CN101055077B - Crude and fine coal powder separation and burn method and device - Google Patents
Crude and fine coal powder separation and burn method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101055077B CN101055077B CN2007100522020A CN200710052202A CN101055077B CN 101055077 B CN101055077 B CN 101055077B CN 2007100522020 A CN2007100522020 A CN 2007100522020A CN 200710052202 A CN200710052202 A CN 200710052202A CN 101055077 B CN101055077 B CN 101055077B
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Abstract
A coal powder thickness separation burning method and a device thereof belong to coal powder burning technology field and are adapted to coal powder burning boiler. The method includes: (1) separating step, separating the conventional coal powder to fine coal powder and thick coal powder; (2) flow lead burning step, setting the thick coal powder to the middle part of the burning jet flow, leading the fine coal powder to the external of the thick coal powder air flow to burn, forming a stable fire source around the thick coal powder air flow to strength the fire and stable burning for the thick coal powder air flow. The device of the invention is mounted with a cyclone separation apparatus on the front part of the main burner, the outlet of the cyclone separation apparatus is disposed with a double layer circular bushing, the inner pipe of the double layer circular bushing is connected to a hypo-wind circular tube outside of the main burner by a connection device, the outer pipe of the double layer circular bushing is connected to a hypo-wind circular tube in the main burner by a connection device. The invention has good fire characteristic, strong stable fire ability, high coal burnt rate, low NOx exhaust amount, strong adaptability for load and coal kinds and realizes high efficiency low-pollution combustion for coal powder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal powder burning technology field, particularly coal powder thickness segregated combustion method and device thereof are applicable to pulverized coal firing boiler.
Background technology
China is to be the big country of main energy sources with the coal, and coal accounts for more than 70% of primary energy, and this energy resource structure based on coal can not change in quite long from now on period, has also determined the general layout of Chinese power generation energy resource based on coal.Along with generating set day by day to the development of big capacity, power industry has proposed more and more higher requirement to coal dust firing, summarizes to get up to be: high burning efficiency, steady combustion, anti-slagging scorification, low pollute and good coal adaptability and quick load changes adaptability.The burning of coal dust is based on heterogeneous reaction, and its reaction speed is mainly by the decisions such as diffusion, absorption and surface reaction to coal grain surface of the programming rate of pulverized coal particle, oxygen, and is directly proportional with the surface area of coal grain; Increase coal powder density, just equal to increase the surface area of coal dust in the unit volume, thereby increased the chemical reaction velocity of burning.Therefore, improve coal powder density and can accelerate chemical reaction velocity significantly.A large amount of theory analysises and experimental study are all verified: when coal powder density improves, and the formed NO of coal dust firing
xReduce, the ignition heat of breeze airflow reduces, and ignition temperature reduces, and shorten ignition time, and ignition point improves coal powder density in advance no matter for improving flame holding still to reducing NO
xDischarging all has good effect.
The pulverized coal bias combustion technology is proposed by the U.S., Japan and other countries at first and uses, and has obtained development and application widely energetically after the introducing China.Bambusa textile green grass or young crops " application of Pulverized Coal Concentration combustion technology and pros and cons analysis thereof " (boiler technology, the 34th the 6th phase of volume, PP:39-42) literary composition is pointed out, foreign technology is many from reducing NO
xDischarging is set about, and domestic technique mainly from steady combustion, comprise that the steady combustion of low-load combustion-stabilizing and colm sets about.The shade type burner has been brought into play very big effect the application of China nearly ten years, but still has following problems:
(1) shade burner is limited to the peak modulation capacity of anthracite, meager coal
The best coal powder density of different coals is different, and is not concentrated more good more, simultaneously when full load operation and underrun, also is different to the concentration requirement of coal dust.Furnace temperature is higher during the full load operation, but many coals need not to concentrate just smooth combustion; Underload requires Pulverized Coal Concentration, if shade burner to coal powder density design be nonadjustable or actual motion in modulability poor, just can not adapt to the needs of different coals and different load well.It is limited in one's ability only to adopt dense-dilute burner combustion technology to solve anthracitic underrun, and along with the reduction of volatile matter content, its ignition temperature also descends with the amplitude that change in concentration reduces.The ignition temperature of anthracite own is just high, and furnace temperature is lower during underrun, although this moment, coal dust was concentrated to optimum value, because of the reduction amplitude of its ignition temperature little, so can not play steady combustion effect because of furnace temperature still reaches ignition condition.So some shade burners have only about 70% the lower bound of anthracite peak regulation.
