CN101051166A - Method for reducing full light switch pump power, full light switch and its preparing method - Google Patents
Method for reducing full light switch pump power, full light switch and its preparing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101051166A CN101051166A CN 200710099383 CN200710099383A CN101051166A CN 101051166 A CN101051166 A CN 101051166A CN 200710099383 CN200710099383 CN 200710099383 CN 200710099383 A CN200710099383 A CN 200710099383A CN 101051166 A CN101051166 A CN 101051166A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- organic
- photonic crystal
- optical switch
- laser
- dimensional photonic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000990 laser dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005374 Kerr effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000015 polydiacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEBWQGVWTUSTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmercury acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Hg]C1=CC=CC=C1 XEBWQGVWTUSTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005182 potential energy surface Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种降低全光开关泵浦功率的方法,属全光开关技术领域。该方法包括:有机共轭聚合物材料加入激光染料制得复合材料,利用该复合材料制备二维光子晶体;将探测激光耦合到上述二维光子晶体中,所述探测激光的波长位于上述二维光子晶体的光子带隙的边缘;用泵浦激光激发上述二维光子晶体实现全光开关,所述泵浦激光的波长位于上述二维光子晶体的光学染料的线性吸收带。本发明可以将泵浦功率降至几百KW/cm2到MW/cm2。本发明还提供一种全光开关及其制备方法,全光开关为一二维光子晶体,该二维光子晶体为一刻蚀有正方晶格周期性空气孔的有机物薄膜,所述有机物薄膜为有机共轭聚合物加入激光染料。
The invention provides a method for reducing the pumping power of an all-optical switch, which belongs to the technical field of all-optical switches. The method comprises: adding a laser dye to an organic conjugated polymer material to prepare a composite material, using the composite material to prepare a two-dimensional photonic crystal; coupling a detection laser to the above-mentioned two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the wavelength of the detection laser is located in the above-mentioned two-dimensional The edge of the photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal; the pump laser is used to excite the above-mentioned two-dimensional photonic crystal to realize the all-optical switch, and the wavelength of the pump laser is located in the linear absorption band of the optical dye of the above-mentioned two-dimensional photonic crystal. The invention can reduce the pumping power to hundreds of KW/cm 2 to MW/cm 2 . The present invention also provides an all-optical switch and a preparation method thereof. The all-optical switch is a two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the two-dimensional photonic crystal is an organic thin film etched with square lattice periodic air holes. Conjugated polymers are added with laser dyes.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于全光开关技术领域,尤其是提供一种低泵浦功率、超快速响应的二维有机光子晶体全光开关。The invention belongs to the technical field of all-optical switches, and in particular provides a two-dimensional organic photonic crystal all-optical switch with low pumping power and ultra-fast response.
背景技术Background technique
光子晶体是由两种或者两种以上的具有不同介电函数的材料在空间周期性排列而形成的一种人工设计的新型光子学材料,具有独特的控制光子传输状态的特性,在光通讯、光计算和超快速信息处理等领域都具有非常重要的应用。Photonic crystal is a new type of artificially designed photonic material formed by two or more materials with different dielectric functions arranged periodically in space. It has unique characteristics of controlling photon transmission state. It is used in optical communication, Optical computing and ultra-fast information processing and other fields have very important applications.
光子带隙来源于空间周期性介电函数对入射光波的调制作用,波长(或者频率)落入光子带隙内的光将被全部反射回去而不能透过光子晶体。在物理机理上,周期性介电结构强散射的光波之间的干涉效应产生了光子传输的禁带。因此,介电常数对比越大,入射光将被散射得越强烈,光子带隙效应越明显;空间结构周期性越好,干涉效应越强烈,光子带隙效应也越明显(文献1,J.D.Joannopoulos,R.D.Meade,and J.N.Winn,Photonic crystals:Molding the Flow of Light,Princeton University press,Princeton,1995)。The photonic bandgap comes from the modulation of the spatially periodic dielectric function on the incident light wave, and the light whose wavelength (or frequency) falls within the photonic bandgap will be completely reflected back and cannot pass through the photonic crystal. In terms of physical mechanism, the interference effect between light waves strongly scattered by periodic dielectric structures creates a forbidden band for photon transmission. Therefore, the greater the dielectric constant contrast, the stronger the incident light will be scattered, and the more obvious the photonic bandgap effect; the better the periodicity of the spatial structure, the stronger the interference effect, and the more obvious the photonic bandgap effect (Document 1, J.D.Joannopoulos , R.D.Meade, and J.N.Winn, Photonic crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, Princeton University press, Princeton, 1995).
