CN101051012A - Hydraulic universal test machine for actively loading at two ends of test piece - Google Patents
Hydraulic universal test machine for actively loading at two ends of test piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN101051012A CN101051012A CN 200710102074 CN200710102074A CN101051012A CN 101051012 A CN101051012 A CN 101051012A CN 200710102074 CN200710102074 CN 200710102074 CN 200710102074 A CN200710102074 A CN 200710102074A CN 101051012 A CN101051012 A CN 101051012A
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Abstract
A hydraulic universal tester enabling to actively charge load on two ends of test piece is prepared for applying hydraulic cylinder with plunger-piston integrated action, connecting plunger to top frame formed by top horizontal beam and two smooth rods as well as flat plate of compression test bed, connecting piston to bottom frame formed by movable horizontal beam and two screw rods as well as bottom horizontal beam, using plunger to push top frame up and using piston to push bottom frame down for actively charging loads at two ends of test piece set between two said frames.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of universal testing machine that is used for the test material mechanical property, especially universal hydraulic testing machine, particularly a kind of universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded.
Background technology
Universal testing machine is widely used in scientific research and teaching.Along with the development of Computer Control Technology, sensor technology, new type hydraulic control device, servo-electric machine technology, microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine and automatically controlled universal testing machine since good test performance become leading products already and generally used in relevant industry in the testing machine manufacturing.More advanced in the market universal hydraulic testing machine is that (for example Shenzhen thinks carefully that company makes to WAW series microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine, sky and water testing machine factory manufacturing etc.), it loads agent structure and comprises a testing table flat board, an entablature and a moving beam, also comprise at least one hydraulic cylinder, four vertical feed rods and two vertical leading screws, described feed rod is fixedlyed connected with described testing table flat board and described entablature, and pass the unthreaded hole on the described moving beam, but in the vertical direction moves with respect to moving beam, described leading screw is connected with moving beam by screw, and pass unthreaded hole on entablature and the testing table flat board, can be with respect to the two in the vertical direction motion, drive sprocket is equipped with in the leading screw bottom, this drive sprocket by a chain by a direct motor drive that is fixed on the frame.This system that is made of leading screw, screw, drive sprocket, chain and motor is used to regulate moving beam to put into test specimen.This system must keep non-driven state in the process that test specimen is loaded, in order to avoid motor is damaged.A plunger of described hydraulic cylinder withstands under the testing table flat board.Between moving beam and entablature, have jig, the test specimen when being used to tighten tension test.When pressurizeing in the hydraulic cylinder, described plunger heads on the dull and stereotyped and entablature of testing table and moves up, and that moving beam keeps is motionless, constitutes the tension test space between itself and the entablature, and formation compression test space between the testing table flat board.
The present inventor is engaged in teaching for many years in colleges and universities material mechanics experiment chamber, and above-mentioned these advanced testing machines and traditional experiment machine all used, and their performance, characteristics are had personal impression.Above-mentioned advanced testing machine is compared the most outstanding characteristics with the traditional experiment machine and is: control function greatly improves, and loading speed, rate of deformation can obtain refined control in the process of the test, and measuring accuracy is greatly improved.