(2) coal dust concentrates contradiction between mixing with its later stage
From catching fire and reducing the discharging of NOx, wish that gas-powder separates, improve coal powder density, reduce ignition temperature and ignition heat.But any combustion process always wishes that fuel mixes even more well more with air.Therefore primary wind and powder is divided into deep or light two strands after entering burner hearth, does not mix measure, certainly will cause unburned carbon in flue dust to increase, reduce boiler efficiency if in stove, do not strengthen the later stage, especially more obvious to low-volatite coal.Really, because the coal powder ignition after concentrating in advance, the after-flame that helps coal dust, thereby can partly compensate for owing to the later stage of causing after the deep or light separation is mixed the bad decline that causes boiler efficiency, it is little that this reaches the lower high-volatile bituminous coal of fixed carbon content, soft coal and brown coal possibility problem well to reactivity, even unburned carbon in flue dust is descended, but concerning low volatilization coal, contradiction will loom large.
(3) high temperature corrosion of the dense side water wall tube of large-sized boiler
Dense side anoxic forms reducing atmosphere, contains unburnt gas such as CO in the flue gas.If it is improper to organize, cause the water-cooling wall zone also to form the reproducibility atmosphere; Sulphur content in the coal generates H under reducing atmosphere
2S gas causes the H of water-cooling wall
2The S high temperature corrosion.CO content increases in the reducing atmosphere, H
2S content is also with proportional increase.H
2S can directly react with metallic iron and generate FeS.FeS and metal reaction can generate low-melting eutectic again then.In addition, H
2S also can see through loose Fe
2O
3Layer and fine and close magnetic oxide (Fe
2O
3FeO) FeO in the layer reacts and generates FeS, and formed FeS eremacausis becomes dark-coloured magnetic Fe 3O4, so in the external corrosion product of water-cooling wall FeS, Fe is arranged
3O
4, and this one deck FeS, Fe
3O
4Itself is cellular, does not shield, and corrosion is constantly gone on.Corrosion rate and H
2S concentration is directly proportional, and with the tube wall temperature exponent function relation, below 300 ℃, corrosion rate is very little, and along with the increase of tube wall temperature, the corrosion rate increase of tube wall is very fast.Therefore the high temperature corrosion of tube wall all occurs in the large-sized boiler of high temperature, high pressure, and little to the medium small boiler influence.
(4) reducing atmosphere of dense side causes the burner hearth slagging scorification
The principal element that influences the ash erosion degree has coal characteristic, flame temperature, breeze airflow to wash away degree and near the temperature operating mode the water-cooling wall and the medium atmosphere etc. of water-cooling wall.The necessary condition of ash erosion is that soot particle or unburnt carbon are in the fusing tacky state.A kind of fusion temperature of coal ash is not a constant, but relevant with the atmosphere around the coal grain.In reducing atmosphere, the higher Fe of fusing point in the ash
2O
3Be reduced into the lower FeO of fusing point by CO, and FeO and SiO
2Form the lower eutectic of fusing point Deng further, ash fusion point is descended 50～100 ℃.Shade type burner, coal dust are divided into deep or light two strands and enter burner hearth, and dense side coal dust forms reducing atmosphere easily near primary air nozzle, and the possibility of slagging scorification increases.
Generally speaking, deep or light isolation technics is to adopt the inertial separation principle mostly, and the coal dust of dense side generally is by enrichment because its particle is big, inertia is big.Therefore, dense side coal dust has bigger particle diameter and distributes, and this may be the reason that weakens deep or light isolation technics smooth combustion: thicker particle is because thermal inertia is bigger, and it is slower to heat up, and causes volatile matter to discharge and burn rate decline.
The microfine technology has been used as a kind of emerging pulverized coal combustion and has been in the developmental research.In China present scientific and technical literature and engineering practice activity, people get used to superfine powder is called " ultra-fine " powder as the powder up to sub-micron below the 10 μ m.Aspect the generating plant pulverized coal boiler burning, superfine powdered coal is defined as coal dust below the 20 μ m.Jiang Xiumin etc. are at " the pulverized coal particle granularity is analyzed combustion characteristics influence heat " (Proceedings of the CSEE, the 22nd volume, the 12nd phase, PP142-145) literary composition shows, the superfine powdered coal combustion technology is exactly to start with from the physics and the chemical characteristic that change coal dust self, reaches the purpose of improving process of coal combustion.After ultra-fineization of coal dust, its physical arrangement and combustion characteristics improve, its efficiency of combustion, and combustion stability further improves, NO
XGas generating amount will be much smaller than conventional pulverized-coal, and superfine powdered coal is that power plant's comprehensive economy index of fuel also is higher than the coal-burning power plant that conventional pulverized-coal is a fuel.The superfine powdered coal combustion system compare with the conventional pulverized-coal combustion system have that steady combustion is effective, the high and low NOX of efficiency of combustion pollutes and the comprehensive economy advantages of higher.Although the superfine powdered coal combustion technology has lot of advantages, the cost of superfine powdered coal preparation is higher, also lacks a kind of effective preparation method at present, uses and is subjected to great restriction.