全光开关是以一束光来控制另一束光的传输状态,是一种非常重要的集成光子器件。快速的开关时间响应、高开关对比、低泵浦功率是光子晶体全光开关的重要指标。目前光子晶体全光开关的实验研究很多都是基于通常的半导体材料,通过fs激光泵浦光子晶体,激发半导体自由载流子改变材料的折射率,从而改变光子晶体有效折射率,光子带隙发生移动,实现飞秒亚皮秒超快响应光子晶体全光开关,但所需的泵浦光强度在GW/cm2的量级(文献2,M.Shimizu,T.Ishihara.Subpicosecond transmission change insemiconductor embedded photonic crystal slab:Toward ultrafastoptical switching.Appl.Phys.Lett.2002,80:2836-2838);文献3和4以聚苯乙烯作为非线性光学材料来制备二维光子晶体,利用光子带隙迁移和缺陷态移动实现了全光开关效应,但是,所需的泵浦光强大于15GW/cm2(文献3,X.Y.Hu,Y.H.Liu,J.Tian,B.Y.Cheng,and D.Z.Zhang.Ultrafastall-optical switching in two-dimensiona organic photonic crystal.Appl.Phys.Lett.,2005,86:121102;文献4,X.Y.Hu,Q.H.Gong,Y.H.Liu,B.Y.Cheng,and D.Z.Zhang.All-optical switching of defectmode in two-dimensional nonlinear organic photonic crystals.Appl.Phys.Lett.,2 005,87:231111)。文献5和文献6在半导体光子晶体中引入缺陷,利用缺陷态的移动实现光子晶体全光开关,通过设计光子晶体及缺陷的结构提高缺陷模式的品质因数,从而大大降低了实现全光开关所需的泵浦光强,利用几十KW/cm2的低泵浦光强实现了皮秒快响应光子晶体全光开关,但其透过率很低,只有百分之几的透过率,而且制备过程较为复杂,难以实现人工调控(文献5,F.Raineri,C.Cojocaru,P.Monnier,A.Levenson,R.Raj,C.Seassal,X.Letartre,and P.Viktorovitch,Ultrafastdynamics of the third-order nonlinear response in a two-dimensionalInP-based photonic crystal.Appl.Phys.Lett.,2004,85:1880-1882;文献6,T.Tanabe,Masaya Notomi,S.Mitsugi,A.Shinya,and E.Kuramochi,All-optical switches on a silicon chip realized using photonic crystalnanocavities.Appl.Phys.Lett.,2005,87:151112)。The all-optical switch controls the transmission state of another beam of light by one beam of light, and is a very important integrated photonic device. Fast switching time response, high switching contrast, and low pump power are important indicators of photonic crystal all-optical switches. At present, many experimental studies on photonic crystal all-optical switches are based on common semiconductor materials. The photonic crystal is pumped by fs laser to excite the semiconductor free carriers to change the refractive index of the material, thereby changing the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal, and the photonic band gap occurs. Move to realize femtosecond subpicosecond ultrafast response photonic crystal all-optical switch, but the required pump light intensity is in the order of GW/cm 2 (document 2, M.Shimizu, T.Ishihara.Subpicosecond transmission change insemiconductor embedded photonic crystal slab: Toward ultrafastoptical switching.Appl.Phys.Lett.2002, 80:2836-2838);
专利1(申请号200610072799.0)以聚苯乙烯作为非线性光学材料来构造二维有机光子晶体,利用聚苯乙烯的三阶非线性光学Kerr效应,在泵浦光作用下光子带隙发生移动而实现全光开关;专利2(申请号03100044.4)以铁电材料作为非线性光学材料来构造二维铁电光子晶体,利用铁电材料的三阶非线性光学Kerr效应,在泵浦光作用下光子带隙发生迁移来实现全光开关;专利3(申请号02160207.7)以半导体材料作为非线性光学材料来构造具有缺陷态的二维光子晶体,利用半导体材料的三阶非线性光学Kerr效应,在泵浦光作用下缺陷态发生移动而实现全光开关。这些专利提供的实现光子晶体全光开关的方法,都是利用通常地非线性光学材料来实现的,由于这些材料的非线性系数较小,需要GW/cm2量级的很高的泵浦光强。Patent 1 (Application No. 200610072799.0) uses polystyrene as a nonlinear optical material to construct a two-dimensional organic photonic crystal, and uses the third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect of polystyrene to move the photonic band gap under the action of pump light. All-optical switch; Patent 2 (Application No. 03100044.4) uses ferroelectric materials as nonlinear optical materials to construct two-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystals, using the third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect of ferroelectric materials, photon bands under the action of pump light gap migration to realize all-optical switch; patent 3 (application number 02160207.7) uses semiconductor materials as nonlinear optical materials to construct two-dimensional photonic crystals with defect states, and utilizes the third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect of semiconductor materials to pump The defect state moves under the action of light to realize the all-optical switch. The methods for realizing photonic crystal all-optical switches provided by these patents are realized by the use of common nonlinear optical materials. Due to the small nonlinear coefficient of these materials, very high pump light on the order of GW/ cm2 is required. powerful.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的提供一种低泵浦功率、超快速响应的二维有机光子晶体全光开关。The object of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional organic photonic crystal all-optical switch with low pump power and ultra-fast response.
本发明的上述目的是通过如下的技术方案予以实现的:Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme:
一种降低全光开关泵浦功率的方法,其步骤包括:A method for reducing the pumping power of an all-optical switch, the steps comprising:
(1)将有机共轭聚合物掺杂激光染料制备复合材料,用该复合材料制备二维光子晶体;(1) Prepare a composite material by doping an organic conjugated polymer with a laser dye, and use the composite material to prepare a two-dimensional photonic crystal;
(2)将探测激光耦合到上述二维光子晶体中,所述探测激光的波长位于上述二维光子晶体的光子带隙的边缘;(2) coupling the detection laser light into the above-mentioned two-dimensional photonic crystal, the wavelength of the detection laser light is located at the edge of the photonic band gap of the above-mentioned two-dimensional photonic crystal;
(3)用泵浦激光激发上述二维光子晶体实现全光开关,所述泵浦激光的波长位于上述二维光子晶体的激光染料的线性吸收带。(3) Exciting the two-dimensional photonic crystal with a pump laser to realize the all-optical switch, the wavelength of the pump laser is located in the linear absorption band of the laser dye of the two-dimensional photonic crystal.
一种全光开关,为一二维光子晶体,其特征在于:该二维光子晶体为一刻蚀有正方晶格周期性空气孔的有机物薄膜,所述有机物薄膜为有机共轭聚合物掺杂激光染料。An all-optical switch, which is a two-dimensional photonic crystal, is characterized in that: the two-dimensional photonic crystal is an organic thin film etched with square lattice periodic air holes, and the organic thin film is an organic conjugated polymer doped with a laser dye.
所述二维光子晶体的晶格常数范围为200nm-1000nm。The lattice constant of the two-dimensional photonic crystal ranges from 200nm to 1000nm.
所述二维光子晶体的空气孔半径为50nm-500nm之间。The air hole radius of the two-dimensional photonic crystal is between 50nm and 500nm.
