim 1 based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass, it is characterized in that with three-dimensional camera shooting system picked-up facial image be the shooting of people's face being carried out multi-angle, wherein the video camera of Z direction takes the face-image and the front outline of object human body, and the camera system of X and Y direction takes dynamic side profile and top profile respectively.
3, according to claim 1 based on others face classifying identification method of multiclass, it is characterized in that at the sorting criterion that people's face is carried out the branch time-like: divide time-like will make everyone the face sample in each classification have maximum similarity as far as possible; Then should have maximum otherness between the classification; Difference between people's face sample is mainly analyzed from geometric properties.
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CN1315092C (en) * 2005-02-04 2007-05-09 浙江大学 Three dimension face identifying method based on polar spectrum image
CN100426314C (en) * 2005-08-02 2008-10-15 中国科学院计算技术研究所 Feature classification based multiple classifiers combined people face recognition method
WO2009109127A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-11 The Chinese University Of Hong Kong Real-time body segmentation system
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CN101790064A (en) * 2010-02-23 2010-07-28 公安部第三研究所 Hard disk video equipment with video structural description function and method thereof
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CN105868716A (en) * 2016-03-29 2016-08-17 中国科学院上海高等研究院 Method for human face recognition based on face geometrical features
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CN1315092C (en) * 2005-02-04 2007-05-09 浙江大学 Three dimension face identifying method based on polar spectrum image
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