Yet above-mentioned advanced at present testing machine still is that traditional testing machine all exists two topmost problems: the first, and the stronger vibrations that brought during the test specimen fracture can't be eliminated or weaken; The second, the middle partially problem of fracture can't fundamentally be resolved.Trace it to its cause, exactly because these testing machines all adopt the mode that the single-ended active of test specimen is loaded (for example in above-mentioned WAW campaign machine, during tension test test specimen is initiatively loaded by entablature, and its other end is fixed on the moving beam, when compression test, test specimen is initiatively loaded by testing table is dull and stereotyped, its other end also is to be fixed on the moving beam), thereby caused when test specimen how much symmetries, loading environment asymmetric problem in two ends when material is even.Thereby, we can say that it is a big important development direction of testing machine technology that realization initiatively loads the test specimen two ends.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly will solve vibrations of the prior art above-mentioned can't eliminate or weaken and the problem of fracture in partially, provide a kind of and can eliminate or obviously weaken the stronger vibrations that the test specimen fracture time is brought, and can fundamentally solve the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded of the middle partially problem of fracture.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical scheme:
The described universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded comprises a testing table flat board, an entablature, a sill and a moving beam, also comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder, two vertical leading screws, at least two vertical feed rods; Described feed rod is fixedlyed connected with testing table flat board and entablature, and pass the unthreaded hole on the moving beam, but in the vertical direction moves with respect to moving beam, and feed rod and testing table flat board and entablature just constitute a upper frame that can initiatively load test specimen upper end like this; Described leading screw is connected with moving beam by screw, and pass unthreaded hole on entablature and the testing table flat board, can be with respect to the two in the vertical direction motion, the leading screw lower end links to each other with sill relatively turnable connection side's by not relatively moving, and leading screw and moving beam and sill just constitute a underframe that can initiatively load the test specimen lower end like this; Drive sprocket is equipped with in the leading screw bottom, and this drive sprocket is driven the leading screw rotation by a chain by a direct motor drive that is fixed on the frame, thereby is converted into moving beam relative to moving with the vertical of leading screw by screw.This system that is made of leading screw, screw, drive sprocket, chain and motor is used for regulating moving beam when putting into test specimen, must keep this system to be in non-driven state when test specimen is loaded, otherwise motor is burnt out; And in the process that test specimen is loaded, leading screw will be transported merit downwards with moving beam; So drive sprocket must cooperate by keyway with leading screw and is fitted together, thereby the leading screw in the vertical direction is moved relative to drive sprocket; Plunger of described hydraulic cylinder or piston crown are under the testing table flat board, and the plunger of another hydraulic cylinder or piston crown are above sill; Have a jig respectively on the relative face of described entablature and described moving beam, this two jig is put relatively.
The described universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded adopts a plunger-piston or the symphyogenetic hydraulic cylinder of double-piston, this hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame, a piston is arranged in the cylinder body lower inner cavity, a plunger or piston are arranged, preferred plunger in the last inner chamber; Plunger in the described upward inner chamber or piston crown are under the testing table flat board, and the lower end of described leading screw is connected on the sill by means of a thrust bearing, and this sill is fixedlyed connected with described piston.Under same liquid (for example oil) pressure medium effect, plunger upwards promotes upper frame, and piston promotes underframe downwards simultaneously, so just can the test specimen two ends that be placed on stretching space or compression stroke initiatively be loaded.The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that for overcoming the inherent shortcoming that single-ended active loads, relatively simple for structure, with existing universal hydraulic testing machine structural similarity, and measuring accuracy further improves.Only with a symphyogenetic hydraulic cylinder of plunger-piston, plunger and piston impulse stroke separately is half with the plunger impulse stroke that loads the used hydraulic cylinder of rank universal hydraulic testing machine, thereby the overall dimensions of this preferred embodiment do not have too big variation, and structural arrangement is compared with existing universal hydraulic testing machine does not have great variation.Hydraulic system can be saved the use synchronous valve, and adopts the multi-cylinder scheme will use the back-pressure balance loop except scheme herewith, also will use synchronous valve.
The described universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded also comprises a moving beam height adjusting system that is made of motor, sprocket wheel and chain, is used for regulating when test specimen is put into stretching space or compression stroke the height of moving beam.Described sprocket wheel comprises at least one drive sprocket, this drive sprocket is enclosed within one of described leading screw bottom by the spline on its internal diameter and has on the spline position of quality of fit, thereby the two can be moved up and down relatively, and this position is between described testing table flat board and described sill.Preferably also comprise at least one jockey sprocket, it is sleeved at least one feed rod.With motor drives chain sprocket drive leading screw and screw, finish the elevating movement of moving beam, in chain sprocket drive, add the tensile force that jockey sprocket can be regulated chain, make transmission more steady.
Described jockey sprocket is to be sleeved on two feed rods.Two feed rods and leading screw can at random be distributed on four angles of entablature, moving beam, testing table flat board and sill, the preferred symmetrical distribution, and for example two rhizoid thick sticks are adjacent, and two feed rods are adjacent.But more preferably two rhizoid thick sticks and two staggered rectangular diagonal angles of feed rod distribute.Be provided with like this and can make the load maintainer stress equalization, the phenomenon of be not moved crossbeam and leading screw jam makes transmission more steady.