所述的激光染料为:菁类染料、香豆素类染料、噁嗪类染料或闪烁材料。The laser dyes are: cyanine dyes, coumarin dyes, oxazine dyes or scintillation materials.
所述的有机共轭聚合物为:由含有不饱和共价π键的链状分子构成的有机共轭聚合物、由不饱和共价π键与饱和共价σ键交替键合成大共轭环状分子构成的有机共轭聚合物或由富勒烯分子构成的有机共轭聚合物。The organic conjugated polymer is: an organic conjugated polymer composed of chain molecules containing unsaturated covalent π bonds, and a large conjugated ring formed by alternately bonding unsaturated covalent π bonds and saturated covalent σ bonds Organic conjugated polymers composed of fullerene molecules or organic conjugated polymers composed of fullerene molecules.
所述有机物薄膜的厚度范围为250nm-500nm。The thickness range of the organic thin film is 250nm-500nm.
一种全光开关的制备方法,包括:A method for preparing an all-optical switch, comprising:
(1)在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料得到复合有机聚合物,用有机溶剂将该复合有机聚合物配制成溶液;(1) adding a laser dye to an organic conjugated polymer to obtain a composite organic polymer, and preparing the composite organic polymer into a solution with an organic solvent;
(2)将所述有机聚合物溶液制备有机物薄膜;(2) preparing an organic film from the organic polymer solution;
(3)在有机物薄膜上刻蚀有正方晶格周期性空气孔,形成二维光子晶体。(3) Periodic air holes in a square lattice are etched on the organic thin film to form a two-dimensional photonic crystal.
采用化学有机聚合方法,将一个激光染料分子通过化学键的键合连接到一个有机共轭聚合物分子上,实现在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料,得到复合有机聚合物,用有机溶剂将所述复合有机聚合物配制成溶液,复合有机聚合物的浓度范围为1%~30%。Using the chemical organic polymerization method, a laser dye molecule is connected to an organic conjugated polymer molecule through a chemical bond, and the laser dye is added to the organic conjugated polymer to obtain a composite organic polymer, which is mixed with an organic solvent. The composite organic polymer is prepared into a solution, and the concentration range of the composite organic polymer is 1% to 30%.
采用物理有机聚合方法,利用有机溶剂将有机共轭聚合物和激光染料分别配成溶液,将有机共轭聚合物溶液和激光染料溶液进行混合,实现在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料。其中,用有机溶剂将有机共轭聚合物配制成溶液,有机共轭聚合物的浓度范围为1%~20%;用有机溶剂将激光染料配制成溶液,激光染料的浓度范围为10%~30%。The method of physical organic polymerization is adopted, and the organic conjugated polymer and the laser dye are respectively prepared into solutions by using an organic solvent, and the organic conjugated polymer solution and the laser dye solution are mixed to realize adding the laser dye to the organic conjugated polymer. Among them, the organic conjugated polymer is prepared into a solution with an organic solvent, and the concentration of the organic conjugated polymer is in the range of 1% to 20%; the laser dye is prepared in a solution with an organic solvent, and the concentration of the laser dye is in the range of 10% to 30%. %.
有机溶剂是非极性的有机溶剂,如甲苯、乙醇、苯、乙醚、四氢呋喃等。Organic solvents are non-polar organic solvents, such as toluene, ethanol, benzene, ether, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
本发明原理Principle of the invention
1.三阶非线性光学Kerr效应1. Third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect
根据三阶非线性光学Kerr效应,非线性光学材料受到泵浦激光的激发作用,其折射率n将发生变化,According to the third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the nonlinear optical material is excited by the pump laser, and its refractive index n will change.
其中,n0为材料的线性折射率,c为真空中的光速,x(3)为材料的三阶非线性极化率,Rex(3)代表取三阶非线性极化率x(3)的实部的值,I为泵浦光强,π为常数3.14(文献7,钱士雄,王恭明编著,非线性光学——原理与进展,上海:复旦大学出版社,2001年版)。Among them, n 0 is the linear refractive index of the material, c is the speed of light in vacuum, x (3) is the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the material, Re x (3) represents the third-order nonlinear susceptibility x ( 3) The value of the real part of , I is the pump light intensity, and π is the constant 3.14 (Document 7, edited by Qian Shixiong and Wang Gongming, Nonlinear Optics—Principles and Progress, Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2001 edition).
2.光子带隙迁移机理2. Mechanism of photonic bandgap migration
光子带隙迁移机理利用了材料的三阶非线性光学Kerr效应。选择探测光位于光子带隙的边缘,开始时探测光不能通过光子晶体。根据三阶非线性光学Kerr效应,材料的折射率与泵浦光强成正比关系。如果非线性材料具有正的三阶非线性极化率,在泵浦光的作用下,材料的折射率将增加,这使得光子晶体的有效折射率增大,光子带隙向长波方向移动。如果非线性材料具有负的三阶非线性极化率,在泵浦光的作用下,材料的折射率将减小,这使得光子晶体的有效折射率变小,光子带隙向短波方向移动。此时,探测光位于导带,能够通过光子晶体。这样,通过泵浦光的激发作用,使光子带隙发生迁移,从而实现对探测光的开、关控制作用(文献8,Scalora M,Dowling JP,Bowden C M and Bloemer M J.Optical limiting and switching ofultrashort pulses in nonlinear photonic band gap materials.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1994,73:1368-1371)。The photonic bandgap transfer mechanism utilizes the third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect of the material. The probe light is selected to be located at the edge of the photonic band gap, and the probe light cannot pass through the photonic crystal at the beginning. According to the third-order nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the refractive index of the material is proportional to the pump light intensity. If the nonlinear material has a positive third-order nonlinear susceptibility, the refractive index of the material will increase under the action of pump light, which will increase the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal and move the photonic band gap to the long-wave direction. If the nonlinear material has a negative third-order nonlinear susceptibility, the refractive index of the material will decrease under the action of pump light, which makes the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal smaller, and the photonic band gap moves to the short-wave direction. At this time, the probe light is located in the conduction band and can pass through the photonic crystal. In this way, the photonic band gap is shifted through the excitation of the pump light, thereby realizing the on-off control of the probe light (document 8, Scalora M, Dowling JP, Bowden C M and Bloemer M J. Optical limiting and switching of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear photonic band gap materials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, 73: 1368-1371).