Along with developing rapidly of power industry, thermal power station's coal consumption amount significantly increases, and makes the raw coal supply be subjected to very big impact, and it is in short supply nationwide electric coal market to have occurred, and thermal power plant's fuel is in rather short supply, and this situation is difficult in the short time improve.Simultaneously, the long-term energy policy of China requires the large-sized station boiler burning inferior coal of trying one's best.Therefore, many station boilers have to use non-design coal, and are multiple different regions, the non-design coal that the combustion characteristics diversity ratio is bigger, and coal-fired quality is also worse and worse.This has brought a series of problems to boiler operatiopn: unstable combustion even fire extinguishing, unburned carbon in flue dust raise, and efficiency of combustion reduces, gross coal consumption rate increases, and the steam temperature characteristic is difficult to control, and the boiler booster is frequent, and the serious slagging scorification of boiler etc. influences the safety and economic operation of boiler.Above-mentioned the analysis showed that, dense-dilute burner combustion technology is widely used, and has also obtained certain effect, but also has some problems, therefore still needs badly and carries out the relative combustion technical research.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of coal powder thickness segregated combustion method, purpose is to overcome existing drawback of deep or light segregated combustion technology and superfine powdered coal preparation cost problem of higher, realizes high burning efficiency, surely combustion, anti-slagging scorification, the low pollution and good coal adaptability and quick load variation adaptability; Simultaneously, provide the device of realizing coal powder thickness segregated combustion method.
A kind of coal powder thickness segregated combustion method of the present invention comprises: (1) separating step is fine breeze air-flow and rough coal powder air-flow two parts with the conventional pulverized-coal flow separation; (2) drainage combustion step, the middle part that rough coal powder air-flow is in the burning jet catches fire outside the priority area, increases its time of staying in the combustion chamber; The fine breeze air-flow is guided to the rough coal powder air-flow outside priority area that catches fire carry out, around rough coal powder air-flow, form the stable ignition thermal source, to strengthen catching fire and steady combustion of rough coal powder air-flow around burning.
The device of realization coal powder thickness segregated combustion method of the present invention, comprise main burner, be with an interior wind pipe in the outer wind pipe of main burner, has blade between an outer wind pipe of main burner and the interior wind pipe, described blade uses central shaft to be fixed on an interior wind pipe and the outer wind tube wall of main burner, and is axially adjustable; Outside main burner, outside a wind tube wall motorized adjustment device is housed, it is connected with axial adjustable vane with power transmission shaft; It is characterized in that the main burner front portion is equipped with cyclone separator, the cyclone separator outlet is the double-layer circular sleeve pipe, the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe connects the outer wind pipe of main burner by the fine breeze airflow pipeline of jockey, and the outer tube of double-layer circular sleeve pipe connects wind pipe in the main burner by the rough coal powder airflow pipeline of jockey.
The device of described realization coal powder thickness segregated combustion method, it is characterized in that described jockey is made of rough coal powder airflow pipeline and fine breeze airflow pipeline, embed rough coal powder airflow pipeline in jockey porch fine breeze airflow pipeline, become the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe; Embed the fine breeze airflow pipeline in jockey exit rough coal powder airflow pipeline, become the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe.
During device work of the present invention, cyclone separator utilizes the centrifugation principle, wind breeze airflow is divided into two parts of fine breeze air-flow and rough coal powder air-flow, in rough coal powder air communication is crossed and can be regulated in the outer eddy flow main burner of direct current a wind pipe send into burner hearth; The fine breeze air communication is crossed the outer wind pipe of main burner and is sent into burner hearth.