In order to realize control better, on frame, have travel of plunger limit switch and throw of poston limit switch respectively, the two is respectively by surveying moving up and down and the extreme position brake fluid cylinder pressure that moves up and down of piston of plunger.
The above-described universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded, the fundamental point of its technical scheme are that the two ends from test specimen initiatively load test specimen, rather than as testing machine of the prior art, initiatively load from an end of test specimen.Realize that technique scheme has number of ways, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the inspiration of basic design of the present invention, be easy to expect for example can adopt embodiment that multiple realization initiatively loads the test specimen two ends biliquid compressing cylinder vertically to load and realize at the material two ends.That is, be used to drive the hydraulic cylinder of entablature and testing table flat board, a hydraulic cylinder be set again drive moving beam, and make between drive sprocket and the leading screw and can move, the two is interconnected by keyway relative in the vertical direction except existing.In this embodiment, preferably in hydraulic circuit, add the load balance that Hydraulic Synchronizing Valve is regulated the test specimen two ends.Adopt the biliquid compressing cylinder laterally initiatively to load at the material two ends and be easier to realize, but only be suitable for single tension test, such testing machine can not be called universal testing machine.These embodiments all do not depart from basic scheme of the present invention, and the former capital is included in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Compare with existing universal hydraulic testing machine, version of the present invention, hydraulic system, not too big variation of electrical system, electric-control system does not change substantially yet, so can not bring too big development difficulty.Because to test specimen is that two ends initiatively load, thus can obviously eliminate or obviously weaken the stronger vibrations that brought when test specimen ruptures, and can fundamentally solve the middle partially problem of fracture.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in more detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the most preferred embodiment of this novel patent.
Fig. 2 is a hydraulic work system principle schematic embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is provided with the location drawing for extreme position limit switch in the present embodiment and position indicator.
Among the figure: 1 entablature, 2 feed rods, 3 moving beams
4 pressure transducers, 5 limit switches, 6 plungers
7 limit switches, 8 motor, 9 pistons
10 sills, 11 thrust bearings, 12 oil cylinders
Dull and stereotyped 15 screws of 13 drive sprockets, 14 testing tables
16 screw mandrels
25 electro-hydraulic servos (or ratio) valve 26 send fuel tap 27 oil return valves
28 back-pressure balance loops (directly controlling equalizing valve+retaining valve)
I reversal valve II reversal valve III surplus valve
2., 4. limit switch (normally closed position is fixed) among Fig. 3:
1., 3. limit indicator light switch (often opening)
6. limit switch (normally closed position is adjustable)
5. limit indicator light switch (often opening)
5a, 7a limes superiors position
5b, 7b smallest limit position
Specific embodiments
As shown in Figure 1, the optimum implementation of the hydraulic universal testing machine of patent of the present invention comprises an entablature 1, one moving beam 3, one sill 10, one oil cylinder 12, moving beam 3 is sleeved on two feed rods 2 that are in rectangle diagonal line two ends at least, its threaded portion by screw 15 and two rhizoid thick sticks, 16 tops on another cornerwise end positions of described rectangle meshes, entablature 1 is fixedlyed connected with feed rod 2, opposite side is sleeved on the leading screw 16, the lower end of leading screw is connected with sill 10 by thrust bearing 11, sill 10 is fixing with piston 9, and plunger 6 withstands on a testing table dull and stereotyped 14 times, this testing table is dull and stereotyped fixedlys connected with feed rod 2, and its opposite side is sleeved on outside the leading screw 16.Illustrated embodiment also comprises drive sprocket 13, a motor 8.As shown in Figure 1, drive sprocket 13 is slidingly matched by the splined section of leading screw 16 bottoms of its splined section and vertical direction.Though not shown among Fig. 1, on each feed rod 2, preferably dispose a jockey sprocket, help improving the efficient of chain sprocket drive like this.