3.消逝波耦合方法3. Evanescent wave coupling method
利用消逝波耦合方法将入射光耦合到光子晶体中。这是在集成光学领域常用的一个入射光与薄膜波导的能量耦合方法,只要调节入射光在棱镜底部的入射角大于全反射角,就能把入射光耦合到光子晶体中。用夹具将棱镜压在有机聚合物波导上面,两者之间仅留一很窄的空气隙s,这就构成了一个消逝波耦合系统(文献9,佘守宪编著.导波光学物理基础.北方交通大学出版社.2002年版)。图中np、n1、n2和n3分别表示棱镜、薄膜波导、衬底和空气隙的折射率,并且np>n1>n2>n3;h表示薄膜波导的厚度;s为空气隙厚度;θp为激光束在棱镜底部的入射角;θ1为导模锯齿形光线在薄膜上、下界面的入射角;W是入射光束的宽度。当棱镜与波导相互靠近,使其间隙变得很小时,使得空气隙中棱镜模的消逝场的尾部和导波模的消逝场的尾部相互重叠,从而构成了一个折射率分布发生畸变的泄漏波导系统,导致棱镜模式与导波模式之间的耦合,将能量从入射激光束耦合到导波模式中,从而实现了从入射光束到波导的输入耦合。同样,棱镜模式与导波模式之间通过消逝波场的耦合作用,也可以把波导中导波模式的能量耦合出波导,从而实现输出耦合。The incident light is coupled into the photonic crystal by using the evanescent wave coupling method. This is a commonly used energy coupling method between incident light and thin-film waveguide in the field of integrated optics. As long as the incident angle of the incident light at the bottom of the prism is adjusted to be greater than the total reflection angle, the incident light can be coupled into the photonic crystal. Use a clamp to press the prism on the organic polymer waveguide, leaving only a very narrow air gap s between the two, which constitutes an evanescent wave coupling system (Document 9, edited by She Shouxian. Fundamentals of Guided Wave Optics and Physics. North Traffic University Press. 2002 edition). n p , n 1 , n 2 and n 3 in the figure represent the refractive index of prism, thin film waveguide, substrate and air gap respectively, and n p >n 1 >n 2 >n 3 ; h represents the thickness of thin film waveguide; s is the thickness of the air gap; θ p is the incident angle of the laser beam at the bottom of the prism; θ 1 is the incident angle of the zigzag light of the guided mode on the upper and lower interfaces of the film; W is the width of the incident beam. When the prism and the waveguide are close to each other, the gap becomes very small, so that the tails of the evanescent field of the prism mode in the air gap and the tails of the evanescent field of the guided wave mode overlap each other, thus forming a leaky waveguide with a distorted refractive index distribution system, leading to the coupling between the prism mode and the waveguide mode, coupling energy from the incident laser beam into the waveguide mode, thereby realizing the incoupling from the incident beam to the waveguide. Similarly, through the coupling effect of the evanescent wave field between the prism mode and the guided wave mode, the energy of the guided wave mode in the waveguide can also be coupled out of the waveguide, thereby realizing output coupling.
本发明的优点是:The advantages of the present invention are:
1.复合材料的三阶非线性系数比不搀杂的有机共轭聚合物材料大1~2个数量级,能有效降低实现开关效应所需的泵浦激光的激发功率,可以实现低泵浦功率的光子晶体全光开关,泵浦功率可以降至几百KW/cm2到MW/cm2。1. The third-order nonlinear coefficient of the composite material is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the undoped organic conjugated polymer material, which can effectively reduce the excitation power of the pump laser required to achieve the switching effect, and can achieve low pump power Photonic crystal all-optical switch, the pump power can be reduced to hundreds of KW/cm 2 to MW/cm 2 .
2.二维有机光子晶体全光开关的时间响应由复合材料的非线性时间响应特性决定,在皮秒~亚皮秒的量级。2. The time response of the two-dimensional organic photonic crystal all-optical switch is determined by the nonlinear time response characteristics of the composite material, in the order of picoseconds to sub-picoseconds.