The present invention obtains fine breeze air-flow and rough coal powder air-flow two parts with the conventional pulverized-coal flow separation, the fine breeze air-flow is guided to rough coal powder air-flow outside carry out around burning, utilizes fine breeze to catch fire rapidly, surely fire effective, the high and low NO of efficiency of combustion
XPollute and the high advantage of comprehensive economy, can around rough coal powder air-flow, form the stable thermal source that catches fire, strengthen catching fire and steady combustion of rough coal powder air-flow.The rough coal powder is in the middle part of burning jet, and its momentum decay is slower, is easy to form long stroke in the combustion chamber, increases its time of staying, is beneficial to its after-flame.That is: fine breeze is placed the priority area that catches fire, reinforcement is caught fire; The rough coal powder that ignition speed is slower places outside the priority area that catches fire, and by increasing its time of staying in the combustion chamber, under the support that fine breeze has caught fire, realizes after-flame.Reach the purpose of so steady and after-flame like this, simultaneously.
The particularity of fine breeze burning of the present invention has been strengthened the denitrification of reducing atmosphere in the combustion process, has effectively suppressed the generation of NOx, and its discharge capacity is significantly reduced.
As mentioned above, fire behaviour of the present invention is good, and the ability of surely firing is strong, coal dust burn-off rate height, and the NOx discharge capacity is low, and load and coal adaptability are strong, have realized the high-efficient low polluting combustion of coal dust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. coal powder thickness segregated combustion apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2. the outer eddy flow main burner structural representation of the interior direct current among the present invention;
Fig. 3. the cyclone separator structural representation among the present invention;
Fig. 4. the jockey structural representation among the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1,2,3 and Fig. 4 in be labeled as: the outer wind pipe 1 of main burner, an interior wind pipe 2, motorized adjustment device 3, blade 4, fine breeze air-flow 5, rough coal powder air-flow 6, conventional wind breeze airflow 7, rough coal powder air-flow is carried connecting pipe 8, and the fine breeze air-flow is carried connecting pipe 9.
Device of the present invention has blade 4 between an outer wind pipe 1 of main burner and the interior wind pipe 2, and is axially adjustable; Outside main burner, outside a wind tube wall motorized adjustment device 3 is housed, it is connected with axial adjustable vane 4 with power transmission shaft; Cyclone separator is equipped with in the main burner front portion, the cyclone separator outlet is the double-layer circular sleeve pipe, the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe connects the outer wind pipe 1 of main burner by the fine breeze airflow pipeline 9 of jockey, and the outer tube of double-layer circular sleeve pipe connects wind pipe 2 in the main burner by the rough coal powder airflow pipeline 8 of jockey.
Shown in Fig. 2,3,4, for a W type flame boiler by the 300MW of Dongfang Boiler Factory production, matching used cyclone separator, the outer eddy flow main burner of interior direct current and jockey specific design are as follows.
1, outer wind pipe 1 diameter D2=0.386m of main burner, an interior wind pipe 2 diameter D1=0.273m, inner and outer pipes thickness of pipe wall 0.014m; Outside main burner, in a wind pipe 10 (for anthracite) or 14 (for soft coal) blades 4, axially adjustable are installed, the blade bottom is a rectangle, top is circular arc, length is 0.150m, highly be 0.042m, using central shaft to be fixed on the inner and outer pipes tube wall, is 0.200m from mouth of pipe distance, and sharf is the 0-70 degree to adjustable-angle Ф scope; On a wind pipe wall stepper motor 3 is installed outside main burner, with power transmission shaft it is connected with axial adjustable vane, this adjusting device can be carried out the central station of floating dock Long-distance Control, also can control on the spot;
2, cyclone separator cylinder diameter D3=0.813m, a general mood inflow entrance of conventional pulverized-coal width D 4=0.416m, outlet outer tube caliber D6=0.390m, outlet inner tube diameter D5=0.280m, inner and outer pipes thickness of pipe wall 0.014m;
3, jockey rough coal powder air-flow conveying connecting pipe 8 diameters are 0.390m, and it is 0.386m that the fine breeze air-flow is carried connecting pipe 9 diameters;
During work, adopt cyclone separator, according to the centrifugation principle, thick pulverized coal particle is because inertia force more greatly will near enrichment whirlwind tube barrel, and thin pulverized coal particle will utilize the outlet of double-layer circular sleeve pipe just a wind breeze airflow 7 can be divided into the derivation of fine breeze air-flow 5 and rough coal powder air-flow 6 two parts in the central area enrichment of whirlwind tube because inertia force is less; Fine breeze air-flow 5 is sent in the stove by an outer wind pipe of the fine breeze airflow pipeline 9 connection main burners of jockey, rough coal powder air-flow 6 is sent in the stove by an interior airduct of the rough coal powder airflow pipeline 8 connection main burners of jockey.Fine breeze has been strengthened the combustion process of coal dust, causes catching fire raising with temperature in advance, and the burn-off rate of fine breeze is improved; The burning of fine breeze is for strengthening the rough coal powder and catch fire and steady combustion providing stable thermal source, improved that the rough coal powder catches fire and steady combustion characteristic, strengthened rough coal powder combustion process, and the burn-off rate of rough coal powder is improved.Further, the difficult breeze airflow that catches fire is sent into burner hearth by wind pipe in the outer eddy flow main burner of direct current in can regulating for the burning of mixed coal; The breeze airflow that is easier to catch fire is then sent into burner hearth by the outer wind pipe of main burner, and it catches fire can be rapidly, and flameholding can form the stable thermal source that catches fire around the difficult breeze airflow that catches fire of interior direct current, strengthen catching fire and steady combustion of breeze airflow.