As shown in Figure 2, the hydraulic work system principle of present embodiment is as follows: during loading, manually three position four-way directional control valve II is in right position, and oil return valve 27 is in closed condition with manual bi-bit bi-pass reversal valve I.Manual loading is then opened and is sent fuel tap 26, and loading is then closed and sent fuel tap 26 automatically, and this moment, electro-hydraulic proportional valve or electrohydraulic servo valve 25 worked.In the loading procedure work in back-pressure balance loop 28, regulates the deadweight that the power that makes progress that this balanced loop makes back of the body oil pressure act on piston is slightly larger than two frameworks and jig and sensor in advance.During unloading, manually three position four-way directional control valve II is in position, a left side, opens oil return valve 27.Do not work as the dead load or the unloading back long period that will keep certain level in the manual loading process of the test, then manually three position four-way directional control valve II is in meta, and when not working, oil return valve 27 is in closed condition with manual bi-bit bi-pass reversal valve.Regulate surplus valve III in advance, make the theoretical maximum oil pressure of the maximum oil pressure of hydraulic system-be slightly larger than ((going up the maximum load power that loading frame and jig deadweight+consideration are transshipped) ÷ ram area).
As shown in Figure 3, also comprise one group of plunger up stroke limit switch 5, one group of up-stroke of piston limit switch 7, a pressure transducer 4 in the present embodiment.In order in process of the test, oil cylinder to be carried out more safe and reliable control, not only be provided with the limit switch (oil pump motor stops, opens when reaching the control limit position) of plunger and piston high-low limit position, but also be provided with corresponding limit indicator light.
When plunger walks to limes superiors position 5a touching extreme position limit switch normally closed contact 2. with the indicator light switch normally opened contact 1., plunger stops, pilot lamp is bright.At this moment, as long as oil return valve is opened, plunger just can break away from the limes superiors position under the effect of deadweight, and it is closed that 2. the limit switch normally closed contact recovers, and 1. normally opened contact recovers to disconnect, and oil pump motor restarts, and limit indicator light goes out.When plunger is got back to smallest limit position 5b, as long as control oil return valve opening degree can avoid plunger and its supporting seat to collide, so extreme position limit switch and indicator light switch are not set.
When piston walks to limes superiors position 7a touching extreme position limit switch normally closed contact 4. with the indicator light switch normally opened contact 3., piston stops, pilot lamp is bright.At this moment need manual two position three way directional control valve I commutation to be logical state, just can make piston break away from the limes superiors position under the effect of deadweight, 3. 4. extreme position limit switch normally closed contact just can recover ortho states with the indicator light switch normally opened contact.When piston was in smallest limit position 7b, because 6. the limit switch normally closed contact be in out state, 5. limit indicator light switch normally opened contact was in the state of closing, if piston does not upwards break away from this position, and lamp Chang Liang then, oil pump motor can't start.For this reason, the limit switch of this position is arranged to the position can be with the whole limit switch of hand adjustment.Specifically, press limit switch in this extreme position side direction exactly, and the limit switch shell links to each other with one handle by spring, at this moment, the pulling handle is so that limit switch is thrown off with it the thing of touching mutually, and turning handle, with at the fixing limit switch of reposition, manual three position four-way directional control valve II is in position, a left side, oil return valve is opened, then move on the piston, break away from the smallest limit position, the backward rotation handle, spring automatically resets limit switch.
Claims (7)
1. universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded comprises a testing table flat board, entablature and a moving beam, also comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder, two vertical leading screws, at least two vertical feed rods; Described feed rod is fixedlyed connected with testing table flat board and entablature, and passes the unthreaded hole on the moving beam, but in the vertical direction moves with respect to moving beam; Described leading screw is connected with moving beam by screw, and passes the unthreaded hole on entablature and the testing table flat board, can be with respect to the two in the vertical direction motion; Drive sprocket is equipped with in the leading screw bottom, this drive sprocket by a chain by a direct motor drive that is fixed on the frame; The plunger or the piston of described hydraulic cylinder head on the testing table flat board from below, it is characterized in that: the described universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded also comprises a moving beam height adjusting system that is made of motor, sprocket wheel and chain, described sprocket wheel comprises at least one drive sprocket, this drive sprocket is enclosed within one of described leading screw bottom by the spline on its internal diameter and has on the spline position of quality of fit, thereby the two can be moved up and down relatively, and this position is between described testing table flat board and described sill.