3.二维有机光子晶体利用聚焦离子束刻蚀微加工技术制备,制备技术简单,且易集成。3. Two-dimensional organic photonic crystals are prepared by focused ion beam etching micromachining technology, which is simple in preparation technology and easy to integrate.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明全光开关与波导连接示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the all-optical switch and the waveguide of the present invention;
图2是本发明全光开关处于“开”状态的示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the all-optical switch of the present invention in the "on" state;
图3是本发明全光开关处于“关”状态的示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the all-optical switch of the present invention in the "off" state;
图4是本发明制备的二维光子晶体;Fig. 4 is the two-dimensional photonic crystal prepared by the present invention;
图5是本发明探测光子晶体光开关特性的装置的示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting photonic crystal optical switch characteristics of the present invention;
图6是本发明制备的光子晶体光子带隙的长波带边;Fig. 6 is the long-wave band edge of the photonic crystal photonic band gap prepared by the present invention;
图7是本发明制备的光子晶体光开关的时间相应曲线;Fig. 7 is the time response curve of the photonic crystal optical switch prepared by the present invention;
图8是本发明制备的光子晶体加入泵浦光后光子带隙的长波带边的移动,泵浦光能量(■)0.132nJ.(▲)0.197nJ.(●)0.395nJ.()0.527nJ.(★)0.592nJ.(◆)0.658nJ;Figure 8 shows the movement of the long-wave band edge of the photonic bandgap after adding pump light to the photonic crystal prepared by the present invention, the pump light energy (■)0.132nJ.(▲)0.197nJ.(●)0.395nJ.()0.527 nJ.(★)0.592nJ.(◆)0.658nJ;
图9是本发明制备的光子晶体光子带隙的长波带边的迁移量随泵浦光能量的变化曲线。Fig. 9 is a graph showing the variation curve of the migration amount of the long-wave band edge of the photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal prepared by the present invention as a function of pumping light energy.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一、二维光子晶体的制备:1. Preparation of two-dimensional photonic crystals:
1、激光染料的选用:1. Selection of laser dyes:
本发明激光染料按照化学结构分为四类,(1)菁类染料,其激光范围为540-1200nm;(2)香豆素类染料,其激光范围为425-565nm;(3)噁嗪类染料,其激光范围为650-700nm;(4)闪烁材料,是含噁嗪、噁二唑、苯并噁唑环的芳香族化合物,是紫到紫外区域中的激光染料。Laser dye of the present invention is divided into four classes according to chemical structure, (1) cyanine dye, its laser range is 540-1200nm; (2) coumarin dye, its laser range is 425-565nm; (3) oxazine class The dye has a laser range of 650-700nm; (4) the scintillation material is an aromatic compound containing oxazine, oxadiazole, and benzoxazole rings, and is a laser dye in the violet to ultraviolet region.
2、有机共轭聚合物的选用:2. Selection of organic conjugated polymers:
由含有不饱和共价π键的链状分子构成的有机共轭聚合物:如聚二乙炔(PDA)、聚乙炔(PA)、聚噻吩(PT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)等;Organic conjugated polymers composed of chain molecules containing unsaturated covalent π bonds: such as polydiacetylene (PDA), polyacetylene (PA), polythiophene (PT), polystyrene (PS), etc.;
由不饱和共价π键与饱和共价σ键交替键合成大共轭环状分子构成的有机共轭聚合物:如酞箐、卜晽等;Organic conjugated polymers composed of unsaturated covalent π bonds and saturated covalent σ bonds alternately bonded to form large conjugated cyclic molecules: such as phthalocyanine, bufen, etc.;
由富勒烯分子构成的有机共轭聚合物,碳60、碳70等。An organic conjugated polymer composed of fullerene molecules,
3、在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料:3. Adding laser dyes to organic conjugated polymers:
(1)化学方法:(1) Chemical method:
采用化学有机聚合方法,将一个激光染料分子通过化学键的键合连接到一个有机共轭聚合物分子上,实现在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料。这种合成形成一种新的复合有机化合物材料。化学有机聚合方法主要有:溶胶-凝胶法、单体原位聚合法等。A chemical organic polymerization method is used to connect a laser dye molecule to an organic conjugated polymer molecule through a chemical bond, so as to realize the addition of laser dyes to the organic conjugated polymer. This synthesis forms a new composite organic compound material. Chemical organic polymerization methods mainly include: sol-gel method, monomer in situ polymerization method, etc.
(2)物理方法:(2) Physical method:
利用化学溶剂将有机共轭聚合物和激光染料分别配成溶液,将有机共轭聚合物溶液和激光染料溶液进行混合,从而将激光染料分子分散到有机共轭聚合物分子中间,这两种分子之间没有化学键的强相互作用。最后获得的是含有激光染料分子和有机共轭聚合物分子的混合溶液。The organic conjugated polymer and the laser dye are prepared into solutions using a chemical solvent, and the organic conjugated polymer solution and the laser dye solution are mixed to disperse the laser dye molecules in the middle of the organic conjugated polymer molecules. Strong interactions with no chemical bonds between them. The result is a mixed solution containing laser dye molecules and organic conjugated polymer molecules.
4、配制有机聚合物溶液:4. Preparation of organic polymer solution:
(1)采用化学方法在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料的,将获得的有机化合物配成溶液,其浓度为1%~30%。使用的有机溶剂是非极性的有机溶剂,如甲苯、乙醇、苯、乙醚、四氢呋喃等。(1) If the laser dye is added to the organic conjugated polymer by chemical method, the obtained organic compound is made into a solution with a concentration of 1% to 30%. The organic solvent used is a non-polar organic solvent, such as toluene, ethanol, benzene, ether, tetrahydrofuran and the like.
(2)采用物理方法在有机共轭聚合物中加入激光染料的,首先配制有机共轭聚合物溶液,其浓度为1%~20%;其次,配制激光染料溶液,其浓度为10%~30%,最后,将两种溶液混合配制成有机聚合物溶液。使用的有机溶剂是非极性的有机溶剂,如甲苯、乙醇、苯、乙醚、四氢呋喃等。(2) If the laser dye is added to the organic conjugated polymer by physical methods, first prepare the organic conjugated polymer solution with a concentration of 1% to 20%; secondly, prepare the laser dye solution with a concentration of 10% to 30% %, finally, the two solutions are mixed to prepare an organic polymer solution. The organic solvent used is a non-polar organic solvent, such as toluene, ethanol, benzene, ether, tetrahydrofuran and the like.
5、用所述有机聚合物溶液制备有机物薄膜:5. Prepare an organic thin film with the organic polymer solution:
采用旋涂法制备有机物薄膜。即通过控制转速可以制备出不同厚度的有机物薄膜。所用设备是甩胶机。Organic thin films were prepared by spin-coating method. That is, organic films with different thicknesses can be prepared by controlling the rotational speed. The equipment used is a plastic throwing machine.