Claims (3)
1. coal powder thickness segregated combustion method, comprising: (1) separating step is fine breeze air-flow and rough coal powder air-flow two parts with the conventional pulverized-coal flow separation; (2) drainage combustion step, with rough coal powder air-flow be in the burning jet the middle part, increase its time of staying in the combustion chamber; The fine breeze air-flow is guided to the rough coal powder air-flow outside priority area that catches fire carry out, around rough coal powder air-flow, form the stable ignition thermal source, to strengthen catching fire and steady combustion of rough coal powder air-flow around burning.
2. realize the device of the described coal powder thickness segregated combustion of claim 1 method, comprise main burner, be with an interior wind pipe in the outer wind pipe of main burner, has blade between an outer wind pipe of main burner and the interior wind pipe, described blade uses central shaft to be fixed on an interior wind pipe and the outer wind tube wall of main burner, and is axially adjustable; Outside main burner, outside a wind tube wall motorized adjustment device is housed, it is connected with axial adjustable vane with power transmission shaft; It is characterized in that the main burner front portion is equipped with cyclone separator, the cyclone separator outlet is the double-layer circular sleeve pipe, the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe connects the outer wind pipe of main burner by the fine breeze airflow pipeline of jockey, and the outer tube of double-layer circular sleeve pipe connects wind pipe in the main burner by the rough coal powder airflow pipeline of jockey.
3. the device of realization coal powder thickness segregated combustion method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described jockey is made of rough coal powder airflow pipeline and fine breeze airflow pipeline, embed rough coal powder airflow pipeline in jockey porch fine breeze airflow pipeline, become the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe; Embed the fine breeze airflow pipeline in jockey exit rough coal powder airflow pipeline, become the interior pipe of double-layer circular sleeve pipe.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100522020A CN101055077B (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Crude and fine coal powder separation and burn method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100522020A CN101055077B (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Crude and fine coal powder separation and burn method and device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101055077A CN101055077A (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| CN101055077B true CN101055077B (en) | 2010-04-07 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102796538B (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2016-06-29 | 苏小平 | The equipment of material leading type separation coal dust |
| CN102913936B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for improving pulverized coal combustion performance and reducing NOx generation under O2/CO2 atmosphere |
| CN104406188A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-11 | 中节环（北京）环境科技股份有限公司 | Device for respectively conveying pulverized coal particles in different sizes |
| CN106556007B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-09-14 | 重庆大学 | A method of using the separation of deep or light thickness depth and Controllable-vortex stable combustion technology burning coal gasification semicoke particle |
| CN111261237B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2023-03-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Method for calculating burn-out rate of single coal type one-dimensional flame furnace |
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| CN1240902A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-01-12 | 张大力 | Method for improving combustion of industrial boiler |
| US6270026B1 (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 2001-08-07 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Strain relief main shaft assembly |
| CN1597047A (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2005-03-23 | 吴植仁 | Spiral path gas solid separator |
| CN1308618C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-04-04 | 华中科技大学 | Main burner equipment with adjustable outer rotational flow and inner direct flow |
-
2007
- 2007-05-18 CN CN2007100522020A patent/CN101055077B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6270026B1 (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 2001-08-07 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Strain relief main shaft assembly |
| CN1240902A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-01-12 | 张大力 | Method for improving combustion of industrial boiler |
| CN1597047A (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2005-03-23 | 吴植仁 | Spiral path gas solid separator |
| CN1308618C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-04-04 | 华中科技大学 | Main burner equipment with adjustable outer rotational flow and inner direct flow |
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