2. the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hydraulic cylinder is a plunger-piston or the symphyogenetic hydraulic cylinder of double-piston, this hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame, a piston is arranged in the cylinder body lower inner cavity, a plunger or piston are arranged in the last inner chamber, and this plunger or piston crown are under the testing table flat board; The lower end of described leading screw is connected on the sill by a thrust bearing, and this sill is fixedlyed connected with the piston rod of described piston.
3. the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded according to claim 2 is characterized in that: what be provided with in the last inner chamber of described hydraulic cylinder body is a plunger.
4. the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described at least two vertical feed rods, best is to adopt two feed rods.
5. the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded also comprises at least one jockey sprocket, and it is sleeved at least one feed rod.
6. the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the staggered diagonal angle of described screw mandrel and feed rod distributes.
7. the universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: have upper limit position switch and lower position switch on frame respectively, the two comes the brake fluid cylinder pressure by the extreme position that moves upward of detection plunger and the extreme position that moves downward of piston respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007101020746A CN100545627C (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2007-05-14 | The universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007101020746A CN100545627C (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2007-05-14 | The universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101051012A true CN101051012A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| CN100545627C CN100545627C (en) | 2009-09-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007101020746A Expired - Fee Related CN100545627C (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2007-05-14 | The universal hydraulic testing machine that the test specimen two ends are initiatively loaded |
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| CZ303087B6 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2012-03-28 | Vysoké ucení technické v Brne | Loading device with permanently acting hydraulic system |
| CN102721609A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-10 | 济南科汇试验设备有限公司 | Universal test machine |
| CN103308298A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-18 | 长春新试验机有限责任公司 | Dynamic pressure-shear tester |
| CN103424254A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-12-04 | 济南科汇试验设备有限公司 | Tester for mine-used anchor cable assembly performance test |
| CN103604700A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-26 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Welding test piece tearing fixture |
| CN104713784A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 胡伟萍 | B-type hydraulic universal tester |
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| CN110987625A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 济南中路昌试验机制造有限公司 | Super-silent electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine |
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| DE1573940B1 (en) * | 1965-09-30 | 1970-02-19 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Device for strength testing of hollow bodies by means of a fluid pressure test |
| CN1013809B (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1991-09-04 | 天津纺织工学院 | Biaxial electronic tensile test machine |
| CN2835987Y (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2006-11-08 | 汕头市金平区金园荣华机械厂 | Tensile mechanism for bidirectional tensile testing machine |
| CN200965501Y (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2007-10-24 | 北京联合大学 | Hydraulic universal tester with the active loading at both ends of test piece |
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| CZ303087B6 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2012-03-28 | Vysoké ucení technické v Brne | Loading device with permanently acting hydraulic system |
| CN102721609A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-10 | 济南科汇试验设备有限公司 | Universal test machine |
| CN103308298A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-18 | 长春新试验机有限责任公司 | Dynamic pressure-shear tester |
| CN103424254A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-12-04 | 济南科汇试验设备有限公司 | Tester for mine-used anchor cable assembly performance test |
| CN103604700A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-26 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Welding test piece tearing fixture |
| CN103604700B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Frock is torn in welding test piece |
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| CN106198237A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-07 | 石家庄市鼎诚机械制造有限公司 | A kind of concrete segment pressure testing machine |
| CN106198237B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2019-05-31 | 石家庄市鼎诚机械制造有限公司 | A kind of concrete segment pressure testing machine |
| CN107806835A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-16 | 江西省煤炭工业科学研究所 | The device of optical grating ruler measurement is mining two times of maximum static lotus set deformation volumes of latch |
| CN107806835B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2024-04-16 | 江西省煤炭工业科学研究所 | Device for measuring double maximum static load permanent deformation of mining bolt by grating ruler |
| CN110160867A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-08-23 | 龙游县万基建设工程检测有限公司 | A kind of liquid crystal display universal testing machine of high-speeding operation and safety precise |
| CN110987625A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 济南中路昌试验机制造有限公司 | Super-silent electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine |
| CN111198105A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-26 | 辽宁西金机电科技有限公司 | 2000 ton structure testing machine and hydraulic system |
| CN113281150A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-20 | 西安理工大学 | Quick-dismounting device for testing tension performance of material and using method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100545627C (en) | 2009-09-30 |
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