具体步骤为:The specific steps are:
1.用乙醇清洗石英基片。石英基片的尺寸可为长2cm,宽2cm,厚度180μm;1. Clean the quartz substrate with ethanol. The size of the quartz substrate can be 2cm in length, 2cm in width, and 180μm in thickness;
2.将石英基片固定在转台上,在基片上滴加0.5ml配置好的溶液;2. Fix the quartz substrate on the turntable, and drop 0.5ml of the prepared solution on the substrate;
3.打开电源进行甩膜,参数设定:转速1000~3000转/秒;3. Turn on the power to throw the film, parameter setting: speed 1000 ~ 3000 rpm;
制备出的有机聚合物薄膜厚度在300nm,尺寸为直径1cm的圆形区域。制备出有机聚合物薄膜。The prepared organic polymer film has a thickness of 300 nm and a circular area with a diameter of 1 cm. An organic polymer film was prepared.
6、在有机物薄膜上刻蚀有正方晶格周期性空气孔,形成二维光子晶体:6. Etched with square lattice periodic air holes on the organic film to form a two-dimensional photonic crystal:
采用聚焦离子束刻蚀技术(FIB)刻蚀有机聚合物薄膜形成二维正方晶格光子晶体。The organic polymer film was etched by focused ion beam (FIB) to form a two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal.
二、二维有机光子晶体全光开关的实现:2. Realization of two-dimensional organic photonic crystal all-optical switch:
光子晶体全光开关与波导连接如图1所示:The connection between the photonic crystal all-optical switch and the waveguide is shown in Figure 1:
光子晶体光开关连接在波导1和波导2的中间,入射光束从波导1进入光子晶体光开关。The photonic crystal optical switch is connected between the waveguide 1 and the waveguide 2, and the incident light beam enters the photonic crystal optical switch from the waveguide 1.
如果不加控制光(即泵浦光),则光子晶体全光开关处于“开”的状态,如图2所示。此时波导1和波导2是导通的,入射光束可以通过光子晶体继续在波导2中传播。If no control light (that is, pump light) is added, the photonic crystal all-optical switch is in an "on" state, as shown in FIG. 2 . At this moment, the waveguide 1 and the waveguide 2 are connected, and the incident light beam can continue to propagate in the waveguide 2 through the photonic crystal.
如果加上控制光(即泵浦光),则光子晶体全光开关处于“关”的状态,如图3所示。入射光束将被光子晶体全部反射回来而不能通过光子晶体,此时波导1和波导2是完全断开的,没有光在波导2中传播。If control light (that is, pump light) is added, the photonic crystal all-optical switch is in the “off” state, as shown in FIG. 3 . The incident beam will be completely reflected by the photonic crystal and cannot pass through the photonic crystal. At this time, waveguide 1 and waveguide 2 are completely disconnected, and no light propagates in waveguide 2.
下面具体给出一低泵浦功率、超快速响应的二维有机光子晶体全光开关的实现和测试结果。The implementation and test results of a two-dimensional organic photonic crystal all-optical switch with low pump power and ultra-fast response are given below.
1、二维光子晶体制备:1. Preparation of two-dimensional photonic crystal:
有机聚合物选择由Fluka Chemie公司提供的分子量为8,000,000的高聚合度聚苯乙烯;要对波长800nm左右的光进行开关控制,泵浦激光的波长位于激光染料的线性吸收带,激光染料选择3,3’-二乙基-5,5’-二氯-11-二苯氨基-10,12-亚乙唾三碳苦高氯酸盐(IR140),该IR140激光染料的吸收峰为810nm,采用甲苯溶剂,首先确定聚苯乙烯溶液的浓度:The organic polymer is selected from the high-polymerization polystyrene with a molecular weight of 8,000,000 provided by Fluka Chemie; to switch and control the light with a wavelength of about 800nm, the wavelength of the pump laser is located in the linear absorption band of the laser dye, and the laser dye is selected as 3. 3'-diethyl-5,5'-dichloro-11-diphenylamino-10,12-ethylidene salivatricarbonate perchlorate (IR140), the absorption peak of the IR140 laser dye is 810nm, using Toluene solvent, first determine the concentration of polystyrene solution:
聚苯乙烯与甲苯的质量比为1∶14,激光染料与甲苯的重量比为1∶1500。The mass ratio of polystyrene to toluene is 1:14, and the weight ratio of laser dye to toluene is 1:1500.
利用旋涂法制备300nm厚的复合材料薄膜,制备薄膜所用的衬底材料是长和宽都2cm、厚180μm的洁净石英片。薄膜制成后采用聚焦离子束刻蚀技术(FIB)来制备二维正方晶格光子晶体,要对800nm探测光进行控制,晶格常数为284nm,空气孔半径为110nm。整个光子晶体的面积为3um*100um。因为聚苯乙烯是绝缘材料,不能直接用聚焦离子束刻蚀,因此在刻蚀前要在聚苯乙烯薄膜上蒸镀一层厚度为10nm的金膜,在刻蚀完毕后,用水除去光子晶体上的金膜。制备完成的光子晶体如图4所示。A 300nm-thick composite film was prepared by spin coating, and the substrate material used for the preparation of the film was a clean quartz plate with a length and width of 2 cm and a thickness of 180 μm. After the thin film is made, focused ion beam etching (FIB) is used to prepare a two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal. The 800nm probe light needs to be controlled, the lattice constant is 284nm, and the air hole radius is 110nm. The area of the entire photonic crystal is 3um*100um. Because polystyrene is an insulating material, it cannot be etched directly with a focused ion beam. Therefore, a gold film with a thickness of 10 nm must be evaporated on the polystyrene film before etching. After the etching is completed, the photonic crystal is removed with water. gold film on it. The prepared photonic crystal is shown in Fig. 4 .
2、测量装置:2. Measuring device:
如图5所示,激光器为一套由半导体激光器泵浦的掺钛蓝宝石激光系统,脉冲宽度为120飞秒,重复频率76MHz,波长在790-860nm范围内可调谐。由1∶1分束镜2将激光束分为两束,一束作为泵浦光,另一束作为探测光。As shown in Figure 5, the laser is a titanium-doped sapphire laser system pumped by a semiconductor laser. The pulse width is 120 femtoseconds, the repetition frequency is 76MHz, and the wavelength is tunable in the range of 790-860nm. The laser beam is divided into two beams by a 1:1 beam splitter 2, one beam is used as pump light, and the other beam is used as probe light.
泵浦光路包括延迟线3、45°全反镜4、衰减片5、聚焦透镜6;其中分束镜2处于激光器1和延迟线3之间,与泵浦光路成45°角,延迟3对泵浦激光为180°非共线全反射,45°全反镜4处于延迟线3的反射光路上,调节泵浦激光强度的衰减片5放置在半透半反镜4和聚焦透镜6之间;The pumping optical path includes a delay line 3, a 45°
探测光路包45°全反镜7、小孔光阑对8、消逝波耦合系统9、聚焦透镜11;其中分束镜2处于激光器1和全反镜7之间,小孔光阑对8直径为1mm,位于全反镜7和消逝波耦合系统9的输入耦合棱镜之间对探测光束进行准直和衰减,探测光射入消逝波耦合系统9的输入耦合棱镜,通过光子晶体10后通过另外一个棱镜耦合输出;The detection optical path includes a 45° total reflection mirror 7, a pair of aperture apertures 8, an evanescent wave coupling system 9, and a focusing lens 11; the beam splitter 2 is located between the laser 1 and the total reflection mirror 7, and the diameter of the aperture aperture pair 8 is 1 mm, located between the total reflection mirror 7 and the input coupling prism of the evanescent wave coupling system 9 to collimate and attenuate the detection beam, the detection light enters the input coupling prism of the evanescent wave coupling system 9, passes through the photonic crystal 10 and then passes through another A prism coupling output;
信号处理系统包括同步探测光纤光谱仪11和计算机12;光纤光谱11采集探测激光信号输入计算机12进行数据的采集和处理;The signal processing system includes a synchronous detection fiber optic spectrometer 11 and a computer 12; the fiber optic spectrum 11 collects and detects laser signals and inputs them into the computer 12 for data collection and processing;
3、确定光子晶体光子带隙的长波带边的位置:3. Determine the position of the long-wave band edge of the photonic band gap of the photonic crystal:
挡住泵浦光,调节探测光在棱镜底部的入射角大于全反射角,将探测光耦合到光子晶体中,测量探测光透过率随波长的变化关系。进行数据处理确定光子带隙长波带边位置,如图6所示,整个带边很陡,分布在1.5nm范围内,确定全光开关效应的探测光的波长为801.8nm。Block the pump light, adjust the incident angle of the probe light at the bottom of the prism to be greater than the total reflection angle, couple the probe light into the photonic crystal, and measure the relationship between the transmittance of the probe light and the wavelength. Perform data processing to determine the position of the long-wave band edge of the photonic bandgap. As shown in Figure 6, the entire band edge is very steep and distributed within the range of 1.5nm. The wavelength of the probe light for determining the all-optical switching effect is 801.8nm.
4、全光开关的时间响应特性:4. Time response characteristics of all-optical switches:
调节带通衰减片将通过光子晶体的泵浦激光能量设定为0.35nJ;调节延迟线3,测量探测激光的透过率随时间延迟的变化曲线,并进行拟合,如图7所示:探测激光透过率随着泵浦脉冲与探测脉冲的交叠而减小,其透过率在零时间延迟的位置达到最小值,表明光子带隙向长波方向移动。信号曲线的下降沿为200fs左右,与泵浦光的脉宽相当,上升沿有1ps的驰豫时间,响应信号半高宽约为1.0ps,可知光子晶体全光开关的响应时间达到了ps量级。ps量级的驰豫时间决定于激光染料IR140的激发态势能面上的振动弛豫以及从顺式到反式的光转换过程。Adjust the band-pass attenuator to set the pump laser energy passing through the photonic crystal to 0.35nJ; adjust the delay line 3, measure the change curve of the transmittance of the probe laser with time delay, and perform a fitting, as shown in Figure 7: The probe laser transmittance decreases with the overlapping of the pump pulse and the probe pulse, and its transmittance reaches a minimum at the position of zero time delay, indicating that the photonic bandgap shifts to the long-wave direction. The falling edge of the signal curve is about 200 fs, which is equivalent to the pulse width of the pump light. The rising edge has a relaxation time of 1 ps, and the FWHM of the response signal is about 1.0 ps. It can be seen that the response time of the photonic crystal all-optical switch has reached ps class. The relaxation time of the ps order is determined by the vibrational relaxation on the potential energy surface of the excited state of the laser dye IR140 and the photoconversion process from cis to trans.
5、光开关对比:5. Optical switch comparison:
无泵浦光时探测光的透过率为最大值89%。当泵浦光能量约是0.5nJ时探测光的透过率达到最小值30%,可实现开关过程,开关对比度为59%。When there is no pumping light, the maximum transmittance of the probe light is 89%. When the energy of the pump light is about 0.5nJ, the transmittance of the probe light reaches the minimum value of 30%, and the switching process can be realized, and the switching contrast is 59%.
6、泵浦光强:6. Pump light intensity:
本实验系统中泵浦光脉冲宽度为120飞秒,聚焦到光子晶体的光斑面积约为0.01cm2,因此确定实现光开关的泵浦功率为几百KW/cm2到MW/cm2。从实验结果可知复合材料的三阶非线性系数比不搀杂的有机共轭聚合物材料大1~2个数量级,可以实现低泵浦功率的光子晶体全光开关。In this experimental system, the pulse width of the pump light is 120 femtoseconds, and the spot area focused on the photonic crystal is about 0.01cm 2 , so the pump power to realize the optical switch is determined to be hundreds of KW/cm 2 to MW/cm 2 . It can be seen from the experimental results that the third-order nonlinear coefficient of the composite material is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the undoped organic conjugated polymer material, and a photonic crystal all-optical switch with low pump power can be realized.
7、本方法还可以确定光子带隙的迁移情况:7. This method can also determine the migration of the photonic bandgap:
调节带通衰减片使得泵浦激光的能量从0连续增加到1nJ,测量二维有机光子晶体光子带隙的长波带边的位置随泵浦激光能量的变化曲线。如图8所示,随泵浦光能量的增大,材料的折射率增大,带边向长波方向移动,泵浦光能量为0.658nJ时带边移动2.2nm。计算光子带隙的迁移量,做出光子带隙的迁移量随泵浦光强度的变化曲线,如图9所示,随着泵浦激光能量的增加,光子带隙是连续可调的。Adjust the band-pass attenuator so that the energy of the pump laser increases continuously from 0 to 1nJ, and measure the position of the long-wave band edge of the photonic bandgap of the two-dimensional organic photonic crystal with the change curve of the pump laser energy. As shown in Figure 8, as the energy of the pump light increases, the refractive index of the material increases, and the band edge moves to the long-wave direction. When the energy of the pump light is 0.658nJ, the band edge moves by 2.2nm. Calculate the migration amount of the photonic bandgap, and draw the change curve of the migration amount of the photonic bandgap with the intensity of the pump light, as shown in Figure 9, with the increase of the energy of the pump laser, the photonic bandgap is continuously adjustable.
上述是对于本发明最佳实施例工艺步骤的详细描述,但是很显然,本发明技术领域的研究人员可以根据上述的步骤作出形式和内容方面非实质性的改变而不偏离本发明所实质保护的范围,因此,本发明不局限于上述具体的形式和细节。The above is a detailed description of the process steps of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but obviously, researchers in the technical field of the present invention can make non-essential changes in form and content according to the above steps without departing from the essential protection of the present invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the exact forms and details described above.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2007100993832A CN100447651C (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Method for reducing pumping power of all-optical switch, all-optical switch and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2007100993832A CN100447651C (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Method for reducing pumping power of all-optical switch, all-optical switch and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101051166A true CN101051166A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
CN100447651C CN100447651C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
Family
ID=38782640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2007100993832A Expired - Fee Related CN100447651C (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Method for reducing pumping power of all-optical switch, all-optical switch and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN100447651C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102183466A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2011-09-14 | 复旦大学 | Time resolution elliptical polarization spectrum measuring system |
CN108777431A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-11-09 | 南京邮电大学 | A method of realizing that double spontaneous radiations are amplified using organic laser gain media film |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2382955A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-10-23 | Stephen W. Leonard | Method of varying optical properties of photonic crystals on fast time scales using energy pulses |
CN1241038C (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2006-02-08 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Two-dimensional photon crystal and its application as optical switch |
-
2007
- 2007-05-18 CN CNB2007100993832A patent/CN100447651C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102183466A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2011-09-14 | 复旦大学 | Time resolution elliptical polarization spectrum measuring system |
CN108777431A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-11-09 | 南京邮电大学 | A method of realizing that double spontaneous radiations are amplified using organic laser gain media film |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100447651C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Marino et al. | Spontaneous photon-pair generation from a dielectric nanoantenna | |
Zhang et al. | Lighting up silicon nanoparticles with Mie resonances | |
Ovsianikov et al. | Ultra-low shrinkage hybrid photosensitive material for two-photon polymerization microfabrication | |
Liu et al. | 10 fs ultrafast all-optical switching in polystyrene nonlinear photonic crystals | |
Ganeev et al. | Strong nonlinear absorption in perovskite films | |
Braun et al. | Versatile direct laser writing lithography technique for surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy sensors | |
Sakellari et al. | Quantum dot based 3D printed woodpile photonic crystals tuned for the visible | |
Hu et al. | Nano-Ag: polymeric composite material for ultrafast photonic crystal all-optical switching | |
Chaudhary et al. | Sub-wavelength lithography of complex 2D and 3D nanostructures without two-photon dyes | |
Focsan et al. | Two-photon fabrication of three-dimensional silver microstructures in microfluidic channels for volumetric surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection | |
Jia et al. | Two-photon polymerization for three-dimensional photonic devices in polymers and nanocomposites | |
Gong et al. | Intervalley scattering induced terahertz field enhancement in graphene metasurface | |
CN101051166A (en) | Method for reducing full light switch pump power, full light switch and its preparing method | |
Zhang et al. | Multi-component nanocomposite for all-optical switching applications | |
Tribuzi et al. | Birefringent microstructures fabricated by two-photon polymerization containing an azopolymer | |
CN101692148B (en) | All-optical diode super-transmission device and manufacturing method thereof | |
Albrecht et al. | Hybrid organic-plasmonic nanoantennas with enhanced third-harmonic generation | |
Ning et al. | Spatial Writing of Ultrafast All-Optical Switching | |
CN101055399A (en) | Polystyrene photon crystal and polystyrene photon crystal optical switch | |
Vijisha et al. | Slow-Photon Modes Mediated Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Absorption of a Fluorophenyl Porphyrin in a Flexible All-Polymer Bragg Reflector | |
Kajzar et al. | Concentration variation of quadratic NLO susceptibility in PMMA-DR1 side chain polymer | |
CN1858577A (en) | Two dimension photon crystal humidity sensor and its realizing method and preparing method | |
CN1515926A (en) | A two-dimensional photonic crystal and its application as an optical switch | |
Ma et al. | Polarization improvement of CsPbClBr2 quantum dot film by laser direct writing technology | |
Shen et al. | Quasi-Bragg plasmon modes for highly efficient plasmon-enhanced second-harmonic generation at near-ultraviolet frequencies |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20081231 Termination date: 20170518 |